Article(id=1194603977502331567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1194603976973849262, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240398, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1732723200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762745382904, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762745382904, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762745382904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762745382904, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194603976973849262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2025', volume='', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762745382776, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762746633526, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1194609223049913145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1194603976973849262, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1194609223049913146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1194603976973849262, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194603977900790451, articleId=1194603977502331567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=Design and Research of a Vehicle-Mounted Plastic-Encapsulated Half-Bridge Power Module, columnId=1194603977787544242, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=Special Topic on Key Technologies of Power Devices and Power Electronics Systems for New Energy Vehicles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enhance the performance and reliability of power modules, the paper addresses inherent electro-thermal-mechanical multi-physics coupling characteristics. Utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA), comprehensive multi-physics simulations are conducted employing ANSYS software tools, including Q3D Extractor, Fluent, Maxwell, and Twin Builder. The simulation results demonstrate that parasitic inductance and thermal resistance significantly impact the switching characteristics and thermal management performance of the power modules. A thorough system-level evaluation is performed through thermal simulation, parasitic parameter extraction, and Double-Pulse Testing (DPT) simulations. Furthermore, the simulation accuracy is significantly improved by implementing an iterative verification process where experimental measurements are used to recalibrate the simulation models. This refined methodology provides a valuable reference for the subsequent optimization of power module design.

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为提高功率模块的性能和可靠性,针对功率模块电-热-力多物理场耦合特性,通过有限元分析方法,利用ANSYS Q3D、Fluent、Maxwell、Twin Builder等仿真软件进行了多物理场耦合仿真分析,结果表明,寄生电感和热阻对功率模块的开关特性和散热性能具有显著影响,通过热仿真、寄生参数仿真、双脉冲仿真等系统级仿真对功率模块进行了全面评估,并利用试验与仿真闭环的方法对功率模块仿真结果进行重新评估校准,提高了仿真精度,可为后续功率模块设计优化提供参考。

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参数 数值
频率/MHz 10
电阻/Ω 0.005 048 2
电感/nH 4.924 2
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测试结果

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参数 数值
频率/MHz 10
电阻/Ω 0.005 048 2
电感/nH 4.924 2
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参数 数值
温度Tj/℃ 25
电压变化量/V 7.93
电流变化率/A·μs-1 1 580
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测试结果

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参数 数值
温度Tj/℃ 25
电压变化量/V 7.93
电流变化率/A·μs-1 1 580
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试验工况 工作电流/A 相对误差/%
实测值 仿真值
400 V/500 A 脉冲开始 76.80 76.80 0.00
脉冲结束 62.23 62.67 0.71
400 V/800 A 脉冲开始 118.60 90.78 23.46
脉冲结束 100.50 101.30 0.80
400 V/1 200 A 脉冲开始 150.00 122.96 18.03
脉冲结束 150.42 149.34 0.72
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仿真结果与测试结果对比

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试验工况 工作电流/A 相对误差/%
实测值 仿真值
400 V/500 A 脉冲开始 76.80 76.80 0.00
脉冲结束 62.23 62.67 0.71
400 V/800 A 脉冲开始 118.60 90.78 23.46
脉冲结束 100.50 101.30 0.80
400 V/1 200 A 脉冲开始 150.00 122.96 18.03
脉冲结束 150.42 149.34 0.72
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车载塑封半桥功率模块设计与研究
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咬皓程 , 魏颖颖 , 朱占山 , 李敏
汽车工程师 | 新能源汽车功率器件与电力电子系统关键技术专题 2025,(7): 1-9
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汽车工程师 | 新能源汽车功率器件与电力电子系统关键技术专题 2025, (7): 1-9
车载塑封半桥功率模块设计与研究
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咬皓程, 魏颖颖, 朱占山, 李敏
作者信息
  • 中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院, 长春 130013
Design and Research of a Vehicle-Mounted Plastic-Encapsulated Half-Bridge Power Module
Haocheng Yao, Yingying Wei, Zhanshan Zhu, Min Li
Affiliations
  • Global R&D Center, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240398
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为提高功率模块的性能和可靠性,针对功率模块电-热-力多物理场耦合特性,通过有限元分析方法,利用ANSYS Q3D、Fluent、Maxwell、Twin Builder等仿真软件进行了多物理场耦合仿真分析,结果表明,寄生电感和热阻对功率模块的开关特性和散热性能具有显著影响,通过热仿真、寄生参数仿真、双脉冲仿真等系统级仿真对功率模块进行了全面评估,并利用试验与仿真闭环的方法对功率模块仿真结果进行重新评估校准,提高了仿真精度,可为后续功率模块设计优化提供参考。

SiC功率模块  /  多物理场耦合仿真  /  均流特性

To enhance the performance and reliability of power modules, the paper addresses inherent electro-thermal-mechanical multi-physics coupling characteristics. Utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA), comprehensive multi-physics simulations are conducted employing ANSYS software tools, including Q3D Extractor, Fluent, Maxwell, and Twin Builder. The simulation results demonstrate that parasitic inductance and thermal resistance significantly impact the switching characteristics and thermal management performance of the power modules. A thorough system-level evaluation is performed through thermal simulation, parasitic parameter extraction, and Double-Pulse Testing (DPT) simulations. Furthermore, the simulation accuracy is significantly improved by implementing an iterative verification process where experimental measurements are used to recalibrate the simulation models. This refined methodology provides a valuable reference for the subsequent optimization of power module design.

SiC Power Module  /  Multiphysics Coupled Simulation  /  Current Sharing Characteristics
咬皓程, 魏颖颖, 朱占山, 李敏. 车载塑封半桥功率模块设计与研究. 汽车工程师, 2025 , (7) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240398
Haocheng Yao, Yingying Wei, Zhanshan Zhu, Min Li. Design and Research of a Vehicle-Mounted Plastic-Encapsulated Half-Bridge Power Module[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2025 , (7) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240398
与传统硅(Si)材料相比,碳化硅(SiC)具有更高的击穿电压、更低的损耗和更高的热导率[1],这些特性使SiC功率模块在高电压、高开关频率、高功率密度需求的乘用车领域具有较好的应用前景。功率模块性能的主要影响因素有寄生参数、电热特性,以及动态和静态均流特性。本文围绕车规级功率模块的电热特性对其性能和可靠性的影响进行分析,通过仿真计算相关电热参数,利用试验对仿真结果进行验证,并通过试验与多物理场耦合仿真相结合,剖析影响功率模块性能的主要因素。
相比于Si功率模块,SiC功率模块具有高速开关特性,该特性受寄生电感和寄生电容的影响尤为显著,在设计SiC功率模块时,需要优化寄生参数,以确保器件的性能和可靠性。
栅极回路寄生电感LG影响栅极电压UGS,当栅极电流变化率diG/dt较大时,根据电感的电压-电流关系,有:
$\begin{array}{c}V={L}_{G}\frac{d{i}_{G}}{dt}\end{array}$
式中:V为电压。
栅极回路的电压尖峰ΔUGS为:
$\begin{array}{c}\Delta {U}_{GS}\approx {L}_{G}\frac{d{i}_{G}}{dt}\end{array}$
若电压尖峰超过SiC金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,MOSFET)栅极氧化层的承受能力,可能会导致器件损坏[2]
在开关过程中,漏极电流的变化会在漏极寄生电感LD上产生感应电动势,导致电压尖峰[2]。在开关关断时,漏极电流的快速下降会在漏极寄生电感上产生反电动势,形成漏源极电压尖峰:
$\begin{array}{c}\Delta {U}_{DS}\approx {L}_{D}\frac{d{i}_{D}}{dt}\end{array}$
式中:diD/dt为漏极电流变化率。
源极寄生电感会导致开关过程中的振荡和过冲。在关断过程中,电流和电压的振荡会导致额外的损耗,可能对器件造成热应力。可通过调整栅极电阻RG限制过冲电压,但会延长开关时间并增加开关损耗[3]。过冲电压ΔUoff可表示为:
$\begin{array}{c}\Delta {U}_{off}=\left({U}_{TH}+\frac{{I}_{L}}{{g}_{fs}}\right)\cdot \frac{{g}_{fs}\left({L}_{D}+{L}_{S}\right)}{{R}_{G}{C}_{GD}+{g}_{fs}{L}_{S}}\end{array}$
式中:UTH为阈值电压,IL为漏极电流,gfs为跨导,CGD为栅漏电容,LS为源极电感。
为降低源极寄生电感对SiC功率模块开关特性的影响,可通过优化电路设计和模块结构减小寄生电感,并通过缩短开关时间、优化控制方式减少开关损耗[4]。例如,通过在栅极驱动电路中引入额外的电容和电阻,可控制电压上升速率,从而减少开关损耗,同时限制过冲电压,该方法可在保持较低开关损耗的同时允许较高的电压上升速率,从而优化SiC功率模块的性能。
对功率模块寄生电感进行仿真分析前,需进行模型简化与前处理,以解决模型存在较多微小曲面和圆角的问题,简化方法通常需根据分析需求和模型复杂程度决定。
在模型简化时,通常针对特征尺度和孔径进行简化,在仿真中意义不大的结构通常也可简化处理,以减少网格数量,提高仿真效率。本文利用SpaceClaim完成简化。
将简化模型导入ANSYS Q3D中进行寄生参数抽取,按照“建立结构模型-设定材料-网格剖分-添加激励-仿真求解”的步骤完成仿真设置,结果如表1所示。
表1可知,在给定工况下,功率模块的寄生电感为4.924 2 nH,对于SiC塑封半桥功率模块,寄生电感较小,满足性能要求。
使用自建平台对SiC功率模块封装杂散电感进行测试,如图1所示。将待测模块串联接入双脉冲半桥测试回路中,保持上管关断,下管给定双脉冲驱动信号。使用差分电压探头连接测试回路的特定两点,使用电流探头测试流经下管的集电极电流[5]
记录开通瞬态和关断瞬态的电压和电流波形,可获得由杂散电感引起的电压降ΔUCE
根据式(1)可得:
$\begin{array}{c}L=\frac{\Delta {U}_{CE}}{di/dt}\end{array}$
式中:L为功率模块电感,di/dt为电流变化率。
功率模块的电感测试结果如表2图2所示,其中,VGS为MOSFET的栅源电压,VCC为回路两端总电压。
将测试结果代入式(5)计算可得,电感为5.02 nH,在模块电感参考值范围内,测试数据可靠。计算可得功率模块寄生参数仿真结果误差为1.9%,仿真结果与试验结果一致性较高,仿真模型可用于后续分析。
均流特性对SiC功率模块性能的影响较为显著,尤其是在并联使用多个模块时。均流特性决定了各模块均匀分担负载电流的能力,若负载电流分担不均,可能导致某些模块承受的电流应力过大,从而提高热应力、缩短使用寿命,同时可能引发系统保护,影响系统的稳定性和可靠性[6]
并联MOSFET之间的瞬态电流不平衡是模块均流特性的重要影响因素,主要由共源杂散电感和电压电位差导致[7]
$\begin{array}{c}{i}_{M}={g}_{fs}\left({V}_{GS}-{V}_{th}\right)\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{c}{V}_{GS1}-{V}_{GS2}=\left({V}_{G1}-{V}_{S1}\right)-\left({V}_{G2}-{V}_{S2}\right)\approx {V}_{S2S1}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{i}_{ML1}-{i}_{ML2}={g}_{fs}\left({V}_{GS1}-{V}_{th}\right)-{g}_{fs}\left({V}_{GS2}-{V}_{th}\right)\\                  \approx {g}_{fs}{V}_{S2S1}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{c}{V}_{S2S1}={L}_{SL2}\frac{d{i}_{SL2}}{dt}\end{array}$
则高、低侧并联的2个MOSFET的瞬态电流分布也可表示为:
$\begin{array}{c}{i}_{MH1}-{i}_{MH2}\approx {g}_{fs}{L}_{SH1}\frac{d{i}_{SH1}}{dt}\end{array}$
式中:iM为流过MOSFET的电流;iML1iML2分别为流过低侧并联的第1个和第2个MOSFET的电流;VG1VG2分别为第1个和第2个MOSFET的栅极电压;VS1VS2分别为第1个和第2个MOSFET的源极电压;VGS1VGS2分别为并联的2个MOSFET的栅源电压;Vth为MOSFET的阈值电压,当栅源电压超过Vth时,MOSFET导通;VS2S1为2个MOSFET之间的源极电压差;LSL2为低侧MOSFET的共源杂散电感;iMH1iMH2分别为高、低侧并联MOSFET的瞬态电流;LSH1为高侧MOSFET的共源杂散电感;iSH1为流过高侧MOSFET的电流。
由式(6)~式(10)可知,造成功率模块电流不平衡的因素有共源杂散电感不匹配和施加于失配的共源杂散电感上的di/dt
综上,在不施加di/dt的情况下,共源杂散电感不会导致暂态电流不平衡。在高侧开关中,并联器件间的瞬态电流不平衡更小[8]。功率模块的均流特性不仅与杂散电感失配有关,还与电路拓扑连接和内部覆铜陶瓷基板(Direct Bonded Copper,DBC)的布局密切相关。
功率模块均流特性仿真的前处理注意事项与寄生参数和电热仿真要求一致。在完成前处理后,根据电路拓扑将功率模块分别简化为功率回路和控制回路,在2个回路中,对其他不通过电流的铜排和端子进行抑制处理,确保各部分有且仅有1个电流回路。检查电路回路及结构完整性后即可进行均流特性仿真。
在ANSYS Q3D中创建2个项目,导入功率回路和控制回路的简化数模,分别进行电流汇(Sink)、源(Source)设置,整体电流流入、流出量设置需相等,完成电流工况搭建。
其次,需进行电路拓扑搭建与特征化建模,针对功率模块芯片设计布局,结合数据手册,利用数字孪生构建器(Twin Builder)完成模块电路拓扑搭建,同时需结合芯片数据手册完成MOSFET特征化建模拟合,确保模块拟合精度满足设计需求。搭建的电路拓扑和特征化建模参数设置情况如图3图4所示。
完成拓扑电路搭建和参数化建模后,参考双脉冲测试台架设置,在栅源间施加对应的脉冲信号进行仿真分析。利用软件内置电流表、电压表监测观测点数据,生成仿真结果,并与测试数据进行对比分析。
设置工作电压为400 V,分别在工作电流为500 A、800 A、1 200 A的工况下开展仿真,记录所选功率模块内部各芯片上流经的电流,芯片的布局情况与不同工况下通过的电流如图5图6所示。
由不同工况下的仿真结果可知,各芯片的电流随驱动电压变化而变化,仿真结果符合实际规律。
使用自建测试平台对本文的SiC功率模块均流特性进行双脉冲测试分析。双脉冲测试电路通常包括1个电感负载和电源,以模拟实际电路条件,电感用于模拟转换器设计中的电路条件。连接栅极驱动电路,确保MOSFET的栅极驱动信号正确[9],如图7所示。
双脉冲试验原理如图8a所示,其中Vdc为直流电压源,表示输入的直流电压,Q1Q2为2个MOSFET,L为电感。具体操作如下:触发SiC功率模块的栅极,使其开启;在第1个脉冲期间建立电感中的电流;关闭第1个脉冲,保持电感中的负载电流尽可能接近恒定值,此时,电流通过电感和高侧二极管流动[10];触发第2个脉冲,以测量开通和关断过程中的参数,可通过测量漏源电压VDS和漏极电流ID的波形计算器件开通和关断过程中的能量损耗。
根据双脉冲原理建立仿真拓扑,由于所选用模块为塑封8并SiC功率模块,最终电路拓扑如图8b所示。参照仿真工况设定,设置工作电压为400 V,在工作电流分别为500 A、800 A、1 200 A的3种工况下进行试验。
500 A工况下电流仿真与试验结果对比如图9图10所示,其中,A1~A3为试验中通过3组芯片通道的电流。在第2个脉冲开始和结束时,仿真与试验结果整体变化趋势相同,在脉冲开始时,存在上管二极管反向恢复的电流尖峰,尖峰值为76.80 A。脉冲结束时,测得电流为62.23 A,仿真结果平均值为62.67 A,仿真结果与实测值接近。
800 A工况下电流仿真与试验结果对比如图11图12所示。在脉冲开始时,上管二极管反向恢复的试验结果中电流尖峰波动较大,最高尖峰为118.6 A,趋于稳定后为76.2 A。脉冲结束时,试验测得电流为100.5 A,仿真结果平均值为101.3 A,仿真结果与实测值接近。
1 200 A工况下电流仿真与试验结果对比如图13图14所示。在脉冲开始时,试验测得最高电流尖峰为150.00 A,趋于稳定后为97.79 A。脉冲结束时,试验测得电流为150.42 A,仿真结果平均值为149.34 A,仿真结果与测试结果接近。
通过对比3种工况下的仿真测试数据,计算相对精度,如表3所示。
表3可知,在不同工况下,脉冲结束时的电流仿真误差很小,均不超过0.80%。在工作电流为500 A的工况下,脉冲开始时利用仿真软件模拟二极管反向恢复引起的电流过冲尖峰结果与测试值相同。在工作电流分别为800 A、1 200 A的工况下,脉冲开始时电流尖峰仿真结果误差较大,原因可能为测试设备精度、温度效应以及实际器件参数存在一定的变异性。
整体来看,针对SiC功率模块均流特性的仿真结果误差非常小,可用于均流特性分析。
进行SiC功率模块性能分析时,其电流产生的热效应对模块影响显著,高工作温度和高功率密度给芯片并联和结温预测带来了较大困难。设计过程中常需通过仿真与测试结合来搭建热模型对功率模块结温进行预测,以改进结构设计、提高模块整体效率。
功率器件的功率损耗会导致器件温度升高,功率损耗Ploss[7]
$\begin{array}{c}{P}_{loss}={I}_{D}{V}_{DS}\end{array}$
式中:VDS为漏源电压。
热阻Rth用于描述器件从结到环境的热流阻力,可影响器件的温升[11],可通过以下公式计算:
$\begin{array}{c}\Delta T={R}_{th}{P}_{loss}\end{array}$
式中:ΔT为结温与环境温度之差。
综上,功率器件的功率损耗和热阻均会影响器件的温升,进而影响功率模块的性能、可靠性和寿命。
功率循环和热循环对SiC功率模块的寿命影响显著。根据英飞凌的技术文档,功率模块的功率循环和热循环寿命Ncycle估算公式为:
$\begin{array}{c}{N}_{cycle}=\frac{1}{\sum _{i}^{n}\frac{1}{{N}_{cycle,i}}}\end{array}$
式中:i为测试条件或工况组合序号,n为测试条件数量,Ncycle,i为测试条件i对应的功率循环次数[12]
式(13)表明,不同负载条件下各周期对总寿命的消耗遵循线性累积损伤假说,即总损伤由各子循环的寿命倒数之和决定。
损伤率的计算公式为:
$\begin{array}{c}D=\sum _{\Delta {T}_{j}=1℃}^{\Delta {T}_{jmax}}\frac{{N}_{cycle}\Delta {T}_{j}}{{N}_{PC cycle}\Delta {T}_{j}}\end{array}$
式中:Ncycle为在结温变化为ΔTj条件下的循环次数,NPC cycle为在结温变化为ΔTj条件下寿命函数中对应的寿命次数,ΔTjmax为结温变化的最大值。
散热器种类和结构对模块电热特性有较大影响,不同散热结构的热交换能力不同,通常计算如下:
$\begin{array}{c}Q=h\cdot A\cdot \Delta T\end{array}$
式中:Q为散热量,A为接触面积,h为对流传热系数。
式(15)说明了散热器对器件的冷却效果影响的原因。SiC芯片及焊料、塑封料等材料的特性会影响电热器件性能,封装工艺(如焊层厚度、空洞率及键合参数)也会影响模块的电热特性[13]
对功率模块进行电热仿真分析,主要采用Fluent、Maxwell模块。其前处理过程总体原则与电感和均流分析一致。需注意,在热仿真中需进行流场分析,故需针对功率模块构造对应的水道结构,对于热流仿真,模块结构中的圆/倒角、非发热结构均不是主要关注对象,可简化处理。针对键合线,由于其结构小且曲度较大,在热仿真中不起作用,如发生干涉或需要降低仿真工程量,可简化处理[14]
完成仿真前处理后,利用Maxwell和Fluent/Icepak组件进行电热仿真分析。首先将模型导入Design Modeler完成流体域抽取,将功率模块导入Maxwell,针对实际工况进行电流的输入、输出赋值,计算获得电流通过时模块覆层铜自身产生的损耗。之后将含水道结构的模块导入Fluent,将Maxwell与其进行耦合传递数据,在Fluent中对功率模块的各芯片进行损耗加载,并设置相应的流量以及出、入口等边界条件,完成电热仿真分析,最终输出的电热耦合仿真结果如图15图16所示。
由仿真结果可知,在稳态求解情况下,当功率模块的冷却水流量为8 L/min时,芯片最高结温为153.78 ℃,最低为123.92 ℃,结温差约为30 ℃。芯片温度沿水流方向(由入水口至出水口)逐渐降低,模块整体温度分布符合实际规律。
功率模块电热特性测试选用WCMS800B75A44 SiC功率模块,将其置于逆变器中,连接好电路板,模拟工作状态,并搭建热成像仪观测功率模块的实时温度,试验台架如图17所示。
SiC功率模块的黑模块试验用于测试其性能和可靠性,在试验中通过施加电负载将模块加热到热稳态,捕获芯片的电热参数变化,通过负温度系数(Negative Temperature Coefficient,NTC)热敏电阻获得结温变化情况[15]
热阻抗Rth为物体两端温度差与热源功率的比值:
$\begin{array}{c}{R}_{th}=\frac{\Delta T}{P}\end{array}$
式中:P为功率模块内部功率损耗。
热阻抗用于可衡量模块的散热性能,在测量过程中,可通过稳/瞬态、红外热像法、数值模拟法进行分析[16]。在工作电压为440 V、工作电流为650 A、电机转速为1 000 r/min的工况下开展试验,试验中红外热像、黑模块试验温升曲线如图18图19所示。
由热成像结果可知,功率模块芯片最高结温为146.10 ℃,入水口处的芯片(左侧)结温略高于出水口处的芯片(右侧)结温。黑模块仿真测试获得的最高结温为144.92 ℃,电热性能仿真误差仅为0.81%,一定程度上可代替试验进行定性分析。
若实测结果与仿真结果误差较大,原因可能为功率模块的封装材料、传感器位置存在差异等。
本文分析了SiC功率模块性能的影响因素,包括寄生参数、均流特性、电热特性等,分别讨论了不同性能参数对功率模块性能的影响,采用有限元分析软件进行仿真分析,并设计相关试验,通过热仿真、寄生参数仿真、双脉冲仿真等系统级仿真对功率模块仿真结果进行了验证。结果表明:在一定工况下,均流特性和寄生参数指标的仿真结果与试验结果差距很小;电热仿真分析的精度可通过对SiC芯片以及焊料、塑封料等材料特性数值的校准以及仿真方法的选择将结温误差优化到5 ℃内。利用功率模块多物理场耦合仿真对模块设计进行正向优化,可提升模块性能验证效率,大幅降低产品开发周期和成本,实现功率模块的性能验证与分析。此外,本文阐述了栅极、源极、漏极寄生电感对功率模块的影响,说明了影响功率模块均流特性原因,并对功率损耗和热阻对模块热特性的影响进行了研究。
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2025年第卷第7期
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20240398
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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    中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院, 长春 130013
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