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Article(id=1200066388338508260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220086, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1675612800000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764047723135, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1681488000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764047723135, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764047723135, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047723135, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200066378846793762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2023', volume='', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764047720872, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047922803, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200067225848741916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200067225848741917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=15, endPage=19, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200066388602749442, articleId=1200066388338508260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Analysis of Driver Tibia Injury in MPDB Collison Test, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the main cause for exceeding the limit of driver’s right calf injury in European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier (MPDB) collision conditions, the driver’s right leg was analyzed by the dummy’s leg injury evaluation method. Through analysis of the test results, it is concluded that the excessive bending moment on the leg is the main cause of exceeding the limit of driver’s calf injury. The mechanism of calf injury and stress process were analyzed, and the pedal displacement was associated with the leg injury index. The results show that the impact of the foot is affected by the deformation of the accelerator pedal, resulting in excessive bending moment of the calf.

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为探究欧洲新车评价程序（Euro NCAP）移动渐进变形壁障（MPDB）碰撞工况中驾驶员右侧小腿伤害超标的主要原因，对假人腿部伤害评价方法进行解析，通过测试结果分析得到造成驾驶员小腿伤害超标的主要原因是腿部受到的弯曲力矩过大。研究腿部伤害机理并对受力过程进行分析，将车辆加速踏板变形量与腿部伤害指标进行关联，结果表明，脚部受到的冲击受加速踏板变形量影响，将导致小腿受到的弯曲力矩过大。

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序号 项目 高限值 低限值
1 胫骨指数 0.40 1.30
2 胫骨压缩力/kN 2.00 8.00
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Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞测试项目驾驶员小腿伤害评价指标

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序号 项目 高限值 低限值
1 胫骨指数 0.40 1.30
2 胫骨压缩力/kN 2.00 8.00
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序号 部位 扣分车型数量
/款		 扣分车型总数量
/款		 占比/%
1 左侧小腿 12 19 63
2 右侧小腿 18 19 95
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假人左、右腿部伤害统计结果

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序号 部位 扣分车型数量
/款		 扣分车型总数量
/款		 占比/%
1 左侧小腿 12 19 63
2 右侧小腿 18 19 95
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序号 项目 扣分车型数量
/款		 扣分车型总数量
/款		 占比/%
1 胫骨压缩力 11 19 58
2 胫骨指数 19 19 100
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假人腿部罚分情况统计结果

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序号 项目 扣分车型数量
/款		 扣分车型总数量
/款		 占比/%
1 胫骨压缩力 11 19 58
2 胫骨指数 19 19 100
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车型 胫骨指数 Fz/(FC)z MR/(MC)R MR/N·m Mx/N·m My/N·m
1 0.66 0.066 0.594 133.66 34.99 129.00
2 0.54 0.037 0.503 113.14 39.26 106.11
3 0.73 0.030 0.700 157.40 65.55 143.14
4 0.44 0.024 0.416 93.62 28.68 89.12
5 0.43 0.047 0.383 86.15 8.70 85.71
6 0.51 0.060 0.450 101.36 22.94 98.73
7 0.75 0.086 0.664 149.39 34.80 145.28
8 0.56 0.035 0.525 118.20 19.80 116.53
9 0.40 0.040 0.360 80.98 23.39 77.53
10 0.57 0.058 0.512 115.09 40.58 107.70
11 0.52 0.034 0.486 109.31 24.80 106.46
12 0.55 0.043 0.507 114.07 72.26 88.26
13 0.48 0.051 0.429 96.44 37.90 88.68
14 0.90 0.028 0.872 196.26 76.09 180.91
15 0.81 0.098 0.712 160.10 12.52 159.61
16 0.65 0.020 0.630 141.83 25.05 139.60
17 0.63 0.092 0.538 120.98 23.93 118.59
18 0.60 0.034 0.566 127.35 40.11 120.87
19 0.45 0.046 0.404 90.82 6.87 90.56
20 0.88 0.038 0.842 189.56 47.78 183.44
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右小腿胫骨指数统计结果

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车型 胫骨指数 Fz/(FC)z MR/(MC)R MR/N·m Mx/N·m My/N·m
1 0.66 0.066 0.594 133.66 34.99 129.00
2 0.54 0.037 0.503 113.14 39.26 106.11
3 0.73 0.030 0.700 157.40 65.55 143.14
4 0.44 0.024 0.416 93.62 28.68 89.12
5 0.43 0.047 0.383 86.15 8.70 85.71
6 0.51 0.060 0.450 101.36 22.94 98.73
7 0.75 0.086 0.664 149.39 34.80 145.28
8 0.56 0.035 0.525 118.20 19.80 116.53
9 0.40 0.040 0.360 80.98 23.39 77.53
10 0.57 0.058 0.512 115.09 40.58 107.70
11 0.52 0.034 0.486 109.31 24.80 106.46
12 0.55 0.043 0.507 114.07 72.26 88.26
13 0.48 0.051 0.429 96.44 37.90 88.68
14 0.90 0.028 0.872 196.26 76.09 180.91
15 0.81 0.098 0.712 160.10 12.52 159.61
16 0.65 0.020 0.630 141.83 25.05 139.60
17 0.63 0.092 0.538 120.98 23.93 118.59
18 0.60 0.034 0.566 127.35 40.11 120.87
19 0.45 0.046 0.404 90.82 6.87 90.56
20 0.88 0.038 0.842 189.56 47.78 183.44
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车型 胫骨指数 My/N·m 踏板位移/mm
1 0.66 129.00 34.8
2 0.54 106.11 3.8
3 0.73 143.14 59.9
4 0.44 89.12 2.8
5 0.43 85.71 0.2
6 0.51 98.73 18.0
7 0.75 145.28 49.5
8 0.56 116.53 32.9
9 0.40 77.53 1.4
10 0.57 107.70 24.5
11 0.52 106.46 11.1
12 0.55 88.26 4.1
13 0.48 88.68 5.1
14 0.90 180.91 60.1
15 0.81 159.61 60.3
16 0.65 139.60 36.1
17 0.63 118.59 21.3
18 0.60 120.87 24.1
19 0.45 90.56 5.1
20 0.88 183.44 65.7
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右小腿伤害和加速踏板位移统计

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车型 胫骨指数 My/N·m 踏板位移/mm
1 0.66 129.00 34.8
2 0.54 106.11 3.8
3 0.73 143.14 59.9
4 0.44 89.12 2.8
5 0.43 85.71 0.2
6 0.51 98.73 18.0
7 0.75 145.28 49.5
8 0.56 116.53 32.9
9 0.40 77.53 1.4
10 0.57 107.70 24.5
11 0.52 106.46 11.1
12 0.55 88.26 4.1
13 0.48 88.68 5.1
14 0.90 180.91 60.1
15 0.81 159.61 60.3
16 0.65 139.60 36.1
17 0.63 118.59 21.3
18 0.60 120.87 24.1
19 0.45 90.56 5.1
20 0.88 183.44 65.7
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移动渐进变形壁障碰撞试验中驾驶员小腿伤害研究
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张俊南 , 余海龙
汽车工程师 | 2023,(4): 15-19
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汽车工程师 | 2023, (4): 15-19
移动渐进变形壁障碰撞试验中驾驶员小腿伤害研究
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张俊南, 余海龙
作者信息
  • 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司， 重庆 401122
Analysis of Driver Tibia Injury in MPDB Collison Test
Junnan Zhang, Hailong Yu
Affiliations
  • China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122
出版时间: 2023-04-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220086
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摘要
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为探究欧洲新车评价程序（Euro NCAP）移动渐进变形壁障（MPDB）碰撞工况中驾驶员右侧小腿伤害超标的主要原因，对假人腿部伤害评价方法进行解析，通过测试结果分析得到造成驾驶员小腿伤害超标的主要原因是腿部受到的弯曲力矩过大。研究腿部伤害机理并对受力过程进行分析，将车辆加速踏板变形量与腿部伤害指标进行关联，结果表明，脚部受到的冲击受加速踏板变形量影响，将导致小腿受到的弯曲力矩过大。

移动渐进变形壁障  /  假人伤害  /  弯曲力矩  /  小腿受力分析  /  加速踏板位移

In order to explore the main cause for exceeding the limit of driver’s right calf injury in European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier (MPDB) collision conditions, the driver’s right leg was analyzed by the dummy’s leg injury evaluation method. Through analysis of the test results, it is concluded that the excessive bending moment on the leg is the main cause of exceeding the limit of driver’s calf injury. The mechanism of calf injury and stress process were analyzed, and the pedal displacement was associated with the leg injury index. The results show that the impact of the foot is affected by the deformation of the accelerator pedal, resulting in excessive bending moment of the calf.

Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier (MPDB)  /  Dummy injury  /  Tibia bending moment  /  Tibia force analysis  /  Pedal displacement
张俊南, 余海龙. 移动渐进变形壁障碰撞试验中驾驶员小腿伤害研究. 汽车工程师, 2023 , (4) : 15 -19 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220086
Junnan Zhang, Hailong Yu. Analysis of Driver Tibia Injury in MPDB Collison Test[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2023 , (4) : 15 -19 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220086
正文
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1 前言
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欧洲新车评价程序（European New Car Assessment Program，Euro NCAP）于2020年引入了正面50%重叠移动渐进变形壁障（Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier，MPDB）碰撞测试项目[1]。部分车型在该项测试中存在驾驶员小腿伤害超标导致的丢分情况。
针对这一问题，国内外学者多从仿真角度分析碰撞过程中假人小腿的伤害机理，通过有限元建模，并结合某单一车型验证模型，用于假人对应位置伤害的预测[2-7]。本文选取20组车型的试验数据，从统计角度分析造成驾驶员腿部伤害超标的主要原因，为车辆结构优化提供参考。
2 Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞测试项目
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2.1 试验方法
MPDB碰撞测试项目中壁障车质量为1 400 kg，试验车辆与壁障车分别以50 km/h的速度进行碰撞，重叠率为50%。在试验车驾驶员位置放置第50百分位的THOR假人，乘员位置放置第50百分位的Hybrid Ⅲ假人，后排分别放置Q6和Q10儿童假人，碰撞形式如图1所示。
2.2 假人小腿伤害指标
Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞测试项目中，规定驾驶员THOR假人小腿评价指标包括胫骨指数（Tibia Index，TI）和胫骨压缩力（Tibia Compression，TC），如表1所示。
THOR假人小腿胫骨压缩力通过小腿力传感器直接采集；胫骨指数由小腿力传感器采集到的力载荷和力矩载荷计算得到。指标主要反映垂直于小腿骨方向的受力以及作用于小腿上、下部位的弯曲力矩导致小腿骨、脚踝等受到伤害的情况[8-9]。作用在小腿上的力与力矩如图2所示。
2.3 假人伤害结果统计
随机抽取20款进行了Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞测试的车型，驾驶员小腿伤害评价得分情况如图3所示。
在Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞测试项目中，驾驶员小腿得分最高为4分。20款车型中，有19款车型驾驶员THOR假人小腿/脚部被扣分，假人腿部伤害统计结果如表2、表3所示。
在Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞测试项目中，驾驶员假人腿部被罚分情况较为突出，且腿部被罚分的主要原因是小腿胫骨指数超标。
3 胫骨指数分析
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3.1 胫骨指数
小腿胫骨指数为：
${I}_{TI}=\left|\frac{{M}_{R}}{({M}_{C}{)}_{R}}\right|+\left|\frac{{F}_{z}}{({F}_{C}{)}_{R}}\right|$
其中：
${M}_{R}=\sqrt{{M}_{x}^{2}+{M}_{y}^{2}}$
式中，MR为Mx和My的合成力矩；Mx、My分别为绕x轴、y轴的弯曲力矩；(MC)R为临界弯矩；Fz为z向的轴向压缩力；(FC)z为z向临界压缩力。
3.2 假人胫骨指数分析
由于驾驶员假人右小腿胫骨指数丢分情况最为严重，本文重点针对驾驶员THOR假人右小腿胫骨指数进行分析。由式（1）可知，胫骨指数主要受到胫骨压缩力、作用在胫骨上绕x轴和绕y轴的弯曲力矩的影响。
20款车型驾驶员右小腿胫骨指数如表4所示，小腿胫骨指数越大，假人受到的伤害越大，其得分越低。
由表4可知，MR/(MC)R所占胫骨指数平均比例为91.75%，Fz/(FC)z所占胫骨指数平均比例仅为8.25%，如图4所示。
由式（2）可知，Mx或My过大都有可能导致合成力矩MR过大。由统计结果可知，My占MR的平均比例为91.05%，Mx占MR的平均比例仅为8.95%，如图5所示。
统计结果表明，MPDB碰撞测试项目驾驶员小腿胫骨指数超标主要受小腿合成力矩MR影响，其中弯曲力矩My过大是主要原因。
4 小腿受力分析
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Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞工况为正面碰撞，碰撞过程中假人的躯干、腿部的主要运动方向为车辆纵向[10]。腿部、脚部受载荷方向、运动方向以及关节结构等因素的影响，小腿主要沿车辆纵向运动。
4.1 小腿受力分析
碰撞过程中，脚部向前运动受到限制，而臀部和膝盖的整体前移迫使小腿绕踝关节和膝关节转动，导致小腿产生弯曲力矩My。在此过程中，容易出现加速踏板向后移动的情况，这会增加脚部受到的载荷，迫使脚部向后运动，小腿受到的弯曲力矩My随之加剧，如图6所示。
某车型MPDB碰撞试验腿部力曲线如图7所示。从时间来看，小腿弯曲力矩My在第53 ms左右达到峰值-120.14 N·m，而大腿压缩力在第58 ms左右开始由正向转为负向增大，在第64 ms左右达到峰值-1.75 kN。这说明大腿在第58 ms以后接触仪表板，小腿弯曲力矩My在此之前已经达到最大值，可以排除大腿撞击仪表板对小腿弯曲力矩My的影响。从受力方向来看，小腿弯曲力矩My从碰撞开始后即向负向增大，说明小腿绕膝盖向后转动，其原因是加速踏板对脚踝施加向后的载荷。
4.2 加速踏板位移分析
碰撞过程中假人右侧小腿弯曲力矩My与假人脚部受到的载荷直接相关，加速踏板的位移对小腿伤害产生重要影响。20款车型中假人小腿伤害和加速踏板的位移情况如表5所示。
按加速踏板x向位移由小到大进行排序，得到加速踏板x向位移与驾驶员右小腿弯曲力矩My、胫骨指数的关系如图8、图9所示。
在MPDB碰撞测试项目中，随着加速踏板向后位移的增大，小腿受到的弯曲力矩My有明显增大的趋势，且小腿胫骨指数随弯曲力矩My的增大同步增大。
5 结束语
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在Euro NCAP MPDB碰撞工况中，驾驶员右侧小腿部位受伤风险较高，主要由胫骨指数超标导致，其主要原因是胫骨受到的弯曲力矩过大。造成小腿胫骨弯曲力矩过大的原因是加速踏板位移对脚部的冲击，碰撞过程中加速踏板位移越大，小腿胫骨指数越大，得分越低。
为降低小腿伤害，可以考虑通过加强车身结构或调整踏板强度，缓解脚部受到的由加速踏板施加的载荷冲击。
文献
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2023年第卷第4期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220086
  • 首发时间：2025-11-25
  • 出版时间：2023-04-15
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  • 修回日期：2023-02-06
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    中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司， 重庆 401122
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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