Article(id=1200070549088072225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070539239845894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1702915200000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764048715135, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1715702400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764048715135, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764048715135, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764048715135, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200070539239845894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2024', volume='', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764048712787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764049260169, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200072835185079140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070539239845894, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200072835185079141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070539239845894, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200070549943710334, articleId=1200070549088072225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=A Survey of Lateral Control Methods for Autonomous Vehicles, columnId=1200070541349585130, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=Special Issue on Intelligent Vehicle Motion Control and Advanced Control Algorithms, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to achieve accurate and stable lateral control, and improve the safety of vehicle autonomous driving and ensure the comfort of passengers’ experience, this paper reviewed the latest progress of lateral control methods for autonomous vehicle in recent years, including classical control methods and deep learning based methods, discussed the performance characteristics of these methods and their advantages and disadvantages in application, and prospected the development trend of lateral control methods for autonomous vehicle.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chuan Zheng, Yu Du, Zijian Liu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200070552850363282, articleId=1200070549088072225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=CN, title=自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法研究综述*, columnId=1200070541538328814, journalTitle=汽车工程师, columnName=智能汽车运动控制与先进控制算法专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现精确、稳定的横向控制,提高车辆自主行驶的安全性和保障乘坐舒适性,综述了近年来自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法的最新进展,包括经典控制方法和基于深度学习的方法,讨论了各类方法的性能特点及在应用中的优缺点,并针对自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法的发展趋势进行了展望。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杜煜(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为通信网联服务质量、智能驾驶相关技术等,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=7cbU8nfARFF9CiihZx47Rw==, magXml=jngE3hkSVu7nHGVTrWXZIA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ijJ9jLQVQHsGJace51dCAA==, pdfFileSize=1606236, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5wjgFyfgmUCH/kanfV9vwg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=exsUB3xlGljVr+MOh6knGA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=郑川, 杜煜, 刘子健)}, authors=[Author(id=1200070553286570923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200070553445954481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, authorId=1200070553286570923, language=EN, stringName=Chuan Zheng, firstName=Chuan, middleName=null, lastName=Zheng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200070553559200696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, authorId=1200070553286570923, language=CN, stringName=郑川, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200070553106215836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553118798749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553139770275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101)])]), Author(id=1200070553685029827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=duyu@buu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200070553819247561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, authorId=1200070553685029827, language=EN, stringName=Yu Du, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=Du, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200070553936688082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, authorId=1200070553685029827, language=CN, stringName=杜煜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200070553106215836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553118798749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553139770275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101)])]), Author(id=1200070554142208992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200070554356118509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, authorId=1200070554142208992, language=EN, stringName=Zijian Liu, firstName=Zijian, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200070554595193851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, authorId=1200070554142208992, language=CN, stringName=刘子健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200070553106215836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553118798749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553139770275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200070554729410568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Autonomous driving), Keyword(id=1200070554825879568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Lateral control), Keyword(id=1200070554939125786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Classical control method), Keyword(id=1200070555111092266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Deep Learning), Keyword(id=1200070555220144176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Multi-sensor fusion), Keyword(id=1200070555312418871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=自动驾驶汽车), Keyword(id=1200070555429859394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=横向控制), Keyword(id=1200070555580854347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=经典控制方法), Keyword(id=1200070555719266387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=深度学习), Keyword(id=1200070555866067038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=多传感器融合)], refs=[Reference(id=1200070559074709737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=21, pageStart=33, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张海亮, 张娟萍, 池荣虎, journalName=时代汽车, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张海亮, 张娟萍, 池荣虎. 汽车智能自动驾驶的PID控制方法研究[J]. 时代汽车, 2020(21): 33-34+37., articleTitle=汽车智能自动驾驶的PID控制方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559166984429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=21, pageStart=33, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHANG H L, ZHANG J P, CHI R H, journalName=Time Automotive, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H L, ZHANG J P, CHI R H. Research on PID Control Methods for Intelligent Autonomous Driving of Automobiles[J]. Time Automotive, 2020(21): 33-34+37., articleTitle=Research on PID Control Methods for Intelligent Autonomous Driving of Automobiles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559284424945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=马军, 贺岩松, 李兴泉, journalName=机械与电子, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马军, 贺岩松, 李兴泉, 等. 汽车驾驶员自适应模糊PID控制模型[J]. 机械与电子, 2007(2): 35-38., articleTitle=汽车驾驶员自适应模糊PID控制模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559397671158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=MA J, HE Y S, LI X Q, journalName=Machinery & Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA J, HE Y S, LI X Q, et al. Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control Model for Automobile Drivers[J]. Machinery & Electronics, 2007(2): 35-38., articleTitle=Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control Model for Automobile Drivers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559510917372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=17, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=罗峰, 曾侠, journalName=机电一体化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗峰, 曾侠. 基于多点预瞄的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪算法[J]. 机电一体化, 2018, 24(6): 17-22+40., articleTitle=基于多点预瞄的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559640940799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=17, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LUO F, ZENG X, journalName=Mechatronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO F, ZENG X. Trajectory Tracking Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Vehicles Based on Multi-Point Preview[J]. Mechatronics, 2018, 24(6): 17-22+40., articleTitle=Trajectory Tracking Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Vehicles Based on Multi-Point Preview, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559754187012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=63, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=陈涛, 陈东, journalName=传感器与微系统, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈涛, 陈东. 基于神经网络滑模的智能车辆横向控制[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2017, 36(5): 63-67, articleTitle=基于神经网络滑模的智能车辆横向控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070559859044616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=63, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=CHEN T, CHEN D, journalName=Sensors and Microsystems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN T, CHEN D. Intelligent Vehicle Lateral Control Based on Neural Network Sliding Mode[J]. Sensors and Microsystems, 2017, 36(5): 63-67., articleTitle=Intelligent Vehicle Lateral Control Based on Neural Network Sliding Mode, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070560140062984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=2, pageStart=119, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李升波, 关阳, 侯廉, journalName=汽车安全与节能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李升波, 关阳, 侯廉, 等. 深度神经网络的关键技术及其在自动驾驶领域的应用[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2019, 10(2): 119-145., articleTitle=深度神经网络的关键技术及其在自动驾驶领域的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070560265892108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=2, pageStart=119, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LI S B, GUAN Y, HOU L, journalName=Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S B, GUAN Y, HOU L, et al. Key Technologies of Deep Neural Networks and Their Applications in the Field of Autonomous Driving[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2019, 10(2): 119-145., articleTitle=Key Technologies of Deep Neural Networks and Their Applications in the Field of Autonomous Driving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070560404304146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=14, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=高扬, 陈士伟, 刘进渊, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高扬, 陈士伟, 刘进渊, 等. 基于深度学习的无人驾驶汽车车道跟随方法[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(3): 14-20., articleTitle=基于深度学习的无人驾驶汽车车道跟随方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070560572076310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=14, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=GAO Y, CHEN S W, LIU J Y, journalName=Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Y, CHEN S W, LIU J Y, et al. Lane Following Method for Autonomous Driving Vehicles Based on Deep Learning[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(3): 14-20., articleTitle=Lane Following Method for Autonomous Driving Vehicles Based on Deep Learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070560735654172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=17, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=SUN H W, CHEN H, SONG S Y, journalName=Automobile Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN H W, CHEN H, SONG S Y. A Motion Planning Method Based on Reinforcement Learning for Automatic Parallel Parking in Small Slot[J]. Automobile Technology, 2021(9): 17-26., articleTitle=A Motion Planning Method Based on Reinforcement Learning for Automatic Parallel Parking in Small Slot, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070560899232034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=38, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=段敏, 孙小松, 张博涵, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=段敏, 孙小松, 张博涵. 基于模型预测控制与离散线性二次型调节器的智能车横纵解耦跟踪控制[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(8): 38-46., articleTitle=基于模型预测控制与离散线性二次型调节器的智能车横纵解耦跟踪控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561129918762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=38, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=DUAN M, SUN X S, ZHANG B H, journalName=Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN M, SUN X S, ZHANG B H. Intelligent Vehicle Decoupled Lateral and Longitudinal Tracking Control Based on Model Predictive Control and Discrete Linear Quadratic Regulator[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(8): 38-46., articleTitle=Intelligent Vehicle Decoupled Lateral and Longitudinal Tracking Control Based on Model Predictive Control and Discrete Linear Quadratic Regulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561217999150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=6, pageStart=420, pageEnd=425, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=HOSSAIN T, HABIBULLAH H, ISLAM R, journalName=Machines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOSSAIN T, HABIBULLAH H, ISLAM R. Steering and Speed Control System Design for Autonomous Vehicles by Developing an Optimal Hybrid Controller to Track Reference Trajectory[J]. Machines, 2022, 10(6): 420-425., articleTitle=Steering and Speed Control System Design for Autonomous Vehicles by Developing an Optimal Hybrid Controller to Track Reference Trajectory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561381577008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=129, issue=null, pageStart=193, pageEnd=205, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=AWAD N, LASHEEN A, ELNAGGAR M, journalName=ISA Transactions, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AWAD N, LASHEEN A, ELNAGGAR M, et al. Model Predictive Control with Fuzzy Logic Switching for Path Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles[J]. ISA Transactions, 2022, 129: 193-205., articleTitle=Model Predictive Control with Fuzzy Logic Switching for Path Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561473851698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=120, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=NOROUZI A, HEIDARIFAR H, BORHAN H, journalName=Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOROUZI A, HEIDARIFAR H, BORHAN H, et al. Integrating Machine Learning and Model Predictive Control for Automotive Applications: A Review and Future Directions[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2023, 120., articleTitle=Integrating Machine Learning and Model Predictive Control for Automotive Applications: A Review and Future Directions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561587097913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=王鑫, 凌铭, 饶启鹏, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王鑫, 凌铭, 饶启鹏, 等. 基于改进Stanley算法的无人车路径跟踪融合算法研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(7): 25-31., articleTitle=基于改进Stanley算法的无人车路径跟踪融合算法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561700344123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=WANG X, LING M, RAO Q P, journalName=Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X, LING M, RAO Q P, et al. Research on Unmanned Vehicle Path Tracking Fusion Algorithm Based on Improved Stanley Algorithm[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(7): 25-31., articleTitle=Research on Unmanned Vehicle Path Tracking Fusion Algorithm Based on Improved Stanley Algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561801007422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=PÉREZ J, MILANÉS V, ONIEVA E, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PÉREZ J, MILANÉS V, ONIEVA E. Cascade Architecture for Lateral Control in Autonomous Vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2011, 12(1): 73-82., articleTitle=Cascade Architecture for Lateral Control in Autonomous Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070561956196675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=230, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=武余利, 张心奕, 尹中亚, journalName=机械工程与自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=武余利, 张心奕, 尹中亚, 等. 基于模糊PID控制的车辆横向预瞄驾驶员模型[J]. 机械工程与自动化, 2022, 230(1): 38-40+43., articleTitle=基于模糊PID控制的车辆横向预瞄驾驶员模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562102997316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=230, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=WU Y L, ZHANG X Y, YIN Z Y, journalName=Mechanical Engineering and Automation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Y L, ZHANG X Y, YIN Z Y, et al. Vehicle Lateral Preview Driver Model Based on Fuzzy PID Control[J]. Mechanical Engineering and Automation, 2022, 230(1): 38-40+43., articleTitle=Vehicle Lateral Preview Driver Model Based on Fuzzy PID Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562220437832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=7, pageStart=71, pageEnd=81, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=狄桓宇, 张亚辉, 王博, journalName=重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=狄桓宇, 张亚辉, 王博, 等. 自动驾驶横向控制模型及方法研究综述[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2021, 35(7): 71-81., articleTitle=自动驾驶横向控制模型及方法研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562409181516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=7, pageStart=71, pageEnd=81, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=DI H Y, ZHANG Y H, WANG B, journalName=Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=DI H Y, ZHANG Y H, WANG B, et al. A Review of Lateral Control Models and Methods for Autonomous Driving. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), 2021, 35(7): 71-81., articleTitle=A Review of Lateral Control Models and Methods for Autonomous Driving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562514039119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=SHEN H M, WANG W J, journalName=International Conference on Mechanic Automation & Control Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN H M, WANG W J. A T-S Fuzzy Logic Design to Lateral Control of Autonomous Vehicle[C]// International Conference on Mechanic Automation & Control Engineering. Wuhan, China: IEEE, 2010., articleTitle=A T-S Fuzzy Logic Design to Lateral Control of Autonomous Vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562597925204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=38, issue=7, pageStart=7, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=邵毅明, 陈亚伟, journalName=重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵毅明, 陈亚伟. 自动驾驶汽车横向模糊控制器设计[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 38(7): 7-13., articleTitle=自动驾驶汽车横向模糊控制器设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562686005592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=38, issue=7, pageStart=7, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=SHAO Y M, CHEN Y W, journalName=Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO Y M, CHEN Y W. Design of a Lateral Fuzzy Controller for Autonomous Vehicles[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2019, 38(7): 7-13., articleTitle=Design of a Lateral Fuzzy Controller for Autonomous Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562782474588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=王嘉文, 胡晨曦, 李少波, journalName=系统工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王嘉文, 胡晨曦, 李少波. 基于广义动态模糊神经网络的自动驾驶换道策略优化方法[J]. 系统工程, 2022, 40(6): 113-120., articleTitle=基于广义动态模糊神经网络的自动驾驶换道策略优化方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070562912498015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=WANG J W, HU C X, LI S B, journalName=Systems Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J W, HU C X, LI S B. Optimization Method of Lane Changing Strategy for Autonomous Driving Based on Generalized Dynamic Fuzzy Neural Network[J]. Systems Engineering, 2022, 40(6): 113-120., articleTitle=Optimization Method of Lane Changing Strategy for Autonomous Driving Based on Generalized Dynamic Fuzzy Neural Network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563042521444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=15, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=赵颖, 俞庭, 张琪, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵颖, 俞庭, 张琪, 等. 路径跟踪控制算法仿真分析与试验验证[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(7): 15-24., articleTitle=路径跟踪控制算法仿真分析与试验验证, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563151573350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=15, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=ZHAO Y, YU T, ZHANG Q, journalName=Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Y, YU T, ZHANG Q, et al. Simulation Analysis and Experimental Validation of Path Tracking Control Algorithms[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(7): 15-24., articleTitle=Simulation Analysis and Experimental Validation of Path Tracking Control Algorithms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563231265129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=24, pageStart=34, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=王开峰, journalName=无线互联科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王开峰. 基于MPC的自动驾驶汽车横向控制算法研究[J]. 无线互联科技, 2022, 19(24): 34-36., articleTitle=基于MPC的自动驾驶汽车横向控制算法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563340317035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=24, pageStart=34, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=WANG K F, journalName=Wireless Internet Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG K F. Research on Lateral Control Algorithms for Autonomous Driving Based on MPC[J]. Wireless Internet Technology, 2022, 19(24): 34-36., articleTitle=Research on Lateral Control Algorithms for Autonomous Driving Based on MPC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563449368942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=28, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=张睿, 谢正超, 赵晶, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张睿, 谢正超, 赵晶, 等. 基于非线性预测和沿轨迹线性化MPC的车辆路径跟踪控制方法[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(3): 28-34., articleTitle=基于非线性预测和沿轨迹线性化MPC的车辆路径跟踪控制方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563524866419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=28, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHANG R, XIE Z C, ZHAO J, journalName=Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG R, XIE Z C, ZHAO J, et al. Vehicle Path Tracking Control Method Based on Nonlinear Prediction and Along-Track Linearization MPC[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(3): 28-34., articleTitle=Vehicle Path Tracking Control Method Based on Nonlinear Prediction and Along-Track Linearization MPC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563608752498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=20, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=杨大磊, 付伯轩, 付行, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨大磊, 付伯轩, 付行. 基于模型预测控制的自动驾驶车辆横纵向协调控制[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2019(11): 20-22., articleTitle=基于模型预测控制的自动驾驶车辆横纵向协调控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563701027187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=20, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=YANG D L, FU B X, FU X, journalName=Practical Technology of Automobiles, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG D L, FU B X, FU X. Coordinated Control of Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Model Predictive Control[J]. Practical Technology of Automobiles, 2019(11): 20-22., articleTitle=Coordinated Control of Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Model Predictive Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563835244917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=528, pageEnd=539, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=李耀华, 范吉康, 刘洋, journalName=汽车安全与节能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李耀华, 范吉康, 刘洋, 等. 自适应双时域参数MPC的智能车辆路径规划与跟踪控制[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 528-539., articleTitle=自适应双时域参数MPC的智能车辆路径规划与跟踪控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563902353783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=528, pageEnd=539, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LI Y H, FAN J K, LIU Y, journalName=Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y H, FAN J K, LIU Y, et al. Intelligent Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control with Adaptive Dual-Time Domain Parameters MPC[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(4): 528-539., articleTitle=Intelligent Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control with Adaptive Dual-Time Domain Parameters MPC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070563977851258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=51, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=路宏广, 聂小芮, 顾凯峰, journalName=汽车文摘, refType=null, unstructuredReference=路宏广, 聂小芮, 顾凯峰. 基于自适应模型预测的智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制研究[J]. 汽车文摘, 2021(2): 51-56., articleTitle=基于自适应模型预测的智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564082708863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=51, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=LU H G, NIE X R, GU K F, journalName=Automotive Digest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU H G, NIE X R, GU K F. Research on Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Adaptive Model Predictive Control[J]. Automotive Digest, 2021(2): 51-56., articleTitle=Research on Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Adaptive Model Predictive Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564166594947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=ROKONUZZAMAN M, MOHAJER N, NAHAVANDI S, journalName=2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROKONUZZAMAN M, MOHAJER N, NAHAVANDI S, et al. Learning-Based Model Predictive Control for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Vehicle[C]// 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). Toronto, ON, Canada: IEEE, 2020., articleTitle=Learning-Based Model Predictive Control for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564242092422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=233, issue=1, pageStart=141, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=43, authorNames=NOROUZI A, MASOUMI M, BARARI A, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOROUZI A, MASOUMI M, BARARI A, et al. Lateral Control of an Autonomous Vehicle Using Integrated Backstepping and Sliding Mode Controller[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, 2019, 233(1): 141-151., articleTitle=Lateral Control of an Autonomous Vehicle Using Integrated Backstepping and Sliding Mode Controller, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564296618375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=503, pageEnd=510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=44, authorNames=李磊, 李军, 张世义, journalName=汽车安全与节能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李磊, 李军, 张世义. 搭载改进滑模控制的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪控制[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 503-510., articleTitle=搭载改进滑模控制的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564359532939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=503, pageEnd=510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=45, authorNames=LI L, LI J, ZHANG S Y, journalName=Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI L, LI J, ZHANG S Y. Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles Equipped with Improved Sliding Mode Control[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2020, 11(4): 503-510., articleTitle=Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles Equipped with Improved Sliding Mode Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564447613325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=454, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=46, authorNames=高秀晶, 陶林君, 黄红武, journalName=汽车安全与节能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高秀晶, 陶林君, 黄红武, 等. 复杂道路下自动驾驶车辆的横向运动鲁棒控制策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 454-461., articleTitle=复杂道路下自动驾驶车辆的横向运动鲁棒控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564523110800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=454, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=47, authorNames=GAO X J, TAO L J, HUANG H W, journalName=Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO X J, TAO L J, HUANG H W, et al. Robust Control Strategy for Lateral Motion of Autonomous Vehicles on Complex Roads[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2020, 11(4): 454-461., articleTitle=Robust Control Strategy for Lateral Motion of Autonomous Vehicles on Complex Roads, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564602802577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=48, authorNames=曹轩豪, journalName=自动驾驶汽车跟驰换道运动控制与决策规划研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹轩豪. 自动驾驶汽车跟驰换道运动控制与决策规划研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564669911444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=49, authorNames=CAO X H, journalName=Research on Motion Control and Decision Planning for Autonomous Vehicles’ Car-Following and Lane Changing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO X H. Research on Motion Control and Decision Planning for Autonomous Vehicles’ Car-Following and Lane Changing[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564749603223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=51400, pageEnd=51413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=50, authorNames=TANG L Q, YAN F W, ZOU B, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG L Q, YAN F W, ZOU B, et al. An Improved Kinematic Model Predictive Control for High-Speed Path Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 51400-51413., articleTitle=An Improved Kinematic Model Predictive Control for High-Speed Path Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564825100696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=60, issue=8, pageStart=112, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=51, authorNames=吴皓, 刘淼, journalName=农业装备与车辆工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴皓, 刘淼. 车辆悬架系统的神经网络控制算法[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2022, 60(8): 112-114+129., articleTitle=车辆悬架系统的神经网络控制算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070564913181082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=60, issue=8, pageStart=112, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=52, authorNames=WU H, LIU M, journalName=Agricultural Equipment and Vehicle Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H, LIU M. Neural Network Control Algorithm for Vehicle Suspension System[J]. Agricultural Equipment and Vehicle Engineering, 2022, 60(8): 112-114+129., articleTitle=Neural Network Control Algorithm for Vehicle Suspension System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565026427291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=53, authorNames=FERENCZ C, ZOELDY M, journalName=12th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERENCZ C, ZOELDY M. End-to-End Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control with Deep Learning[C]// 12th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications. Budapest, Hungary: IEEE, 2021., articleTitle=End-to-End Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control with Deep Learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565097730461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=54, authorNames=MENTASTI S, BERSANI M, MATTEUCCI M, journalName=2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT Automotive), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENTASTI S, BERSANI M, MATTEUCCI M, et al. Multi-State End-to-End Learning for Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control[C]// 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT Automotive). Turin, Italy: IEEE, 2020., articleTitle=Multi-State End-to-End Learning for Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565169033631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=342, pageEnd=347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=55, authorNames=JUNG C Y, SEONG H K, SHIM H C, journalName=Journal of Institute of Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JUNG C Y, SEONG H K, SHIM H C. Development of the End-to-End Learning Based Autonomous Driving Framework and Experiments on a Full-Scale Autonomous Vehicle[J]. Journal of Institute of Control, 2020, 26(5): 342-347., articleTitle=Development of the End-to-End Learning Based Autonomous Driving Framework and Experiments on a Full-Scale Autonomous Vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565236142497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=114, issue=null, pageStart=155, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=56, authorNames=OKAMOTO K, TSIOTRAS P, journalName=Robotics and Autonomous Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKAMOTO K, TSIOTRAS P. Data-Driven Human Driver Lateral Control Models for Developing Haptic-Shared Control Advanced Driver Assist Systems[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2019, 114: 155-171., articleTitle=Data-Driven Human Driver Lateral Control Models for Developing Haptic-Shared Control Advanced Driver Assist Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565315834275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=57, authorNames=王丙琛, 司怀伟, 谭国真, journalName=郑州大学学报(工学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王丙琛, 司怀伟, 谭国真. 基于深度强化学习的自动驾驶车控制算法研究[J]. 郑州大学学报(工学版), 2020, 41(4): 41-45+80., articleTitle=基于深度强化学习的自动驾驶车控制算法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565382943140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=58, authorNames=WANG B C, SI H W, TAN G Z, journalName=Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG B C, SI H W, TAN G Z. Research on Autonomous Driving Control Algorithms Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2020, 41(4): 41-45+80., articleTitle=Research on Autonomous Driving Control Algorithms Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565454246309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=44, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=59, authorNames=FERDOWSI A, CHALLITA U, SAAD W, journalName=机器人产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERDOWSI A, CHALLITA U, SAAD W, 等. 对抗深度强化学习为自动驾驶汽车保驾护航[J]. 机器人产业, 2018(3): 44-47., articleTitle=对抗深度强化学习为自动驾驶汽车保驾护航, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565517160870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=44, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=60, authorNames=FERDOWSI A, CHALLITA U, SAAD W, journalName=Robotics Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERDOWSI A, CHALLITA U, SAAD W, et al. Adversarial Deep Reinforcement Learning for Protecting Autonomous Vehicles[J]. Robotics Industry, 2018(3): 44-47., articleTitle=Adversarial Deep Reinforcement Learning for Protecting Autonomous Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565580075431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=94, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=61, authorNames=WASALA A, BYRNE D, MIESBAUER P, journalName=Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WASALA A, BYRNE D, MIESBAUER P, et al. Trajectory Based Lateral Control: A Reinforcement Learning Case Study[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2020, 94(2)., articleTitle=Trajectory Based Lateral Control: A Reinforcement Learning Case Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565651378600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=62, authorNames=LI Y, ZHANG H, WANG Z P, journalName=2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y, ZHANG H, WANG Z P. Data-Driven Lateral Fault-Tolerance Control of Autonomous Vehicle System Using Reinforcement Learning[C]// 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). Singapore: IEEE, 2020., articleTitle=Data-Driven Lateral Fault-Tolerance Control of Autonomous Vehicle System Using Reinforcement Learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565764624809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.12778, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=63, authorNames=LI D, ZHAO D B, ZHANG Q C, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI D, ZHAO D B, ZHANG Q C, et al. Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning Based Lateral Control for Autonomous Driving[EB/OL]. (2018-10-30) [2023-12-19]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.12778, articleTitle=Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning Based Lateral Control for Autonomous Driving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565823345066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=9, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=64, authorNames=黄舒伟, 何少炜, 金智林, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄舒伟, 何少炜, 金智林. 基于深度强化学习的汽车自动紧急制动策略[J]. 汽车技术, 2021(5): 9-15., articleTitle=基于深度强化学习的汽车自动紧急制动策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565898842539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=9, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=65, authorNames=HUANG S W, HE S W, JIN Z L, journalName=Automotive Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG S W, HE S W, JIN Z L. Automobile Automatic Emergency Braking Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning[J]. Automotive Technology, 2021(5): 9-15., articleTitle=Automobile Automatic Emergency Braking Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070565961757100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=66, authorNames=SU C, WANG X, SHEN L, journalName=2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU C, WANG X, SHEN L, et al. Adaptive UAV Maneuvering Control System Based on Dynamic Inversion and Long-Short-Term Memory Network[C]// 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). Shanghai, China: IEEE, 2020., articleTitle=Adaptive UAV Maneuvering Control System Based on Dynamic Inversion and Long-Short-Term Memory Network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070566020477357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2675, issue=6, pageStart=380, pageEnd=390, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=67, authorNames=LIN L, GONG S, PEETA S, journalName=Transportation Research Record, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN L, GONG S, PEETA S, et al. Long Short-Term Memory-Based Human-Driven Vehicle Longitudinal Trajectory Prediction in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2021, 2675(6): 380-390., articleTitle=Long Short-Term Memory-Based Human-Driven Vehicle Longitudinal Trajectory Prediction in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070566079197614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=68, issue=9, pageStart=8461, pageEnd=8471, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=68, authorNames=CHEN Y M, HU C, WANG J M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Y M, HU C, WANG J M. Human-Centered Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles with Driver Cut-in Behavior Prediction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(9): 8461-8471., articleTitle=Human-Centered Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles with Driver Cut-in Behavior Prediction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070566142112175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=125, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=69, authorNames=WEON I S, LEE S G, journalName=Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEON I S, LEE S G. Environment Recognition Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving Vehicles[J]. Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, 2019, 25(2): 125-131., articleTitle=Environment Recognition Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070566230192560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=18, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=70, authorNames=GAO L T, XIONG L, LIN X F, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO L T, XIONG L, LIN X F, et al. Multi-Sensor Fusion Road Friction Coefficient Estimation During Steering with Lyapunov Method[J]. Sensors, 2019, 19(18)., articleTitle=Multi-Sensor Fusion Road Friction Coefficient Estimation During Steering with Lyapunov Method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070566293107121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=237, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=71, authorNames=LI Q Q, QUERALTA J P, GIA T N, journalName=Unmanned Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Q Q, QUERALTA J P, GIA T N, et al. Multi Sensor Fusion for Navigation and Mapping in Autonomous Vehicles: Accurate Localization in Urban Environments[J]. Unmanned Systems, 2021, 8(3): 229-237., articleTitle=Multi Sensor Fusion for Navigation and Mapping in Autonomous Vehicles: Accurate Localization in Urban Environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070566347633074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=10, pageStart=11781, pageEnd=11790, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=72, authorNames=HUANG Z Y, LV C, XING Y, journalName=IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Z Y, LV C, XING Y, et al. Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion-Based Deep Neural Network for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Scene Understanding[J]. IEEE, 2021, 21(10): 11781-11790., articleTitle=Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion-Based Deep Neural Network for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Scene Understanding, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200070558915326177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=*北京市朝阳区科技局“智能配送物流机器人协同创新中心”项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200070553106215836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553118798749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070553139770275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, companyId=1200070553106215836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200070556100948078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JnFgoF4DYAqwrd5HpQLJRA==, figureFileBig=5wjgFyfgmUCH/kanfV9vwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070556243554423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PID控制原理, figureFileSmall=JnFgoF4DYAqwrd5HpQLJRA==, figureFileBig=5wjgFyfgmUCH/kanfV9vwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070556507795592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=g3f7vS7K3JOYAJxqtF6EJQ==, figureFileBig=BcjMArwZ65OSM36djSDVkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070556625236109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图2, caption=模糊控制原理, figureFileSmall=g3f7vS7K3JOYAJxqtF6EJQ==, figureFileBig=BcjMArwZ65OSM36djSDVkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070556738482325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lEYOabw5/Gocrbay+MranA==, figureFileBig=0KaisFotBU11gwNuItg2dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070556948197528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图3, caption=遗传控制算法流程, figureFileSmall=lEYOabw5/Gocrbay+MranA==, figureFileBig=0KaisFotBU11gwNuItg2dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557061443740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HyPpdaXz8Tq1+FN0p6Ve1A==, figureFileBig=GJH657DKP5MYCDDalbZNTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557187272868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模型预测控制原理, figureFileSmall=HyPpdaXz8Tq1+FN0p6Ve1A==, figureFileBig=GJH657DKP5MYCDDalbZNTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557329879211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UaxEEHUuX0OMqvn2AL55rQ==, figureFileBig=7kBYLH5sywYjHcy7+ybI6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557493457072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图5, caption=滑模面与滑模运动, figureFileSmall=UaxEEHUuX0OMqvn2AL55rQ==, figureFileBig=7kBYLH5sywYjHcy7+ybI6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557673812149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Y+nPHBRLVi3MgjBZCA0AAA==, figureFileBig=WzVXNNjgGhfU5t89GFYUQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557803835579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图6, caption=自动驾驶端到端学习模型, figureFileSmall=Y+nPHBRLVi3MgjBZCA0AAA==, figureFileBig=WzVXNNjgGhfU5t89GFYUQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070557954830530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+LruuVIBcin2BWC62E1vCw==, figureFileBig=HrQL/Fiy9brn2i/uDa7QGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070558089048264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图7, caption=自动驾驶深度强化学习框架, figureFileSmall=+LruuVIBcin2BWC62E1vCw==, figureFileBig=HrQL/Fiy9brn2i/uDa7QGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070558193905868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nCk8koDyekCdqK9hTFQYfQ==, figureFileBig=5kvDeEmfQ2enCo+VA5K0xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070558340706511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RNN计算结构, figureFileSmall=nCk8koDyekCdqK9hTFQYfQ==, figureFileBig=5kvDeEmfQ2enCo+VA5K0xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070558445564117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ka+1rB+qGvLRDhS/OaVJHQ==, figureFileBig=2bA2b93rNIh9Ye8tpDWhqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070558558810330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=图9, caption=多传感器融合控制, figureFileSmall=ka+1rB+qGvLRDhS/OaVJHQ==, figureFileBig=2bA2b93rNIh9Ye8tpDWhqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070558693028060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制
方法
优点 缺点
经典控制方法 简单、易于实现和调试 应对非线性和复杂的横向控制任务时可能表现不佳
模型预测控制 能够处理系统的不确定性和约束;具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性 计算复杂度较高,实际应用可能受限
滑模控制 具有较好的鲁棒性 设计过程较为复杂;存在抖振问题
端到端学习 可以自动学习从输入数据到控制输出的复杂映射;无需手动设计特征提取器和控制器 受训练数据质量、模型可解释性和实时性等挑战的影响
深度强化学习 可以学习最优的控制策略以实现高精度的车道保持和车道变更;可以实现自适应巡航控制 受到训练数据质量、模型可解释性和实时性等挑战的影响
循环神经网络 可以用于学习车辆的运动模型和控制策略,以实现更稳定、精确的控制 受到计算复杂度和实时性等挑战的影响
多传感器融合 可以提高系统的鲁棒性、准确性和稳定性;可以在不同光照条件和天气条件下保持较高的性能 面临数据对齐、融合策略设计和计算复杂度等挑战
), ArticleFig(id=1200070558793691358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070549088072225, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

自动驾驶横向控制方法的优缺点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制
方法
优点 缺点
经典控制方法 简单、易于实现和调试 应对非线性和复杂的横向控制任务时可能表现不佳
模型预测控制 能够处理系统的不确定性和约束;具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性 计算复杂度较高,实际应用可能受限
滑模控制 具有较好的鲁棒性 设计过程较为复杂;存在抖振问题
端到端学习 可以自动学习从输入数据到控制输出的复杂映射;无需手动设计特征提取器和控制器 受训练数据质量、模型可解释性和实时性等挑战的影响
深度强化学习 可以学习最优的控制策略以实现高精度的车道保持和车道变更;可以实现自适应巡航控制 受到训练数据质量、模型可解释性和实时性等挑战的影响
循环神经网络 可以用于学习车辆的运动模型和控制策略,以实现更稳定、精确的控制 受到计算复杂度和实时性等挑战的影响
多传感器融合 可以提高系统的鲁棒性、准确性和稳定性;可以在不同光照条件和天气条件下保持较高的性能 面临数据对齐、融合策略设计和计算复杂度等挑战
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189918244568731652, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车工程师, nameEn=Automotive Engineer, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1674-6546, eissn=null, cn=22-1432/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=+bJsKkKt/pjz9u6EwhnksQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761628217121, updatedTime=1761735708780, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=+bJsKkKt/pjz9u6EwhnksQ==, picEn=O3Sn3tnYYrh/jm6emnnMWA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369097415233706, language=CN, name=汽车工程师, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735708812, updatedTime=1761735708812, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369097553645739, language=EN, name=Automotive Engineer, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735708845, updatedTime=1761735708845, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189918454225211397, websiteList=[Website(id=1189918982430847716, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189918454225211397, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761628393037, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761628422913, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车工程师-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车工程师, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189919800185917791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761628588005, updateTime=1761628588005, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800164946268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761628588000, updateTime=1761628588000, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800211083618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761628588011, updateTime=1761628588011, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800156557659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/CN/file/pic?fileId=yiZ96RYoYcnGnRMuWdmkWA==, createTime=1761628587998, updateTime=1761628587998, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800223666532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761628588014, updateTime=1761628588014, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800181723486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761628588004, updateTime=1761628588004, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800215277923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761628588012, updateTime=1761628588012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800173334877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761628588002, updateTime=1761628588002, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800194306400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761628588007, updateTime=1761628588007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919800202695009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982430847716, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761628588009, updateTime=1761628588009, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189918982527316711, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189918454225211397, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761628393061, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761628543075, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车工程师-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Engineer, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189919837561352952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761628596916, updateTime=1761628596916, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837540381429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761628596911, updateTime=1761628596911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837582324475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761628596921, updateTime=1761628596921, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837527798516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/EN/file/pic?fileId=yiZ96RYoYcnGnRMuWdmkWA==, createTime=1761628596908, updateTime=1761628596908, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837594907389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761628596924, updateTime=1761628596924, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837557158647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761628596915, updateTime=1761628596915, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837586518780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761628596922, updateTime=1761628596922, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837548770038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761628596913, updateTime=1761628596913, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837569741561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761628596918, updateTime=1761628596918, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189919837573935866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189918982527316711, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761628596919, updateTime=1761628596919, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车工程师, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://tjqc.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Engineer, journalPhotoCn=+bJsKkKt/pjz9u6EwhnksQ==, journalPhotoEn=O3Sn3tnYYrh/jm6emnnMWA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/CN/10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/EN/10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/CN/PDF/10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/EN/PDF/10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法研究综述*
收藏切换
PDF下载
郑川 , 杜煜 , 刘子健
汽车工程师 | 智能汽车运动控制与先进控制算法专题 2024,(5): 1-10
收起
收藏切换
汽车工程师 | 智能汽车运动控制与先进控制算法专题 2024, (5): 1-10
自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法研究综述*
全屏
郑川, 杜煜 , 刘子健
作者信息
  • 北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101

通讯作者:

杜煜(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为通信网联服务质量、智能驾驶相关技术等,
A Survey of Lateral Control Methods for Autonomous Vehicles
Chuan Zheng, Yu Du , Zijian Liu
Affiliations
  • Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101
出版时间: 2024-05-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152
文章导航
收藏切换

为实现精确、稳定的横向控制,提高车辆自主行驶的安全性和保障乘坐舒适性,综述了近年来自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法的最新进展,包括经典控制方法和基于深度学习的方法,讨论了各类方法的性能特点及在应用中的优缺点,并针对自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法的发展趋势进行了展望。

自动驾驶汽车  /  横向控制  /  经典控制方法  /  深度学习  /  多传感器融合

In order to achieve accurate and stable lateral control, and improve the safety of vehicle autonomous driving and ensure the comfort of passengers’ experience, this paper reviewed the latest progress of lateral control methods for autonomous vehicle in recent years, including classical control methods and deep learning based methods, discussed the performance characteristics of these methods and their advantages and disadvantages in application, and prospected the development trend of lateral control methods for autonomous vehicle.

Autonomous driving  /  Lateral control  /  Classical control method  /  Deep Learning  /  Multi-sensor fusion
郑川, 杜煜, 刘子健. 自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法研究综述*. 汽车工程师, 2024 , (5) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152
Chuan Zheng, Yu Du, Zijian Liu. A Survey of Lateral Control Methods for Autonomous Vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2024 , (5) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152
随着计算能力的提高和传感器技术的发展,自动驾驶汽车在实现高精度定位、环境感知和智能决策方面取得了显著进展。然而,为了实现完全自动驾驶,汽车需要在复杂的道路环境和多样化的驾驶任务中表现出高度的自主性和适应性。自动驾驶横向控制作为自动驾驶系统的关键部分,具有提高驾驶安全性、减轻驾驶员疲劳、提高乘坐舒适性等功能,有助于提高道路通行效率、降低交通事故风险,并在自动泊车、车队协同等方面发挥重要作用。
为实现车道保持、车道变更和紧急避障等功能,横向控制需要克服复杂道路环境、不确定性工况和噪声等挑战。近年来,针对横向控制的研究受到越来越多的关注,在前人的工作基础上,本文对自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法的最新进展进行综述,包括经典控制方法和基于深度学习的方法,并讨论相关方法的优缺点和未来发展趋势。
自动驾驶横向控制方法的研究始于20世纪80年代。在早期阶段,研究者主要关注传统的控制方法,如比例-积分-微分(PID)控制[1]和模糊控制[2]。这些方法在自动驾驶横向控制中取得了一定的成果,奠定了自动驾驶控制系统的基础。
进入21世纪,随着计算能力的提高和传感器技术的发展,自动驾驶横向控制方法开始涉及更复杂的算法。预瞄控制[3]、滑模控制[4]和神经网络控制[5]等方法逐渐成为研究热点。
预瞄控制(Preview Control)常用于自动驾驶系统,其基本思想是通过预测车辆的未来轨迹,确定当前时刻的控制指令。它利用车辆模型和环境信息,通过计算车辆在未来一段时间内的轨迹,来规划和生成控制指令。这种控制方法可以考虑到车辆动力学和运动约束,提供较好的轨迹跟踪性能。
近年来,深度学习[6]、强化学习[7]和模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)[8]等先进的控制方法在自动驾驶横向控制领域取得了显著进展。这些方法通过大量数据和复杂的算法来实现高度自适应和智能化的横向控制。尤其是深度学习和强化学习方法,可以从大量的驾驶数据中学习控制策略,提高控制性能和泛化能力。与此同时,MPC在处理系统的不确定性和约束方面具有优势,为自动驾驶横向控制任务提供了更精确的实时解决方案。
随着驾驶场景的多样化发展和交通场景控制难度的提高,研究人员逐渐意识到单一的控制策略很难满足各种驾驶场景的需求。因此,混合控制方法[9]应运而生。这些方法通常将不同类型的控制算法相结合,以充分发挥各自的优势,如:将模糊控制与神经网络控制相结合[10],可以提高系统的鲁棒性和自适应性;将深度学习与MPC相结合[11],可以实现更精确的实时横向控制;将纯跟踪(Pure Pursuit)算法与斯坦利(Stanley)算法相结合,可大幅提升跟踪平滑性[12]
经典控制方法在自动驾驶汽车横向控制领域广泛应用。这些方法具有简单、易于实现的优点,但在复杂场景中可能表现出较低的适应性。
图1所示的PID控制器是一种常见的经典控制方法,其中,r为参考输入或期望值,e为误差信号,Kp为比例增益,Tds为导数时间常数,Tis为积分时间常数。该控制器的输出控制信号是误差项的比例、积分和微分3个部分加权结果的加和。在自动驾驶汽车横向控制中,PID控制器可以根据车辆与期望轨迹间的偏差来调整转向盘转角。PID控制器的主要优点是简单、易于实现,但其性能会受到系统参数变化、非线性和不确定性的影响[13]
针对PID控制存在的问题,研究人员提出了多种改进方法,最常见的改进方法为模糊PID控制[14]和自适应PID控制[15]。其中模糊PID控制结合了模糊逻辑控制与传统PID控制的优点,能够有效解决非线性和时变问题。模糊PID控制通过模糊逻辑对PID参数进行在线调整,以适应系统的动态变化。其不足之处是需要设计合适的模糊控制规则,且计算复杂度较高,可能导致系统响应速度降低。自适应PID控制是一种在线调整PID参数的方法,它通过实时监测系统的误差和性能来自动调整控制参数,使系统在不同工况下保持良好的控制性能。其不足之处为算法实现相对复杂,可能导致计算负担加重,以及自适应调整可能引入不稳定性,需要仔细设计以确保系统稳定性。
图2所示,模糊逻辑控制器是一种基于模糊集合论和模糊推理的控制方法,可以处理不确定性和模糊性问题。模糊逻辑控制器通过将输入变量(如车辆与期望轨迹的偏差和车速)映射到输出变量(如转向盘转角)来生成控制信号[16]。模糊逻辑控制器的优点是对系统参数变化和非线性具有较好的鲁棒性,但其性能可能受到规则库设计和推理机制的影响[17]
针对模糊控制存在的问题,研究人员提出了多种改进方法。其中最常见的方法为模糊神经网络控制[18]和模型预测控制[19-20]。其中,模糊神经网络控制结合了模糊控制和神经网络的优点,能够更好地应对非线性和时变问题。模糊神经网络控制通过训练神经网络来自动调整模糊控制规则和参数,以适应系统的动态变化。其缺点为计算复杂度较高,可能导致系统响应速度降低,且需要大量的训练数据和合适的训练方法以实现有效控制。MPC是一种基于优化的控制策略,它利用系统模型预测未来一段时间内的系统行为,并根据预测结果计算最优控制输入。MPC可以处理多输入多输出问题,同时考虑系统约束和非线性特性。其缺点是计算复杂度较高,对实时性要求较高的系统可能存在响应速度问题,同时,需要准确的系统模型。
遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)是一种启发式搜索和优化算法,它模拟了自然界中的生物进化过程,可用于自动驾驶横向控制中的参数优化或策略优化,以实现更好的控制结果。
遗传算法可对控制器参数进行优化,通过对不同参数组合的个体进行遗传操作(如选择、交叉和变异),逐代搜索出最优参数组合。除控制器参数外,遗传算法还可用于优化控制策略。例如,在特定的驾驶场景下,可以通过遗传算法搜索最佳的路径规划策略或车道保持策略,以实现更安全和高效的横向控制。
图3所示,遗传算法的基本步骤包括:
a. 初始化种群。随机生成一组初始个体,代表参数或策略的不同组合。
b. 适应度评估。对每个个体应用横向控制算法,并评估其性能,通常使用目标函数或评估指标来度量控制结果的优劣。
c. 选择操作。根据适应度评估结果,选择较优秀的个体作为下一代的父代。
d. 交叉操作。对选定的父代个体进行交叉操作,生成子代个体,将父代的某些特征组合起来。
e. 变异操作。对子代个体进行变异操作,引入随机性,增加种群的多样性。
f. 重复步骤b~步骤e,直到满足终止准则,如达到最大迭代次数或达到期望的优化目标。
通过迭代进化的过程,遗传算法能够搜索出较优的控制参数或策略,其优点包括:全局搜索能力强,利用种群的多样性和全局搜索能力,可以在复杂的搜索空间中找到全局最优解;并行性,可以轻松应用并行计算,加速搜索过程;适应性强,适用于不规则、非线性和高度动态的问题;对于大规模问题有效,相对于一些传统优化算法,在处理大规模问题时表现较好。
遗传算法的缺点在于,收敛速度相对较慢、参数选择敏感、不能保证全局最优解,以及对于某些问题,特别是具有明显结构的问题的有效性不如其他优化方法。
针对多目标优化问题,研究者提出了许多改进的多目标遗传算法,如多目标粒子群算法等,也有研究人员尝试将遗传算法与其他优化算法相结合,形成混合算法,以提高性能。针对参数选择敏感的问题,自适应遗传算法的研究受到了关注,可通过动态调整参数来提高算法性能。同时,随着算力的提升,研究者对并行遗传算法的研究也在不断深入。
近年来,基于深度学习的横向控制方法在自动驾驶汽车领域取得了显著的进展。这些方法利用深度学习技术,如卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)、循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network,RNN)和深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning,DRL),实现更高效、准确和鲁棒的车辆横向控制。
MPC的框架主要包括系统模型、优化目标和约束条件。有文献[21-23]对MPC进行了改进,提出了一些新的优化算法和约束条件处理方法,使MPC方法在实际应用中更加实用和有效。
文献[21]在面对车辆路径跟踪MPC的动力学非线性问题和实时性要求时,引入了基于非线性预测和沿轨迹线性化的模型预测控制算法(Model Predictive Control algorithm with Nonlinear Prediction and Linearization along the Trajectory,MPC-NPLT)。该方法展现出良好的实时性,可显著改善在较低附着系数路面上的路径跟踪能力。此外,文献[22]提出了一种改进的基于MPC的横向控制方法,该方法考虑了路面摩擦因数的影响,以更好地适应不同路况下的横向控制需求。文献[23]提出了一种基于自适应双时域参数MPC的路径规划和跟踪控制方法,该方法能够自动调节MPC的参数以适应不同的控制需求和环境变化。最后,文献[24]针对车辆纵、横向跟踪的强耦合、非线性特性,设计了基于自适应MPC理论的轨迹跟踪控制器,获得了良好的时效性。
图4所示,融合深度学习技术和MPC被认为可以提高车辆横向控制的性能和鲁棒性。深度学习可用于学习车辆模型、环境模型和控制策略等方面,从而提供更准确的预测和控制。以下是几种常见的融合方法:
a. 数据采集和训练。收集车辆在各种不同驾驶场景下的数据,包括传感器数据、车辆状态和控制指令,用于训练深度学习模型,如神经网络,以学习车辆的动力学模型、环境模型和驾驶策略。
b. 深度学习模型与MPC的融合。在MPC中,深度学习模型可以用于预测车辆的未来状态和环境的变化,这些预测信息可以作为MPC的输入,用于生成优化控制指令序列。
c. 优化控制指令序列。MPC利用车辆模型和环境模型,考虑车辆动力学、约束条件和期望的行为,通过优化算法(如数值优化或模型预测)生成一系列最优的控制指令。
d. 实施控制指令。根据MPC生成的控制指令序列,车辆的执行单元(如电动机和转向系统)将相应地调整车辆的横向运动,实现精确的横向控制。
通过深度学习和MPC的融合,可以利用深度学习模型对复杂的驾驶场景进行建模和预测,并通过MPC的优化能力生成高质量的控制指令。
总体而言,基于MPC的自动驾驶横向控制方法在处理多输入多输出问题、考虑系统约束和非线性特性方面具有一定优势。然而,其计算复杂度较高、对实时性要求高以及依赖准确系统模型等问题仍需解决。随着深度学习和强化学习等技术的不断发展,未来的自动驾驶横向控制方法有望更加智能、自适应和实用。这些方法可以在一定程度上处理系统的不确定性和约束,具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性。然而,MPC的计算复杂度较高,可能限制其在实际应用中的推广。
图5所示,滑模控制(Sliding Mode Control,SMC)是一种基于滑模变结构控制理论的非线性控制方法,它通过设计滑模面和控制律实现系统状态的快速、稳定收敛,其中,s为系统的滑模变量,x1x2分别为两个状态变量。在自动驾驶汽车横向控制中,滑模控制器可以根据车辆与期望轨迹之间的偏差和速度来调整转向盘转角[25-26]。SMC的优点是对系统参数变化和外部干扰具有较好的鲁棒性,但其性能可能受到抖振现象和滑模面设计的影响。
SMC包括滑模面的设计和滑模控制律的求解。文献[27]利用车辆的动态模型和改进的滑模控制算法,在给定路径上控制车辆的轨迹跟踪,实现了良好的鲁棒性和精度。文献[28]利用非线性模型预测控制器和滑模控制器实现车辆在复杂道路上的横向运动鲁棒控制,在轨迹跟踪精度和鲁棒性方面表现良好。文献[29]利用模型预测控制算法实现路径跟踪控制,提高了自动驾驶的稳定性。文献[30]结合运动学模型和模型预测控制算法,实现了高速路径跟踪,在轨迹跟踪精度和鲁棒性方面表现良好。文献[31]利用深度神经网络学习车辆动力学和模型预测控制算法,获得了良好的轨迹跟踪精度和鲁棒性表现。
上述方法通过设计滑模面和滑模控制律,使得系统状态能够在滑模面上滑动,实现鲁棒的横向控制。然而,滑模控制的设计过程较为复杂,且存在着抖振问题。
图6所示,端到端学习方法直接从原始传感器数据(如摄像头图像)映射到控制指令(如转向盘转角)。卷积神经网络通常用于提取图像特征并生成控制指令。这种方法的优势在于可以自动学习从输入数据到控制输出的复杂映射,无需手动设计特征提取器和控制器。但是,端到端学习也可能受到训练数据质量、模型可解释性和实时性等挑战的影响。
文献[32]使用深度神经网络实现了从输入图像到输出车辆操控命令的端到端学习。文献[33]利用多状态的信息进行端到端学习,提高了横向控制的准确性和鲁棒性。文献[34]介绍了一种基于端到端学习的自动驾驶框架,并在全尺寸自动驾驶车辆上进行了试验。文献[35]提出了一种基于数据驱动的人类驾驶员横向控制模型,实现了自动驾驶车辆的横向控制。
深度强化学习是一种结合了深度学习和强化学习的方法,通过训练智能体与环境交互并学习最佳行动策略。在自动驾驶汽车的横向控制中,DRL可以用于学习最优控制策略以实现高精度的车道保持和车道变更,如图7所示。其中:τ=[x1,x2,…,xT]为一系列状态或观察值,其中xi可以是位置、速度、角度等各种传感器读数;uT=[u1,u2,…,uT]为控制信号的序列,ui可以是速度、转向角、加速度等控制输入。
文献[36]使用深度神经网络和强化学习算法实现了车辆操控决策的学习和优化,以提高自动驾驶车辆的控制性能。文献[37]介绍了对抗深度强化学习在自动驾驶汽车保护方面的应用。该方法使用深度强化学习算法实现对抗性攻击检测和防御,以提高自动驾驶汽车的安全性。文献[38]使用强化学习算法学习车辆的轨迹控制策略,以实现更加精确和鲁棒的横向控制。文献[39]使用强化学习算法学习自动驾驶车辆的横向控制策略,并实现容错控制,以应对不良道路条件和系统故障等异常情况。文献[40]使用强化学习和深度学习算法学习车辆横向控制策略,并利用试验验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。文献[41]提出了一种基于深度强化学习的汽车自动紧急制动策略,该策略具有很好的收敛性,在满足中国新车评价规程(China-New Car Assessment Program,C-NCAP)的直道行驶安全性要求的同时,提高了紧急制动时的乘坐舒适性,且实现了汽车弯道行驶的自动紧急制动,提高了弯道行驶安全性。
深度强化学习方法从大量实际场景数据中学习车辆控制决策,可以提高自动驾驶车辆的控制性能和安全性。其中,一些文献还尝试了对抗性攻击检测和横向容错控制等相关应用。这些研究成果为实现更加智能和安全的自动驾驶车辆控制提供了新思路和方法。
深度强化学习在自动驾驶控制领域中的应用方向主要包括车道保持、车道变更、横向控制、障碍物检测和避障、跟车行驶。
循环神经网络具有处理时序数据的能力,因此可以用于处理车辆动态信息和历史状态。在横向控制中,RNN可以用于学习车辆的运动模型和控制策略,如图8所示,以实现更稳定、精确的控制。其中:s为状态(通常表示为隐藏状态),在RNN中传递信息;o为输出,即RNN每个时间步的输出;x为输入,即RNN接收的序列数据中的一个元素;WUV为权重矩阵,分别用于输入到状态、状态到状态、状态到输出的转换。左边的箭头表示随时间向前传播的状态和输出。右边的方框表示RNN单元的展开,将序列数据的每个时间步映射为一个RNN单元,以便处理序列数据。长短时记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络是一种常见的RNN结构,可以有效解决梯度消失和梯度爆炸问题,提高学习效果。
文献[42]提出了一种基于动态反演和LSTM网络的自适应无人机机动控制系统。该方法结合了传统的动态反演控制方法和深度学习算法,以实现更加准确和鲁棒的无人机机动控制。文献[38]使用深度学习算法学习驾驶员的行为模式,并将预测结果用于自动驾驶车辆的纵向控制,以提高车辆的安全性和驾驶体验。文献[43]、文献[44]介绍了一种基于驾驶员切入行为预测的自动驾驶车辆轨迹跟踪控制方法。该方法使用机器学习算法对驾驶员的行为进行预测,并根据预测结果进行自动驾驶车辆的轨迹跟踪控制,以实现更加智能和人性化的自动驾驶体验。
然而,RNN在自动驾驶汽车横向控制中的应用仍受到计算复杂度和实时性等挑战的影响。尽管如此,RNN在自适应横向控制策略中仍具有潜力。研究人员已经探索了多种技术,如神经网络架构优化、计算加速和动态权重调整等,使RNN在自动驾驶汽车的横向控制中实现更高的性能和实时性。
多传感器融合是一种结合多种传感器数据以提高感知和控制性能的技术。在自动驾驶汽车的横向控制中,多传感器融合可以有效提高系统的鲁棒性、准确性和稳定性。常见的传感器包括摄像头、激光雷达、雷达和全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)等。多传感器融合方法可以分为数据层融合、特征层融合和决策层融合。数据层融合是指在原始数据层面进行融合,如将摄像头图像和激光雷达点云进行融合。特征层融合是指在特征提取之后进行融合,如将不同传感器提取的特征向量进行融合。决策层融合是指在控制策略生成后进行融合,如将多个控制器的输出进行融合以生成最终控制信号,如图9所示。
文献[45]提出了一种基于多传感器融合的环境识别方法,该方法利用多个传感器(如摄像头、雷达、激光雷达等)的数据进行综合分析,实现对车辆周围环境的准确感知,以支持自动驾驶车辆的决策和控制。文献[46]使用车辆的多种传感器数据,结合李雅普诺夫稳定性理论进行分析,提高了路面摩擦因数的估计准确性,以支持自动驾驶车辆在不同路面状况下的控制。文献[47]探讨了城市环境下的多传感器融合定位与地图构建方法,该方法利用多个传感器(如GPS、IMU、激光雷达等)的数据进行综合分析,实现对车辆在城市环境中的精确定位和地图构建。文献[48]提出了一种基于多模态传感器融合的深度神经网络方法,实现了对环境的全面理解和对自动驾驶车辆的精准控制。
通过多传感器融合,自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法可以实现更高的性能和更强的鲁棒性。然而,多传感器融合仍然面临着数据对齐、融合策略设计和计算复杂度等挑战。为了克服这些挑战,研究者们已经开发了多种融合算法和优化技术,如卡尔曼滤波器、粒子滤波器和神经网络融合等。
本文综述了自动驾驶汽车横向控制方法的最新进展。各种横向控制方法各具优缺点,如表1所示。
尽管当前的横向控制方法已经取得了显著的进展,但仍然面临着一些挑战和问题,未来的研究可能会聚焦于以下几个方向。
由于道路和交通条件存在多样性和不确定性,横向控制方法需要具备良好的适应性和在线学习能力。一种可能的研究方向是开发能够实时调整控制策略和参数的算法,以适应环境变化。此外,在线学习和增量学习方法也可以用于实时更新模型和策略,以提高控制性能。
多任务学习是一种训练模型同时解决多个任务的方法,可以提高模型的泛化能力和性能。在自动驾驶汽车横向控制中,多任务学习可以用于同时学习车道保持、车道变更和紧急避障等任务。此外,迁移学习方法可以用于将已有的控制策略应用于新的场景和环境,从而降低训练成本和提高泛化性能。
随着深度学习方法在横向控制中的广泛应用,模型可解释性和安全性成为了重要的研究课题。为提高模型的可解释性,可以探索新的神经网络结构和可视化技术,以便更好地理解模型的内部机制和决策过程。在安全性方面,可以研究故障检测和容错控制方法,以确保横向控制系统在异常情况下仍能保持稳定和可靠的性能。
在未来的智能交通系统中,自动驾驶汽车可能需要与其他车辆和基础设施进行协同控制,以实现更高效和安全的道路运输。可以探讨车辆间通信和车路协同技术,以实现多车横向控制的协同和优化。此外,基于车联网和大数据的交通预测方法也可以用于提高横向控制的前瞻性和准确性。
综上所述,自动驾驶汽车横向控制领域仍然面临许多挑战和机遇。未来的研究工作需要不断探索新的理论、方法和技术,以应对不断变化的道路和交通条件,提高自动驾驶汽车的控制性能和安全性。在实践中,应关注实际应用场景的需求和限制,努力推动理论研究与工程应用的紧密结合,为自动驾驶汽车的广泛商业化和社会普及奠定坚实的基础。
  • *北京市朝阳区科技局“智能配送物流机器人协同创新中心”项目
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张海亮, 张娟萍, 池荣虎. 汽车智能自动驾驶的PID控制方法研究[J]. 时代汽车, 2020(21): 33-34+37.
ZHANG H L, ZHANG J P, CHI R H. Research on PID Control Methods for Intelligent Autonomous Driving of Automobiles[J]. Time Automotive, 2020(21): 33-34+37.
[2]
马军, 贺岩松, 李兴泉, 等. 汽车驾驶员自适应模糊PID控制模型[J]. 机械与电子, 2007(2): 35-38.
MA J, HE Y S, LI X Q, et al. Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control Model for Automobile Drivers[J]. Machinery & Electronics, 2007(2): 35-38.
[3]
罗峰, 曾侠. 基于多点预瞄的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪算法[J]. 机电一体化, 2018, 24(6): 17-22+40.
LUO F, ZENG X. Trajectory Tracking Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Vehicles Based on Multi-Point Preview[J]. Mechatronics, 2018, 24(6): 17-22+40.
[4]
陈涛, 陈东. 基于神经网络滑模的智能车辆横向控制[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2017, 36(5): 63-67
CHEN T, CHEN D. Intelligent Vehicle Lateral Control Based on Neural Network Sliding Mode[J]. Sensors and Microsystems, 2017, 36(5): 63-67.
[5]
李升波, 关阳, 侯廉, 等. 深度神经网络的关键技术及其在自动驾驶领域的应用[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2019, 10(2): 119-145.
LI S B, GUAN Y, HOU L, et al. Key Technologies of Deep Neural Networks and Their Applications in the Field of Autonomous Driving[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2019, 10(2): 119-145.
[6]
高扬, 陈士伟, 刘进渊, 等. 基于深度学习的无人驾驶汽车车道跟随方法[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(3): 14-20.
GAO Y, CHEN S W, LIU J Y, et al. Lane Following Method for Autonomous Driving Vehicles Based on Deep Learning[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(3): 14-20.
[7]
SUN H W, CHEN H, SONG S Y. A Motion Planning Method Based on Reinforcement Learning for Automatic Parallel Parking in Small Slot[J]. Automobile Technology, 2021(9): 17-26.
[8]
段敏, 孙小松, 张博涵. 基于模型预测控制与离散线性二次型调节器的智能车横纵解耦跟踪控制[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(8): 38-46.
DUAN M, SUN X S, ZHANG B H. Intelligent Vehicle Decoupled Lateral and Longitudinal Tracking Control Based on Model Predictive Control and Discrete Linear Quadratic Regulator[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(8): 38-46.
[9]
HOSSAIN T, HABIBULLAH H, ISLAM R. Steering and Speed Control System Design for Autonomous Vehicles by Developing an Optimal Hybrid Controller to Track Reference Trajectory[J]. Machines, 2022, 10(6): 420-425.
[10]
AWAD N, LASHEEN A, ELNAGGAR M, et al. Model Predictive Control with Fuzzy Logic Switching for Path Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles[J]. ISA Transactions, 2022, 129: 193-205.
[11]
NOROUZI A, HEIDARIFAR H, BORHAN H, et al. Integrating Machine Learning and Model Predictive Control for Automotive Applications: A Review and Future Directions[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2023, 120.
[12]
王鑫, 凌铭, 饶启鹏, 等. 基于改进Stanley算法的无人车路径跟踪融合算法研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(7): 25-31.
WANG X, LING M, RAO Q P, et al. Research on Unmanned Vehicle Path Tracking Fusion Algorithm Based on Improved Stanley Algorithm[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(7): 25-31.
[13]
PÉREZ J, MILANÉS V, ONIEVA E. Cascade Architecture for Lateral Control in Autonomous Vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2011, 12(1): 73-82.
[14]
武余利, 张心奕, 尹中亚, 等. 基于模糊PID控制的车辆横向预瞄驾驶员模型[J]. 机械工程与自动化, 2022, 230(1): 38-40+43.
WU Y L, ZHANG X Y, YIN Z Y, et al. Vehicle Lateral Preview Driver Model Based on Fuzzy PID Control[J]. Mechanical Engineering and Automation, 2022, 230(1): 38-40+43.
[15]
狄桓宇, 张亚辉, 王博, 等. 自动驾驶横向控制模型及方法研究综述[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2021, 35(7): 71-81.
DI H Y, ZHANG Y H, WANG B, et al. A Review of Lateral Control Models and Methods for Autonomous Driving. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), 2021, 35(7): 71-81.
[16]
SHEN H M, WANG W J. A T-S Fuzzy Logic Design to Lateral Control of Autonomous Vehicle[C]// International Conference on Mechanic Automation & Control Engineering. Wuhan, China: IEEE, 2010.
[17]
邵毅明, 陈亚伟. 自动驾驶汽车横向模糊控制器设计[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 38(7): 7-13.
SHAO Y M, CHEN Y W. Design of a Lateral Fuzzy Controller for Autonomous Vehicles[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2019, 38(7): 7-13.
[18]
王嘉文, 胡晨曦, 李少波. 基于广义动态模糊神经网络的自动驾驶换道策略优化方法[J]. 系统工程, 2022, 40(6): 113-120.
WANG J W, HU C X, LI S B. Optimization Method of Lane Changing Strategy for Autonomous Driving Based on Generalized Dynamic Fuzzy Neural Network[J]. Systems Engineering, 2022, 40(6): 113-120.
[19]
赵颖, 俞庭, 张琪, 等. 路径跟踪控制算法仿真分析与试验验证[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(7): 15-24.
ZHAO Y, YU T, ZHANG Q, et al. Simulation Analysis and Experimental Validation of Path Tracking Control Algorithms[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(7): 15-24.
[20]
王开峰. 基于MPC的自动驾驶汽车横向控制算法研究[J]. 无线互联科技, 2022, 19(24): 34-36.
WANG K F. Research on Lateral Control Algorithms for Autonomous Driving Based on MPC[J]. Wireless Internet Technology, 2022, 19(24): 34-36.
[21]
张睿, 谢正超, 赵晶, 等. 基于非线性预测和沿轨迹线性化MPC的车辆路径跟踪控制方法[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(3): 28-34.
ZHANG R, XIE Z C, ZHAO J, et al. Vehicle Path Tracking Control Method Based on Nonlinear Prediction and Along-Track Linearization MPC[J]. Automotive Technology, 2022(3): 28-34.
[22]
杨大磊, 付伯轩, 付行. 基于模型预测控制的自动驾驶车辆横纵向协调控制[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2019(11): 20-22.
YANG D L, FU B X, FU X. Coordinated Control of Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Model Predictive Control[J]. Practical Technology of Automobiles, 2019(11): 20-22.
[23]
李耀华, 范吉康, 刘洋, 等. 自适应双时域参数MPC的智能车辆路径规划与跟踪控制[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 528-539.
LI Y H, FAN J K, LIU Y, et al. Intelligent Vehicle Path Planning and Tracking Control with Adaptive Dual-Time Domain Parameters MPC[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(4): 528-539.
[24]
路宏广, 聂小芮, 顾凯峰. 基于自适应模型预测的智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制研究[J]. 汽车文摘, 2021(2): 51-56.
LU H G, NIE X R, GU K F. Research on Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Adaptive Model Predictive Control[J]. Automotive Digest, 2021(2): 51-56.
[25]
ROKONUZZAMAN M, MOHAJER N, NAHAVANDI S, et al. Learning-Based Model Predictive Control for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Vehicle[C]// 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). Toronto, ON, Canada: IEEE, 2020.
[26]
NOROUZI A, MASOUMI M, BARARI A, et al. Lateral Control of an Autonomous Vehicle Using Integrated Backstepping and Sliding Mode Controller[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, 2019, 233(1): 141-151.
[27]
李磊, 李军, 张世义. 搭载改进滑模控制的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪控制[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 503-510.
LI L, LI J, ZHANG S Y. Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles Equipped with Improved Sliding Mode Control[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2020, 11(4): 503-510.
[28]
高秀晶, 陶林君, 黄红武, 等. 复杂道路下自动驾驶车辆的横向运动鲁棒控制策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 454-461.
GAO X J, TAO L J, HUANG H W, et al. Robust Control Strategy for Lateral Motion of Autonomous Vehicles on Complex Roads[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2020, 11(4): 454-461.
[29]
曹轩豪. 自动驾驶汽车跟驰换道运动控制与决策规划研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022.
CAO X H. Research on Motion Control and Decision Planning for Autonomous Vehicles’ Car-Following and Lane Changing[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2022.
[30]
TANG L Q, YAN F W, ZOU B, et al. An Improved Kinematic Model Predictive Control for High-Speed Path Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 51400-51413.
[31]
吴皓, 刘淼. 车辆悬架系统的神经网络控制算法[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2022, 60(8): 112-114+129.
WU H, LIU M. Neural Network Control Algorithm for Vehicle Suspension System[J]. Agricultural Equipment and Vehicle Engineering, 2022, 60(8): 112-114+129.
[32]
FERENCZ C, ZOELDY M. End-to-End Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control with Deep Learning[C]// 12th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications. Budapest, Hungary: IEEE, 2021.
[33]
MENTASTI S, BERSANI M, MATTEUCCI M, et al. Multi-State End-to-End Learning for Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control[C]// 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT Automotive). Turin, Italy: IEEE, 2020.
[34]
JUNG C Y, SEONG H K, SHIM H C. Development of the End-to-End Learning Based Autonomous Driving Framework and Experiments on a Full-Scale Autonomous Vehicle[J]. Journal of Institute of Control, 2020, 26(5): 342-347.
[35]
OKAMOTO K, TSIOTRAS P. Data-Driven Human Driver Lateral Control Models for Developing Haptic-Shared Control Advanced Driver Assist Systems[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2019, 114: 155-171.
[36]
王丙琛, 司怀伟, 谭国真. 基于深度强化学习的自动驾驶车控制算法研究[J]. 郑州大学学报(工学版), 2020, 41(4): 41-45+80.
WANG B C, SI H W, TAN G Z. Research on Autonomous Driving Control Algorithms Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2020, 41(4): 41-45+80.
[37]
FERDOWSI A, CHALLITA U, SAAD W, 等. 对抗深度强化学习为自动驾驶汽车保驾护航[J]. 机器人产业, 2018(3): 44-47.
FERDOWSI A, CHALLITA U, SAAD W, et al. Adversarial Deep Reinforcement Learning for Protecting Autonomous Vehicles[J]. Robotics Industry, 2018(3): 44-47.
[38]
WASALA A, BYRNE D, MIESBAUER P, et al. Trajectory Based Lateral Control: A Reinforcement Learning Case Study[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2020, 94(2).
[39]
LI Y, ZHANG H, WANG Z P. Data-Driven Lateral Fault-Tolerance Control of Autonomous Vehicle System Using Reinforcement Learning[C]// 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). Singapore: IEEE, 2020.
[40]
LI D, ZHAO D B, ZHANG Q C, et al. Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning Based Lateral Control for Autonomous Driving[EB/OL]. (2018-10-30) [2023-12-19]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.12778 https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.12778
[41]
黄舒伟, 何少炜, 金智林. 基于深度强化学习的汽车自动紧急制动策略[J]. 汽车技术, 2021(5): 9-15.
HUANG S W, HE S W, JIN Z L. Automobile Automatic Emergency Braking Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning[J]. Automotive Technology, 2021(5): 9-15.
[42]
SU C, WANG X, SHEN L, et al. Adaptive UAV Maneuvering Control System Based on Dynamic Inversion and Long-Short-Term Memory Network[C]// 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). Shanghai, China: IEEE, 2020.
[43]
LIN L, GONG S, PEETA S, et al. Long Short-Term Memory-Based Human-Driven Vehicle Longitudinal Trajectory Prediction in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2021, 2675(6): 380-390.
[44]
CHEN Y M, HU C, WANG J M. Human-Centered Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles with Driver Cut-in Behavior Prediction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(9): 8461-8471.
[45]
WEON I S, LEE S G. Environment Recognition Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving Vehicles[J]. Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, 2019, 25(2): 125-131.
[46]
GAO L T, XIONG L, LIN X F, et al. Multi-Sensor Fusion Road Friction Coefficient Estimation During Steering with Lyapunov Method[J]. Sensors, 2019, 19(18).
[47]
LI Q Q, QUERALTA J P, GIA T N, et al. Multi Sensor Fusion for Navigation and Mapping in Autonomous Vehicles: Accurate Localization in Urban Environments[J]. Unmanned Systems, 2021, 8(3): 229-237.
[48]
HUANG Z Y, LV C, XING Y, et al. Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion-Based Deep Neural Network for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Scene Understanding[J]. IEEE, 2021, 21(10): 11781-11790.
2024年第卷第5期
PDF下载
262
111
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-05-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 修回日期:2023-12-19
基金
*北京市朝阳区科技局“智能配送物流机器人协同创新中心”项目
作者信息
    北京联合大学, 北京市信息服务工程重点实验室, 北京 100101

通讯作者:

杜煜(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为通信网联服务质量、智能驾驶相关技术等,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcs/CN/10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230152
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏