Article(id=1200070646534341230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070646001664622, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240295, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1720108800000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764048738367, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1734192000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764048738367, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764048738367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764048738367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200070646001664622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2024', volume='', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='45', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764048738241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764049472096, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200073724071346316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070646001664622, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200073724071346317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070646001664622, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=41, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200070646756639344, articleId=1200070646534341230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research on Automatic Testing Method of AMT Fault Diagnosis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to realize automatic test and effectiveness verification of Automatic Mechanical Transmission (AMT), an automatic testing sequence is constructed based on the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) testing system and automated testing software for the low gear shifting stuck fault of AMT front auxiliary gearbox. The fault diagnosis response is tested, and the test results show that the fault diagnosis response meets expectations, verifying the accuracy of the test sequence and fault diagnosis. Based on the test sequence, the normal gear shifting at high speed, gear shifting without fault and the low gear shifting of the front auxiliary gearbox under fault response are established. Test results show that the Transmission Control Unit (TCU) recognizes and responds in time when the front auxiliary gearbox low gear shift stuck fault occurs. The response is in line with expectations, and it also can keep the vehicle running normally under the fault diagnosis response, which verifies the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis response.

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为实现机械式自动变速器(AMT)故障诊断自动化测试和有效性验证,基于硬件在环(HiL)测试系统和自动化测试软件,针对机械式自动变速器前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障搭建自动化测试序列,测试该问题的故障诊断应对情况,结果表明,故障诊断应对符合预期,验证了测试序列和故障诊断的准确性。基于该测试序列搭建了高速行驶工况下正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下前副箱低挡换挡工况。测试结果表明,发生前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障时,变速器控制单元(TCU)可及时识别并进行应对,应对符合预期,同时可保证车辆继续正常行驶,验证了故障诊断应对的有效性。

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Keyword(id=1200070652226011992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=硬件在环), Keyword(id=1200070652309898079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=换挡卡滞)], refs=[Reference(id=1200070656076382246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=12, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=高文娟, 王瑶, 史艳龙, journalName=重型汽车, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高文娟, 王瑶, 史艳龙, 等. 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故障描述 前副箱低挡换挡卡滞
诊断窗口 运行过程诊断窗口
故障诊断策略 连续3次,变速器前副箱原位置状态在低挡,目标状态不在低挡,进入副箱换挡或仅前副箱动作的换挡状态超过2 s无法完成换挡动作,当前位置在低挡
故障恢复策略 故障报出后,当前操作循环内不能自行恢复,需重新上电
故障应对 保持前副箱低挡
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655015224291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障需求

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障描述 前副箱低挡换挡卡滞
诊断窗口 运行过程诊断窗口
故障诊断策略 连续3次,变速器前副箱原位置状态在低挡,目标状态不在低挡,进入副箱换挡或仅前副箱动作的换挡状态超过2 s无法完成换挡动作,当前位置在低挡
故障恢复策略 故障报出后,当前操作循环内不能自行恢复,需重新上电
故障应对 保持前副箱低挡
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655178802156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试步骤 期望结果
起动发动机,踩制动踏板,挂D挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=2
松制动踏板,踩加速踏板,使车辆加速至11挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=11
超控前副箱位移保持为16 mm,持续踩加速踏板,直到目标挡位为12挡 ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=12,6 s后报卡滞故障,车辆不进行换挡,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=11
松加速踏板,踩制动踏板至车辆停止 车辆停止后,
ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=1
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655271076851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障诊断测试用例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试步骤 期望结果
起动发动机,踩制动踏板,挂D挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=2
松制动踏板,踩加速踏板,使车辆加速至11挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=11
超控前副箱位移保持为16 mm,持续踩加速踏板,直到目标挡位为12挡 ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=12,6 s后报卡滞故障,车辆不进行换挡,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=11
松加速踏板,踩制动踏板至车辆停止 车辆停止后,
ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=1
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655396905979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试步骤 期望结果
上ON挡,起动发动机,踩制动踏板,挂D挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=2
故障诊断开关超控 执行正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡工况时,fhc_flg_SplitStukLow_Enable=0,故障诊断开关不激活;执行故障应对条件下换挡工况时,fhc_flg_SplitStukLow_Enable=1,激活故障诊断开关
松制动踏板,踩加速踏板,使车辆加速至挡位到达11挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=11
执行无故障应对条件下换挡工况和故障应对条件下换挡工况时,超控前副箱位移保持为16 mm,持续踩加速踏板,直到目标挡位为12挡,执行正常换挡工况时,不进行超控 执行无故障应对条件下换挡工况和故障应对条件下换挡工况时,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=12持续6 s后报卡滞故障,车辆不进行换挡,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=11;执行正常换挡工况时,目标挡位和实际挡位均可到达12挡
松加速踏板,踩制动踏板至车辆停止 车辆停止后,
ETC2_TrmSelectedGr =1
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655556288515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障诊断有效性分析测试用例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试步骤 期望结果
上ON挡,起动发动机,踩制动踏板,挂D挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=2
故障诊断开关超控 执行正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡工况时,fhc_flg_SplitStukLow_Enable=0,故障诊断开关不激活;执行故障应对条件下换挡工况时,fhc_flg_SplitStukLow_Enable=1,激活故障诊断开关
松制动踏板,踩加速踏板,使车辆加速至挡位到达11挡 ETC2_TrmCurrGr=11
执行无故障应对条件下换挡工况和故障应对条件下换挡工况时,超控前副箱位移保持为16 mm,持续踩加速踏板,直到目标挡位为12挡,执行正常换挡工况时,不进行超控 执行无故障应对条件下换挡工况和故障应对条件下换挡工况时,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=12持续6 s后报卡滞故障,车辆不进行换挡,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr=11;执行正常换挡工况时,目标挡位和实际挡位均可到达12挡
松加速踏板,踩制动踏板至车辆停止 车辆停止后,
ETC2_TrmSelectedGr =1
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655807946768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CTC序号 CTC配置
CTC 前副箱超控开关=0,前副箱超控数值=0,
故障诊断开关=0
CTC1 前副箱超控开关=1,前副箱超控数值=16,
故障诊断开关=0
CTC2 前副箱超控开关=1,前副箱超控数值=16,
故障诊断开关=1
), ArticleFig(id=1200070655954747419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070646534341230, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

CTC功能设置

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CTC序号 CTC配置
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故障诊断开关=0
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机械式自动变速器故障诊断自动化测试方法研究
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熊自远 , 潘旭 , 李苏琪 , 吕琼 , 张鑫 , 刘双平
汽车工程师 | 2024,(12): 41-45
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汽车工程师 | 2024, (12): 41-45
机械式自动变速器故障诊断自动化测试方法研究
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熊自远, 潘旭, 李苏琪, 吕琼, 张鑫, 刘双平
作者信息
  • 东风商用车技术中心, 武汉 430056
Research on Automatic Testing Method of AMT Fault Diagnosis
Ziyuan Xiong, Xu Pan, Suqi Li, Qiong Lü, Xin Zhang, Shuangping Liu
Affiliations
  • Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Tech-Center, Wuhan 430056
出版时间: 2024-12-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240295
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为实现机械式自动变速器(AMT)故障诊断自动化测试和有效性验证,基于硬件在环(HiL)测试系统和自动化测试软件,针对机械式自动变速器前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障搭建自动化测试序列,测试该问题的故障诊断应对情况,结果表明,故障诊断应对符合预期,验证了测试序列和故障诊断的准确性。基于该测试序列搭建了高速行驶工况下正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下前副箱低挡换挡工况。测试结果表明,发生前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障时,变速器控制单元(TCU)可及时识别并进行应对,应对符合预期,同时可保证车辆继续正常行驶,验证了故障诊断应对的有效性。

机械式自动变速器  /  变速器控制器  /  故障诊断测试  /  故障诊断性能  /  硬件在环  /  换挡卡滞

In order to realize automatic test and effectiveness verification of Automatic Mechanical Transmission (AMT), an automatic testing sequence is constructed based on the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) testing system and automated testing software for the low gear shifting stuck fault of AMT front auxiliary gearbox. The fault diagnosis response is tested, and the test results show that the fault diagnosis response meets expectations, verifying the accuracy of the test sequence and fault diagnosis. Based on the test sequence, the normal gear shifting at high speed, gear shifting without fault and the low gear shifting of the front auxiliary gearbox under fault response are established. Test results show that the Transmission Control Unit (TCU) recognizes and responds in time when the front auxiliary gearbox low gear shift stuck fault occurs. The response is in line with expectations, and it also can keep the vehicle running normally under the fault diagnosis response, which verifies the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis response.

Automatic Mechanical Transmission (AMT)  /  Transmission Control Unit (TCU)  /  Fault diagnosis test  /  Fault diagnosis performance  /  Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL)  /  Shifting stuck
熊自远, 潘旭, 李苏琪, 吕琼, 张鑫, 刘双平. 机械式自动变速器故障诊断自动化测试方法研究. 汽车工程师, 2024 , (12) : 41 -45 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240295
Ziyuan Xiong, Xu Pan, Suqi Li, Qiong Lü, Xin Zhang, Shuangping Liu. Research on Automatic Testing Method of AMT Fault Diagnosis[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2024 , (12) : 41 -45 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240295
机械式自动变速器(Automatic Mechanical Transmission,AMT)是车辆动力域的重要组成部分,其发生故障后仍可继续有效工作是保障车辆正常行驶的重要因素之一。因此,在进行故障诊断测试时,需对其故障应对准确性、有效性进行验证。
高文娟等[1]基于dSpace仿真系统对变速器控制器基础软件(Basic Software,BSW)层故障进行了诊断测试,叶欣等[2]结合自动化测试软件实现了AMT故障诊断测试的自动化运行及测试报告自动生成,赵海英[3]等基于统一的诊断服务(Unified Diagnostic Services,UDS)开发了金属带式无级变速器(Continuously Variable Transmission,CVT)故障诊断系统,并对CVT的诊断策略和UDS诊断通信进行了试验验证,孟丽莎[4]公开了一种基于硬件在环的汽车自动化测试系统及方法,通过控制器局域网(Controller Area Network,CAN)工具和测量标定工具进行了激活诊断测试,赵裕聪[5]搭建基于CAN总线的故障诊断测试工具,对自动变速器故障进行了自动化诊断测试。上述研究表明,变速器控制单元(Transmission Control Unit,TCU)故障诊断测试主要通过不同故障注入方式实现,且主要集中于BSW层,对应用软件(Application Software,ASW)层关注较少。
本文以AMT前副箱卡滞故障为例,基于已搭建的AMT硬件在环(Hardware-in-the-Loop,HiL)测试系统,结合自动化测试软件搭建自动化测试序列,实现高速行驶工况下的正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下换挡工况测试。
测试系统主要包括待测的TCU、仿真硬件平台、已校准的被控对象模型和试验管理软件,如图1所示。
仿真硬件平台由实时硬件系统、外围硬件、可编程电源和电源管理模块等组成。其中,实时硬件系统包含NI PXIe-1084机箱1个、PXIe-8880RT实时处理器板1块、PXIe-8510/6CAN通信板卡1块、数据采集(TB2710型)或输出板卡(TB2810型)合计6块,用于提供实时模型运行的硬件环境;外围硬件包含TB4102型故障注入板卡8块和TB6201型电源切换板卡,用于实现故障注入和电源切换;可编程电源和电源管理模块包含EA PS9040-120 3.0 kW进口可编程电源及电源分配单元(Power Distribution Unit,PDU),用于提供设备用电和保证用电安全[6]
被控对象模型是测试系统整车模型(包含被控对象模型、虚拟发动机模型、输入输出模型和车辆模型)中的一部分,主要用于动力传递和改变传动比。本文采用某12挡AMT,由离合器、前副箱、主箱和后副箱组成。
试验管理软件采用NI VeriStand系统,其可实现系统总线配置、系统硬件配置、系统模型配置和信号映射管理,并进行实时系统管理[7]
通过试验管理软件将编译好的被控对象模型集成到仿真硬件平台中,在管理软件中可通过发送指令模拟驾驶员实车操作,此时,仿真硬件平台发送数据至TCU并接收TCU输出信号,实现对模型的控制和观测,从而形成闭环系统。
变速器箱体受润滑油质量、零部件损坏等因素影响,可能出现换挡卡滞问题,导致无法正常换挡,进而影响车辆行驶。限于篇幅,本文以AMT前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障为例,设计自动化序列并开展测试。前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障需求如表1所示。
该12挡AMT奇数挡位时前副箱为低挡。由于高挡位时车速较高,换挡卡滞造成的危害加剧,本文以11挡时前副箱低挡换挡卡滞为例,故障诊断测试用例如表2所示。其中,ETC2_TrmCurrGr为当前挡位,ETC2_TrmSelectedGr为目标挡位。
基于表1,使用自动化测试中图形模块化工具,并结合Python脚本编写自动化测试序列,如图2所示。
该序列由开始(Start)、流程(Group)和结束(END)3个部分组成,分别为上电和开启模型数据记录、故障诊断测试流程、记录和分析数据。其中,clib文件为封装好的通用测试序列库,可以被多个测试序列反复引用。上电(起动发动机).clib包含上电流程、起动发动机和确认TCU属于默认初始状态测试,下电.clib包含下电流程和重置TCU状态测试,挂D挡.clib为挂入D挡测试。Script Block为Python脚本,用于判定变速器前副箱在低挡是否持续6 s无法摘出(即故障诊断判断时间)。
运行自动化测试序列,测试结果如图3所示。其中,None表示无结果,Success表示成功。
测试中每一次判定结果均为成功,表明该自动化测试序列测试通过,故障应对符合预期,证明了测试序列和11挡挡位下前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障诊断应对的准确性。
通过以上方法,可将AMT故障诊断测试用例转化为对应测试序列。在进行TCU故障诊断测试时,只需在更换TCU软件后运行该序列,即可自动完成故障诊断测试并生成测试报告。
目前,基于本文搭建的测试系统,可实现ASW层故障(如电磁阀类故障、传感器类故障、功能类故障和总线故障)、BSW层故障(如电磁阀电气故障、传感器电气故障、系统供电故障和CAN通信故障)的自动化测试,自动化程度达100%。
搭建高速行驶工况下正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下前副箱低挡换挡3种工况,不同工况下的测试用例如表3所示。其中,fhc_flg_SplitStukLow_Enable为前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障开关标定值。
根据该测试用例改进原有测试序列,利用具体测试用例(Concrete Test Case,CTC)功能实现一条测试序列完成3种工况测试,具体测试序列如图4所示。
相较于图2图4测试序列新增点如下:
a. Start部分:新增第2行CANape调用.clib,作用为调用CANape工具,新增第3行开始记录CANape数据操作,用于调用TCU内部状态量。
b. Group部分:新增故障诊断开关、前副箱超控开关和前副箱超控数值等本地变量;新增第2行故障诊断开关,用于打开或关闭故障诊断功能;修改第7行和第8行,设置前副箱超控开关、前副箱超控数值为本地变量,用于适配CTC;修改第8行,等待时间由15 s调整为60 s,以更好地对比不同工况下的车速变化;修改第12行,根据工况不同,车辆停止时挡位判断不同。
c. END部分:新增第2行和第3行,记录CANape变量数据并添加到报告中;新增第7行工况判断,只有在故障诊断开关激活时,才对故障诊断时间进行判断。
其中,本地变量适用于CTC功能,通过不同CTC可对本地变量进行赋值,从而实现不同工况测试,如表4所示,CTC、CTC1和CTC2分别对应正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下前副箱低挡换挡工况。
执行图4中测试序列,测试结果如图5所示。由图5可知,正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下换挡工况测试均通过。
不同工况下车速、当前挡位和目标挡位对比结果如图6所示。由图6可知:正常换挡工况下,由于换挡离合器脱开等原因,车辆在由11挡升12挡时,车速先下降一段后持续正常提高;无故障应对条件下换挡工况中,在由11挡升12挡时,卡滞原因导致无法正常换挡,车速持续降低,无法回到原有加速状态,将导致车辆最终停止;在故障应对条件下,车辆在经过6 s的故障诊断时间后,车速虽然降低,但可以恢复到原有加速状态,之后车速变化趋势与正常换挡工况类似。
对比3种工况,结果表明,前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障应对准确,同时可满足恢复车辆状态的需求,证明了该应对的有效性。
本文基于已搭建的HiL测试系统,结合自动化测试软件设计了AMT前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障自动化测试序列并进行测试,结果表明,该测试序列可以满足11挡时前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障诊断及应对测试。同时,基于该测试序列完成了高速行驶工况下正常换挡、无故障应对条件下换挡和故障应对条件下前副箱低挡换挡工况的自动化测试,结果表明,高速行驶工况下,发生前副箱低挡换挡卡滞故障后,车辆仍可恢复原有加速状态,证明了故障诊断应对的有效性。
基于以上方法可以进行不同故障诊断的自动化测试及有效性分析,如阀体长时间激活、报文故障和传感器异常等,从而更加全面地验证AMT故障诊断的有效性。同时,可以结合实际道路工况,在不同工况下注入不同故障,从而模拟车辆在实际道路行驶过程中,AMT故障条件下的故障诊断及应对过程。
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2024年第卷第12期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240295
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-12-15
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  • 修回日期:2024-07-05
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    东风商用车技术中心, 武汉 430056
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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