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Article(id=1200070547351630168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070542012280879, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1675872000000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764048714721, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1707926400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764048714721, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764048714721, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764048714721, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200070542012280879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2024', volume='', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764048713448, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764049098801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200072158367019868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070542012280879, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200072158367019869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200070542012280879, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200070547607482739, articleId=1200070547351630168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Odor Analysis of Leather Material for Automobile, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The odor of four types of leather fabrics for vehicles was evaluated, and the odor substances were tested by Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Odor detector/Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC/OMS), and the sources of main odorants were further analyzed. The research shows that the odor substances of leather fabrics mainly come from the solvents, additives and related reaction products used in the processing, and part of them come from the volatilization of leather fabrics itself.

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对4款车用真皮面料的样品进行气味评价，同时采用热脱附-气相色谱-气味嗅辨仪/质谱法（TD-GC/OMS）对气味物质进行测试，分析其主要气味物质的来源。结果表明，真皮面料的气味物质主要来源于加工过程中使用的溶剂、添加剂及相关反应产物，部分源自真皮面料本身的挥发。

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Environmental Science, 2009, 30(4): 993-996., articleTitle=Research on Source Profile of Aerosol Organic Compounds in Leather Plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070555719266389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=373, pageEnd=377, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=唐婷, 王斌, journalName=2021中国汽车工程学会年会论文集, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐婷, 王斌. 车用真皮气味溯源和改善方法研究[C]// 2021中国汽车工程学会年会论文集. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2021: 373-377., articleTitle=车用真皮气味溯源和改善方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070555870261344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=373, pageEnd=377, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=TANG T, WANG B, journalName=Proceedings of the 2021 SAE-China Annual Conference, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG T, WANG B. 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Beijing: China Machine Press, 2021: 373-377., articleTitle=Study on the Odor Tracing and Improvement Method of Car Dermal Odor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070556033839206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=52, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=许双英, 陈思杭, journalName=汽车工艺与材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许双英, 陈思杭. 气相色谱-质谱/嗅辩在整车气味溯源中的应用研究[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2019(6): 52-58., articleTitle=气相色谱-质谱/嗅辩在整车气味溯源中的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070556142891119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=52, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=XU S Y, CHEN S H, journalName=Automobile Technology & Material, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU S Y, CHEN S H. 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Automobile Technology & Material, 2019(6): 52-58., articleTitle=Applied Research of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Olfactory Identification in Vehicle Odor Tracing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070556230971508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=43, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=张云娟, 李铭仪, 吴悠, journalName=汽车工艺与材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张云娟, 李铭仪, 吴悠, 等. 前壁板隔音件气味提升研究[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2020(7): 43-48., articleTitle=前壁板隔音件气味提升研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200070556348412030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=43, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ZHANG Y J, LI M Y, WU Y, journalName=Automobile Technology & Material, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y J, LI M Y, WU Y, et al. Research on Odor Improvement of Front Panel Sound Insulation Part[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2020(7): 43-48., articleTitle=Research on Odor Improvement of Front Panel Sound Insulation Part, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200070548828025343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070548832219648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, companyId=1200070548828025343, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Automotive Engineering Institute, Guangzhou 511434), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200070548836413953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, companyId=1200070548828025343, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院， 广州 511434)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200070551520768788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MHRB88syW0T9ojl4Uw4tzA==, figureFileBig=OAwJNezDv/M0klrt1TPKtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070551675958051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=图1, caption=真皮材料散发气体总离子色谱, figureFileSmall=MHRB88syW0T9ojl4Uw4tzA==, figureFileBig=OAwJNezDv/M0klrt1TPKtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070551931810619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wFv5Hd8ShrJUUF9AF+AwbQ==, figureFileBig=ZecVhtcVV3lhTnUc1RQ7GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070552045056838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=图2, caption=改善后真皮材料A散发气体总离子色谱, figureFileSmall=wFv5Hd8ShrJUUF9AF+AwbQ==, figureFileBig=ZecVhtcVV3lhTnUc1RQ7GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200070552158303060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 气味强度/级 气味类型
真皮A 3.5 皮革味、清香味、果香味
真皮B 3.4 皮革味、硫磺味、臭味、果香味
真皮C 3.7 皮革味、溶剂味、
真皮D 3.5 硫磺味、皮革味、清香味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070552267354975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

真皮材料气味类型和气味强度

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名称 气味强度/级 气味类型
真皮A 3.5 皮革味、清香味、果香味
真皮B 3.4 皮革味、硫磺味、臭味、果香味
真皮C 3.7 皮革味、溶剂味、
真皮D 3.5 硫磺味、皮革味、清香味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070552388989806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
乙酸乙酯 4.767 214.6 2.5 果香味 乙酸丁酯 11.789 83.6 2.5 果香味
正丁醇 5.868 15.8 2.5 酒味 乙苯 17.566 83.5 2.0 溶剂味
丙二醇甲醚 6.347 17.2 2.0 醚味 间/对二甲苯 24.313 475.6 3.0 溶剂味
戊醛 6.410 146.2 2.5 果香味 庚醛 26.491 243.5 3.0 果香味
2-乙基呋喃 7.169 51.4 3.0 焦糖味 2-正戊基呋喃 28.230 56.4 3.0 蔬菜味
乙酸丙酯 8.113 123.3 3.0 果香味 辛醛 21.018 31.9 3.0 果香味
甲苯 8.304 94.8 3.0 溶剂味 右旋萜二烯 22.251 23.1 2.0 花香味
己醛 10.578 197.5 3.5 青臭味 壬醛 24.497 124.4 3.5 花香味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070552552567677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

真皮A主要散发气味物质

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物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
乙酸乙酯 4.767 214.6 2.5 果香味 乙酸丁酯 11.789 83.6 2.5 果香味
正丁醇 5.868 15.8 2.5 酒味 乙苯 17.566 83.5 2.0 溶剂味
丙二醇甲醚 6.347 17.2 2.0 醚味 间/对二甲苯 24.313 475.6 3.0 溶剂味
戊醛 6.410 146.2 2.5 果香味 庚醛 26.491 243.5 3.0 果香味
2-乙基呋喃 7.169 51.4 3.0 焦糖味 2-正戊基呋喃 28.230 56.4 3.0 蔬菜味
乙酸丙酯 8.113 123.3 3.0 果香味 辛醛 21.018 31.9 3.0 果香味
甲苯 8.304 94.8 3.0 溶剂味 右旋萜二烯 22.251 23.1 2.0 花香味
己醛 10.578 197.5 3.5 青臭味 壬醛 24.497 124.4 3.5 花香味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070552707756937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 保留时间
/min		 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度
/级		 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间
/min		 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度
/级		 参考气味类型
二氧化硫 5.052 14.1 2.0 硫磺味 1-(2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙氧基)异丙醇 20.916 182.4 3.0 果香味
三乙胺 8.915 23.2 2.0 臭氨味 苯甲醇 22.425 211.9 3.0 芳香味
4-甲基-2-戊酮 10.082 16.2 2.0 溶剂味 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 22.628 46.9 2.0 臭氨味
丙二醇乙醚 10.352 71.4 2.5 醚味 3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇 22.796 1 552.2 3.0 清香味
甲苯 10.951 34.0 2.5 溶剂味 乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯 24.000 15.8 2.0 臭味
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 11.310 2 392.2 3.0 鱼腥味 N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮 24.701 1 837.4 3.0 臭氨味
辛烷 11.759 43.7 3.0 溶剂味 醋酸-2-乙基己酯 25.749 5 343.6 3.5 果香味
间/对二甲苯 15.748 27.5 2.0 溶剂味 二乙二醇单丁醚 26.689 108.4 2.5 酒味
乙二醇单丁醚 16.095 453.6 3.5 醚味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070552858751889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

真皮B主要散发气味物质

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物质名称 保留时间
/min		 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度
/级		 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间
/min		 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度
/级		 参考气味类型
二氧化硫 5.052 14.1 2.0 硫磺味 1-(2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙氧基)异丙醇 20.916 182.4 3.0 果香味
三乙胺 8.915 23.2 2.0 臭氨味 苯甲醇 22.425 211.9 3.0 芳香味
4-甲基-2-戊酮 10.082 16.2 2.0 溶剂味 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 22.628 46.9 2.0 臭氨味
丙二醇乙醚 10.352 71.4 2.5 醚味 3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇 22.796 1 552.2 3.0 清香味
甲苯 10.951 34.0 2.5 溶剂味 乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯 24.000 15.8 2.0 臭味
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 11.310 2 392.2 3.0 鱼腥味 N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮 24.701 1 837.4 3.0 臭氨味
辛烷 11.759 43.7 3.0 溶剂味 醋酸-2-乙基己酯 25.749 5 343.6 3.5 果香味
间/对二甲苯 15.748 27.5 2.0 溶剂味 二乙二醇单丁醚 26.689 108.4 2.5 酒味
乙二醇单丁醚 16.095 453.6 3.5 醚味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070552984581016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
正丁醇 8.292 66.6 2.5 酒味 邻二甲苯 15.760 47.0 2.0 芳香味
丙二醇甲醚 8.579 985.9 3.0 醚味 乙二醇单丁醚 16.077 138.0 3.0 醚味
三乙胺 8.891 115.0 2.5 臭氨味 3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯 20.329 5 167.7 4.0 溶剂味
甲苯 10.945 118.5 3.0 溶剂味 2-正戊基呋喃 20.634 168.9 3.0 蔬菜味
辛烷 11.759 718.4 3.0 溶剂味 均三甲苯 20.898 148.6 3.0 溶剂味
乙酸丁酯 12.184 35.3 2.5 果香味 右旋萜二烯 22.257 19.8 2.0 花香味
二丙酮醇 13.238 101.0 2.5 芳香味 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 22.575 82.0 2.5 臭氨味
间/对二甲苯 14.592 76.2 2.5 溶剂味 萘 26.952 49.2 2.5 樟木味
丙烯酸丁酯 15.502 1 060.3 3.5 溶剂味 苯并噻唑 27.809 16.8 2.5 橡胶味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070553148158882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

真皮C主要散发气味物质

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物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
正丁醇 8.292 66.6 2.5 酒味 邻二甲苯 15.760 47.0 2.0 芳香味
丙二醇甲醚 8.579 985.9 3.0 醚味 乙二醇单丁醚 16.077 138.0 3.0 醚味
三乙胺 8.891 115.0 2.5 臭氨味 3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯 20.329 5 167.7 4.0 溶剂味
甲苯 10.945 118.5 3.0 溶剂味 2-正戊基呋喃 20.634 168.9 3.0 蔬菜味
辛烷 11.759 718.4 3.0 溶剂味 均三甲苯 20.898 148.6 3.0 溶剂味
乙酸丁酯 12.184 35.3 2.5 果香味 右旋萜二烯 22.257 19.8 2.0 花香味
二丙酮醇 13.238 101.0 2.5 芳香味 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 22.575 82.0 2.5 臭氨味
间/对二甲苯 14.592 76.2 2.5 溶剂味 萘 26.952 49.2 2.5 樟木味
丙烯酸丁酯 15.502 1 060.3 3.5 溶剂味 苯并噻唑 27.809 16.8 2.5 橡胶味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070553282376616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
二氧化硫 6.681 13.4 2.0 硫磺味 乙苯 17.568 22.3 2.0 溶剂味
乙酸乙酯 9.334 35.6 2.5 果香味 间/对二甲苯 17.970 75.4 3.0 溶剂味
正丁醇 10.322 65.2 2.5 酒味 2-庚酮 18.724 31.5 2.5 果香味
丙二醇甲醚 10.645 710.4 3.0 醚味 乙二醇单丁醚 19.503 242.8 3.5 醚味
三乙胺 10.999 38.2 2.0 臭氨味 2-正戊基呋喃 23.072 37.6 2.5 蔬菜味
甲苯 13.478 111.2 3.0 溶剂味 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷 23.174 145.7 3.0 溶剂味
辛烷 14.430 131.2 3.0 溶剂味 三(1,2-丙二醇)甲醚 24.246 1 774.7 3.5 醚味
乙酸丁酯 14.933 26.2 2.5 果香味 N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮 24.856 43.9 2.0 臭氨味
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 17.395 19.6 2.0 清香味 萘 28.893 10.7 2.0 樟脑味
), ArticleFig(id=1200070553441760178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200070547351630168, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

真皮D主要散发气味物质

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物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型 物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
二氧化硫 6.681 13.4 2.0 硫磺味 乙苯 17.568 22.3 2.0 溶剂味
乙酸乙酯 9.334 35.6 2.5 果香味 间/对二甲苯 17.970 75.4 3.0 溶剂味
正丁醇 10.322 65.2 2.5 酒味 2-庚酮 18.724 31.5 2.5 果香味
丙二醇甲醚 10.645 710.4 3.0 醚味 乙二醇单丁醚 19.503 242.8 3.5 醚味
三乙胺 10.999 38.2 2.0 臭氨味 2-正戊基呋喃 23.072 37.6 2.5 蔬菜味
甲苯 13.478 111.2 3.0 溶剂味 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷 23.174 145.7 3.0 溶剂味
辛烷 14.430 131.2 3.0 溶剂味 三(1,2-丙二醇)甲醚 24.246 1 774.7 3.5 醚味
乙酸丁酯 14.933 26.2 2.5 果香味 N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮 24.856 43.9 2.0 臭氨味
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 17.395 19.6 2.0 清香味 萘 28.893 10.7 2.0 樟脑味
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物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
2-乙基呋喃 11.328 13.4 2.5 焦糖味
甲苯 13.457 83.4 3.0 溶剂味
己醛 14.410 139.3 3.0 青臭味
间/对二甲苯 17.934 50.1 2.0 溶剂味
庚醛 19.228 38.7 2.0 果香味
2-正戊基呋喃 23.057 66.5 2.5 蔬菜味
辛醛 23.404 35.7 2.5 果香味
壬醛 26.509 107.8 3.0 花香味
癸醛 28.880 21.0 2.0 果香味
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改善后真皮材料A主要散发气味物质

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物质名称 保留时间/min 含量
/μg·m-3		 气味强度/级 参考气味类型
2-乙基呋喃 11.328 13.4 2.5 焦糖味
甲苯 13.457 83.4 3.0 溶剂味
己醛 14.410 139.3 3.0 青臭味
间/对二甲苯 17.934 50.1 2.0 溶剂味
庚醛 19.228 38.7 2.0 果香味
2-正戊基呋喃 23.057 66.5 2.5 蔬菜味
辛醛 23.404 35.7 2.5 果香味
壬醛 26.509 107.8 3.0 花香味
癸醛 28.880 21.0 2.0 果香味
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汽车用真皮材料气味物质研究
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张云娟 , 黄灿林 , 赵雪莹 , 李铭仪
汽车工程师 | 2024,(2): 39-43
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汽车工程师 | 2024, (2): 39-43
汽车用真皮材料气味物质研究
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张云娟, 黄灿林, 赵雪莹, 李铭仪
作者信息
  • 广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院， 广州 511434
Odor Analysis of Leather Material for Automobile
Yunjuan Zhang, Canlin Huang, Xueying Zhao, Mingyi Li
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Automotive Engineering Institute, Guangzhou 511434
出版时间: 2024-02-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220110
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摘要
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对4款车用真皮面料的样品进行气味评价，同时采用热脱附-气相色谱-气味嗅辨仪/质谱法（TD-GC/OMS）对气味物质进行测试，分析其主要气味物质的来源。结果表明，真皮面料的气味物质主要来源于加工过程中使用的溶剂、添加剂及相关反应产物，部分源自真皮面料本身的挥发。

真皮材料  /  气味物质  /  气味评价

The odor of four types of leather fabrics for vehicles was evaluated, and the odor substances were tested by Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Odor detector/Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC/OMS), and the sources of main odorants were further analyzed. The research shows that the odor substances of leather fabrics mainly come from the solvents, additives and related reaction products used in the processing, and part of them come from the volatilization of leather fabrics itself.

Leather fabric  /  Odor substances  /  Odor evaluation
张云娟, 黄灿林, 赵雪莹, 李铭仪. 汽车用真皮材料气味物质研究. 汽车工程师, 2024 , (2) : 39 -43 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220110
Yunjuan Zhang, Canlin Huang, Xueying Zhao, Mingyi Li. Odor Analysis of Leather Material for Automobile[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2024 , (2) : 39 -43 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220110
正文
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1 前言
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乘员舱空间小、密封性好，车内空气质量直接影响乘员的身心健康[1-3]。真皮面料作为汽车内饰材料的重要组成部分，直接影响整车气味性能和车内空气质量。
真皮的主要生产工艺流程有生牛皮分组、浸水、去肉脱脂、脱毛浸碱、脱灰软化、浸酸鞣制、染色加酯、水洗、挤水伸展、真空干燥、震荡摔软、磨革、底涂、压花、中/顶涂、烘干、晾挂和包装存储，处理后动物的生皮转化为稳定的不会腐败的可用材料[4-6]。为了使真皮面料达到一定的性能要求，在处理过程中会加入碱性试剂、酸性试剂、脱脂剂、软化剂、复鞣剂和耐磨剂等。真皮面料中残存的易挥发试剂会在使用过程中散发，产生难闻的气味[7-8]。另外，真皮的皮胚本身也会散发出一些气味物质，从而影响真皮面料的气味性能。
本文选用4种不同的车用座椅真皮面料进行气味评价和气味物质定性分析测试[9-10]，找出影响气味性能的主要物质，并进一步推测其来源。
2 气味试验
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2.1 主要原料及仪器设备
本文采用的主要原料包括：高纯氮气（99.999%）、高纯氦气（99.999%），广州市骏旗气体有限公司；甲醇，色谱纯，美国Tedia公司；挥发性有机化合物（VOC）混合标液，1 000 mg/L，美国o2si公司。
本文使用的主要仪器设备包括：电热恒温鼓风干燥箱CET-Y 40E2，上海福轩环保科技有限公司；流量校准器，气体采样泵；Gilibrator-2型电子皂膜流量计、GilAirPlus型恒流采样泵，美国Gilian公司；ST-1602型氮气质量流量计，广州盛康仪器有限公司；MKIUNITYM型热脱附仪，Tenax-TA管，英国Markes公司；7890B/5977A型气相色谱质谱联用仪，美国Agilent公司；Tedlar气体采样袋，宁波环测实验器材有限公司。
2.2 气味评价与定性分析测试
2.2.1 气味评价
气味评价主要过程包括：
a.裁剪。将下线7天以内的4种真皮面料分别裁成10 cm×20 cm的样品，4个样品分别记为A、B、C和D。
b.烘烤。将上述样品放入容积为1 L的气味评价瓶，置于80 ℃烘箱中加热2 h。
c.评价。 取出样品瓶置于气味评价台上，待冷却至60 ℃时进行评价。
气味评价由5位评价员进行，每个样品瓶最多由2位气味评价员评价，气味评价结果取所有评价员结果的算术平均值。气味强度等级共分为6级，1~6级对应的标准分别为：无气味；有气味，不明显，但无干扰性气味；有明显气味，但无干扰性气味；有干扰性气味；有强烈干扰性气味；有不可忍受的气味。
2.2.2 定性分析测试
定性分析测试主要过程为：
a.裁剪。 将下线7天以内的4种真皮面料裁成大小为20 cm× 20 cm的样品放入已老化的10 L袋子中，用高纯氮气充洗3次后充入5 L高纯氮气。
b.加热。 将试样袋放入已预热的烘箱中，保持温度80 ℃，加热2 h。
c.气体采集。 用Tenax-TA采样管采集试样袋中的气体，采样前轻拍袋子使其中气体混合均匀。
d.测试。 Tenax-TA按照气味嗅辨仪/质谱法（Thermal Desorber-Gas Chromatography- Olfactory/Mass Spectrometry，TD-GC/OMS）进行测试。对测试结果进行热脱附-气相色谱-TD-GC-O/MS分析，并计算出主要气味物质（甲苯）的半定量含量。
热脱附条件为：样品管脱附温度为300 ℃，冷阱富集温度为-10 ℃，冷阱脱附温度为300 ℃，冷阱脱附流量为80 mL/min。气相色谱主要参数为：色谱柱Ultra-2尺寸为50 m×0.32 mm×0.52 μm，柱温箱升温程序为40 ℃保持3 min，以10 ℃/min的速度升温至90 ℃并保持5 min，以10 ℃/min的速度升温至280 ℃并保持5 min。质谱主要参数为：离子源温度为230 ℃，质谱质量为35~500 u。气味评价员在气味嗅辩仪端口评价气味，记录该气味的气味类型、强度等级及保留时间。
3 结果与讨论
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3.1 气味评价结果
4件真皮面料样品的气味评价结果如表1所示，气味等级都处在无干扰性到有干扰性之间。对应的气味类型显示，4件真皮面料均有皮革味，另外，真皮A和真皮B均有果香味，真皮A和真皮D均有清香味，真皮B和真皮D均有硫磺味，而臭味和溶剂味分别是真皮B和真皮C的特有气味类型。
3.2 气味物质分析
图1所示为4件真皮面料对应的气相色谱-质谱联用仪（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry，GC/MS）输出的图谱，4件真皮样品的峰数量和相对丰度有较大差异，说明不同的真皮面料在相同条件下挥发出的有机物是不同的。
3.3 气味物质来源分析
表2~表5所示分别为4种真皮面料挥发出的主要气味物质情况，可以看出：在3种面料中出现的气味物质有甲苯、间/对二甲苯、正丁醇、乙酸丁酯、辛烷、乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇甲醚、2-正戊基呋喃和三乙胺；在2种面料中出现的气味物质有乙酸乙酯、乙苯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙基吡咯烷酮、右旋萜二烯、萘和二氧化硫。结合真皮面料生产过程的原料，推测甲苯、间/对二甲苯、乙苯、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、辛烷、乙二醇单丁醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙基吡咯烷酮为生产过程中使用的溶剂，丙二醇甲醚为面料涂饰层中增塑剂的原料，2-正戊基呋喃、右旋萜二烯和萘为香料添加剂，三乙胺为合成涂饰材料的催化剂，二氧化硫为面料在鞣制过程中使用硫酸等酸性物质受热后挥发产生的。
真皮A独有的气味物质有戊醛、2-乙基呋喃、乙酸丙酯、己醛、庚醛、辛醛和壬醛，真皮B独有的气味物质有1-(2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙氧基)异丙醇、3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇和醋酸-2-乙基己酯，真皮D独有的气味物质有丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和2-庚酮，这些气味物质部分源于真皮自身的挥发，部分来自皮革复鞣剂。这些独有的气味物质和真皮A、真皮B、真皮D 3件面料中均有的2-正戊基呋喃、右旋萜二烯和萘是面料果香味和花香味的主要气味来源。
真皮B有明显的臭味，其对应的气味物质为胺类物质，即N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮和三乙胺。二氧化硫是导致真皮B和真皮D有硫磺味的主要原因。真皮C散发出的溶剂味来源于甲苯、辛烷、二甲苯和均三甲苯等溶剂类物质。皮革味是4件面料均有的气味类型，推测该气味类型为多种气味物质混合引起的，无明确的对应来源。
3.4 气味改善措施及效果
综上考虑4件真皮面料的气味类型、气味强度和实际应用价值，选取真皮A进行气味改善。结合真皮面料的生产工艺，推测真皮A的气味类型（皮革味、清香味、果香味）主要来源于皮革鞣制过程添加的复鞣剂和表面处理过程中使用的油脂，因此改善措施如下：
a. 皮革鞣制后增加水洗工序，水洗过程为常温水洗3次，40 ℃水洗1次。
b. 降低染色加酯过程中使用的植物油脂的含量，增加合成油脂的比例，减少游离油脂的挥发量。
c. 延长烘干工序的时间，即将原5节烘道增至8节烘道。
经过改善，气味强度下降至3.3，气味类有明显改善，表现为果香味和花香味。
图2所示为真皮A的GC/MS图谱，其相对丰度明显下降，对应的主要气味物质为有花香味和果香味的醛类和呋喃类以及未在气味类型中体现的甲苯、二甲苯等溶剂类物质，如表6所示。改善后真皮A的气味强度、气味类型，气味物质的含量方面明显改善。
4 结束语
收起
本文通过气味评价和TD-GC/OMS测试分析了4种车用真皮面料散发的气味物质，并分析了这些气味物质的主要来源。结果表明，4件真皮面料气味来源有3种：面料加工处理过程中使用的溶剂，如苯系物、乙二醇单丁醚、N-乙基吡咯烷酮等；面料加工过程中使用的添加剂及其反应产生的气味物质，如右旋萜二烯、三乙胺、二氧化硫；真皮面料自身散发出的气味物质。据此，可以对真皮类面料的气味问题通过增加水洗、改善表面处理油脂的成分和延长烘烤时间等针对性措施，快速高效地提升真皮面料和整车的气味性能。
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220110
  • 首发时间：2025-11-25
  • 出版时间：2024-02-15
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  • 修回日期：2023-02-09
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    广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院， 广州 511434
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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