Article(id=1200066387998769604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1663516800000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764047723053, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1681488000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764047723053, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764047723053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047723053, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200066378846793762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2023', volume='', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764047720872, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047922803, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200067225848741916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200067225848741917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=33, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200066388380451308, articleId=1200066387998769604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research and Control of Low-Frequency Road Noise Based on Transmission Force, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem of excessive low frequency road noise of a vehicle model, this paper used the dynamic stiffness method of working load identification to derive the correlation between body side force and chassis attachment point transfer function, body attachment point transfer function and bushing dynamic stiffness parameters. On this basis, the road noise simulation model of the whole vehicle was established, and the contribution of the transmission path was analyzed. The torsion beam bushing was identified as the main transmission path. By reducing the stiffness parameters of the bushing, the force on the body attachment point was improved, so as to reduce the noise inside the vehicle. The real vehicle verification results show that the low frequency low dynamic stiffness and high damping hydraulic bushing can improve the low frequency road noise problem in the vehicle, and improve the impact residual vibration performance.

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为解决某车型低频路噪过大的问题,利用工作载荷识别的动刚度法,推导出车身侧受力与底盘接附点传递函数、车身接附点传递函数和衬套动刚度参数相关,在此基础上建立了整车路噪仿真模型,进行传递路径贡献分析,识别出扭梁衬套为主要传递路径,通过降低衬套刚度参数改善车身接附点受力,从而降低车内噪声。实车验证结果表明,采用低频低动刚度、高阻尼的液压衬套,可以改善车内低频压耳噪声问题,同时提升冲击余振性能。

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基于传递力的低频路噪研究与控制
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张志达 , 谢然 , 毛华兵
汽车工程师 | 2023,(4): 33-37
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汽车工程师 | 2023, (4): 33-37
基于传递力的低频路噪研究与控制
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张志达, 谢然, 毛华兵
作者信息
  • 广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院, 广州 511434
Research and Control of Low-Frequency Road Noise Based on Transmission Force
Zhida Zhang, Ran Xie, Huabing Mao
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Automobile Engineering Institute, Guangzhou 511434
出版时间: 2023-04-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220003
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为解决某车型低频路噪过大的问题,利用工作载荷识别的动刚度法,推导出车身侧受力与底盘接附点传递函数、车身接附点传递函数和衬套动刚度参数相关,在此基础上建立了整车路噪仿真模型,进行传递路径贡献分析,识别出扭梁衬套为主要传递路径,通过降低衬套刚度参数改善车身接附点受力,从而降低车内噪声。实车验证结果表明,采用低频低动刚度、高阻尼的液压衬套,可以改善车内低频压耳噪声问题,同时提升冲击余振性能。

低频路噪  /  工作载荷识别  /  传递路径分析  /  液压衬套

In order to solve the problem of excessive low frequency road noise of a vehicle model, this paper used the dynamic stiffness method of working load identification to derive the correlation between body side force and chassis attachment point transfer function, body attachment point transfer function and bushing dynamic stiffness parameters. On this basis, the road noise simulation model of the whole vehicle was established, and the contribution of the transmission path was analyzed. The torsion beam bushing was identified as the main transmission path. By reducing the stiffness parameters of the bushing, the force on the body attachment point was improved, so as to reduce the noise inside the vehicle. The real vehicle verification results show that the low frequency low dynamic stiffness and high damping hydraulic bushing can improve the low frequency road noise problem in the vehicle, and improve the impact residual vibration performance.

Low-frequency road noise  /  Working load identification  /  Transfer path analysis  /  Hydraulic bushing
张志达, 谢然, 毛华兵. 基于传递力的低频路噪研究与控制. 汽车工程师, 2023 , (4) : 33 -37 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220003
Zhida Zhang, Ran Xie, Huabing Mao. Research and Control of Low-Frequency Road Noise Based on Transmission Force[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2023 , (4) : 33 -37 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220003
NVH性能是反映汽车品质的重要指标。近年来,汽车NVH性能控制技术发展迅速,汽车整体舒适性得到了大幅提升。但是路噪问题一直存在,尤其是路面激励产生的低频压耳噪声,会使人疲劳和烦躁,严重时会影响乘员身心健康。
目前,针对路面激励导致的低频压耳噪声,大多开展传递路径分析[1-2],主要通过控制车身模态及面板响应[3-4]来降低压耳噪声,没有解释载荷对低频压耳噪声的影响。本文在明确低频压耳噪声产生机理的基础上,基于传递力特性研究悬架激励力控制方法,通过整车仿真分析判断噪声主要传递路径,并通过改善底盘悬架载荷,改善低频压耳噪声问题,最后通过实车试验验证该方法的有效性。
整车路面激励导致的低频压耳感是路面随机激励经底盘件(轮胎、悬架)传递到车身过程中,悬架模态与车身钣金件模态或后背门模态耦合产生的[5],主要频率为20~50 Hz,传递原理如图1所示。激励源是轮胎,轮胎在路面上行驶时,受到路面纵向(X向)激励,绕轮心旋转模态被激励,如图2所示。
动刚度法载荷识别模型如图3所示,该模型描述了底盘(源)和车身(响应)2个独立子系统,底盘和车身间用衬套连接。其中:节点1和节点2为底盘内部节点,节点3和节点4为车身内部节点;$\mathrm{ }{f}_{ s}^{ C}$为在底盘子系统上施加的外力,${f}_{ 2}^{ C}$${f}_{ 3}^{ B}$分别为子系统之间的相互作用力;$\mathrm{ }{u}_{2}^{C}$${u}_{3}^{B}$分别为子系统之间施加的力产生的位移响应;$\mathrm{ }{p}_{4}^{B}$为车内目标点声压级(Sound Pressure Level,SPL)响应。
根据图3中子系统传递特性可得:
${u}_{2}^{C}=\mathrm{ }{H}_{21  }^{C}\mathrm{ }{f}_{ s}^{ C}+{H}_{22}^{C} {f}_{ 2}^{ C}$
${u}_{3}^{B}={H}_{33}^{B}\mathrm{ }{f}_{ 3}^{ B}$
式中,$\mathrm{ }{H}_{21}^{C}$为底盘子系统节点1到节点2的传递函数;${H}_{22}^{C}$为底盘子系统节点2的原点频率响应函数;${H}_{33}^{B}$为车身子系统节点3的原点频率响应函数。
根据平衡条件可得:
${f}_{ 2}^{ C}=-\mathrm{ }{f}_{ 3}^{ B}$
对于结构噪声,工作载荷的获取方法有直接法、动刚度法和矩阵求逆法。直接法需要安装力传感器,实际应用较少。动刚度法是利用弹性元件动刚度计算载荷的一种方法。工作载荷受力可以利用弹性元件动刚度与位移相乘得到[6],可表示为:
${f}_{ 3}^{ B}=K({u}_{2}^{C}-{u}_{3}^{B})$
式中,K为衬套动刚度。
将式(1)~式(3)带入式(4)可得:
${f}_{ 3}^{ B}=(\mathrm{ }{H}_{22}^{C}+{H}_{33}^{B}+{K}^{-1}{)}^{-1}\mathrm{ }{H}_{21}^{C}{f}_{s}^{C}$
由式(5)可知,车身侧受力与底盘接附点传递函数、车身接附点传递函数和衬套动刚度相关。底盘和车身结构确定后,可以通过改变衬套刚度参数改善车身接附点受力。
根据系统传递特性可得车内声压级响应为:
${p}_{4}^{B}={H}_{43}^{B}\mathrm{ }{f}_{ 3}^{ B}$
式中,$\mathrm{ }{H}_{43}^{B} $为车身子系统节点3到节点4的传递函数。
将式(5)带入式(6),可得:
${p}_{4}^{B}=\mathrm{ }{H}_{43}^{B}{({H}_{22}^{C}+{H}_{33}^{B}+{K}^{-1})}^{-1}{H}_{21}^{C}\mathrm{ }{f}_{ s}^{ C}$
由式(7)可知,通过降低衬套刚度参数可以降低车内人耳处响应。
本文采用虚拟试验场和高精度轮胎模型开展路噪仿真。虚拟试验场建模是通过特定的设备将试验场地表面的形貌记录下来并转换为可加载的激励信号的建模方法。本文采用的轮胎模型由轮胎、轮胎空腔及车轮3个部分组成,可在0~300 Hz范围内准确模拟轮胎的力传递特性。在此基础上,本文建立了精度较高的整车有限元模型,如图4所示。
在数据设计阶段,针对某车辆路噪性能进行仿真分析,采用粗糙沥青路面谱信息,随机激励加载方式。该车前悬架为麦弗逊悬架,后悬架采用扭力梁结构,仿真车速为60 km/h,驾驶员位置人耳处声压频谱分解结果如图5所示。
图5中主要存在4个峰值(32 Hz、120 Hz、150 Hz、210 Hz),其中32 Hz为低频噪声,超标严重,主观感受是存在压耳感,影响乘员体验。本文针对该频段峰值进行传递路径分析(Transfer Path Analysis,TPA)[6]
32 Hz噪声TPA结果如图6所示,贡献量最大的2个路径分别是扭力梁左、右侧衬套安装点X向。进一步分析32 Hz处的噪声传递函数(Noise Transfer Function,NTF)以及该点载荷受力,结果如图7图8所示。从图7中可以看出,扭力梁左、右侧衬套安装点X向声压级为50 dB(A),满足指标要求,而这2个安装点X向载荷力较大。
根据工作载荷识别理论,车身侧受力与底盘接附点传递函数、车身接附点传递函数和衬套动刚度参数相关。该车辆车身接附点动刚度(Input Point Intertancle,IPI)如图9所示,满足设计要求。因此,可以通过降低扭力梁衬套刚度来改善车身接附点受力,从而达到降低车内噪声的目的。
扭力梁衬套是纯橡胶结构衬套,衬套X向动特性如图10所示,在32 Hz处动刚度达到5 000 N/mm。由工作载荷识别理论可知,通过降低衬套刚度可以改善车身接附点受力,从而改善低频压耳噪声问题。
在整车仿真模型中,将衬套X向动刚度降低50%,仿真分析对比结果如图11所示。衬套刚度降低后,32 Hz处声压级幅值降低3 dB(A),但阻尼也会同时降低,从而带来冲击余振过大的问题[7]。为了解决低频压耳噪声问题,且不牺牲冲击余振性能,选择采用液压衬套。液压衬套具有低频阻尼大、刚度小的特性。
扭力梁橡胶和液压衬套动特性对比情况如图12所示,由图12可知,在32 Hz处液压衬套刚度为1 800 N/mm,液压衬套滞后角为46°,该衬套参数满足低频低动刚度、高阻尼的性能要求。
将液压衬套装车进行验证,如图13所示,测试工况为车速60 km/h粗糙路,测试位置为驾驶员人耳处。测试数据显示,在32 Hz处声压级峰值降低4 dB(A),如图14所示。通过对比评价,低频压耳声改善明显,主观评价可以接受。
本文针对某车型低频压耳噪声问题,阐述了其产生机理,并通过降低悬架载荷改善了低频压耳噪声问题,最后通过实车试验验证了方法的有效性。主要结论如下:
a. 车内压耳噪声产生的主要原因是,轮胎受到路面X向激励,轮胎绕轮心旋转模态被激励,该模态与车身钣金局部模态(如顶棚、地板)或背门模态耦合,车内产生低频压耳噪声。
b. 通过工作载荷识别动刚度法,获得车身接附点受力,在底盘和车身结构确定的情况下,通过改变衬套刚度参数改善车身接附点受力,可以达到改善车内低频噪声的目的。
c. 利用液压衬套低频阻尼大、刚度小的特性,在改善车内低频压耳噪声问题的同时,也可改善冲击余振性能。
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220003
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-04-15
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  • 修回日期:2022-09-19
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    广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院, 广州 511434
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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