Article(id=1200066382231601226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066375432635297, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1693843200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764047721679, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1702569600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764047721679, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764047721679, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764047721679, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200066375432635297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2023', volume='', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='45', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764047720058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764048344119, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200068992980320464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066375432635297, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200068992980320465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1200066375432635297, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=32, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200066382479065180, articleId=1200066382231601226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research on Impact of Intake Throttling Optimization on NOx Emission of Diesel Engine under LLC, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of the unsuitability of the original suspension parameters after upgrading a central motor electric vehicle to a In Wheel motor car, A half-car passive suspension model is established in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the problem. The spring stiffness and damping coefficients of the front and rear suspensions are taken as independent variables, while the root mean square values of the vehicle’s center of gravity acceleration, pitch angle acceleration, suspension deflection, and tire load are considered as optimization objectives. The grey wolf optimization algorithm is employed to search for the optimal stiffness and damping parameters. The simulation results show that after optimization, the handling stability of the suspension remains within a reasonable range, while the comfort level is improved by 12.73%.

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为研究柴油机进气节流对发动机低负荷工况排放的影响,选取某满足国家第六阶段污染物排放标准的6.234 L柴油机,在发动机台架上开展了美国加州低负荷循环(LLC)工况排放试验,并通过低负荷工况下进气节流的方式对发动机控制器(ECU)进行了标定优化,对比分析了优化方案对LLC工况下的排气温度、氮氧化物(NOx)排放量和油耗的影响。结果表明:进气节流能够有效提升低负荷工况下发动机排气温度,对LLC工况下的NOx排放具有明显的改善作用。

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Vehicle Engine, 2017(4): 1-5+10., articleTitle=Effects of Intake Throttling on Low Load Performance of Diesel Engine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200066396165079052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=11, pageStart=5063, pageEnd=5071, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=汪晓伟, 景晓军, 高涛, journalName=中国环境科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪晓伟, 景晓军, 高涛, 等. 重型车低负荷运行特征及NOx排放特性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(11): 5063-5071., articleTitle=重型车低负荷运行特征及NOx排放特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200066396303491105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=11, pageStart=5063, pageEnd=5071, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=WANG X W, JING X J, GAO T, journalName=China Environmental Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X W, JING X J, GAO T, et al. Low Load Running Characteristics and NOx Emission under Low Load for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022, 42(11): 5063-5071., articleTitle=Low Load Running Characteristics and NOx Emission under Low Load for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200066396521594927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=生态环境部, journalName=重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段): GB 17691—2018, refType=null, unstructuredReference=生态环境部. 重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段): GB 17691—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200066396676784194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Ministry of Ecology and Environment, journalName=Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Diesel Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles (China Ⅵ): GB 17691——2018, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Diesel Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles (China Ⅵ): GB 17691——2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200066396836167761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=35, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=许丹丹, 高东志, 赵健福, journalName=小型内燃机与车辆技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许丹丹, 高东志, 赵健福, 等. 基于比功率的重型车低负荷工况排放特性研究[J]. 小型内燃机与车辆技术, 2022, 51(3): 35-40., articleTitle=基于比功率的重型车低负荷工况排放特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200066397008134245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=35, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=XU D D, GAO D Z, ZHAO J F, journalName=Small Internal Combustion Engines and Vehicle Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU D D, GAO D Z, ZHAO J F, et al. Research on Emission Characteristics of Heavy-Duty Vehicle under Low-Load Condition Based on Specific Power[J]. Small Internal Combustion Engines and Vehicle Technology, 2022, 51(3): 35-40., articleTitle=Research on Emission Characteristics of Heavy-Duty Vehicle under Low-Load Condition Based on Specific Power, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200066384366502128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200066384383279345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, companyId=1200066384366502128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=CATARC Automotive Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200066384395862260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, companyId=1200066384366502128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中汽研汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司, 天津 300300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200066388997014060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3/XSUQefZWkU6bJPonPbQQ==, figureFileBig=XwkluQSU3SllD1yCU0K4sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066390163030590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=图1, caption=发动机LLC工况, figureFileSmall=3/XSUQefZWkU6bJPonPbQQ==, figureFileBig=XwkluQSU3SllD1yCU0K4sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066390506963545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EIeaenIAba922LUr0bLSQg==, figureFileBig=46cijBb6qtlfUsCBaJJjFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066390657958504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=图2, caption=发动机LLC工况点, figureFileSmall=EIeaenIAba922LUr0bLSQg==, figureFileBig=46cijBb6qtlfUsCBaJJjFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066390813147761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NzZpy5AO5CXBwg6q9243mA==, figureFileBig=XZbeQYf40f2k3lLBnrQy5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066390985114233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LLC工况CO2比排放, figureFileSmall=NzZpy5AO5CXBwg6q9243mA==, figureFileBig=XZbeQYf40f2k3lLBnrQy5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066391131914884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3UXnMn0ixD/QmDG31r0k4Q==, figureFileBig=l7ayOy5JNwbDYPYmwk9hsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066391312269978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=图4, caption=怠速片段, figureFileSmall=3UXnMn0ixD/QmDG31r0k4Q==, figureFileBig=l7ayOy5JNwbDYPYmwk9hsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200066391438099108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 参数
排量/L 6.234
气缸数量/个 6
最大净功率/kW 195(2 300 r/min)
最大净扭矩/N·m 1 035(1 200~1 700 r/min)
怠速转速/r·min-1 650±25
最高允许转速/r·min-1 2 580±40
), ArticleFig(id=1200066391580705461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

发动机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 参数
排量/L 6.234
气缸数量/个 6
最大净功率/kW 195(2 300 r/min)
最大净扭矩/N·m 1 035(1 200~1 700 r/min)
怠速转速/r·min-1 650±25
最高允许转速/r·min-1 2 580±40
), ArticleFig(id=1200066391714923201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验设备 设备信息
电力测功机 AVLINDYP44-4/1867-1XS-1
油耗仪 AVL 735S
排放采样分析系统 AVL AMAi60
颗粒计数系统 AVL 489
中冷控制设备 上海典圆 DET8613
), ArticleFig(id=1200066391878501078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要试验设备

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验设备 设备信息
电力测功机 AVLINDYP44-4/1867-1XS-1
油耗仪 AVL 735S
排放采样分析系统 AVL AMAi60
颗粒计数系统 AVL 489
中冷控制设备 上海典圆 DET8613
), ArticleFig(id=1200066392012718819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扭矩/N·m 转速/r·min-1
[640,
660)
[660,700) [700,800) [800,900) [900,
1 000)
[1 000,
1 100)
[1 100,
1 200)
[1 200,
1 300)
[1 300,
1 400)
[1 400,
1 500)
<-50 0.04 0.80 0.22 0.42 0.53 0.73 0.24 0.36 0.33 0.38
[-50,0) 14.72 0.40 0.18 0.51 0.47 0.29 0.40 1.03 0.67 0.47
[0,50) 26.75 0.78 0.60 1.00 1.54 2.05 2.76 2.29 2.03 1.23
[50,100) 0.09 0.25 0.91 0.51 1.03 1.20 0.89 1.11 1.03 1.16
[100,150) 0.00 0.02 0.58 0.25 0.40 0.34 0.34 0.58 0.60 0.42
[150,200) 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.18 0.16 0.27 0.42 0.51 0.85 0.27
[200,250) 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.36 0.54 0.65 0.47
[250,300) 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.33 0.53 0.45 0.24
), ArticleFig(id=1200066392214045432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LLC工况点分布(工况点数量占比) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扭矩/N·m 转速/r·min-1
[640,
660)
[660,700) [700,800) [800,900) [900,
1 000)
[1 000,
1 100)
[1 100,
1 200)
[1 200,
1 300)
[1 300,
1 400)
[1 400,
1 500)
<-50 0.04 0.80 0.22 0.42 0.53 0.73 0.24 0.36 0.33 0.38
[-50,0) 14.72 0.40 0.18 0.51 0.47 0.29 0.40 1.03 0.67 0.47
[0,50) 26.75 0.78 0.60 1.00 1.54 2.05 2.76 2.29 2.03 1.23
[50,100) 0.09 0.25 0.91 0.51 1.03 1.20 0.89 1.11 1.03 1.16
[100,150) 0.00 0.02 0.58 0.25 0.40 0.34 0.34 0.58 0.60 0.42
[150,200) 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.18 0.16 0.27 0.42 0.51 0.85 0.27
[200,250) 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.36 0.54 0.65 0.47
[250,300) 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.33 0.53 0.45 0.24
), ArticleFig(id=1200066392373429002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扭矩/N·m 转速/r·min-1
[640,
660)
[660,700) [700,800) [800,900) [900,
1 000)
[1 000,
1 100)
[1 100,
1 200)
[1 200,
1 300)
[1 300,
1 400)
[1 400,
1 500)
<-50 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.07 0.16 0.11 0.23 0.63 1.41 0.88
[-50,0) 5.44 0.18 0.02 0.22 0.05 0.02 0.31 0.68 0.49 0.33
[0,50) 10.06 0.42 0.29 0.17 0.46 0.86 1.05 0.78 1.36 1.07
[50,100) 0.01 0.03 0.58 0.14 0.47 0.54 0.60 1.52 1.92 1.06
[100,150) 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.07 0.04 0.44 0.03 0.59 0.26 0.75
[150,200) 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.07 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.39 0.45 0.27
[200,250) 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.42 0.42 1.06
[250,300) 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.54 0.17 1.04
), ArticleFig(id=1200066392545395490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

NOx排放质量分布(排放质量占比) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扭矩/N·m 转速/r·min-1
[640,
660)
[660,700) [700,800) [800,900) [900,
1 000)
[1 000,
1 100)
[1 100,
1 200)
[1 200,
1 300)
[1 300,
1 400)
[1 400,
1 500)
<-50 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.07 0.16 0.11 0.23 0.63 1.41 0.88
[-50,0) 5.44 0.18 0.02 0.22 0.05 0.02 0.31 0.68 0.49 0.33
[0,50) 10.06 0.42 0.29 0.17 0.46 0.86 1.05 0.78 1.36 1.07
[50,100) 0.01 0.03 0.58 0.14 0.47 0.54 0.60 1.52 1.92 1.06
[100,150) 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.07 0.04 0.44 0.03 0.59 0.26 0.75
[150,200) 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.07 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.39 0.45 0.27
[200,250) 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.42 0.42 1.06
[250,300) 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.54 0.17 1.04
), ArticleFig(id=1200066392738333486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 NOx排放量/g 循环功
/kW·h
PN/个 SCR系统平均温度/℃ NOx转换效率/%
原始
状态
32.26 20.16 7.27×1011 187.42 77.82
方案1 18.96 19.59 7.55×1011 201.45 85.05
方案2 12.11 19.52 9.11×1011 225.01 94.75
), ArticleFig(id=1200066392914494265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

LLC工况测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 NOx排放量/g 循环功
/kW·h
PN/个 SCR系统平均温度/℃ NOx转换效率/%
原始
状态
32.26 20.16 7.27×1011 187.42 77.82
方案1 18.96 19.59 7.55×1011 201.45 85.05
方案2 12.11 19.52 9.11×1011 225.01 94.75
), ArticleFig(id=1200066393040323394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数项目 数值① 数值② 差值
时间/s 1 459 1 521 62
上游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 121 114 -7
方案1 172 167 5
方案2 222 230 8
下游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 0 0 0
方案1 0 0 0
方案2 0 0 0
SCR系统上游温度/℃ 原始状态 230.9 229.4 -1.5
方案1 232.3 229.9 -2.4
方案2 256.0 253.4 -2.6
进气流量/g·s-1 原始状态 36.72 35.97 -0.75
方案1 26.68 26.24 -0.44
方案2 21.34 21.11 -0.23
燃油消耗量/L·h-1 原始状态 0.900 0.850 -0.050
方案1 1.018 1.000 -0.018
方案2 1.125 1.150 0.025
), ArticleFig(id=1200066393203901265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

短时间怠速分析数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数项目 数值① 数值② 差值
时间/s 1 459 1 521 62
上游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 121 114 -7
方案1 172 167 5
方案2 222 230 8
下游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 0 0 0
方案1 0 0 0
方案2 0 0 0
SCR系统上游温度/℃ 原始状态 230.9 229.4 -1.5
方案1 232.3 229.9 -2.4
方案2 256.0 253.4 -2.6
进气流量/g·s-1 原始状态 36.72 35.97 -0.75
方案1 26.68 26.24 -0.44
方案2 21.34 21.11 -0.23
燃油消耗量/L·h-1 原始状态 0.900 0.850 -0.050
方案1 1.018 1.000 -0.018
方案2 1.125 1.150 0.025
), ArticleFig(id=1200066393333924701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数项目 数值③ 数值④ 差值
时间/s 4 242 4 875 633
上游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 117 115 -2
方案1 166 168 2
方案2 216 220 4
下游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 0 109 109
方案1 0 50 50
方案2 0 0 0
SCR系统上游温度/℃ 原始状态 160.0 96.5 -63.5
方案1 187.7 127.5 -60.2
方案2 214.6 155.8 -58.8
进气流量/g·s-1 原始状态 35.74 35.83 0.09
方案1 26.38 26.34 -0.04
方案2 21.38 21.05 -0.33
燃油消耗量/L·h-1 原始状态 0.900 0.850 -0.050
方案1 1.000 0.976 -0.020
方案2 1.150 1.150 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1200066393493308272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

长时间怠速分析数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数项目 数值③ 数值④ 差值
时间/s 4 242 4 875 633
上游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 117 115 -2
方案1 166 168 2
方案2 216 220 4
下游NOx传感器示数/×10-6 原始状态 0 109 109
方案1 0 50 50
方案2 0 0 0
SCR系统上游温度/℃ 原始状态 160.0 96.5 -63.5
方案1 187.7 127.5 -60.2
方案2 214.6 155.8 -58.8
进气流量/g·s-1 原始状态 35.74 35.83 0.09
方案1 26.38 26.34 -0.04
方案2 21.38 21.05 -0.33
燃油消耗量/L·h-1 原始状态 0.900 0.850 -0.050
方案1 1.000 0.976 -0.020
方案2 1.150 1.150 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1200066394655130494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1200066382231601226, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 节气门开度/% 进气流量/g·s-1 排气温度/℃
原始状态 86.04 36.37 119
方案1 23.90 26.94 158
方案2 20.80 21.43 170
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怠速工况点对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 节气门开度/% 进气流量/g·s-1 排气温度/℃
原始状态 86.04 36.37 119
方案1 23.90 26.94 158
方案2 20.80 21.43 170
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进气节流优化对柴油机低负荷循环工况下NOx排放的影响研究
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高涛 , 杜闯 , 汪晓伟 , 高寅祥 , 霍永占
汽车工程师 | 2023,(12): 32-36
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汽车工程师 | 2023, (12): 32-36
进气节流优化对柴油机低负荷循环工况下NOx排放的影响研究
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高涛, 杜闯, 汪晓伟, 高寅祥, 霍永占
作者信息
  • 中汽研汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司, 天津 300300
Research on Impact of Intake Throttling Optimization on NOx Emission of Diesel Engine under LLC
Tao Gao, Chuang Du, Xiaowei Wang, Yinxiang Gao, Yongzhan Huo
Affiliations
  • CATARC Automotive Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300
出版时间: 2023-12-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230222
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为研究柴油机进气节流对发动机低负荷工况排放的影响,选取某满足国家第六阶段污染物排放标准的6.234 L柴油机,在发动机台架上开展了美国加州低负荷循环(LLC)工况排放试验,并通过低负荷工况下进气节流的方式对发动机控制器(ECU)进行了标定优化,对比分析了优化方案对LLC工况下的排气温度、氮氧化物(NOx)排放量和油耗的影响。结果表明:进气节流能够有效提升低负荷工况下发动机排气温度,对LLC工况下的NOx排放具有明显的改善作用。

低负荷循环工况  /  进气节流  /  柴油机  /  排放

To address the issue of the unsuitability of the original suspension parameters after upgrading a central motor electric vehicle to a In Wheel motor car, A half-car passive suspension model is established in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the problem. The spring stiffness and damping coefficients of the front and rear suspensions are taken as independent variables, while the root mean square values of the vehicle’s center of gravity acceleration, pitch angle acceleration, suspension deflection, and tire load are considered as optimization objectives. The grey wolf optimization algorithm is employed to search for the optimal stiffness and damping parameters. The simulation results show that after optimization, the handling stability of the suspension remains within a reasonable range, while the comfort level is improved by 12.73%.

Low Load Cycle (LLC)  /  Intake valve throttling  /  Diesel engine  /  Emission
高涛, 杜闯, 汪晓伟, 高寅祥, 霍永占. 进气节流优化对柴油机低负荷循环工况下NOx排放的影响研究. 汽车工程师, 2023 , (12) : 32 -36 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230222
Tao Gao, Chuang Du, Xiaowei Wang, Yinxiang Gao, Yongzhan Huo. Research on Impact of Intake Throttling Optimization on NOx Emission of Diesel Engine under LLC[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2023 , (12) : 32 -36 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230222
重型车的污染物排放已经成为大气污染的重要来源,其中柴油车NOx排放量占汽车排放总量的80%以上,颗粒物排放量占汽车排放总量的90%以上[1]。为了进一步降低柴油车的污染物排放量,特别是NOx的排放量,美国加州空气资源委员会(California Air Resources Board,CARB)等机构将出台更加严格的标准。自2024年起,CARB的NOx排放限值将降至0.067 g/(kW·h),到2027年,将继续降低至0.027 g/(kW·h),并将低负荷循环(Low Load Cycle,LLC)测试工况加入重型车的发动机台架测试中,对低负荷排放考核进一步加严[2]
LLC工况下NOx排放量高的主要原因是排气温度较低,后处理系统性能较差[3]。因此,在开展LLC工况下的标定开发时,需重点关注后处理系统的热管理以及选择性催化还原(Selective Catalytic Reduction,SCR)系统的低温转化性能。研究表明,通过在进气管安装节流阀可以明显提高发动机排气温度[4],本文通过3种进气节流状态下LLC工况测试的对比,进一步深入研究柴油机进气节流对发动机低负荷工况下排放性能的影响。
本文选取某满足国家第六阶段污染物排放标准的柴油发动机,在发动机控制器(Engine Control Unit,ECU)国六原始数据基础上,针对低负荷工况区域提出2种不同程度的节气门节流标定方案,方案2在方案1的基础上进一步增强低负荷区域的节流作用,在低负荷区域提升发动机排气温度,提高后处理转化效率。同时用台架气态污染物分析仪和油耗仪采集试验数据,为保证数据的准确性,同一种ECU状态下开展3次LLC测试,试验结果取3次试验数据的平均值。
发动机后处理系统包括柴油氧化催化器(Diesel Oxidation Catalysts,DOC)、SCR系统、氨催化器(Ammonia Slip Catalyst,ASC)及颗粒捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF),发动机具体参数如表1所示。
在发动机台架控制系统中,根据LLC工况下发动机归一化转速和扭矩系数输入发动机工况,然后由PUMA系统控制测功机转速和发动机负荷,发动机台架试验中使用的主要设备如表2所示。
LLC工况开发过程中采集了751辆汽车的原始数据,并通过低负荷窗口定义、聚类分析等得到了代表性的工况片段,再通过拼接、试验验证等方式获得了整车的低负荷循环[5],美国西南研究院采用美国环保署的温室气体排放模型(Global Energy Model,GEM)将整车工况转换为发动机工况,从而得到了发动机的LLC工况,如图1所示。
在原始ECU状态下开展发动机LLC工况测试,由图2可知,LLC工况散点分布转速相对集中在650~1 600 r/min区间,负荷点主要分布在-50~300 N·m区间。以工况点分布和喷油量为依据,选定每冲程喷油量18 mg为优化边界限值,对低于该限值的工况点开展节气门节流标定优化。
对原始ECU状态工况点分布情况展开统计分析,结果如表3所示。怠速区域(发动机转速范围为640~660 r/min、发动机扭矩小于50 N·m)工况点占比为41.51%,发动机扭矩小于300 N·m的工况点占比为83.47%,可见LLC工况主要分布在低负荷区间。
利用LLC测试工况中实时测得的NOx浓度计算得到NOx瞬时排放质量m(NOx):
m(NOx)=UgasCgasmedkh,d
式中,Ugas为稀释排气组分密度与稀释排气密度之比,对于柴油发动机,Ugas=0.001 587;Cgas为排气组分中NOx瞬时浓度;med为排气质量流量;kh,d为NOx湿度修正系数[6]
对计算得到的m(NOx)根据工况点统计结果进行累计分析得到该发动机LLC工况下NOx质量的分布情况,如表4所示,怠速区域NOx排放质量占比约为15.52%,低于300 N·m的工况点NOx排放质量占LLC工况发动机循环NOx排放总质量的43.64%,低负荷区域排放占比较高。
表5所示为3种ECU状态下LLC工况测试结果,通过累计的NOx排放量对比发现,节气门进气节流对LLC工况NOx排放控制效果显著。相较于原始ECU状态,在颗粒物数量(Particle Number,PN)没有明显增加的情况下,在整个LLC工况下,方案1 SCR系统上游温度平均提升了14.03 ℃,方案2 SCR系统上游温度平均提升了37.59 ℃,2种方案均可在LLC工况下提升SCR系统上游温度,氮氧化物转换效率分别提高了7.23百分点、16.93百分点,转换效率使用SCR系统上、下游NOx传感器数据计算得到,排除达到“露点”温度前的无效数据,NOx的尾气排放量分别减少41.23%、62.46%。
CO2排放与车辆燃料消耗量直接相关[7],将LLC工况产生的CO2 排放量除以LLC工况循环功得到CO2 比排放,如图3所示,随着节气门开度的减小,虽然NOx排放数据优化,但导致燃烧恶化,从而带来燃油经济性的恶化,方案1和方案2测试的CO2比排放较原始状态分别增加了0.96%和7.48%。
图4所示为3种ECU状态下LLC工况测试过程的车载诊断系统(On-Board Diagnostics, OBD)瞬态数据,摘取其中60 s怠速和600 s怠速片段分别进行分析,参数指标选择上游NOx传感器示数、下游NOx传感器示数、SCR系统上游温度传感器示数、进气流量和油耗量。
在经过60 s怠速后,3种ECU数据状态SCR上游温度降幅均低于3 ℃,下游NOx传感器读数均为0,可以满足发动机原始排放NOx转化的要求,因此,对于短时间怠速,SCR系统上游排气温度降幅较小,经过后处理的NOx尾气排放基本无变化,但会因为进气节流的效果导致NOx原始排放和油耗量增加,结果如表6所示。综上,短时间怠速不需要采用进气节流的方式提升排气温度。
对于长时间怠速,3种ECU数据状态下SCR系统上游温度随怠速持续时间的延长均呈现下降趋势,长时间怠速起、止时刻数据结果如表7所示。在原始状态下,SCR系统上游温度经过600 s怠速后可降至100 ℃,远低于后处理转换的工作温度,经过600 s怠速后,原始状态下游NOx传感器与上游NOx传感器数据基本接近,此时SCR系统失去催化转换效果。而方案1和方案2可以明显改善怠速600 s造成的排气温度下降和原始排放浓度升高后污染物排放量的增加,方案2在怠速600 s后,SCR系统仍保持转化作用,尾气NOx排放量接近0。
对自然怠速稳态工况点开展测试,取每种稳定状态下30 s平均值进行计算,结果表明,进气节流对怠速排气温度提升作用非常明显,如表8所示,随着节气门开度降低,怠速工况排气温度最大可提升约50 ℃。
本文以LLC为试验工况,使用3种不同程度的节气门节流方案,验证了进气节流优化对柴油机低负荷循环工况下NOx排放的影响。研究结果显示:
a. 进气节流会导致燃烧恶化,从而使NOx原始排放量和油耗量增加,但进气节流策略对排气温度的提升较大,还会降低低负荷工况NOx排放量,同时颗粒物数量没有明显提高;
b. 怠速状态下,节流带来的影响导致油耗量增加,短时间怠速(60 s)排气温度降低较少,权衡油耗和原始排放情况,不需要采用进气节流的方式提升排气温度;
c. SCR系统上游温度随着发动机怠速持续时间的延长均呈现下降趋势,长时间怠速后温度将低于后处理转换的工作温度。针对此低负荷问题,可在经过短时间怠速阶段后,采用进气节流的方式提升发动机排气温度,减少NOx的产生。
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2023年第卷第12期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20230222
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-12-15
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    中汽研汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司, 天津 300300
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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