Article(id=1200066401252770187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066394848068499, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1666627200000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764047726214, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1686758400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764047726214, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764047726214, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047726214, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200066394848068499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2023', volume='', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764047724687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764048018142, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200067625737879661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066394848068499, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200067625737879662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066394848068499, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=45, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200066401592508842, articleId=1200066401252770187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research on Frontal Collision Safety of New Models for Lightweight, columnId=1200066399931564301, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=Special Topic on Passive Safety Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Finite element model of a BIW was built by applying HyperMesh software and based on lightweight requirements, this paper proposed to replace advanced high-strength steel with hot stamping steel PHS1500 for BIW A-pillar reinforcement plates and replace B410LA with DP780 for the front longitudinal beam, and replace QSTE500TM with QP980 for the front guard cross member, the paper also proposed to reduce thickness. According to C-NCAP management rules, LS-DYNA was applied to perform a 100% overlap rigid wall collision analysis for the BIW model at 50 km/h. The results show that based on the results of the frontal collision analysis of traditional high-strength steel materials, after the material upgrade the intrusive amount at A-pillar reinforcement site and fireproof board leg inspection point decreases by 8.9% and 15.9%, respectively, the frontal collision performance of the BIW has been greatly improved, and the weight is reduced by 6.224 kg.

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以某车型白车身为研究对象,通过Hyper Mesh软件建立有限元模型,基于轻量化需求,提出了白车身A柱加强板采用热成形钢PHS1500替代先进高强钢、车身前纵梁使用DP780替代B410LA、前保险杠横梁使用QP980替代QSTE500TM,同时减薄厚度的优化方案。依据《C-NCAP管理规则》,应用LS-DYNA对白车身模型进行50 km/h正面100%重叠刚性墙碰撞分析,结果表明,以传统高强钢材料的正面碰撞分析结果为基准,应用优化方案后,A柱加强板考察点侵入量减小8.9%,防火板腿部考察点侵入量减小15.9%,白车身的正面碰撞安全性能大幅提高,同时质量减轻6.224 kg。

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零件名 材料 厚度/mm 质量/kg 优化材料 优化厚度/mm 优化质量/kg 轻量化效果/kg
左A柱加强板 B340LA 1.8 3.694 PHS1500 1.2 2.463 1.231
右A柱加强板 B340LA 1.8 3.694 PHS1500 1.2 2.463 1.231
左前纵梁内板 B410LA 2.0 3.115 DP780 1.5 2.336 0.779
左前纵梁外板 B410LA 2.0 2.404 DP780 1.5 1.803 0.601
右前纵梁内板 B410LA 2.0 3.115 DP780 1.5 2.336 0.779
右前纵梁外板 B410LA 2.0 2.404 DP780 1.5 1.803 0.601
前保险杠横梁 QSTE500TM 2.5 5.008 QP980 2.0 4.006 1.002
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零件优化质量对比

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零件名 材料 厚度/mm 质量/kg 优化材料 优化厚度/mm 优化质量/kg 轻量化效果/kg
左A柱加强板 B340LA 1.8 3.694 PHS1500 1.2 2.463 1.231
右A柱加强板 B340LA 1.8 3.694 PHS1500 1.2 2.463 1.231
左前纵梁内板 B410LA 2.0 3.115 DP780 1.5 2.336 0.779
左前纵梁外板 B410LA 2.0 2.404 DP780 1.5 1.803 0.601
右前纵梁内板 B410LA 2.0 3.115 DP780 1.5 2.336 0.779
右前纵梁外板 B410LA 2.0 2.404 DP780 1.5 1.803 0.601
前保险杠横梁 QSTE500TM 2.5 5.008 QP980 2.0 4.006 1.002
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材料牌号 厚度/mm 力学性能指标
Rp0.2/MPa Rm/MPa n
HC340LA 1.8 383 507 0.157
PHS1500 1.2 1 120 1 706 0.056
B410LA 2.0 468 528 0.145
DP780 1.5 568 860 0.135
QSTE500TM 2.5 542 608 0.108
QP980 2.0 641 1 049 0.142
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单向拉伸力学性能指标测试结果

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材料牌号 厚度/mm 力学性能指标
Rp0.2/MPa Rm/MPa n
HC340LA 1.8 383 507 0.157
PHS1500 1.2 1 120 1 706 0.056
B410LA 2.0 468 528 0.145
DP780 1.5 568 860 0.135
QSTE500TM 2.5 542 608 0.108
QP980 2.0 641 1 049 0.142
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参数 原方案 优化方案
加速度/g 71.3 63.9
A柱侵入量/mm 7.96 7.24
防火板腿部侵入量/mm 39.6 33.3
搁脚板上部侵入量/mm 40.4 36.4
搁脚板下部侵入量/mm 38.5 35.1
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材料优化前、后耐撞性变化情况

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参数 原方案 优化方案
加速度/g 71.3 63.9
A柱侵入量/mm 7.96 7.24
防火板腿部侵入量/mm 39.6 33.3
搁脚板上部侵入量/mm 40.4 36.4
搁脚板下部侵入量/mm 38.5 35.1
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面向轻量化的某车型正面碰撞安全性研究
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孙倬 , 宋博
汽车工程师 | 被动安全技术专题 2023,(6): 45-48
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汽车工程师 | 被动安全技术专题 2023, (6): 45-48
面向轻量化的某车型正面碰撞安全性研究
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孙倬, 宋博
作者信息
  • 本钢板材股份有限公司研发院, 本溪 117000
Research on Frontal Collision Safety of New Models for Lightweight
Zhuo Sun, Bo Song
Affiliations
  • &D Institute of Bengang Steel Plates Co., Ltd., Benxi 117000
出版时间: 2023-06-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220025
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以某车型白车身为研究对象,通过Hyper Mesh软件建立有限元模型,基于轻量化需求,提出了白车身A柱加强板采用热成形钢PHS1500替代先进高强钢、车身前纵梁使用DP780替代B410LA、前保险杠横梁使用QP980替代QSTE500TM,同时减薄厚度的优化方案。依据《C-NCAP管理规则》,应用LS-DYNA对白车身模型进行50 km/h正面100%重叠刚性墙碰撞分析,结果表明,以传统高强钢材料的正面碰撞分析结果为基准,应用优化方案后,A柱加强板考察点侵入量减小8.9%,防火板腿部考察点侵入量减小15.9%,白车身的正面碰撞安全性能大幅提高,同时质量减轻6.224 kg。

热成形钢  /  轻量化  /  白车身  /  正面碰撞

Finite element model of a BIW was built by applying HyperMesh software and based on lightweight requirements, this paper proposed to replace advanced high-strength steel with hot stamping steel PHS1500 for BIW A-pillar reinforcement plates and replace B410LA with DP780 for the front longitudinal beam, and replace QSTE500TM with QP980 for the front guard cross member, the paper also proposed to reduce thickness. According to C-NCAP management rules, LS-DYNA was applied to perform a 100% overlap rigid wall collision analysis for the BIW model at 50 km/h. The results show that based on the results of the frontal collision analysis of traditional high-strength steel materials, after the material upgrade the intrusive amount at A-pillar reinforcement site and fireproof board leg inspection point decreases by 8.9% and 15.9%, respectively, the frontal collision performance of the BIW has been greatly improved, and the weight is reduced by 6.224 kg.

Hot formed steel  /  Lightweight  /  BIW  /  Frontal collision
孙倬, 宋博. 面向轻量化的某车型正面碰撞安全性研究. 汽车工程师, 2023 , (6) : 45 -48 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220025
Zhuo Sun, Bo Song. Research on Frontal Collision Safety of New Models for Lightweight[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2023 , (6) : 45 -48 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220025
通过车身轻量化减轻整车质量是降低整车油耗的有效手段。同时,汽车保有量的增加和复杂多样的路况对车辆自身的安全性能提出了更高的要求[1-8]
在保证车身安全性的前提下进行轻量化设计是新车型开发过程中的重要任务,本文对A柱加强板、车身前纵梁内外板进行轻量化设计及强度升级,参考中国新车评价规程(China New Car Assessment Program,C-NCAP)[9]50 km/h正面100%重叠刚性墙碰撞要求,应用LS-DYNA软件对白车身进行正面碰撞分析,获取各参考点的碰撞分析结果,并对比优化前、后的碰撞分析结果,验证方案的有效性。
准确的白车身有限元模型是保证分析结果正确的前提。有限元模型的建立过程包括几何建模、网格划分、材料赋予、载荷施加等。
图1所示为某车型白车身的正面碰撞仿真分析模型,白车身质量为307.9 kg,组件数量为296个,节点数量为553 354个,网格数量为498 793个,网格基本尺寸为10 mm。焊点设置为Hexa多边形焊点,焊缝采用二维面网格焊缝,使用REB2刚性螺栓。
针对该车型进行车身轻量化设计,分别选取前保险杠横梁、前纵梁内外板、A柱加强板进行材料升级替换和厚度减薄,如图2所示,优化方案和轻量化效果如表1所示,实现质量减轻6.224 kg。
在试验室中利用Zwick 100 kN电子拉伸试验机测得6种材料的基本力学参数,如表2所示,其中Rp0.2为屈服强度,Rm为抗拉强度,n为加工硬化指数。
依据《C-NCAP管理规则(2018年版)》,设置正面碰撞速度为50 km/h,并设置刚性地面和刚性壁障,接触方式为*AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE和*AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE,工况设置具体如图3所示。对于整车碰撞仿真,主流的材料属性有MAT1、MAT20、MAT24、MAT100等,本文碰撞仿真使用的是MAT24材料卡。设定边界条件和求解控制参数后,导入LS-DYNA软件中进行求解。用HyperView和Hypergraph后处理器分别对优化前、后的整车的正面碰撞情况进行分析,对整车能量变化曲线、加速度曲线和部件侵入量进行整体评价。
仿真模型需进行可信性分析,本文的考察重点为计算过程中的能量变化和沙漏能占比。
白车身结构质量增量如图4所示,质量最大增量为4.6%,且质量增量稳定,模型质量增量检验合格。碰撞过程中的能量变化是评判仿真结果是否可信的重要依据。白车身结构在碰撞过程中的动能、内能、沙漏能和总能量曲线如图5所示。由图5可知,碰撞过程满足能量守恒定律,白车身零部件系统的动能与内能相互转化,沙漏能的变化较小。能量曲线无异常,总能量守恒,动能转换为白车身势能的过程曲线平滑无缺陷,沙漏能占比低于3%,计算结果具备可信性。
车身受力与加速度呈正相关,因此正面碰撞过程中需考察整车的加速度。为充分反映整车的加速度变化情况,选取B柱内侧安全带卷收器下方的某个点(该区域稳定,试验状态下传感器安装在此处)作为整车加速度计算点。B柱下端参考点加速度曲线如图6所示,在正面碰撞过程中,原始参考点最大加速度为71.3 g,材料优化后最大加速度为63.9 g,B柱加速度显著降低,这是因为前保险杠横梁及前纵梁优化后材料强度更高,在形变过程中吸收能量更加充分。
车身变形量反映了车体被损坏的程度与车身的抗碰撞能力。在整车正面碰撞过程中,考虑到乘员舱的被动安全性,需重点关注的部件为A柱和前围板。
选择左侧B柱锁钩后侧某参考点,选择同水平高度下A柱平面上的碰撞点作为测点,测量A柱加强板侵入量,如图7所示,随着时间的推移,在正面碰撞过程中,A柱加强板开始侵入乘员舱,在第0.049 s时侵入量达到最大值,随后车身结构产生回弹,A柱侵入量减小。A柱加强板优化后侵入量降低8.97%,优化效果明显。
同时,前排乘员的腿部需依靠前围板保护,因此选取驾驶员腿部及足部区域参考点,前围板侵入量曲线如图8所示,可以看出,优化后目标车型对应驾驶员腿部、足上部及足下部的前围板部分侵入量有所降低,降幅分别为15.9%、9.9%、8.8%,因此,优化后的白车身碰撞安全性更佳。
零件优化前、后结构耐撞性变化情况如表3所示,由表3可知,优化后正面碰撞性能大幅提高。
本文针对某车型白车身,建立了正面碰撞有限元分析模型,并进行了模型的可信性验证,分析结果表明:
a. 正面碰撞模型的最大质量增量为4.6%,沙漏能占比低于3%,表明计算结果具备可信性。
b. A柱加强板热成形钢PHS1500替代传统高强钢、前纵梁内外板使用DP780替代B410LA、前保险杠横梁使用QP980替代QSTE500TM后,侵入量降低8.97%,优化效果明显。前围板部分各参考点的侵入量有所降低,降幅分别为15.9%、9.9%、8.8%,因此优化后的白车身碰撞安全性更佳。
c. 优化后总质量减轻6.224 kg,有效实现轻量化的同时,提高了白车身碰撞安全性。
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2023年第卷第6期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220025
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-06-15
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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