Article(id=1194604063959523578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1194604061094810310, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1738252800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762745403518, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762745403518, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762745403518, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762745403518, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194604061094810310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2025', volume='', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762745402821, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762746663749, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1194609349818552989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1194604061094810310, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1194609349818552990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1194604061094810310, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194604064165044475, articleId=1194604063959523578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Bionic Gradient Circular Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Tubes Based on Machine Learning, columnId=1194604061958836937, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=Special Topic on 2024 International Conference of Vehicle Safety and Intelligent Transportation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To rapidly and accurately predict the crashworthiness indicators of thin-walled tubes, a bionic gradient circular multi-cell thin-walled tube axial compression model for predicting the average collision force is established based on the Simplified Super Folding Element (SSFE) theory, and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model is built to predict the crashworthiness indicators of the bionic gradient circular multi-cell thin-walled tube under different geometric parameters. The results show that the theoretical prediction error is less than 6% compared with the simulation results, indicating the reliability of the theoretical model. The LSTM network model exhibits an error of less than 2% for Energy Absorption (EA) and Initial Peak Force (IPF) on the validation set, and an error of less than 5% on the test set, demonstrating excellent prediction accuracy and generalization capability.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi Chong, Chao Gong, Changwen Yan, Zixuan Yang, Xucheng Bai, Yinlong Jia), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194604315689066963, articleId=1194604063959523578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=CN, title=基于机器学习的仿生梯度圆形多胞薄壁管力学性能预测*, columnId=1194604062134997707, journalTitle=汽车工程师, columnName=2024年车辆安全与智能交通国际学术会议专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为实现薄壁管耐撞性指标的快速准确预测,基于简化超折叠单元理论建立了一种仿生梯度圆形多胞(BGCM)薄壁管在轴向压缩条件下的平均碰撞力预测模型,并搭建了长短期记忆(LSTM)网络模型预测不同几何参数下BGCM薄壁管的耐撞性指标。结果表明:理论预测与仿真结果误差小于6%,理论模型具有可靠性;LSTM网络模型在验证集上对薄壁管的吸能量(EA)和初始峰值力(IPF)的预测误差小于2%,在测试集上的预测误差小于5%,具有优异的预测精度和泛化能力。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
龚超(1992—),男,讲师,工学博士学位,研究方向为能量吸收与防护,
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本构单元 数量 本构单元 数量
弧形单元Ⅰ 48 弧形单元Ⅱ(β3 32
弧形单元Ⅱ(β1 16 圆形单元 40
弧形单元Ⅱ(β2 32
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BGCM薄壁管中不同角单元数量 个

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本构单元 数量 本构单元 数量
弧形单元Ⅰ 48 弧形单元Ⅱ(β3 32
弧形单元Ⅱ(β1 16 圆形单元 40
弧形单元Ⅱ(β2 32
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参数 FIP/kN EA/kJ Fm/kN CFE/%
试验结果 55.17 2.79 37.20 0.67
仿真结果 51.33 2.74 36.53 0.71
相对误差/% -6.96 -1.79 -1.80 5.97
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试验结果[14]与仿真结果的耐撞性比较

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参数 FIP/kN EA/kJ Fm/kN CFE/%
试验结果 55.17 2.79 37.20 0.67
仿真结果 51.33 2.74 36.53 0.71
相对误差/% -6.96 -1.79 -1.80 5.97
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r/mm t1/mm t2/mm Fm/kN 误差/%
仿真 理论
5 0.5 0.5 102.17 97.84 -4.23
5 0.6 0.6 121.67 128.63 5.72
5 0.7 0.7 159.67 162.09 1.52
6 0.5 0.5 109.25 103.87 -4.92
6 0.6 0.6 141.83 136.54 -3.73
6 0.7 0.7 174.33 172.06 -1.31
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平均碰撞力理论预测结果与有限元仿真结果对比

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r/mm t1/mm t2/mm Fm/kN 误差/%
仿真 理论
5 0.5 0.5 102.17 97.84 -4.23
5 0.6 0.6 121.67 128.63 5.72
5 0.7 0.7 159.67 162.09 1.52
6 0.5 0.5 109.25 103.87 -4.92
6 0.6 0.6 141.83 136.54 -3.73
6 0.7 0.7 174.33 172.06 -1.31
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参数 取值
LSTM层数量/层 2
每层隐藏单元数量/个 500
丢弃层数量/层 2
丢弃比例/% 20
全连接层数量/层 2
优化器 Adam
学习率 0.001
损失函数 均方误差(MSE)
数据集划分
比例/%
训练集 80
验证集 10
测试集 10
训练批次/次 500
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LSTM神经网络模型网格参数

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参数 取值
LSTM层数量/层 2
每层隐藏单元数量/个 500
丢弃层数量/层 2
丢弃比例/% 20
全连接层数量/层 2
优化器 Adam
学习率 0.001
损失函数 均方误差(MSE)
数据集划分
比例/%
训练集 80
验证集 10
测试集 10
训练批次/次 500
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基于机器学习的仿生梯度圆形多胞薄壁管力学性能预测*
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崇奇 1 , 龚超 1, 2 , 闫昶闻 1 , 杨子漩 1 , 白旭承 1 , 贾胤龙 1
汽车工程师 | 2024年车辆安全与智能交通国际学术会议专题 2025,(6): 1-8
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汽车工程师 | 2024年车辆安全与智能交通国际学术会议专题 2025, (6): 1-8
基于机器学习的仿生梯度圆形多胞薄壁管力学性能预测*
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崇奇1, 龚超1, 2 , 闫昶闻1, 杨子漩1, 白旭承1, 贾胤龙1
作者信息
  • 1 合肥工业大学, 合肥 230009
  • 2 泸州容大智能变速器有限公司, 泸州 644000

通讯作者:

龚超(1992—),男,讲师,工学博士学位,研究方向为能量吸收与防护,
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Bionic Gradient Circular Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Tubes Based on Machine Learning
Qi Chong1, Chao Gong1, 2 , Changwen Yan1, Zixuan Yang1, Xucheng Bai1, Yinlong Jia1
Affiliations
  • 1 Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009
  • 2 Luzhou Rongda Intelligent Transmission Limited Company, Luzhou 644000
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250010
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为实现薄壁管耐撞性指标的快速准确预测,基于简化超折叠单元理论建立了一种仿生梯度圆形多胞(BGCM)薄壁管在轴向压缩条件下的平均碰撞力预测模型,并搭建了长短期记忆(LSTM)网络模型预测不同几何参数下BGCM薄壁管的耐撞性指标。结果表明:理论预测与仿真结果误差小于6%,理论模型具有可靠性;LSTM网络模型在验证集上对薄壁管的吸能量(EA)和初始峰值力(IPF)的预测误差小于2%,在测试集上的预测误差小于5%,具有优异的预测精度和泛化能力。
耐撞性  /  薄壁管  /  理论预测  /  机器学习

To rapidly and accurately predict the crashworthiness indicators of thin-walled tubes, a bionic gradient circular multi-cell thin-walled tube axial compression model for predicting the average collision force is established based on the Simplified Super Folding Element (SSFE) theory, and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model is built to predict the crashworthiness indicators of the bionic gradient circular multi-cell thin-walled tube under different geometric parameters. The results show that the theoretical prediction error is less than 6% compared with the simulation results, indicating the reliability of the theoretical model. The LSTM network model exhibits an error of less than 2% for Energy Absorption (EA) and Initial Peak Force (IPF) on the validation set, and an error of less than 5% on the test set, demonstrating excellent prediction accuracy and generalization capability.

Crashworthiness  /  Thin-walled tubes  /  Theoretical prediction  /  Machine learning
崇奇, 龚超, 闫昶闻, 杨子漩, 白旭承, 贾胤龙. 基于机器学习的仿生梯度圆形多胞薄壁管力学性能预测*. 汽车工程师, 2025 , (6) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250010
Qi Chong, Chao Gong, Changwen Yan, Zixuan Yang, Xucheng Bai, Yinlong Jia. Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Bionic Gradient Circular Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Tubes Based on Machine Learning[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2025 , (6) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250010
车辆发生碰撞时,吸能结构通过稳定、渐进的折叠变形吸收碰撞产生的能量,以保护乘员[1-3]。多胞薄壁管结构因其优异的轻质性和高能量吸收效率而广泛应用于航空航天、车辆工程等领域[4]
研究人员通过理论分析、数值模拟和试验对薄壁管结构的截面开展了大量研究,包括周向正弦截面[5]、蜂窝截面[6]、六边形截面[7]和星形截面[8]。数值仿真和优化分析结果表明[9],新型结构的各项耐撞性指标均优于传统的截面结构,薄壁管截面对耐撞性有显著影响,合理采用梯度结构可增强吸能管的吸能能力,仿生设计能够满足对吸能结构的更高要求。
这种先进结构对结构力学性能的预测方法提出了更高的要求。早期,往往根据生活经验建立复杂的数学模型并通过繁琐的数学计算获得结构的力学性能,但受计算繁琐性和经验局限性影响,该方法早已不适合大规模预测任务;计算机时代,研究人员利用有限元等模拟方法来预测结构的力学性能,但仍然需要复杂且准确的建模过程以及长时间的计算迭代,因而效率低下,也已不适用于大规模预测需求。所以,迫切需要更为准确且快速的预测方法。进入21世纪以来,机器学习(Machine Learning,ML)作为解决人工智能问题的主要方法得到了空前发展。在力学领域,一般基于力学试验和数值模拟获取的大量数据,利用机器学习算法能够建立高维变量复杂关系的优势,挖掘传统力学方法难以发现的规律,揭示更深层次的力学机理,并在预测材料性能、设计全新材料甚至发现特殊机制方面展现出了巨大的潜力。如Wang等[10]通过机器学习处理异构金属材料的复杂非线性关系,从而高效进行结构性能预测。Tian等[11]通过搭建卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)模型,有效预测了给定2D超材料结构的泊松比曲线,并且通过修改循环生成对抗网络(Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network,Cycle-GAN)模型设定目标泊松比,进行逆向设计,结合预训练的CNN作为编码器,大幅降低了计算复杂度。Emmanouil等[12]提出了一种基于机器学习的管状结构屈曲预测分析方法,模型能够以与几何缺陷微小变化所引起误差相当的精度预测结构崩溃响应。
本文以仿生梯度圆形多胞(Bionic Gradient Circular Multi-cell,BGCM)薄壁管结构为研究对象,基于简化超折叠单元理论推导薄壁管在轴向压缩条件下的平均碰撞力,通过有限元模型进行数值模拟并建立数据集,进而搭建长短期记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)网络模型对其力学性能进行预测。
受竹子和甲虫翅鞘微观结构的启发,“仿生层级多胞薄壁结构抗冲击性能研究”项目提出一种BGCM薄壁管设计方案,其截面结构如图1所示。
其中,内圈胞圆所在圆周直径d1=40 mm,中圈直径d2=60 mm,外圈直径d3=120 mm,内圈胞元数量为8个,中圈和外圈胞圆数量为16个,胞圆之间以肋边相连接,将胞圆半径r、胞圆壁厚t1和肋边壁厚t2设为研究变量。其中,r的取值范围为5~7 mm,t1、t2的取值范围均为0.4~0.7 mm。
本文采用初始峰值力(Initial Peak Force,IPF)、比吸能(Specific Energy Absorption,SEA)、平均压溃力(Mean Crush Force,MCF)和压溃力效率(Crush Force Efficiency,CFE)4个指标来评价BGCM薄壁管的耐撞性。其定义如下:
a. 初始峰值力是在压溃过程中能量吸收装置的第一峰值压溃力。能量吸收装置的设计目标之一是减小初始峰值力,以确保乘员的安全,并将能量吸收装置的损坏降至最低。
b. 比吸能指吸能结构单位质量所吸收的冲击能量,可表示为:
ESA=EA/M
式中:ESA为比吸能,EA为总吸能,M为质量。
c. 平均压溃力指总吸收能量与实际压缩位移之比:
Fm=EA/d
式中:Fm为平均压溃力,d为实际压缩位移。
d. 压溃力效率表征变形过程中压溃力的稳定性,其值越接近1时,峰值力与平台力之间的偏差越小,表明能量吸收过程的效率越高,可表示为:
${C}_{FE}=\frac{{F}_{m}}{{F}_{IP}}\times 100\mathrm{\%}$
式中:CFE为压溃力效率,FIP为初始峰值力。
基于简化超折叠单元理论[13]建立BGCM薄壁管在准静态轴向压缩条件下的理论模型,以预测平均压溃力等耐撞性指标。简化超折叠单元理论认为,多胞薄壁管压缩变形期间每个折叠褶皱的折叠波长相同。因此,根据系统能量守恒原理,形成一个完整的折叠褶皱时外力所做的功等于总的能量耗散,在压缩过程中,总的能量耗散又分为弯曲变形能Eb和薄膜变形能Em,故总能量的吸收与平均力的关系可表示为:
Fm·2=Eb+Em
式中:H为折叠半波长;η为有效压缩距离系数,取值范围通常为0.70~0.75[14],本文取η=0.73。
在简化超折叠单元理论中,每个面的弯曲变形能通过塑性铰线耗散。每个基本折叠单元有3个固定的塑性铰线[15],一个折叠波长的弯曲变形能由3个固定塑性铰线处吸收的能量计算,故弯曲变形能可表示为:
${E}_{b}=\sum _{i=1}^{3}{M}_{0}{\theta }_{i}{L}_{T}$
式中:M0=σ0t2/4为塑性弯矩;σ0=$\sqrt{{\sigma }_{y}{\sigma }_{u}/(1+n)}$为材料的流动应力;σyσu分别为材料的屈服应力、抗拉应力;n为应变指数,范围为0.20~0.23[16],本文取n=0.23;t为薄壁管壁厚;θi为第i条塑性铰线处转角;LT为薄壁管横截面周长。
在简化超折叠单元理论中,假设单元翼缘被完全压平,则总的弯曲变形能可以表示为:
Eb=2πM0LT
薄膜变形能是角单元在发生塑性屈曲时耗散的能量。因此,为分析压缩过程中的薄膜变形能,需要对BGCM薄壁管的横截面划分本构单元,划分结果如图2所示。BGCM薄壁管的横截面由3种本构单元组成:弧形单元Ⅰ(3-arc element Ⅰ)、弧形单元Ⅱ(3-arc element Ⅰ)和圆形单元(Circular)。对于2种弧形单元,以直边代替弧边进行等效计算。因此,弧形单元Ⅰ可视为三面板单元Ⅰ(3-panel element Ⅰ),弧形单元Ⅱ可视为三面板单元Ⅱ(3-panel element Ⅱ),所有的直边都是对应圆弧的切线。圆形单元、弧形单元Ⅰ和弧形单元Ⅱ的薄膜变形能表达式[16-17]如下:
圆形单元的薄膜变形能${E}_{m}^{circular}$可以表示为:
${E}_{m}^{circular}=8\mathrm{\pi }{M}_{0}{H}^{2}/t$
弧形单元的薄膜变形能${E}_{m}^{3-ace-{\rm I}}$可以由三面板单元的薄膜变形能${E}_{m}^{3-panel-{\rm I}}$得到。其中,三面板单元Ⅰ的薄膜变形能可以表示为:
${E}_{m}^{3-panel-{\rm I}}\left(\alpha \right)=4{M}_{0}\frac{{H}^{2}}{t}\left(\frac{1.1tan\alpha }{tan\alpha +0.05/tan\alpha }+2tan\left(\frac{\alpha }{2}\right)\right)$
式中:α为两面板间的夹角,见图2
弧形单元Ⅰ中对应的α为90°,其薄膜变形能可以表示为:
${E}_{m}^{3-ace-{\rm I}}\left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)={E}_{m}^{3-panel-{\rm I}}(90°)=12.3{M}_{0}{H}^{2}/t$
弧形单元Ⅱ的薄膜变形能${E}_{m}^{3-ace-Ⅱ}$可以由三面板单元Ⅱ的薄膜变形能${E}_{m}^{3-panel-Ⅱ}$得到。因此,弧形单元Ⅱ的薄膜变形能可以表示为:
${E}_{m}^{3-ace-\Pi }\left({\beta }_{v}\right)=\mathrm{ }{E}_{m}^{3-panel-\Pi }\left({\beta }_{v}\right)={M}_{0}{H}^{2}\left(\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\right({\beta }_{v}/2)+2\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\beta }_{v})/t$
式中:βv=arccos(r/2Rv),v=1,2,3,β1β2β3分别为对应圆周半径为R1R2R3时的角度。
BGCM薄壁管包含不同单元的数量如表1所示,将所有单元的薄膜变形能相加可得到总的薄膜变形能Em
Em=1 828.96M0H2/t
EbEm的表达式代入式(4),可得:
Fm·2=2πM0LT+1 828.96M0H2/t
根据静态平衡条件,令∂Fm/∂H=0,可得H的表达式为:
$H=\sqrt{\frac{2\pi {L}_{T}t}{3 675.92}}$
最后,将H带入式(13)。此外,对于动态加载,为了表征惯性效应对结果的影响,引入动态增强系数kd。铝合金材料的动态增强系数kd的范围是1.3~1.6[18],本文设kd=1.31。因而,BGCM薄壁管在动态加载条件下的理论平均碰撞力的解析式为:
${F}_{md}=\frac{{k}_{d}\sqrt{2\pi }{\sigma }_{0}}{4\eta }\sqrt{1 828.96{L}_{T}}\cdot {t}^{1.5}$
采用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA建立BGCM薄壁管结构轴向冲击载荷条件下的有限元模型,包括移动板、BGCM薄壁管和固定板3个部分。如图3所示,刚性移动板冲击速度为10 m/s、质量为500 kg,为薄壁管提供轴向载荷,BGCM薄壁管的长度为200 mm,底部固定在刚性固定板上。设置静摩擦因数为0.2、动摩擦因数为0.3。BGCM薄壁管的网格尺寸为1.0 mm×1.0 mm,其材料为AA6061铝合金,密度ρ=2 700 kg/m3,弹性模量E=68 GPa,屈服应力σy=71 MPa,泊松比μ=0.33。由于AA6061铝合金对应变率不敏感,故忽略应变率对材料参数的影响[19]
为保证有限元模型的可靠性,建立与文献[14]具有相同尺寸的薄壁管有限元模型,仿真结果与文献试验结果的力-位移曲线和变形模式如图4所示。从图4中可以看出,有限元仿真得到的力-位移曲线与试验结果的力-位移曲线基本吻合,变形模式也与试验变形模式基本一致。仿真结果与试验结果的比较如表2所示,其中FIP仿真结果比试验结果小6.96%,CFE仿真结果比试验结果大5.97%。试验与仿真结果的相对误差小于7%,在可接受的范围内。因此,所建立的有限元模型准确可靠,可用于研究所设计的薄壁管的耐撞性能。
此外,为了验证理论模型的精度,取胞圆半径为5 mm、6 mm,薄壁管壁厚为0.5 mm、0.6 mm、0.7 mm时的仿真结果与理论预测结果进行对比,如表3所示。从表3中可以看出,平均碰撞力理论解与仿真结果的最大误差为5.72%,具有较好的一致性。
当结构出现非均匀特征时,理论解的预测精度会大幅度下降[20]。而且,对于FIP这一重要的耐撞性指标,目前通过理论解进行预测的方法尚未成熟。因此,本文引入机器学习方法,利用LSTM网络模型实现对薄壁管在轴向压缩条件下的耐撞性指标预测,以提高预测的精度和效率。
机器学习作为一类数据驱动的方法,足够的数据量是其模型工作的先决条件。因此,考虑选取样本点的分布均匀性和代表性,采用优化的拉丁超立方试验设计方法生成300组样本点。同时,为降低计算成本,基于多目标优化软件Isight搭建了仿生层级结构的自动化建模计算模型平台,在HyperMesh中进行自动化有限元前处理,并将处理好的有限元模型通过自动化建模自动调用LS-DYNA进行有限元计算,并输出有限元计算结果文件,极大提高了建模效率。
为消除各设计变量及试验结果之间的数量级差距,体现各数据之间的可比性,必须对训练样本和测试样本进行归一化处理,使样本参数均在[0,1]区间内,以满足设计要求。本文使用均值-标准差归一化,计算公式为:
X{scaled}={X-μ}/{σ}
式中:X为样本数据,μ为样本均值,σ为样本标准差。
在深度学习领域,基于梯度的特征重要性评估方法(Gradient-based Feature Importance Evaluation Method)是一种评估特征对模型预测结果的影响程度的重要方法[21]。本文使用该方法分析胞圆半径、胞圆壁厚和肋边壁厚3个特征对预测FIPEA(以压缩位移120 mm处的EA为标准)的贡献程度,结果如图5所示。从图5中可以看出,胞圆壁厚、胞圆半径和肋边壁厚对EAFIP的贡献程度均较高,这意味着在使用神经网络模型进行预测时,可以优先考虑使用rt1t2作为输入特征进行多胞薄壁管力学性能的预测。
在传统的人工神经网络中,受网络结构的限制,当输入序列过长时,网络的长期依赖性难以捕捉,导致梯度在反向传播过程中迅速减小或增大,从而影响模型的训练和性能,致使训练过程中损失误差出现陡增或陡降的特点,从而难以判断模型训练完成时的具体训练批次。因此,本文采用LSTM网络改善人工神经网络的不足。其中,LSTM神经网络由2层LSTM层、2层丢弃(Dropout)层和2层全连接层组成。加入丢弃层可以减少训练过程中的过拟合现象,LSTM神经网络参数如表4所示。
LSTM网络模型在训练过程中的训练集和验证集损失误差曲线如图6a所示,可以看出,LSTM网络模型在前100次训练时,训练集、验证集上的损失误差均显著下降,在第100~400次训练时训练损失和验证损失基本保持不变,可以认为此时模型已经收敛。图6b图6c给出了验证集真实值与预测值的比较结果,表明在此网络超参数条件下,模型具有较高的预测准确性,对FIPEA预测的相关系数(R2)都达到0.996,且预测误差均保持在2%以内。
为了进一步检验神经网络模型的泛化能力,使用测试集样本对网络模型进行评估。测试集真实值与神经网络模型预测值的对比结果及预测误差如图7所示。对于测试集的30个样本点,真实值与预测值之间的吻合度很高,对FIPEA预测的R2分别达到0.984和0.992。此外,FIP的最大预测误差为4.10%,EA的最大预测误差为4.61%,两个耐撞性指标的误差均控制在5%以内。因此,搭建的LSTM网络模型不仅在精度上满足预测要求,在效率上也具有显著优势,可以作为轴向压缩条件下薄壁管耐撞性指标的一种高效预测方法。
本文以一种仿生梯度圆形多胞(BGCM)薄壁管为研究对象,通过数值模拟和理论分析研究了其在轴向压缩条件下的耐撞性,并通过机器学习搭建预测模型。首先,基于简化超折叠单元理论建立了BGCM薄壁管的平均压溃力模型。然后,利用文献试验数据对所建立的仿真模型进行可靠性验证。仿真得到的结构力-位移曲线、变形模式及耐撞性指标与试验结果均具有较好的一致性。此外,推导的理论模型预测结果与仿真结果误差小于6%,验证了理论模型的可靠性。最后,搭建了一种基于LSTM神经网络的预测模型,实现轴向压缩条件下BGCM薄壁管初始峰值力和总吸能的高精度预测。该模型在验证集中对初始峰值力和总吸能预测误差均保持在2%以内,在测试集中,初始峰值力、总吸能的最大预测误差分别为4.10%、4.61%,均控制在5%以内,且验证集和测试集的平均相关系数R2均大于0.984。所以,预测模型具有高精度和强大的泛化能力,并且在保证高精度的同时显著提升了预测效率,可以用于多胞薄壁管在轴向压缩下的性能预测。
  • *合肥工业大学青年教师科研创新启动专项(JZ2023HGQA0135)
  • 四川省博士后科研特别资助项目(TB2024053)
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2025年第卷第6期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250010
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 修回日期:2025-01-31
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*合肥工业大学青年教师科研创新启动专项(JZ2023HGQA0135)
四川省博士后科研特别资助项目(TB2024053)
作者信息
    1 合肥工业大学, 合肥 230009
    2 泸州容大智能变速器有限公司, 泸州 644000

通讯作者:

龚超(1992—),男,讲师,工学博士学位,研究方向为能量吸收与防护,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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