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Article(id=1196100421916865356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1196100421094781769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240272, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1727020800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763102163055, onlineDateStr=2025-11-14, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763102163055, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763102163055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763102163055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1196100421094781769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2025', volume='', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763102162860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763102929825, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1196103638025289814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1196100421094781769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1196103638025289815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1196100421094781769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1196100422134969167, articleId=1196100421916865356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Research on the Q1.5 Dummy Injury Based on Frontal Collision, columnId=1196108900442354451, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=Special Issue on Automotive Passive Safety and Injury Biomechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the head, neck, and chest injuries of Q1.5 dummy when restrained by an infant carrier under different frontal collision acceleration waveforms and whether the seat belt is pre-tightened and limited by force, three different real vehicles are selected to obtain B-pillar acceleration curves according to GB 11551—2014 “Passenger Protection in Frontal Collisions of Vehicles”. The acceleration curves are simulated and reproduced using an acceleration slide table, and the Q3 dummy’s scoring index in the frontal 100% overlapping rigid barrier collision test of the “C-NCAP Management Rules (2024 Edition)” is used as reference to score the Q1.5 dummy in test. The results indicate that during a collision, when the seat belt is pre-tightened, the diagonal upward tension generated by the shoulder strap can cause significant impact on the head; when the collision acceleration is consistent, the pre-tensioning of the seat belt has a greater impact on the peak combined acceleration of the head and chest, as well as the 3 ms peak, HIC15, the peak waist belt force, the neck Fx-min, and My-min, than the force limit. The limiting effect of the peak shoulder belt force is greater than the pre-tensioning; the factors that affect dummy injury, from high to low, are collision acceleration waveform, whether the seat belt is pre-tightened, and whether the seat belt is force limited; for all parts of the dummy’s body, the chest substains greatest damage and the neck substains the least damage.

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为研究在不同正面碰撞加速度波形及安全带是否预紧、限力的条件下，采用婴儿提篮约束时Q1.5假人头部、颈部、胸部的损伤情况，选取3款不同实车按照GB 11551—2014《汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护》的规定开展试验得到B柱加速度曲线，通过加速滑台进行模拟复现，并参照《C-NCAP管理规则（2024年版）》正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验中Q3假人试验的评分指标，对车辆在Q1.5假人试验中的表现进行评分。结果表明：碰撞过程中安全带预紧时肩带产生斜向上的拉力会导致头部受到较大冲击；当碰撞加速度一致时，安全带预紧对头部、胸部合成加速度峰值及其累积3 ms合成加速度、HIC15、腰带力峰值、颈部剪切力最小值、颈部弯矩最小值的影响大于限力，肩带力峰值则为限力影响大于预紧；对假人损伤的影响程度由高到低依次为碰撞加速度波形、安全带是否预紧、安全带是否限力；假人胸部损伤最大，颈部损伤最小。

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Restraining Devices for Child Occupants of Power-Driven Vehicles: GB 27887—2011[S]. 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试验序号 安全带配置 试验加速度波形
1 有预紧、有限力 波形1
2 波形2
3 波形3
4 无预紧、无限力 波形2
5 无预紧、有限力
6 有预紧、无限力
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试验分组情况

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试验序号 安全带配置 试验加速度波形
1 有预紧、有限力 波形1
2 波形2
3 波形3
4 无预紧、无限力 波形2
5 无预紧、有限力
6 有预紧、无限力
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指标 合成加速度峰值/g 累积3 ms合成加速度/g HIC15
头部 胸部 头部 胸部
波形1 45.27 23.63 33.37 21.98 38
波形2 57.22 58.43 55.95 57.93 283
波形3 58.59 61.01 56.83 58.21 259
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头部、胸部损伤评价指标

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指标 合成加速度峰值/g 累积3 ms合成加速度/g HIC15
头部 胸部 头部 胸部
波形1 45.27 23.63 33.37 21.98 38
波形2 57.22 58.43 55.95 57.93 283
波形3 58.59 61.01 56.83 58.21 259
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部位 指标 高性能限值 高性能得分/分 低性能限值 低性能得分/分
头部 HIC15 500 2 700 0
累积3 ms合成加速度/g 60 2 80 0
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 1 555 1 2 840 0
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 41 1 55 0
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假人评价原则（CRS后向安装）

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部位 指标 高性能限值 高性能得分/分 低性能限值 低性能得分/分
头部 HIC15 500 2 700 0
累积3 ms合成加速度/g 60 2 80 0
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 1 555 1 2 840 0
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 41 1 55 0
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试验序号 部位 指标 试验测量值 各指标得分/分 总分/分
1 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 33.37 2.000 4.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 126.46 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 21.98 1.000
2 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 55.95 2.000 3.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 400.27 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 57.93 0
3 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 56.83 2.000 3.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 450.30 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 58.21 0
4 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 73.27 0.673 1.673
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 455.19 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 77.98 0
5 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 66.69 1.331 2.331
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 344.53 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 73.32 0
6 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 59.33 2.000 3.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 419.59 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 60.16 0
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Q1.5假人试验得分

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试验序号 部位 指标 试验测量值 各指标得分/分 总分/分
1 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 33.37 2.000 4.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 126.46 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 21.98 1.000
2 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 55.95 2.000 3.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 400.27 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 57.93 0
3 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 56.83 2.000 3.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 450.30 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 58.21 0
4 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 73.27 0.673 1.673
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 455.19 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 77.98 0
5 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 66.69 1.331 2.331
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 344.53 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 73.32 0
6 头部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 59.33 2.000 3.000
颈部 伸张力Fz/N 419.59 1.000
胸部 累积3 ms合成加速度/g 60.16 0
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正面碰撞工况下Q1.5假人损伤研究
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王庭槐 , 李永刚 , 李建功 , 曹啸峰 , 杜学贤 , 匡芳
汽车工程师 | 汽车被动安全与损伤生物力学专刊 2025,(3): 27-34
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汽车工程师 | 汽车被动安全与损伤生物力学专刊 2025, (3): 27-34
正面碰撞工况下Q1.5假人损伤研究
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王庭槐, 李永刚, 李建功, 曹啸峰, 杜学贤, 匡芳
作者信息
  • 襄阳达安汽车检测中心有限公司，襄阳 441004
Research on the Q1.5 Dummy Injury Based on Frontal Collision
Tinghuai Wang, Yonggang Li, Jiangong Li, Xiaofeng Cao, Xuexian Du, Fang Kuang
Affiliations
  • Xiangyang Da An Automobile Test Center Limited Corporation, Xiangyang 441004
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240272
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摘要
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为研究在不同正面碰撞加速度波形及安全带是否预紧、限力的条件下，采用婴儿提篮约束时Q1.5假人头部、颈部、胸部的损伤情况，选取3款不同实车按照GB 11551—2014《汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护》的规定开展试验得到B柱加速度曲线，通过加速滑台进行模拟复现，并参照《C-NCAP管理规则（2024年版）》正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验中Q3假人试验的评分指标，对车辆在Q1.5假人试验中的表现进行评分。结果表明：碰撞过程中安全带预紧时肩带产生斜向上的拉力会导致头部受到较大冲击；当碰撞加速度一致时，安全带预紧对头部、胸部合成加速度峰值及其累积3 ms合成加速度、HIC15、腰带力峰值、颈部剪切力最小值、颈部弯矩最小值的影响大于限力，肩带力峰值则为限力影响大于预紧；对假人损伤的影响程度由高到低依次为碰撞加速度波形、安全带是否预紧、安全带是否限力；假人胸部损伤最大，颈部损伤最小。

婴儿提篮  /  Q1.5假人  /  损伤分析  /  正面碰撞  /  乘员保护

To study the head, neck, and chest injuries of Q1.5 dummy when restrained by an infant carrier under different frontal collision acceleration waveforms and whether the seat belt is pre-tightened and limited by force, three different real vehicles are selected to obtain B-pillar acceleration curves according to GB 11551—2014 “Passenger Protection in Frontal Collisions of Vehicles”. The acceleration curves are simulated and reproduced using an acceleration slide table, and the Q3 dummy’s scoring index in the frontal 100% overlapping rigid barrier collision test of the “C-NCAP Management Rules (2024 Edition)” is used as reference to score the Q1.5 dummy in test. The results indicate that during a collision, when the seat belt is pre-tightened, the diagonal upward tension generated by the shoulder strap can cause significant impact on the head; when the collision acceleration is consistent, the pre-tensioning of the seat belt has a greater impact on the peak combined acceleration of the head and chest, as well as the 3 ms peak, HIC15, the peak waist belt force, the neck Fx-min, and My-min, than the force limit. The limiting effect of the peak shoulder belt force is greater than the pre-tensioning; the factors that affect dummy injury, from high to low, are collision acceleration waveform, whether the seat belt is pre-tightened, and whether the seat belt is force limited; for all parts of the dummy’s body, the chest substains greatest damage and the neck substains the least damage.

Infant carrier  /  Q1.5 Dummy  /  Injury analysis  /  Frontal collision  /  Occupants protection
王庭槐, 李永刚, 李建功, 曹啸峰, 杜学贤, 匡芳. 正面碰撞工况下Q1.5假人损伤研究. 汽车工程师, 2025 , (3) : 27 -34 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240272
Tinghuai Wang, Yonggang Li, Jiangong Li, Xiaofeng Cao, Xuexian Du, Fang Kuang. Research on the Q1.5 Dummy Injury Based on Frontal Collision[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2025 , (3) : 27 -34 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240272
正文
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1 前言
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儿童安全座椅是降低儿童乘员在道路交通事故中伤亡的最重要且最有效措施。然而，我国儿童安全座椅的使用率不足10%[1-2]。目前，我国对于儿童乘员保护的主要评价规程为《C-NCAP管理规则（2024年版）》[3]，规定在正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验中第二排外侧座椅放置Q3假人，在正面50%重叠移动渐进变形壁障（Moving Progressive Deformable Barrier，MPDB）碰撞试验中第二排最右侧放置Q10假人，在侧面柱碰撞试验中驾驶员后方放置Q3假人，通过以上3种工况考核车辆在发生碰撞时对儿童乘员的保护能力。
乌维均[4]等研究了在《C-NCAP管理规则（2021年版）》正面碰撞工况中五点式正向儿童约束系统（Children Restraint System，CRS）、前置护体式CRS和五点式后向CRS对Q3假人的保护性能，发现采用不同安装方式的儿童座椅时Q3假人各部位的损伤存在差异。包永涛[5]分析了《C-NCAP管理规则（2021年版）》MPDB碰撞工况中安全带不同布置位置和限力等级条件下Q10假人的伤害情况，得出安全带限力的等级范围。当前，儿童乘员保护的研究多集中在基于中国新车评价规程（China New Car Assessment Programme，C-NCAP）相关试验的Q3和Q10假人伤害分析，缺少对正面碰撞工况下小月龄儿童的损伤情况及婴儿提篮乘员保护效果的研究，也缺少相关的标准及评价方法。
本文采用滑台模拟复现GB 11551—2014《汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护》试验的碰撞加速度波形，通过对不同车辆碰撞时的加速度曲线，以及安全带是否预紧、是否限力的情况进行分析，研究在正面碰撞工况下采用提篮约束时Q1.5假人头部、颈部、胸部的损伤情况，并参照《C-NCAP管理规则（2024年版）》正面碰撞工况中对Q3假人试验的评价原则，得到Q1.5假人试验的评价分数，为CRS设计提供参考。
2 试验方案
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2.1 假人选取
试验采用满足ECE R129《关于批准在机动车上使用的加强型儿童约束系统的统一规定》[6]和GB 27887—2011《机动车儿童乘员用约束系统》[7]要求的某款婴儿提篮，该提篮的使用范围为身高40~83 cm、体重小于13 kg。据此选取适合此儿童座椅最大使用范围的Q1.5假人（身高80 cm、质量11.10 kg）进行试验。
2.2 试验方法
选取3款不同实车在GB 11551—2014试验中的碰撞加速度波形，碰撞速度为50 km/h，根据碰撞时B柱加速度峰值由低到高分别设为波形1、波形2、波形3，如图1所示。
婴儿提篮通过汽车安全带反向安装在某车型的第二排外侧座椅，如图2所示。采用加速滑台模拟正面碰撞工况，研究在安全带限力、预紧情况一致的条件下，3种不同碰撞加速度波形对Q1.5假人头部、颈部、胸部的损伤影响；另外选取特征波形2，研究在同一波形条件下安全带是否预紧、是否限力对Q1.5假人损伤的影响。共进行6组试验，试验分组情况如表1所示。
3 试验加速度波形对假人损伤的影响
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3.1 安全带力对比
采用相同类型的安全带，根据不同的试验加速度波形设置安全带卷收器预紧时间，极差小于4 ms。同时，由于安全带的火药装配存在一定差异，故3种波形在预紧时肩带力峰值的极差小于300 N，对试验的影响可以忽略。
不同试验加速度波形下安全带力对比情况如图3所示，肩带力和腰带力变化趋势与加速度波形相同。肩带力的峰值不仅取决于限力器，碰撞时车身的吸能性也会对其产生影响，加速度峰值低，则肩带力也会降低。肩带力的持续时间与加速度波形持续时间基本一致，腰带力持续时间较肩带力长50 ms左右。
提篮在不同时刻的运动情况如图4所示。可以发现，正面碰撞试验中，由于婴儿提篮较轻且高度较低，在反装的情况下，不会同五点式CRS反向安装一样，向车头方向产生大幅度倾倒[3]，而是会在安全带的约束下向车尾部翻转。碰撞发生后，提篮向车头运动，第34 ms时卷收器预紧使肩带产生朝车尾斜向上的拉力，而腰带作用于提篮尾部，导致提篮出现一定程度的侧向旋转。随着碰撞的加剧，肩带力与腰带力增大，提篮由朝向车头运动转为朝向车尾运动，直至提篮尾部与座椅靠背接触，座椅靠背为提篮后端提供支撑，使提篮朝向车尾部翻转，由于肩带过长且无法回缩，此时肩带不受力，故肩带力持续时间较短，而腰带部分则一直受力，因此腰带力持续时间较肩带力长。
3.2 头部、胸部损伤对比
头部与胸部的合成加速度峰值及累积3 ms合成加速度与试验加速度峰值呈正相关，采用波形3时试验加速度峰值大，但持续时间短于采用波形2，故头部伤害指数HIC15略小于采用波形2。头部的3项损伤指标中，HIC15的差异最大，采用波形2和波形3时的HIC15是采用波形1时的8倍左右。头部、胸部损伤评价指标如表2所示。
结合图3，由于提篮质量轻，且仅通过车身上三点式安全带固定，导致头部合成加速度变化趋势同肩带力变化趋势相似。不同加速度波形条件下头部与胸部合成加速度如图5所示，在安全带预紧阶段，头部受到较大冲击，因为预紧时卷收器发生回卷，使肩带产生朝车尾部斜向上的拉力，此拉力通过嵌入在提篮背部中间卡槽的安全带作用在假人的头部，与预紧产生的肩带拉力方向相同，此时头部合成加速度出现超过45 g的尖峰，其峰值接近采用波形2与波形3时在碰撞过程中头部合成加速度的最大值，也超过了采用波形1时的最大值。而作用于胸部的力为斜向上拉力的分力，故预紧时造成的胸部合成加速度峰值小于头部合成加速度峰值。
3.3 颈部损伤对比
基于正面碰撞试验中假人的运动姿态，颈部损伤指标仅考虑颈部的剪切力最小值Fx-min、伸张力最大值Fz-max及弯矩最小值My-min，三者与加速度峰值呈正相关，如图6所示。
试验初始阶段，安全带卷收器预紧产生的肩带力通过提篮靠背斜向上作用于假人头部，由于假人与提篮靠背间存在海绵，海绵在运动时受到压缩，假人向下滑入提篮靠背，假人头部相较于胸部呈现出向前（朝向车尾部）、向下的后仰运动。在第45 ms左右，随着肩带拉力逐渐减弱，假人头部较胸部向前、向下的后仰运动趋势得到缓解。在第55 ms后，随着碰撞能量的加剧，安全带力增大，头部相较于胸部重新出现向前（朝向车尾部）的后仰状态，随着提篮海绵压缩到极限，假人出现沿提篮靠背爬升的运动姿态，对照颈部伸张力曲线，Fz先减小再增大。最后，提篮朝向车尾部翻转，肩带力减小至0 kN，假人颈部受到提篮海绵压缩后的回弹影响，假人头部呈现出相较于颈部向前（朝向车尾部）、向上的弯曲运动姿态。
4 安全带预紧、限力对假人损伤的影响
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不同的安全带预紧、限力情况下采用提篮约束时Q1.5假人的损伤情况如图7所示。若安全带限力情况一致，无预紧时肩带力和腰带力的峰值较有预紧时大；若预紧情况一致，无限力时肩带力和腰带力峰值较有限力时大。交叉对比来看，对于肩带力峰值，限力的影响大于预紧，对于腰带力峰值，预紧的影响大于限力。在相同的冲击能量条件下，预紧虽然可以在一定程度上减缓肩带受到的冲击，但是限力直接决定肩带的受力，而通过安全带预紧可以使提篮受到的碰撞冲击减弱，改善腰带力峰值。
对于头部和胸部损伤，安全带预紧的影响大于安全带限力的影响。无论安全带有无限力，预紧时的损伤指标均优于无预紧时；预紧条件相同的情况下，安全带限力时的损伤指标优于安全带无限力时。配备预紧功能的安全带可以减缓碰撞对提篮的冲击，减小HIC15峰值。
对于颈部损伤，安全带预紧、限力的影响如下：对Fx-min指标的影响与头、胸部相似，安全带有预紧时优于无预紧时，安全带有限力时优于无限力时，安全带预紧的影响大于安全带限力的影响；Fz-max在安全带无预紧、有限力的情况下峰值最小。在安全带预紧条件相同的情况下，因为无限力时的肩带拉力大于有限力时的肩带拉力，故无限力时的Fz-max大于有限力时的Fz-max。其次，由于预紧导致提篮受到冲击的运动幅度减小，故在碰撞初始时相较于有预紧时，无预紧时的头部较胸部向下运动趋势更剧烈，随着碰撞冲击加剧，假人会沿着提篮靠背爬升，此时头部较胸部向上运动趋势更强烈，在安全带限力情况一致的条件下，无预紧时的Fz-max小于有预紧时的Fz-max，因此无预紧、有限力条件下的Fz-max小于有预紧、有限力条件下的Fz-max，如图8所示。限力对My-min的影响不大，但My-min在安全带无预紧的条件下是有预紧时的2倍左右。
5 正面碰撞工况评分
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《C-NCAP管理规则（2024年版）》中对儿童乘员的保护评价分为3种工况，即在正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验中评价Q3假人、在MPDB试验中评价Q10假人、在侧面柱碰试验中评价Q3假人。前2种工况对假人头部、颈部、胸部的评分指标及其限值完全相同，如表3所示。其中，如头部未与前排座椅及B柱发生二次碰撞，采用累积3 ms合成加速度评价，如头部与前排座椅及B柱发生二次碰撞，则采用累积3 ms合成加速度和HIC15评价。由于目前对正面碰撞事故中Q1.5假人的伤害情况缺少相对应的评价限值，也缺乏相关低月龄儿童损伤情况的生理研究，故本文以正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验（CRS后向安装）中对Q3假人试验的评分指标及限值为基准，直观展现提篮约束对Q1.5假人的保护情况，为后续相关准则中引入Q1.5假人乘员保护评价提供参考。
5.1 评价规程
正面碰撞工况中，Q1.5假人的评价原则参考表3，处于低性能限值与高性能限值之间的测量值分别采用线性插值的方法获得相应分数，满分为4分。
5.2 工况评分
按照表1共进行6次第二排外侧座椅搭载提篮的正面碰撞滑台试验，Q1.5假人乘员保护得分如表4所示。由于提篮在碰撞过程中朝车尾部向上翻转，所以头部不会与前排座椅及B柱发生二次碰撞，故头部损伤情况采用累积3 ms合成加速度评价。
由表4可知，在采用波形2的4次试验中：头部损伤评价方面，若安全带无预紧，不论是否限力，头部累积3 ms合成加速度均超过高性能限值；颈部损伤评价方面，伸张力Fz均远小于其高性能限值，都为满分，因为提篮对于Q1.5假人为五点式约束，约束力强且碰撞过程中提篮朝向车尾部翻转，头部与胸部的运动差异小，故颈部伸张力较小；胸部损伤评价方面，由于Q1.5假人质量轻，五点式安全带约束力强且力集中在假人胸部，因此均不得分。
在安全带预紧、限力一致的条件下，对比采用不同加速度波形时的得分可以看出，采用波形1时的碰撞加速度峰值最小，其各项指标均小于高性能限值，得分为满分4分。碰撞加速度峰值与各项测量值的大小呈正相关关系。
综上，各因素中，对Q1.5假人试验得分的影响程度由高到低依次为车辆碰撞加速度、安全带是否预紧、安全带是否限力。
6 结束语
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本文基于GB 11551—2014《汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护》中规定的试验方法，选取碰撞加速度差异较大的3条实车碰撞加速度波形，采用提篮约束系统，通过滑台试验对比分析在不同碰撞加速度波形及安全带是否预紧、限力的情况下，正面碰撞工况中Q1.5假人的损伤情况，并采用《C-NCAP管理规则（2024年版）》正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验（CRS后向安装）中Q3假人的评价标准对Q1.5假人的损伤进行量化评分，结论如下：
a. 提篮通过三点式安全带反装，假人头部不会与前排座椅及B柱发生二次碰撞。
b.安全带卷收器预紧时，肩带对提篮斜向上的拉力会对假人头部产生较大的冲击。设计适用于提篮的CRS时，需要着重考虑安全带的预紧力和预紧时间。
c.若碰撞加速度波形一致，安全带限力对肩带力峰值的影响大于安全带预紧的影响；对于腰带力峰值、头部与胸部合成加速度峰值及其累积3 ms合成加速度、HIC15、颈部Fx-min及My-min，安全带预紧的影响大于安全带限力的影响，颈部Fz-max在安全带无预紧、有限力的情况下最优。
d.各因素中，对正面碰撞工况Q1.5假人损伤的影响程度由高到低依次为碰撞加速度、安全带是否预紧、安全带是否限力，故车型开发时，降低车辆碰撞时的加速度峰值、改善碰撞过程中的吸能性更应受到关注。
e. Q1.5假人各损伤部位中，胸部损伤最严重，故设计提篮时，应着重考虑降低儿童胸部损伤。
本文对安全带是否预紧及限力的分析仅基于特征加速度波形，后续可结合多种加速度波形进行研究。此外，后续可考虑开展多种碰撞工况下各类儿童成员保护的生物力学研究。
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240272
  • 首发时间：2025-11-14
  • 出版时间：2025-03-15
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  • 修回日期：2024-09-23
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    襄阳达安汽车检测中心有限公司，襄阳 441004
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