Article(id=1208718238326845932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1208718233222386276, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230351, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766110484916, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766110484916, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766110484916, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766110484916, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208718233222386276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2024', volume='', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766110483699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766110483699, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208718238737887740, articleId=1208718238326845932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Failure Analysis and Structural Optimization of A Radiator Bracket, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The radiator bracket of a vehicle fractured and failed during a vehicle road test. To find the causes of fracture failure, macroscopic inspection, fracture morphology analysis are performed, and numerical simulation method is adopted to perform simulation analysis, and it is found that the irrational structure design leaded to excessive stress in some areas exceeding the yield limit. Then, according to the simulation results, optimization measures are proposed for stress concentration area. After structural optimization, the optimized bracket structure is obtained. The optimized structural strength simulation shows that the maximum regional stress level of the bracket structure is 375 MPa under the maximum load, which is lower than the yield strength of the material (450 MPa), meeting the strength performance requirements.

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某车型在实车试验过程中散热器支架出现断裂失效现象。通过宏观检查和断口形貌分析了散热器支架的断裂失效原因,并采用数值模拟方法仿真分析,发现原因是结构设计不合理,导致部分区域应力过大,超过屈服极限。根据仿真分析结果,针对应力集中部位提出优化措施,经过结构优化,获得优化后的支架结构。优化结构强度模拟表明,在最大载荷下,支架结构区域应力水平最大为375 MPa,低于材料屈服强度(450 MPa),满足强度性能要求。

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赵星辰(1995—),男,硕士学位,研究方向为CAE技术。

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赵星辰(1995—),男,硕士学位,研究方向为CAE技术。

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赵星辰(1995—),男,硕士学位,研究方向为CAE技术。

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材料 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 密度/g·cm-3
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材料属性

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载荷工况 X方向 Y方向 Z方向
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载荷工况 结构处最大
主应力
评价标准
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校核结果
工况1 1 110 450 不合格
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散热器支架的强度校核结果 MPa

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载荷工况 结构处最大
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工况1 1 110 450 不合格
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某散热器支架失效分析及结构优化
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赵星辰 1 , 罗金梁 1 , 尹立峰 1 , 余幼成 1, 2 , 肖磊 1 , 李承亮 1
汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2024,(7): 54-57
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汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2024, (7): 54-57
某散热器支架失效分析及结构优化
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赵星辰1, 罗金梁1, 尹立峰1, 余幼成1, 2, 肖磊1, 李承亮1
作者信息
  • 1 十堰东森汽车密封件有限公司, 十堰 442012
  • 2 东实汽车科技集团股份有限公司, 十堰 442012
  • 赵星辰(1995—),男,硕士学位,研究方向为CAE技术。

Failure Analysis and Structural Optimization of A Radiator Bracket
Xingchen Zhao1, Jinliang Luo1, Lifeng Yin1, Youcheng Yu1, 2, Lei Xiao1, Chengliang Li1
Affiliations
  • 1 Shiyan Dongsen Automotive Seals Co., Ltd., Shiyan 442012
  • 2 Dongshi Motor Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shiyan 442012
出版时间: 2024-07-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230351
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某车型在实车试验过程中散热器支架出现断裂失效现象。通过宏观检查和断口形貌分析了散热器支架的断裂失效原因,并采用数值模拟方法仿真分析,发现原因是结构设计不合理,导致部分区域应力过大,超过屈服极限。根据仿真分析结果,针对应力集中部位提出优化措施,经过结构优化,获得优化后的支架结构。优化结构强度模拟表明,在最大载荷下,支架结构区域应力水平最大为375 MPa,低于材料屈服强度(450 MPa),满足强度性能要求。

散热器支架  /  失效原因  /  强度  /  仿真分析  /  结构优化

The radiator bracket of a vehicle fractured and failed during a vehicle road test. To find the causes of fracture failure, macroscopic inspection, fracture morphology analysis are performed, and numerical simulation method is adopted to perform simulation analysis, and it is found that the irrational structure design leaded to excessive stress in some areas exceeding the yield limit. Then, according to the simulation results, optimization measures are proposed for stress concentration area. After structural optimization, the optimized bracket structure is obtained. The optimized structural strength simulation shows that the maximum regional stress level of the bracket structure is 375 MPa under the maximum load, which is lower than the yield strength of the material (450 MPa), meeting the strength performance requirements.

Radiator bracket  /  Cause of failure  /  Strength  /  Simulation analysis  /  Structure optimization
赵星辰, 罗金梁, 尹立峰, 余幼成, 肖磊, 李承亮. 某散热器支架失效分析及结构优化. 汽车工艺与材料, 2024 , (7) : 54 -57 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230351
Xingchen Zhao, Jinliang Luo, Lifeng Yin, Youcheng Yu, Lei Xiao, Chengliang Li. Failure Analysis and Structural Optimization of A Radiator Bracket[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2024 , (7) : 54 -57 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230351
汽车发动机冷却系统的功能是使发动机始终保持在适当的工作温度[1-4]。其中,散热器由散热器支架固定在前端框架上,在行驶过程中,散热器支架需要承受来自路面及发动机等各激励源的载荷,若某种工况下出现瞬时较大的载荷,散热器支架可能产生失效风险从而直接影响其可靠性。
计算机辅助工程(Computer Aided Engineering,CAE)是指通过计算机对CAD建模进行数值模拟分析,在汽车工业中,主要用于刚度、强度计算(应用于整车、动力总成、零部件分析)、机构动力学分析以及NVH分析(振动、噪声等)[5-7]
国内学者对汽车散热器支架进行了大量研究:杜伟娟等根据仿真结果及受力情况,针对其应力集中部位提出优化措施,经过4轮优化改进后得到最优支架结构,满足振动性能要求[8];龙俊华等通过HyperWorks 软件对散热器支架进行了仿真分析,判断了散热器支架高强耐久试验时的破坏原因,对散热器支架方案进行了设计改善[9];余子贵针对某商用车散热器支架开裂故障问题,基于有限元方法对散热器支架进行了强度和疲劳分析,根据仿真结果进行隔振优化设计,CAE仿真结果满足要求并通过路试[10]
某车型散热器支架在实车试验过程中发生失效,为分析失效原因,对其进行了宏观观察、断口分析和数值模拟,并进行CAE分析,根据断裂原因对支架结构进行优化设计,最后运用仿真分析验证优化结果。
某车型散热器支架装配位置如图1所示,图2所示为该支架在实车试验过程中的断裂失效现象。
分析断裂散热器支架可知,失效位置分别在图2中的ABCDE处,初步判断是由于设计问题导致强度超过材料屈服极限而引起的耐久失效。图3所示为5处断裂位置的示意。可以看出,A位置和B位置发生了橡胶断裂,C位置发生了限位勾断裂且磨损,D位置发生了限位勾爪内卷,E位置出现了加强筋断裂。这表明在大载荷时,限位勾爪向下运动与其他件撞击并造成损坏,接着导致橡胶与其他部位相继损坏。
在支架的C位置与D位置,限位勾爪在向下运动时与其他件撞击,导致C位置勾爪断裂,D位置勾爪内卷。限位勾爪断裂和内卷后,整个零件的下压与上拉行程增大,导致AB位置橡胶超过了正常使用的拉伸范围,最终AB位置橡胶断裂。此后,整个零件从断裂位置分成上、下2部分,在下压运动中,C位置内侧不断撞击加强筋,最终导致E位置加强筋断裂。
首先在UG NX软件中建立散热器支架的几何模型,建模坐标系采用整车坐标系。对模型进行几何清理导入UG NX中的FEM仿真模块,采用二阶四面体网格技术(网格类型为C3D4)对散热器支架进行网格划分,网格尺寸为3 mm,网格数量为131 439个。在划分过程中建立规整的四面体网格单元,确保没有畸形单元,以保证网格质量。仿真过程中输入的材料参数如表1所示。
图4所示:散热器下支架的2个法兰面采用固定约束;将散热器上支架2个孔的中心点作为载荷的加载点。如表2所示为造成实车支架断裂的载荷工况,基于实际工况提取出,主要有1种极端载荷工况。采用UG的Siemens NX NASTRAN 11.02求解器进行求解,得到的应力结果云图如图5所示,上支架结构应力约为1 100 MPa,下支架结构应力约为270 MPa)。
散热器支架所用材料为大梁钢DL510,其抗拉强度极限为450 MPa,本文采用抗拉强度作为最大应力评价标准。根据UG NX中的FEM仿真模块计算出的应力分部云图对支架进行强度校核,结果如表3所示。可以看出,支架在载荷工况1条件下最大应力为1 110 MPa,校核强度结果不满足要求,且应力最大的点与支架断裂的裂纹源基本相同。可以得出,散热器支架在交变载荷作用下发生了弯曲疲劳断裂,进而导致勾爪和橡胶断裂,最终导致散热器支架失效。
根据上述分析结果,支架部分区域超出了抗拉强度,在不改变现有材料和装配条件的基础上,对产品结构进行优化设计,图6所示为优化前、后的散热器支架模型示意。首先,对上支架和下支架的勾爪结构进行了修改,避免了上支架和下支架在极限情况下发生接触,减少“尖点碰尖点”的情况;其次,上支架和下支架和橡胶的接触方式也进行了改进,增加了橡胶对于上、下支架勾爪的限位作用。优化后的上支架与下支架与橡胶表面相接触,两支架填充的橡胶具有较强的支撑和限位能力,避免了上支架和下支架出现较大应力。
基于优化后的结果进行强度分析校核,载荷大小与工况1相同,分析结果如图7所示。
可以看出:上支架结构区域应力最大值为375 MPa,出现在上支架上端;下支架结构区域最大值为262 MPa,出现在下支架左边限位槽处;与优化前相比,上支架和下支架结构区域应力最大值降低66%和3%,结构区域最大主应力均小于最大屈服应力(450 MPa)。其中约束区域应力过大(上支架为725.8 MPa,下支架为553.2 MPa)是由于在法兰面处施加固定约束导致;改进后的模型具有1.2倍的安全系数(450 MPa/375 MPa),相较于优化前,其强度可靠性得到了明显提升。这表明优化后的支架结构区域强度合格,满足设计优化要求。
将结构优化后的散热器支架安装在实车上进行道路试验,支架未再次发生断裂开裂问题,优化后的模型符合强度要求。
根据某车型散热器支架的失效实物,本文通过宏观观察、断口分析和数值模拟分析其失效断裂的原因,发现其应力远大于材料屈服强度,不满足强度要求,结构设计不合理是支架发生失效断裂的主要原因。
对结构进行优化,优化后XYZ方向同时加载时结构区域应力最大值为375 MPa,低于材料屈服强度(450 MPa)。
实车试验结果,验证了设计方案的可行性。
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230351
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2024-07-20
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    1 十堰东森汽车密封件有限公司, 十堰 442012
    2 东实汽车科技集团股份有限公司, 十堰 442012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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