Article(id=1217470735413596829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217470732511134007, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230178, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197242835, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1692460800000, pubDateStr=2023-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197242835, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197242835, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197242835, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217470732511134007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197242143, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198131318, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217474462023336595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217470732511134007, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217474462023336596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217470732511134007, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7, endPage=14, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217470735631700639, articleId=1217470735413596829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Comparative Research on Material Fracture Cards for Automobile Safety Collision Simulation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of different hardening and fracture models on the simulation accuracy of automotive materials, the material-level mechanical tests of DP590 sheet under various stress states were designed and carried out. According to the test results, 5 hardening models of Ludwik, Swift, Voce, Hockett-Sherby (H-S), Swift-HockettSherby (S-HS) and 3 fracture models of Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC), Damage Initiation and Evolution Model (DIEM) and Johnson-Cook (J-C) were calibrated. The above models were applied to conduct specimen-level simulation and anti-collision beam drop weight test and simulation. The comparison results show that the S-HS hardening model and MMC fracture model have the most accurate prediction results for the deformation behavior and fracture behavior of materials. Combined with other research results, it is recommended to utilize the S-HS hardening model combined with the MMC fracture model to predict the plastic deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength steel plates.

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为研究不同硬化和断裂模型对汽车材料仿真精度的影响,设计并进行了DP590板材在多种应力状态下的材料级别力学试验。根据试验结果标定了路德维克(Ludwik)、斯威夫特(Swift)、沃斯(Voce)、霍克特-谢尔比(H-S)、斯威夫特-霍克特谢尔比(S-HS)5种硬化模型和修正摩尔库仑(MMC)、损伤起始和演化模型(DIEM)、约翰逊-库克(J-C)3种断裂模型。使用上述模型进行了试样级仿真和防撞梁落锤试验及仿真。对比结果表明,S-HS硬化模型和MMC断裂模型对于材料的变形行为和断裂行为的预测结果最精确。结合其他研究成果,推荐使用S-HS硬化模型结合MMC断裂模型预测高强钢板材塑性变形和断裂行为。

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姜子涵(1997—),男,助理工程师,学士学位,研究方向为材料本构与断裂模型开发。

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姜子涵(1997—),男,助理工程师,学士学位,研究方向为材料本构与断裂模型开发。

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姜子涵(1997—),男,助理工程师,学士学位,研究方向为材料本构与断裂模型开发。

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硬化模型 σ0
屈服强度/MPa
εo
屈服应变
a
材料常数/MPa
b
材料常数
c
材料常数
K
材料常数/MPa
n
材料常数
p
加权系数
Ludwik 391 1 143 0.51
Swift 3.98×10-3 1 144 0.19
H-S 391 389 13.29 0.82
Voce 391 343 31.63
S-HS 391 3.98×10-3 389 13.29 0.82 1 144 0.19 0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893244350547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同硬化模型拟合参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
硬化模型 σ0
屈服强度/MPa
εo
屈服应变
a
材料常数/MPa
b
材料常数
c
材料常数
K
材料常数/MPa
n
材料常数
p
加权系数
Ludwik 391 1 143 0.51
Swift 3.98×10-3 1 144 0.19
H-S 391 389 13.29 0.82
Voce 391 343 31.63
S-HS 391 3.98×10-3 389 13.29 0.82 1 144 0.19 0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893340819547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
硬化
模型
剪切试验精度 圆孔试验精度 R10试验精度 R5试验精度 杯突试验精度 模型综合精度
Ludwik 81.47 90.23 91.25 92.50 73.62 85.81
Swift 92.32 88.03 79.66 86.35 93.94 88.06
H-S 81.29 68.94 77.23 72.35 54.68 70.90
Voce 76.48 59.01 69.90 64.34 49.49 63.84
S-HS 97.13 97.42 90.67 96.39 95.86 95.49
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893416317020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同硬化模型仿真结果精度 %

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硬化
模型
剪切试验精度 圆孔试验精度 R10试验精度 R5试验精度 杯突试验精度 模型综合精度
Ludwik 81.47 90.23 91.25 92.50 73.62 85.81
Swift 92.32 88.03 79.66 86.35 93.94 88.06
H-S 81.29 68.94 77.23 72.35 54.68 70.90
Voce 76.48 59.01 69.90 64.34 49.49 63.84
S-HS 97.13 97.42 90.67 96.39 95.86 95.49
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893516980321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断裂试验 剪切
试验
圆孔
试验
R10
试验
R5
试验
杯突
试验
应力
三轴度η
0.025 0.370 0.445 0.531 0.638
断裂应变 0.829 0.827 0.627 0.535 1.080
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893600866402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同应力状态下DP590断裂参数

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断裂试验 剪切
试验
圆孔
试验
R10
试验
R5
试验
杯突
试验
应力
三轴度η
0.025 0.370 0.445 0.531 0.638
断裂应变 0.829 0.827 0.627 0.535 1.080
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893680558180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断裂
模型
剪切试验精度 圆孔试验精度 R10试验精度 R5试验精度 杯突试验精度 模型综合精度
MMC 98.61 94.21 95.08 95.42 97.23 96.11
DIEM 97.78 89.78 96.55 96.59 98.44 95.83
J-C 未断裂 86.00 99.42 98.22 73.65
), ArticleFig(id=1217498893747667048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217470735413596829, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同断裂模型仿真结果断裂位移精度 %

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断裂
模型
剪切试验精度 圆孔试验精度 R10试验精度 R5试验精度 杯突试验精度 模型综合精度
MMC 98.61 94.21 95.08 95.42 97.23 96.11
DIEM 97.78 89.78 96.55 96.59 98.44 95.83
J-C 未断裂 86.00 99.42 98.22 73.65
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汽车安全碰撞仿真的材料断裂卡片对比研究
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姜子涵 1 , 梁宾 1 , 姜亚洲 2 , 范吉富 1 , 赵岩 1
汽车工艺与材料 | 中国汽车工程学会汽车材料分会第23届学术年会优秀论文 2023,(8): 7-14
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汽车工艺与材料 | 中国汽车工程学会汽车材料分会第23届学术年会优秀论文 2023, (8): 7-14
汽车安全碰撞仿真的材料断裂卡片对比研究
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姜子涵1, 梁宾1, 姜亚洲2, 范吉富1, 赵岩1
作者信息
  • 1 北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆 401120
  • 2 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司,重庆 400020
  • 姜子涵(1997—),男,助理工程师,学士学位,研究方向为材料本构与断裂模型开发。

Comparative Research on Material Fracture Cards for Automobile Safety Collision Simulation
Zihan Jiang1, Bin Liang1, Yazhou Jiang2, Jifu Fan1, Yan Zhao1
Affiliations
  • 1 Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120
  • 2 Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400020
出版时间: 2023-08-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230178
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为研究不同硬化和断裂模型对汽车材料仿真精度的影响,设计并进行了DP590板材在多种应力状态下的材料级别力学试验。根据试验结果标定了路德维克(Ludwik)、斯威夫特(Swift)、沃斯(Voce)、霍克特-谢尔比(H-S)、斯威夫特-霍克特谢尔比(S-HS)5种硬化模型和修正摩尔库仑(MMC)、损伤起始和演化模型(DIEM)、约翰逊-库克(J-C)3种断裂模型。使用上述模型进行了试样级仿真和防撞梁落锤试验及仿真。对比结果表明,S-HS硬化模型和MMC断裂模型对于材料的变形行为和断裂行为的预测结果最精确。结合其他研究成果,推荐使用S-HS硬化模型结合MMC断裂模型预测高强钢板材塑性变形和断裂行为。

有限元  /  硬化模型  /  断裂模型

In order to study the influence of different hardening and fracture models on the simulation accuracy of automotive materials, the material-level mechanical tests of DP590 sheet under various stress states were designed and carried out. According to the test results, 5 hardening models of Ludwik, Swift, Voce, Hockett-Sherby (H-S), Swift-HockettSherby (S-HS) and 3 fracture models of Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC), Damage Initiation and Evolution Model (DIEM) and Johnson-Cook (J-C) were calibrated. The above models were applied to conduct specimen-level simulation and anti-collision beam drop weight test and simulation. The comparison results show that the S-HS hardening model and MMC fracture model have the most accurate prediction results for the deformation behavior and fracture behavior of materials. Combined with other research results, it is recommended to utilize the S-HS hardening model combined with the MMC fracture model to predict the plastic deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength steel plates.

Finite Element  /  Hardening Model  /  Fracture Model
姜子涵, 梁宾, 姜亚洲, 范吉富, 赵岩. 汽车安全碰撞仿真的材料断裂卡片对比研究. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (8) : 7 -14 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230178
Zihan Jiang, Bin Liang, Yazhou Jiang, Jifu Fan, Yan Zhao. Comparative Research on Material Fracture Cards for Automobile Safety Collision Simulation[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (8) : 7 -14 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230178
当前随着汽车碰撞标准法规的日益完善和汽车轻量化的指标提高,汽车结构件的选材和设计优化也迎来了新的挑战。这使得能在前期指导车身结构设计的计算机有限元技术得到了快速发展,Abaqus、LS_DYNA等多种商业软件被逐渐用于汽车碰撞仿真分析。由于汽车结构件在服役工况下受力状态复杂,采用固定临界应变值或成形极限图(Forming Limit Diagram, FLD)难已准确预测车身结构件的断裂,需采用高精度的塑性本构及断裂模型进行研究[1]
在对材料的断裂行为进行高精度模拟时,硬化模型及断裂模型并不存在唯一选择,不同的研究人员往往会选择多样的硬化和断裂模型。Hung等[2]针对6061铝合金型材采用金-团(Kim-Tuan)硬化模型和洪-杨(Hung-Young)断裂模型描述其塑性行为和断裂行为;妥之彧[3]对比了斯威夫特(Swift)、路德维克(Ludwik)和约翰逊-库克(Johnson-Cook,J-C)硬化模型对于DP900板材塑性行为的预测;鄂宏伟等[4]采用多种硬化模型模拟DC56D+Z超深冲钢的汽车后背门内板成形,发现采用霍克特-谢尔比(Hockett-Sherby,H-S)模型的仿真结果和试验冲压结果最为一致。即便对于同种材料,往往也会采用不同的模型进行参数标定。同样针对DP780板材,Christian等[5]采用了斯威夫特-沃斯(Swift-Voce)混合硬化模型和霍斯福德-库仑(Hosford-Coulomb)断裂准则描述材料的塑性变形及断裂行为;曾龙[6]采用修正Swift硬化模型及修正摩尔库仑(Modified Mohr-Coulomb,MMC)断裂模型也获得和试验较为一致的结果;Yanshan等[7]则是使用Swift硬化模型和DF2012断裂模型预测了材料的变形及断裂。多种多样的硬化模型和断裂模型衍生出更多的组合,工程应用人员很难从文献中选出精度最高的硬化模型及断裂模型。
以1.2 mm厚冷轧DP590板材为例,通过试样设计、试验测试和数据处理等步骤,标定了Ludwik、Swift、沃斯(Voce)、H-S、斯威夫特-霍克特谢尔比(Swift-Hockett Sherby,S-HS)5种硬化模型和MMC模型、损伤起始和演化模型(Damage Initiation and Evolution Model,DIEM)、J-C模型3种断裂模型。进行了对应模型的试样级数值仿真,将试验结果与多种仿真结果对比分析。
采用ZWICK 100KN Allround table top准静态万能拉伸试验机(图1)对DP590材料进行材料力学性能测试。试验按照GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分:室温试验方法》,采用A50准静态单向拉伸试样(图2)进行材料力学性能测试,获取材料力学性能数据(力位移、屈服强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量等)。
材料断裂性能测试中,设计了表征材料多种应力状态断裂试验试样(图3)进行断裂性能测试。使用数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)技术的GOM ARAMIS Adjustable全场应变测量分析设备(图4)测量试样的位移场与应变场分布。采用25 mm虚拟引伸计进行试验过程中的变形测量,通过ZWICK 100 kN Allround table top准静态万能拉伸试验机进行载荷采集。处理并得到材料断裂性能数据(力位移曲线、应变分布云图、断裂应变)。
在拉伸试验机获取的准静态单向拉伸力-位移曲线,通过式(1)和式(2)计算得到工程应力及工程应变。通过式(3)及式(4)计算材料的真应力及真应变。删去颈缩点以后的数据,通过式(5)计算材料的塑性应变,最终获得屈服到颈缩段的真应力-塑性应变曲线见图5
σ = F / A
ε = l / l 0
σ T = σ ( 1 + ε )
ε T = l n ( 1 + ε )
ε p = l n ( 1 + ε T - σ E )
式中,σ为工程应力;F为测得的载荷;A为试样平行段初始截面积;ε为工程应变;l为引伸计在试验过程中伸长量;l0为引伸计原始长度;σT为真应力,εT为真应变;εp为塑性应变;E为弹性模量。
上述方法只适用于材料从屈服到颈缩之间的应力应变关系,对于高应变下的塑性行为,一般采用硬化模型进行拟合外延。根据高应变外延真应力是否有上限值而将硬化模型分为非饱和硬化模型和饱和硬化模型。其中,非饱和硬化模型被广泛使用的有Ludwik[8]模型式(6)和Swift[9]模型式(7):
σ T = σ 0 + K * ε p n
σ T = K * ε p + ε 0 n
式中,σT为真应力;σ0为屈服强度;ε0为屈服强度等效得到的初始等效塑性应变;εP为塑性应变;Kn为材料常数。
饱和硬化模型中常用的有Voce[10]模型见式(8)和H-S[11]模型式(9):
σ T = σ 0 + a 1 - e - b ε p
σ T = σ 0 + a 1 - e - b ε p c
式中,σT为真应力;εP塑性应变;σ0为屈服强度;abc为材料常数。
用上述4种硬化模型拟合试验获得的真应力-塑性应变曲线以得到模型中的材料常数,即标定模型。而后采用Swift模型和H-S模型进行加权调整得到混合硬化模型,使其在曲线形貌有更大的自由调节度,最后基于标定后的模型将塑性应变外延到1。S-HS混合硬化模型如式10所示:
σ T = p K ε p + ε 0 n + 1 - p [ σ 0 + a 1 - e - b ε p c
式中,σT为真应力;εP为塑性应变;ε0为进入塑性变形时初始应变;σ0为屈服强度;abcKn为材料常数;p为由优化得到的加权系数。
5种硬化模型外延结果和原始数据的对比如图6所示,各模型拟合得到参数如表1所示。
根据试样形状及相应的试验条件,构建相同工况下的数值模型,采用von Mises关联本构结合不同硬化模型进行数值仿真验证,构建的数值模型如图7所示。提取仿真结果中的力-位移曲线与试验曲线对比如图8所示。对比仿真结果和试验结果的载荷差异,其相对精度如表2所示。可见,采用非饱和硬化模型的仿真结果普遍在颈缩发生后载荷偏高,饱和硬化模型的仿真结果则相反。结合了二者的S-HS模型从曲线形貌对比和相对精度两个维度上与试验最符合,说明其更能反应材料在多种应力状态下的塑性变形行为。因此在后续的断裂模型数值仿真中采用S-HS混合硬化模型。
汽车结构件在发生断裂前会产生较大的塑性变形,属于韧性断裂。在有限元软件LS_DYNA中,一般采用断裂模型预测材料的韧性断裂。多年来,研究人员提出了多种断裂模型如常应变模型,Cockcroft-Latham[12]断裂模型、Rice-Tracey[13]断裂模型、Brozzo[14]断裂模型、Oh[15]断裂模型、J-C [16]断裂模型、MMC[17]断裂模型、DIEM[18]断裂模型。其中基于损伤理论的J-C、MMC和DIEM断裂模型,因其考虑了不同应力状态对材料断裂性能的差异,被广泛应用于汽车行业中预测结构件的失效行为。
J-C断裂模型是一种基于材料孔洞增长理论的断裂模型,考虑了应力状态,温度,应变速率对于材料断裂性能的影响。在进行准静态试样标定时,不考虑模型的温度项和应变速率项,此时J-C断裂模型化简为式(11):
ε f = D 1 + D 2 e ( D 3 η )
式中,D1D2D3为材料常数;η为应力三轴度;εf为断裂应变。
MMC断裂模型由Bai,Y基于Mohr-Coulomb断裂机理,转化为应力空间的物理量得到。平面应力状态的MMC断裂模型如式(12)所示:
ε f = K C C θ s + 3 2 - 3 ( 1 - C θ s ) ( s e c ( π 1 - 2 π a r c c o s - 27 2 η η 2 - 1 3 6 ) - 1 ) * 1 + f 2 3 c o s ( π 1 - 2 π a r c c o s - 27 2 η ( η 2 - 1 3 ) 6 ) + f ( η + 1 3 s i n ( π 1 - 2 π a r c c o s - 27 2 η ( η 2 - 1 3 ) 6 ) ) - 1 n
式中,KC C θ sfn为材料参数;η为应力三轴度,εf为断裂应变。
DIEM断裂模型假设材料的断裂是由损伤产生和损伤演化导致。损伤产生准则分为正向准则和剪切准则,需将2种准则组合使用。其中,DIEM正向准则公式如式(13)所示,DIEM剪切准则公式如式(14)所示。
ε f n = d e q 1 - k N F η σ 1 σ ˙
ε f s = ε S F + s i n h f 1 - k S F η τ m a x σ ˙ - θ - s i n h f θ + - θ - + ε S F - s i n h f θ + - 1 - k S F η τ m a x σ ˙ s i n h f θ + - θ -
式中,dqkNF ε S F + ε S F -fkSF为材料参数;σ1为第一主应力; σ ˙为等效应力;τmax为最大剪应力;εfn为正向准则下断裂应变;εfs为剪切准则下断裂应变。
在3种断裂失效模型中,均假设损伤按照线性进行积累,当损伤因子D等于1时,材料失效,裂纹产生。损伤因子的计算如式15所示:
D = d ε p ε f
式中,D为损伤因子;εp为等效塑性应变;εf为断裂应变。
从不同断裂试验的仿真结果中获取断裂单元的应力三轴度η。由于试验过程中应力三轴度η随试样变形而发生变化,因此最终按照式(16)计算应力三轴度η的平均值。不同断裂试验的断裂应变εf从断裂试验DIC全场应变分析结果中获取。获得材料在不同应力状态下的断裂参数值如表3所示。
η = 1 ε f 0 ε f η ε p ε p
式中,η为应力三轴度;εf为断裂应变;εp为等效塑性应变。
基于表3中断裂参数信息,根据式(11)~式(14)进行MMC、DIEM、J-C断裂模型的曲线拟合优化,最终得到的3种断裂模型的二维断裂曲线如图9所示。
按照5种断裂试验条件进行数值建模并采用3种断裂模型进行仿真模拟预测试样的断裂行为。最终得到的试验与仿真载荷-位移曲线对比结果如图10所示。不同断裂模型下试样的断裂位移与试验值对比差异如表4所示。从曲线结果对比及断裂位移误差结果综合比较,MMC断裂模型对于材料的断裂行为预测最准确。
对DP590板材成型的后防撞梁进行了落锤冲击试验如图11所示,落锤高度为1.2 m,落锤总质量为274 kg。并建立条件一致的几何模型与边界条件,代入S-HS硬化模型和MMC断裂模型进行仿真模拟,如图11所示。由图12可见,试验和仿真的断口形貌较为一致,试验和仿真加速度-时间曲线(图13)也有很高的重合度。表明采用S-HS硬化模型和MMC断裂模型能准确预测材料在大变形和复杂应力状态下的变形及断裂行为。
针对冷轧DP590板材进行了准静态单向拉伸试验和多种应力状态下的断裂试验,优化了不同的硬化模型和断裂模型。使用这些模型的仿真结果与试验结果的比对分析,得出如下结论。
a. Ludwik、Swift、Voce、H-S、S-HS中,S-HS混合硬化模型因其比例分配因子的柔性,使得预测材料在多种应力状态下的塑性变形行为的精度最高。
b.在DIEM、J-C与MMC三种断裂模型中,MMC模型对于DP590板材的材料试验的断裂行为预测精度最佳。
c.采用S-HS硬化模型和MMC断裂模型,针对DP590防撞梁落锤试验的仿真结果中的断口形貌和时间-加速度曲线与试验中的结果有着高重合性,这证实该硬化模型与断裂模型组合在预测DP590板材的塑性变形与断裂行为有着非常高的精度。
d.对其他高强钢板材如DP780、DP980、QP980进行了不同硬化及断裂模型对比,也获得了相近的结论。因此,对于高强钢板材,推荐使用S-HS硬化模型和MMC断裂模型进行数值仿真模拟。
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2023年第卷第8期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230178
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2023-08-20
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    1 北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆 401120
    2 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司,重庆 400020
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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