Article(id=1200066386887278959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1667923200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764047722788, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1681488000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764047722788, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764047722788, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047722788, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200066378846793762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2023', volume='', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764047720872, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047922803, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200067225848741916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200067225848741917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066378846793762, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200066387243794827, articleId=1200066386887278959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research and Improvement of Water Leakage in the Positioning Pin of the Door Trim, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the defect of water leakage of the positioning pin of the door trim during the trial assembly stage of a vehicle model, this article searched for the cause from water management of the door system, positioning method of the door trim, sealing structure of the door trim, and seal material. It is found that the positioning pin through the door sheet metal locating hole is impacted by large water flow, and the sealing pad of the positioning pin blocking the sheet metal hole has less compression on the sheet metal, the gravity and impact force of water is greater than the sealing force of the sealing pad, water pushes the sealing pad apart and flows along the sealing pad to the inside of the door trim. The stress and deformation of the foam cushion block of the positioning pin seal of the door trim were studied. Increasing the thickness of the foam cushion block of the locating pin and increasing the support rate of the positioning pin base to the foam cushion block of the positioning pin will increase the compression of the positioning pin seal cushion block to the sheet metal, and make sure the sealing force of the foam cushion block is greater than the thrust of water on it, the defect was thus solved, and the design and verification criteria for the door trim board positioning and water management were optimized.

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为解决某车型在试装阶段门护板定位销漏水问题,从车门系统的水管理、门护板的定位方式、门护板的密封结构、密封件材料等方面查找原因,获得具体原因是穿过车门钣金定位孔的定位销处于水流量较大的冲击环境中,封堵钣金孔的定位销密封垫块对钣金的压缩量较小,水的重力和冲击力大于密封垫块的密封力,水将密封垫块挤开并沿着密封垫块流到门护板内部。研究了门护板定位销密封件泡沫垫块的受力与形变,增加定位销泡沫垫块的厚度并提高定位销基座对定位销泡沫垫块的支撑率,使得定位销密封垫块对钣金的压缩量增大,保证泡沫垫块的密封力大于水对其的推力,解决了该缺陷,并优化了门护板定位和水管理的设计校核标准。

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C/mm Amax/mm
θ=4° θ=5° θ=6° θ=7° θ=8°
25 114 102 93 85 78
30 145 131 119 109 100
35 177 159 145 133 122
40 209 188 171 156 144
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A的最大值

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C/mm Amax/mm
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30 145 131 119 109 100
35 177 159 145 133 122
40 209 188 171 156 144
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D/mm Amin/mm
θ=4° θ=5° θ=6° θ=7° θ=8°
11 157 126 105 90 78
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A的最小值

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D/mm Amin/mm
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门护板定位销漏水问题的研究与改进措施
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张超 , 樊友嗣 , 段小草 , 陈思茹 , 朱毅
汽车工程师 | 2023,(4): 42-48
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汽车工程师 | 2023, (4): 42-48
门护板定位销漏水问题的研究与改进措施
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张超, 樊友嗣, 段小草, 陈思茹, 朱毅
作者信息
  • 神龙汽车有限公司, 武汉 430056
Research and Improvement of Water Leakage in the Positioning Pin of the Door Trim
Chao Zhang, Yousi Fan, Xiaocao Duan, Siru Chen, Yi Zhu
Affiliations
  • Dongfeng Peugeot Citroen Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056
出版时间: 2023-04-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220002
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为解决某车型在试装阶段门护板定位销漏水问题,从车门系统的水管理、门护板的定位方式、门护板的密封结构、密封件材料等方面查找原因,获得具体原因是穿过车门钣金定位孔的定位销处于水流量较大的冲击环境中,封堵钣金孔的定位销密封垫块对钣金的压缩量较小,水的重力和冲击力大于密封垫块的密封力,水将密封垫块挤开并沿着密封垫块流到门护板内部。研究了门护板定位销密封件泡沫垫块的受力与形变,增加定位销泡沫垫块的厚度并提高定位销基座对定位销泡沫垫块的支撑率,使得定位销密封垫块对钣金的压缩量增大,保证泡沫垫块的密封力大于水对其的推力,解决了该缺陷,并优化了门护板定位和水管理的设计校核标准。

门护板  /  定位销  /  泡沫垫块  /  水管理

In order to solve the defect of water leakage of the positioning pin of the door trim during the trial assembly stage of a vehicle model, this article searched for the cause from water management of the door system, positioning method of the door trim, sealing structure of the door trim, and seal material. It is found that the positioning pin through the door sheet metal locating hole is impacted by large water flow, and the sealing pad of the positioning pin blocking the sheet metal hole has less compression on the sheet metal, the gravity and impact force of water is greater than the sealing force of the sealing pad, water pushes the sealing pad apart and flows along the sealing pad to the inside of the door trim. The stress and deformation of the foam cushion block of the positioning pin seal of the door trim were studied. Increasing the thickness of the foam cushion block of the locating pin and increasing the support rate of the positioning pin base to the foam cushion block of the positioning pin will increase the compression of the positioning pin seal cushion block to the sheet metal, and make sure the sealing force of the foam cushion block is greater than the thrust of water on it, the defect was thus solved, and the design and verification criteria for the door trim board positioning and water management were optimized.

Door trim  /  Positioning pin  /  Foam block  /  Water management
张超, 樊友嗣, 段小草, 陈思茹, 朱毅. 门护板定位销漏水问题的研究与改进措施. 汽车工程师, 2023 , (4) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220002
Chao Zhang, Yousi Fan, Xiaocao Duan, Siru Chen, Yi Zhu. Research and Improvement of Water Leakage in the Positioning Pin of the Door Trim[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2023 , (4) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220002
门护板具有一定操作、倚靠、保护乘员安全、储物、密封车门内钣金孔等功能[1],其定位和紧固均作用在车门内钣金上,一般采用定位销配合钣金孔定位,采用8~10个“鸟嘴形”塑料卡扣卡接在钣金孔中紧固[2]。车门内钣金和门护板之间的区域为干区,因此门护板对车门内钣金的密封是车门系统水管理分析的重点。
本文针对某车型门护板定位销漏水问题,通过理论分析与淋雨试验验证,分析门护板定位销漏水问题的原因并提出改进方案,最后对该车型门护板淋雨试验方法和评价方法以及设计校核标准进行更新。
某车型门护板采用“一面两销”的定位方式限制6个自由度,如图1所示:上方的定位方式为上体内部的卡槽卡在内水切密封条处,前、后侧和下方的定位由裙边内侧一圈“鸟嘴型”塑料卡扣卡接在钣金孔中,这样上、下、前、后形成一个“面”,限制了门护板Y向的移动和X向、Z向的转动;门护板上有2个定位销,前定位销为十字定位销,限制X向、Z向的移动,后定位销为一字定位销,限制Y向的转动。若定位销钣金孔为圆形,则定位销设计为一字型和十字型。本文车型定位销钣金孔为椭圆形,因此,十字定位销截面为王字型,一字定位销截面为工字型。某车型定位销在门护板上直接注射成型,定位精确,且定位销长度可以根据装配需要调整[3]
在批量试装阶段的整车淋雨试验中,整车在30 mm/min的喷水量下翻转淋雨30 min。淋雨试验完成后,打开车门发现门槛装饰件和地毯进水,门护板下方裙边边缘有水迹流到钣金边缘,拆开门护板,发现十字定位销泡沫垫块有水迹,定位销钣金孔附近有水滴,其下方扬声器表面存在水滴,如图2所示,一字定位销处无漏水现象。
根据经验,门护板定位销漏水的可能原因如下:
a. 门护板定位销泡沫垫块密封设计不合理;
b. 门护板定位销泡沫垫块密封压缩量不足;
c. 门护板泡沫垫块材料弹性不足;
d. 淋雨时门护板定位销处积水量大。
对于上述前3个原因,可以通过该车型和对比车型的定位销泡沫垫块密封的压缩量理论值和实际值对比分析来验证,定位销处积水量大可以通过环境件分析和淋雨分析来验证。
该车型门护板的2个定位销均采用同一种密封垫块进行密封,密封垫块厚度为10 mm,钣金台面与定位销基座台面的距离为5 mm,泡沫垫块的压缩量为5 mm,如图3a所示。理论上,泡沫垫块有5 mm的厚度封堵在钣金孔中,同平台另一款车型的密封结构与此相同,如图3b所示,说明该密封结构设计合理。
在门护板装配完成状态下,泡沫垫块的压缩量无法直接测量,可以通过泡沫垫块的厚度和钣金台面与定位销基座台面的距离计算获得。由于门护板检具没有测量钣金台面与定位销基座台面距离的功能,因此采用1∶1比例的铸铝毛坯装配而成的标准车身作为检具。取下门护板定位销泡沫垫块,在定位基座和定位销上放入厚度为15 mm的橡皮泥垫块,装配在标准车身的车门模块上,然后拆下门护板,测量橡皮泥与钣金台面的印记与定位销基座台面的距离,一字定位销的相应距离为5 mm,十字定位销的相应距离为7 mm,即十字定位销泡沫垫块的压缩量仅有3 mm,如图4所示。
十字定位销基座被一圈椭圆形的筋和内部筋分割,产生6个凹槽,凹槽深度为5~20 mm,而同平台车型凹槽深度只有2~3 mm,如图5所示。因为定位销筋的厚度仅有1.9 mm,造成支撑率不足,拆卸下门护板后,发现泡沫垫块表面被定位基座筋压出凹槽。定位销凹槽面积占总面积的80%,压缩泡沫垫块时,泡沫垫块向定位销凹槽挤压填充,定位销凹槽产生一定变形,造成钣金孔的压缩量不足。理论压缩量为5 mm,定位销凹槽压缩量为3 mm,则钣金孔的压缩量仅2 mm。
定位销泡沫垫块材料为聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE)发泡,密度为35 kg/m3。定位销密封用的泡沫垫块应具有较好的回弹性能,如压缩时产生塌陷,不能起到密封作用。
门护板在安装前,定位销泡沫垫块未被压缩,正、反面均平整。安装完成后,拆卸下门护板,发现定位销泡沫垫块在钣金面外沿的部分较为平整,内圈因被压到钣金孔内,形成椭圆形凸台。受分割定位销基座槽的筋的压力作用,定位销泡沫垫块在定位销基座面出现凹槽,其余部分则凸出。这说明定位销材料在压缩后出现了永久变形,无法回弹,如图6所示。
综上,由于钣金件孔存在半径为3.5 mm的圆角,理论上钣金件处泡沫垫块的压缩量为3.5 mm,定位销基座的压缩量为1.5 mm。实际上,由于符合性问题,定位销基座与钣金的间隙为7 mm,定位销基座的筋对泡沫垫块的支撑面积远小于钣金件对其的支撑面积,导致压缩量大多分配在定位销基座的凹槽。凹槽内部分配的压缩量为2.5 mm,在钣金孔处的压缩量仅为0.5 mm,且水均积聚在半径为3.5 mm的圆角围成的凹缝中。定位销泡沫垫块理论压缩量分配和实际压缩量分配对比如图7所示。最后,由于泡沫垫块的回弹性能差,密封钣金的力小于水的重力与冲击力的合力,水将压缩量为0.5 mm的密封垫块挤开,沿密封垫块和钣金的接触面流下,穿过密封垫块的水滴积聚后,滴漏在下方扬声器上,造成漏水缺陷。
根据淋雨方式的不同,水的重力与冲击力的占比不同。水平淋雨时,冲击力为主要因素,因为限位器和定位销自身反弹的水流冲击定位销及定位销孔。翻转淋雨时,重力为主要因素,因为此时水流的重力作用轨迹线会经过定位销及定位销孔。
校核环境件发现,限位器与定位销的最小距离为9.8 mm,如图8所示。淋雨时,雨水沿着门护板上体前的内水切的玻璃外沿竖直向下流,进入车门内板钣金和外板钣金之间,而限位器也在两者之间。水流在重力作用下冲击限位器壳体,限位器壳体将水流反弹溅射到十字定位销上,使该区域的流水量增多。
由于定位销头部相对从侧窗玻璃流下的雨水形成的竖直水流线超出12 mm,淋雨时水路一定会经过定位销,使其处于丰水区,定位销泡沫垫块更易漏水。而对比车型因为上体和内水切密封条的遮挡作用,使定位销泡沫垫块处于干区,如图9所示。
综合以上分析,门护板定位销漏水的主要原因有:
a. 门护板十字定位销基座台面与钣金台面间隙大,超出标准公差2 mm;
b. 门护板卡扣基座凹槽面积过大,缺少支撑,泡沫垫块因凹槽变形导致压缩量减少;
c. 定位销泡沫垫块材料回弹性能差,钣金孔密封力不足;
d. 门护板十字定位销处于丰水区。
针对门护板定位销漏水的原因a,可以通过调整门护板符合性来解决问题。由于一字定位销在中嵌饰板骨架上,十字定位销在主框架上,主框架和中嵌饰板通过焊接连接,涉及的尺寸链较长,造成2个定位销基座与钣金凸台表面距离存在差异,在后续在设计上,2个定位销应尽量设计注塑在同一子件(主框架或中嵌饰板)上。针对原因b和原因c,可以通过增加泡沫垫块的压缩量和支持率来解决。原因d属于先天设计问题,当前阶段不宜对门护板进行大幅修改。经过以上分析,制定了临时方案和长期方案。
临时方案是在门护板的定位销基座上增加厚度为1 mm的塑料椭圆环形垫片,如图10所示。该垫片将定位销基座上的凹槽与泡沫垫块隔绝,使泡沫垫块向定位销基座方向的变形很小,泡沫垫块向钣金面方向变形,紧紧地塞在钣金孔内。另外,垫片和泡沫垫块的总厚度为11 mm,压缩量为6 mm,使得泡沫垫块对钣金孔的密封力更大,密封性能更好。
临时方案实施后,门护板十字定位销处不再漏水,方案有效。该方案需增加一个垫片零件,且需要将其套入定位销中,增加工时,且存在漏装的风险,零件开发成本和人工成本较高,仅能作为临时方案。
临时方案中,增加垫片是为了增大压缩量,长期方案也按照此原理,增加泡沫垫块的厚度。
为了弥补材料回弹性能不足导致的密封性能不足,增大泡沫垫块的厚度,由10 mm增加至12 mm。
临时方案增加的椭圆环形垫片隔开了定位销基座的凹槽,增大对定位销泡沫垫块的支撑面积,长期方案也按照此原理,增大定位销基座筋的宽度,增大支撑面积。
定位销基座筋的宽度为1.9 mm,最理想的修改方案是增大筋的宽度,将凹槽填平使定位销基座台面成为平整面。但考虑到模具结构,只能尽可能地增大筋的宽度,提高支撑率。经过模具分析,宽度最多可增大至3.8 mm,增加后,其支撑面积和支撑率可以提高了1倍,如图11所示。
制作定位销筋加宽的快速样件,如图12所示。采用12 mm泡沫垫块,淋雨试验未发现定位销处漏水,缺陷消除。然后启动模具修改,改模件上线后,经过大批量验证,没有发现门护板定位销漏水,证明该组合方案有效。
门护板安装在车门钣金的过程为:先将门护板内部带槽的上体挂在钣金上的内水切密封条上,然后以内水切密封条轴向为旋转轴,将定位销斜插入钣金定位孔,然后将鸟嘴型卡扣安装在钣金卡扣孔处[4]。如图13所示,设旋转轴中心与定位销中心的距离为A,定位销超出玻璃的尺寸为B,竖直水流线与钣金的距离为C,定位销顶点与钣金的距离为D,按照近似等价原理,门护板截面段为长直角边,长度为A,钣金截面段为斜边,尺寸为E,定位销截面段即为理论定位销,其长度为D,三者构成一个直角三角形,其夹角θ为安装角(θ的取值范围为4°~8°)。以上尺寸的几何关系如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}D=B+C\\ sin\theta =D/E\\ tan\theta =D/E\end{array}\right.$
由等价无穷小原理,当θ→0°时,sinθ~tanθ,当θ很小时(<5°),sinθ≈tanθ。当θ在5°~8°范围内时,工程上近似认为sinθ≈tanθ。当θ在4°~8°范围内时,AE,门护板可顺利安装。定位销长度D=B+CC的取值范围为25~40 mm,要保证定位销被门护板上体及玻璃挡住,则B的取值为0,甚至为负值。车辆在静态下,通过A=D/tanθ可得A的取值范围。考虑到车辆颠簸时水滴的晃动有不确定性,设安全距离为S=10 mm。则安全距离下的定位销长度DS=D-S,通过A=DS/tanθ计算可得A的取值范围。
考虑翻转淋雨及车辆颠簸同时存在的情况,翻转淋雨时,汽车与水平地面的倾角为5°,设此时的定位销长度为D′,定位销头部到竖直水流线的距离为G,水流恰好接触定位销,如图13c所示,有C′=D′+G+F·tan5°,G=0,即:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}F=A\text{'}-J\\ C\text{'}=D\text{'}+F\times tan5°\\ {D}_{s}^{\text{'}}=D\text{'}-S\\ A\text{'}={D}_{s}^{\text{'}}/tan\theta \end{array}\right.$
式中,F为翻转5°时玻璃最下端到定位销中心线的垂直距离;A′为翻转5°时旋转轴中心与定位销中心的距离;C′为翻转5°时钣金到过玻璃与钣金平行线的距离,其取值与C相等;D′为翻转5°时定位销顶点与钣金的距离;J=33 mm为旋转中心与玻璃下边缘的距离;DS′为安全距离下的定位销长度。
式(2)化简可得:
$A\mathrm{\text{'}}=\frac{C\text{'}+J\times tan5°-S}{tan\theta +tan5°}$
同一条件下,A′<A,故只需计算A′即可。
定位销的长度D应大于钣金孔的宽度HH=6 mm)与装配导向倒角的水平距离(5 mm)之和为11 mm。由此可以计算A的最小值AminA的最大值Amax和最小值Amin计算结果如表1表2所示。
以上计算结果出现了最小值大于最大值的情况,需要尽量避免。由表1表2可知,定位销在门护板Z向的高度位置决定了定位销的长度。该车型门护板安装角为8°,因为定位销设计在门护板中部,A=240 mm,导致定位销长度较长。优化后的门护板水管理方法为:将定位销长度设计在AmaxAmin之间,定位销可以设计得较短,从而被上体、内水切、玻璃遮挡,且避开了中部限位器的淋雨水反弹,使定位销区域成为“干水区”,同时可以降低密封用的泡沫垫块性能要求,且不会出现漏水。
该车型门护板淋雨试验的检查存在误判情况,因为定位销很长,在淋雨试验中会被淋到,且水在定位销上出现残留。拆除门护板时,残留的水流到泡沫垫块端面、钣金端面和扬声器表面,造成漏水的误判。为此本文更新检查标准,在淋雨试验结束后,如发现门护板下方有水,先使用切割机将门护板表面层切除,再做一次淋雨试验。试验过程中,检查员坐在车内,实时观察门护板定位销和其他位置是否漏水,如扬声器、钣金孔贴片、防雨帘、门护板卡扣,破拆门护板如图14所示。
通过水管理分析,发现环境也是定位销漏水问题的重要影响因素。本文通过探讨设计标准,提出将定位销长度设计在门护板Z向的A值取值区间内,使定位销处于干区环境,并更新了淋雨检查方法,避免了淋雨缺陷的误判。通过解决试装阶段门护板定位销漏水问题,得出以下结论:
a. 门护板在设计之初应考虑水管理设计,针对门护板密封钣金孔的部分开展密封性分析,3D数据定义固化时,应进行水管理校核。
b. 定位销在Z向的高度决定了其在Y向的长度,高度应小于最大临界值,使定位销被上体、内水切、玻璃遮挡,同时避免中下部零部件如限位器等将雨水反弹飞溅到定位销。
c. 定位销密封件泡沫垫块要选择回弹性能好的材料,对泡沫垫块的压缩量分析要考虑两侧压缩量的分配,只有提高定位销基座一侧的支撑率,甚至做成大平面,钣金孔一侧压缩量才能达到理论值,实现理想的密封效果。
d. 十字定位销和一字定位销最好同时设计在本体或其他子件上,避免分别布置在2个子件上,造成尺寸链较长导致误差累积超差,调整到合格范围内比较困难。
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2023年第卷第4期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20220002
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-04-15
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  • 修回日期:2022-11-09
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    神龙汽车有限公司, 武汉 430056
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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