Article(id=1200070665920414232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070647759078025, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230533, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764048742990, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1726329600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764048742990, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764048742990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764048742990, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200070647759078025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2024', volume='', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764048738660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764049380600, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200073340305109868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070647759078025, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200073340309304173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070647759078025, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=38, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200070666243375648, articleId=1200070665920414232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research on Stability of Automotive EPS System Based on Lead-Lag Corrector, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The phase angle lead characteristic and the amplitude attenuation characteristic of the lag network can be used to improve the performance of the lead and lag corrector system. Therefore, for the stability of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system, an optimization scheme based on lead and lag corrector is proposed. Firstly, the state space equation of EPS system is established based on the steering system dynamics theory and the system transfer function is obtained. Secondly, the open loop transfer function is derived based on the system transfer function, and the influence of the lead and lag corrector on the stability of EPS system is analyzed by simulation. Finally, forward development and design are deployed for lead and lag parameters development. The results show that the amplitude margin, phase Angle margin and cutoff frequency of the open loop transfer function after correction are obviously improved compared with that before correction, and the designed lead lag corrector can greatly improve the stability of EPS system.

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为提高电动助力转向(EPS)系统的稳定性,提出一种基于超前滞后校正器的优化方案。首先,基于转向系统动力学理论建立EPS系统状态空间方程并求得系统传递函数;其次,基于系统传递函数推导出开环传递函数,并通过仿真分析超前滞后校正器对EPS系统稳定性的影响规律;最后,对EPS系统的超前滞后参数进行正向开发设计。仿真结果表明,校正后的开环传递函数的幅值裕度、相角裕度和截止频率较校正前有明显改善,设计的超前滞后校正器可大幅提高EPS系统稳定性。

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参数 数值
Js/kg·m2 0.04
Bs/N·m·rad·s-1 0.03
Ks/N·m·rad-1 118.611
rp/m 0.008 75
mr/kg 3
Br/N·m·s-1 500
Jm/kg·m2 0.04
Bm/N·m·rad·s-1 0.03
Km/N·m·rad-1 125
im 3.067
h/m 0.007
${\eta }_{1}$ 0.78
${\eta }_{2}$ 0.90
), ArticleFig(id=1200407200997954062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070665920414232, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EPS系统动力学模型具体参数取值

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参数 数值
Js/kg·m2 0.04
Bs/N·m·rad·s-1 0.03
Ks/N·m·rad-1 118.611
rp/m 0.008 75
mr/kg 3
Br/N·m·s-1 500
Jm/kg·m2 0.04
Bm/N·m·rad·s-1 0.03
Km/N·m·rad-1 125
im 3.067
h/m 0.007
${\eta }_{1}$ 0.78
${\eta }_{2}$ 0.90
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KL 幅值裕度/dB 相角裕度/(°)
0.5 -8.03 -6.55
3.0 -23.6 -13.5
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KL影响下系统的幅值裕度和相角裕度

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KL 幅值裕度/dB 相角裕度/(°)
0.5 -8.03 -6.55
3.0 -23.6 -13.5
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校正器开闭状态 幅值裕度/dB 相角裕度/(°)
关闭 -14.0 -9.36
开启 42.9 35.0
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超前滞后影响下系统的幅值裕度和相角裕度

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校正器开闭状态 幅值裕度/dB 相角裕度/(°)
关闭 -14.0 -9.36
开启 42.9 35.0
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状态 幅值裕度/dB 相角裕度/(°) 截止频率/Hz
校正前 65.0 -27.8 8.91
校正后 70.9 51.8 6.94
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系统校正前、后关键参数对比

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状态 幅值裕度/dB 相角裕度/(°) 截止频率/Hz
校正前 65.0 -27.8 8.91
校正后 70.9 51.8 6.94
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基于超前滞后校正器的汽车电动助力转向系统稳定性研究
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夏鼎宽 , 邵雄 , 李根 , 司佳雨 , 陈建峰
汽车工程师 | 2024,(9): 38-43
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汽车工程师 | 2024, (9): 38-43
基于超前滞后校正器的汽车电动助力转向系统稳定性研究
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夏鼎宽, 邵雄, 李根, 司佳雨, 陈建峰
作者信息
  • 比亚迪汽车工业有限公司, 深圳 518000
Research on Stability of Automotive EPS System Based on Lead-Lag Corrector
Dingkuan Xia, Xiong Shao, Gen Li, Jiayu Si, Jianfeng Chen
Affiliations
  • BYD Auto Industry Corporation Limited, Shenzhen 518000
出版时间: 2024-09-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230533
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为提高电动助力转向(EPS)系统的稳定性,提出一种基于超前滞后校正器的优化方案。首先,基于转向系统动力学理论建立EPS系统状态空间方程并求得系统传递函数;其次,基于系统传递函数推导出开环传递函数,并通过仿真分析超前滞后校正器对EPS系统稳定性的影响规律;最后,对EPS系统的超前滞后参数进行正向开发设计。仿真结果表明,校正后的开环传递函数的幅值裕度、相角裕度和截止频率较校正前有明显改善,设计的超前滞后校正器可大幅提高EPS系统稳定性。

电动助力转向系统  /  车辆模型  /  超前滞后校正  /  稳定性

The phase angle lead characteristic and the amplitude attenuation characteristic of the lag network can be used to improve the performance of the lead and lag corrector system. Therefore, for the stability of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system, an optimization scheme based on lead and lag corrector is proposed. Firstly, the state space equation of EPS system is established based on the steering system dynamics theory and the system transfer function is obtained. Secondly, the open loop transfer function is derived based on the system transfer function, and the influence of the lead and lag corrector on the stability of EPS system is analyzed by simulation. Finally, forward development and design are deployed for lead and lag parameters development. The results show that the amplitude margin, phase Angle margin and cutoff frequency of the open loop transfer function after correction are obviously improved compared with that before correction, and the designed lead lag corrector can greatly improve the stability of EPS system.

Electric Power Steering (EPS) system  /  Vehicle model  /  Lead-lag correction  /  Stability
夏鼎宽, 邵雄, 李根, 司佳雨, 陈建峰. 基于超前滞后校正器的汽车电动助力转向系统稳定性研究. 汽车工程师, 2024 , (9) : 38 -43 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230533
Dingkuan Xia, Xiong Shao, Gen Li, Jiayu Si, Jianfeng Chen. Research on Stability of Automotive EPS System Based on Lead-Lag Corrector[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2024 , (9) : 38 -43 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230533
操纵稳定性是汽车领域的重要研究课题之一,转向系统对驾驶员的力反馈作用对汽车操纵稳定性有很大影响[1]。汽车电动助力转向(Electric Power Steering,EPS)系统能够提供转向助力、减轻驾驶员操纵负担,提高汽车转向性能、驾驶舒适性和主动安全性。EPS系统的优势在于可通过软件算法改变助力电机输出力矩,调节转向系统的力反馈特性[2]。因此,对EPS系统进行有效控制尤为重要。
国内在EPS系统稳定性研究方面取得了不少成果。吕威等[3]提出利用双二阶滤波器对转矩传感器的转矩信号进行处理,进而提升EPS系统稳定性。姜平等[4]利用单神经元自适应PID控制算法以及对转矩传感器的转矩信号进行相位超前补偿的方法来改善EPS系统性能。吴峰等[5]基于PID控制设计了一种电机电流闭环控制方法,使EPS系统的控制性能达到预期要求。季学武等[6]采用实际微分的相位补偿方法进一步改善了EPS系统的工作性能。
目前,一般通过标定EPS系统中控制策略的关键参数来满足系统的性能要求,需耗费大量资源。同时,EPS系统的控制策略开发也缺乏正向开发的理论支撑。为使EPS系统实现良好的控制效果,系统在不同工况下,既要衰减高频信号,改善稳态性能,又要保证电机的响应速度。但仅依靠降低助力电机的响应速度或减小助力增益无法使系统达到良好的稳定性,因此需要利用合理的控制算法来进一步改善。
超前滞后校正器在保证系统稳态性能要求的前提下,可同时提高系统的响应速度[7]。本文引入超前滞后校正器对EPS系统进行分析,在建立EPS系统动力学模型和状态空间模型基础上,分析超前滞后校正器对EPS系统稳定性的影响规律,进而提出超前滞后正向开发方法,并通过仿真验证该方法对于EPS系统稳定性改善的有效性。
超前滞后校正器由超前校正环节和滞后校正环节组成[8]:利用超前校正环节可改善系统的相位裕度,提高系统响应速度的同时改善稳定性;利用滞后校正环节提高开环增益可改善系统的稳态性能。该校正方法兼有超前校正和滞后校正的优点。
图1所示,滞后校正的效果类似低通滤波,衰减系统中频(3~30 Hz)信号,使输出的助力力矩平滑,但需尽量不改变低频段(0~3 Hz)的幅频和相频特性。超前校正主要提高高频(10 ~100 Hz)的相位裕度,使系统稳定。
根据设计经验,选取如下的传递函数作为超前滞后的设计公式:
${Q}_{ff}\left(s\right)=\frac{{s}^{2}+2\xi {\omega }_{n}s+{\omega }_{n}}{(s+{p}_{1})(s+{p}_{2})}\cdot \frac{{p}_{1}{p}_{2}}{{\omega }_{n}}$
式中:s为复变量,ξ为阻尼比,ωn为无阻尼振荡频率,p1为一阶极点,p2为二阶极点。
该校正器有4个优化参数,分别为阻尼比ξ、无阻尼振荡频率ωn、一阶极点p1、二阶极点p2,4个优化参数分别对系统的频域特性产生不同的影响,通过分析这些影响因素,可改善系统的稳定性。
本文对EPS机械系统进行简化,突出系统的主要因素,减少系统中机械元件的数量,并在此基础上建立EPS系统动力学模型。
对EPS系统机械部分进行简化分析,分别建立转向盘-管柱、转矩转角传感器、电机、齿条动力学模型。
驾驶员向转向盘施加力矩,转向盘与上管柱之间为刚性连接,其动力学方程为:
${T}_{d}={J}_{s}\cdot {\ddot{\theta }}_{s}+{B}_{s}\cdot {\dot{\theta }}_{s}+{K}_{s}({\theta }_{s}-{\theta }_{p})$
式中:Td为转向盘转矩, Js为转向盘和转向输入轴转动惯量,Bs为转向盘和转向输入轴阻尼系数,${\theta }_{s}$为转向盘转角,${\theta }_{p}$为小齿轮转角, Ks为力矩传感器扭杆刚度。
转矩转角传感器检测到的转矩由上管柱与中间轴之间的角度差决定,可建立如下表达式:
${T}_{s}={K}_{s}\cdot ({\theta }_{s}-{\theta }_{p})$
${\theta }_{p}=\frac{{x}_{r}}{{r}_{p}}$
式中:Ts为力矩传感器测量值,xr为齿条位移,rp为小齿轮半径。
则转向盘与上管柱之间的动力学方程为[9]
${T}_{d}-{T}_{s}={J}_{s}\cdot {\ddot{\theta }}_{s}+{B}_{s}\cdot {\dot{\theta }}_{s}$
助力电机的旋转方向跟随电磁转矩方向,并带动中间轴运动,为EPS系统提供助力,动力学方程为:
${T}_{m}={J}_{m}\cdot {\ddot{\theta }}_{m}+{B}_{m}\cdot {\dot{\theta }}_{m}+{K}_{m}\cdot ({\theta }_{m}-{i}_{m}{\theta }_{p})$
${T}_{mex}={K}_{m}\cdot ({\theta }_{m}-{i}_{m}{\theta }_{p})$
则其动力学方程表达式为:
${T}_{m}-{T}_{mex}={J}_{m}\cdot {\ddot{\theta }}_{m}+{B}_{m}\cdot {\dot{\theta }}_{m}$
式中:Tm为电机转矩(电磁力产生),Jm为电机转动惯量,Bm为电机轴转动阻尼系数,${\theta }_{m}$为电机转角,Km为电机轴扭杆刚度,im为同步带减速比,Tmex为电机输出扭矩。
齿轮齿条执行器通过齿轮齿条机构的作用将经由中间轴传递的转向力矩变为驱动转向机构横拉杆运动的作用力,即将小齿轮的旋转运动转换为齿条的直线运动[10]。齿轮齿条执行器负责连接中间轴与转向机构,其动力学方程为:
${m}_{r}\cdot \stackrel{}{{\ddot{x}}_{r}}+{B}_{r}\cdot \stackrel{}{{\dot{x}}_{r}}+{K}_{r}\cdot {x}_{r}=\frac{{T}_{s}\cdot {\eta }_{2}}{{r}_{p}}+{F}_{Ar}$
${F}_{Ar}=\frac{{T}_{mex}\cdot 2\pi \cdot {i}_{m}\cdot {\eta }_{1}}{h}$
式中:r为齿条相关变量,mr为齿条质量(加上车轮等效),xr为齿条位移,Br为齿条阻尼系数,Kr为齿轮齿条的刚度,FAr为电机输出轴输出的助力,${\eta }_{1}$为丝杠传动效率,${\eta }_{2}$为齿轮齿条传动效率,h为滚珠丝杠螺母导程。
EPS系统动力学模型中具体参数取值如表1所示。
将2.1节建立的EPS系统动力学模型转化为如下形式:
${\ddot{\theta }}_{s}=-\frac{{K}_{s}}{{J}_{s}}\cdot {\theta }_{s}-\frac{{B}_{s}}{{J}_{s}}\cdot {\dot{\theta }}_{s}+\frac{{K}_{s}}{{J}_{s}\cdot {r}_{p}}\cdot {x}_{r}+\frac{1}{{J}_{s}}\cdot {T}_{d}$
${X}_{r}=\frac{{\eta }_{2}\cdot {K}_{s}\cdot {h}^{2}}{{r}_{p}\cdot [{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}]}\cdot {\theta }_{s}-\frac{[{K}_{r}\cdot {p}_{2}^{r}+{\eta }_{2}\cdot {K}_{s}]\cdot {h}^{2}}{{p}_{2}^{r}\cdot [{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}]}\cdot {\ddot{x}}_{r}-   \frac{[{h}^{2}\cdot {B}_{r}+{B}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}]}{{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}}\cdot {\dot{x}}_{r}+ \frac{2\pi \cdot {i}_{m}\cdot {\eta }_{1}\cdot h}{[{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}]}\cdot {T}_{m}$
选取状态变量$x=[{\theta }_{s},{\dot{\theta }}_{s},{x}_{r},{\dot{x}}_{r}{]}^{T}$,选取系统输入变量$u={\left({T}_{d},{T}_{m}\right)}^{T}$,选取系统输出变量y=Ts,写成状态空间表达式:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\dot{x}=Ax+Bu\\ y=Cx+Du\end{array}\right.$
则:$A=\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ -\frac{{K}_{s}}{{J}_{s}}& -\frac{{B}_{s}}{{J}_{s}}\\ 0& 0\\ \frac{{\eta }_{2}\cdot {K}_{s}\cdot {h}^{2}}{{r}_{p}\cdot [{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}]}& 0\\ 0& 0\\ \frac{{K}_{s}}{{J}_{s}\cdot {r}_{p}}& 0\\ 0& 1\\ \frac{\left({K}_{r}\cdot {p}_{2}^{r}+{\eta }_{2}\cdot {K}_{s}\right)\cdot {h}^{2}}{{p}_{2}^{r}\cdot [{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}]}&  \frac{{h}^{2}\cdot {B}_{r}+{B}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}}{{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}}\end{array}\right]$$B=\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\\ \frac{1}{{J}_{s}}& 0\\ 0& 0\\ 0& \frac{2\pi \cdot {i}_{m}\cdot {\eta }_{1}\cdot h}{{h}^{2}\cdot {m}_{r}+{J}_{m}\cdot \left(2\right.\pi \cdot {i}_{m}{)}^{2}\cdot {\eta }_{1}}\end{array}\right]$$C=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{K}_{s}& 0\\ -\frac{{K}_{s}}{{r}_{p}}& 0\end{array}\right],D=\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\end{array}\right]$
将状态空间方程转化为传递函数,计算公式为:
${G}_{ss}\left(s\right)=\left({G}_{1}\left(s\right),{G}_{1}\left(s\right)\right)=C{(sI-A)}^{-1}\cdot B+D$
其中,
${G}_{1}\left(s\right)=\frac{{T}_{s}\left(s\right)}{{T}_{d}\left(s\right)}, {G}_{2}\left(s\right)=\frac{{T}_{s}\left(s\right)}{{T}_{m}\left(s\right)}$
式中:G1(s)为无电机助力,仅有转向盘转矩输入时,以转矩转角传感器的转矩测量值为输出、转向盘转矩为输入的传递函数;G2(s)为无转向盘转矩,仅有电机助力力矩输入时,以转矩转角传感器转矩测量值为输出、电机助力力矩为输入的传递函数。
在对闭环系统的性能进行分析时,通常采用频域分析手段并以频域指标为分析根据,故需分析开环传递函数幅频相频特性与系统性能指标之间的关系。图2所示为EPS系统控制框图。
EPS系统工作时,在转向盘转矩Td与电机助力力矩Tm共同作用下,转矩转角传感器测得二者相互作用下的转矩可以表示为:
Ts=G1(s)Td+G2(s)Tm
${T}_{m,ref}=H\left(s\right){T}_{s}$
式中:Tm,ref为目标电机转矩,H(s)为EPS系统控制算法。
图2可知,转矩转角传感器测得的转矩与电机助力力矩存在以下关系:
${{T}_{m}}=H\left( s \right){{G}_{m}}\left( s \right)T\left( s \right)$
式中:Gm(s)为电机传递函数,T(s)为力矩传感器测量值。
图2可知,系统的开环传递函数为:
${G}_{open\_loop}\left(s\right)=-{G}_{2}\left(s\right)H\left(s\right){G}_{\mathrm{m}}\left(s\right)$
假设电机的传递函数Gm(s)为一阶延迟环节,响应滞后为T=0.01 s,则Gm(s)计算的公式为:
${G}_{\mathrm{m}}\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{{T}_{s}+1}$
由式(6)可得:
${T}_{m}\left(s\right)={J}_{m}{s}^{2}+{B}_{m}s+{K}_{m}(1-{i}_{m}{\theta }_{p})$
由式(13)和式(15)可得到G2(s)
${G}_{2}\left(s\right)=\frac{{K}_{s}({r}_{p}s-{x}_{r})}{{J}_{m}{r}_{p}{s}^{2}+{B}_{m}{r}_{p}s+{K}_{m}{r}_{p}(1-{i}_{m}{\theta }_{p})}$
实际应用中,EPS系统中助力增益的变化会对系统稳定性产生一定影响,本文分析开环传递函数时考虑助力增益,并将其作为常数项处理。
EPS系统中通常会引入低频增益来更好地实现电机助力。为实现手感轻便而增大低频增益,会对系统的稳定性产生影响,本文通过仿真分析低频增益KL对EPS系统稳定性的影响。
H(s)=KL,表示EPS控制算法只有低频助力,控制器传递函数即开环传递函数为:
${G}_{open\_loop}\left(s\right)=-{G}_{2}\left(s\right){K}_{L}{G}_{m}\left(s\right)$
依据开环传递函数,分别绘制低频增益KL为0.5、3.0时的开环传递函数伯德图,如图3所示。
根据图3可得到KL影响下的系统幅值裕度和相角裕度,如表2所示。
表2可知,低频增益越大,幅值裕度和相角裕度越小,系统稳定性越差。因此,低频增益虽然能提高转向手感轻便性,但使系统稳定性变差。
仅依靠低频增益无法满足系统的稳定性要求,超前滞后校正器则可在保证系统稳定性的前提下,提高系统的响应速度[11]
在低频增益基础上加入超前滞后补偿后的EPS系统开环传递函数Gcom可表示为:
$H\left(s\right)={K}_{L}{G}_{com}\left(s\right)$
${G}_{open\_loop}\left(s\right)=-{G}_{2}\left(s\right){K}_{L}{G}_{com}\left(s\right){G}_{m}\left(s\right)$
在加入低频增益的EPS系统开环传递函数基础上,绘制加入和未加入超前滞后校正器的系统开环传递函数伯德图,如图4所示。
根据图4可得到加入超前滞后校正器后系统的幅值裕度和相角裕度,如表3所示。
表3可知,加入超前滞后校正器后,幅值裕度和相角裕度增大,系统稳定性提高。
本文从系统的结构和原理出发,设计超前滞后校正网络参数。对前文获得的系统开环传递函数进行频域分析,利用正向开发方法进行校正环节的参数设计,并分析校正器对EPS系统的影响,然后通过仿真验证该方法设计的合理性,流程如图5所示。
在EPS系统中,被控对象为电机,输入和输出分别为转向盘转角和电机输出力矩。通过对实际工况下的电机施加扫频信号,可得到电机输出数据。使用MATLAB中自带的系统辨识功能对得到的输入、输出数据进行辨识,可得到目标传递函数。
利用MATLAB编写正向开发脚本,可以实现求取超前滞后校正参数的功能。以预期相角裕度45°为设计指标,求解结果如下:
${G}_{Le}\left(s\right)=\frac{0.122 3s+1}{0.006 308s+1}$
${G}_{La}\left(s\right)=\frac{0.277 8s+1}{0.600 9s+1}$
${G}_{c}\left(s\right)=\frac{0.122 3s+1}{0.006 308s+1}\cdot \frac{0.277 8s+1}{0.600 9s+1}$
式中:GLe(s)为超前校正网络的传递函数,GLa(s)为滞后校正网络的传递函数,Gc(s)为超前滞后校正网络的传递函数。
对得到的校正环节结合EPS系统目标传递函数进行频域分析,其校正前、后效果如图6所示。
图6可得到系统校正前、后的幅值裕度、相角裕度及截止频率,如表4所示。
系统校正前后的对比伯德图如图7所示。
表4图7分析可知,校正后开环传递函数的幅值裕度和相角裕度明显提升,截止频率较原系统有一定的降低,对EPS系统具有明显的改善作用,符合超前滞后校正的规律,证明了由正向开发方法设计的超前滞后校正器的有效性。
本文通过建立EPS系统的动力学状态空间模型,分析了超前滞后校正器对EPS系统稳定性的影响,并利用正向开发方法对系统的超前滞后参数进行正向开发设计。结论如下:
a.低频增益虽然能提高转向手感轻便性,但系统的稳定性会变差;
b.在引入助力增益的EPS系统基础上加入超前滞后校正器,可有效改善系统的稳定性;
c.利用正向开发方法对校正器的参数进行设计,校正后的系统性能明显改善,符合预期设计指标。
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2024年第卷第9期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230533
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-09-15
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    比亚迪汽车工业有限公司, 深圳 518000
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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