Article(id=1190284125610283496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1190290597995970659, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1743177600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761715449954, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761716993256, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1761715449954, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-10-29, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761715449954, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761715449954, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190290597995970659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, year='2025', volume='', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='48', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761716993092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761717119370, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190291127711404379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1190290597995970659, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190291127711404380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, issueId=1190290597995970659, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=37, endPage=41, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190284125819998699, articleId=1190284125610283496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, language=EN, title=The Influence of In-Vehicle Traffic Lights on Driving Characteristics, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineer, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to analyze the effects of In-Vehicle Traffic Lights (IVTL) on driving behavioral characteristics, a driver data collection system is designed in an environment with obstructed line-of-sight. Fifty human subjects between the ages of 20 and 40 are recruited for the driving simulator test, and vehicle and driver status data are collected. After preprocessing, statistical methods are used to analyze the correlation indicators. The results show that compared with driving without IVTL, the average speed of vehicles equipped with IVTL increase significantly. In the condition of traffic lights obstructed by large vehicle, the distance between following vehicle and leading vehicle is reduced, which potentially improves road traffic efficiency, and IVTL can alleviate the stress of drivers brought by the abnormal road environments.

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为分析车内交通灯(IVTL)对驾驶行为特性的影响,设计了驾驶员数据采集系统,以交通信号灯视线遮挡为试验环境,公开招募50名20~40岁的受试者进行驾驶模拟器试验,采集车辆状态数据和驾驶员状态数据并进行预处理后,利用统计学方法对相关性指标进行分析,结果表明:相较于无车内交通灯,配备车内交通灯时平均车速显著提高;在交通信号灯被大型车辆遮挡条件下,跟随车与前车的距离有所减小,可潜在提高道路通行效率;车内交通灯可辅助驾驶员更加专注地驾驶车辆。

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道路环境特征 编号 详细描述
自然环境 场景1-1 自然驾驶、正常交叉路口、晴天
场景1-2 车内交通灯、正常交叉路口、晴天
场景1-3 自然驾驶、正常交叉路口、雾天
场景1-4 车内交通灯、正常交叉路口、雾天
静态物遮挡交通信号灯 场景2-1 自然驾驶、交通信号灯被树叶遮挡、晴天
场景2-2 车内交通灯、交通信号灯被树叶遮挡、晴天
动态物遮挡交通信号灯 场景3-1 自然驾驶、交通信号灯被载货汽车遮挡、晴天
场景3-2 车内交通灯、交通信号灯被载货汽车遮挡、晴天
), ArticleFig(id=1194610976201871429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189918454225211397, articleId=1190284125610283496, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模拟道路环境

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道路环境特征 编号 详细描述
自然环境 场景1-1 自然驾驶、正常交叉路口、晴天
场景1-2 车内交通灯、正常交叉路口、晴天
场景1-3 自然驾驶、正常交叉路口、雾天
场景1-4 车内交通灯、正常交叉路口、雾天
静态物遮挡交通信号灯 场景2-1 自然驾驶、交通信号灯被树叶遮挡、晴天
场景2-2 车内交通灯、交通信号灯被树叶遮挡、晴天
动态物遮挡交通信号灯 场景3-1 自然驾驶、交通信号灯被载货汽车遮挡、晴天
场景3-2 车内交通灯、交通信号灯被载货汽车遮挡、晴天
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车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响
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谢锜帅 1 , 张广松 2 , 王忠 1
汽车工程师 | 智能车辆环境感知与智能决策技术专刊 2025,(8): 37-41
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汽车工程师 | 智能车辆环境感知与智能决策技术专刊 2025, (8): 37-41
车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响
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谢锜帅1, 张广松2, 王忠1
作者信息
  • 1 浙江亚太机电股份有限公司, 杭州 310000
  • 2 江苏大学汽车工程研究院, 镇江 212013
The Influence of In-Vehicle Traffic Lights on Driving Characteristics
Qishuai Xie1, Guangsong Zhang2, Zhong Wang1
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000
  • 2 Automobile Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250053
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为分析车内交通灯(IVTL)对驾驶行为特性的影响,设计了驾驶员数据采集系统,以交通信号灯视线遮挡为试验环境,公开招募50名20~40岁的受试者进行驾驶模拟器试验,采集车辆状态数据和驾驶员状态数据并进行预处理后,利用统计学方法对相关性指标进行分析,结果表明:相较于无车内交通灯,配备车内交通灯时平均车速显著提高;在交通信号灯被大型车辆遮挡条件下,跟随车与前车的距离有所减小,可潜在提高道路通行效率;车内交通灯可辅助驾驶员更加专注地驾驶车辆。

车内交通灯  /  驾驶行为特性  /  视线遮挡环境  /  驾驶模拟器试验

In order to analyze the effects of In-Vehicle Traffic Lights (IVTL) on driving behavioral characteristics, a driver data collection system is designed in an environment with obstructed line-of-sight. Fifty human subjects between the ages of 20 and 40 are recruited for the driving simulator test, and vehicle and driver status data are collected. After preprocessing, statistical methods are used to analyze the correlation indicators. The results show that compared with driving without IVTL, the average speed of vehicles equipped with IVTL increase significantly. In the condition of traffic lights obstructed by large vehicle, the distance between following vehicle and leading vehicle is reduced, which potentially improves road traffic efficiency, and IVTL can alleviate the stress of drivers brought by the abnormal road environments.

In-Vehicle Traffic Lights (IVTL)  /  Driving characteristics  /  Obstructed line-of-sight  /  Driving simulator experiment
谢锜帅, 张广松, 王忠. 车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响. 汽车工程师, 2025 , (8) : 37 -41 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250053
Qishuai Xie, Guangsong Zhang, Zhong Wang. The Influence of In-Vehicle Traffic Lights on Driving Characteristics[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2025 , (8) : 37 -41 . DOI: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250053
车内交通灯(In-Vehicle Traffic Lights,IVTL)技术可在车内同步显示路口交通信号灯的颜色和倒计时信息,以解决前方大型车辆遮挡交通信号灯等情况下的信息获取问题[1]。Olaverri-Monreal等最早提出了IVTL的概念,并评估了用户界面系统的安全性和用户接受度,结果表明,使用IVTL时的驾驶性能与使用传统设备时的驾驶性能并无显著差异[2]。陈鼎等采用IVTL解决了视线遮挡导致无法观测前方交通信号灯的实际问题[3]。Yang等基于IVTL显示开展了系列研究:针对无交通信号灯交叉路口,利用通信技术建立IVTL系统,并将无交通信号灯交叉路口分为优先控制和非优先控制交叉路口,利用交通冲突衡量指标评价了IVTL系统的效果,结果表明,该系统能够辅助驾驶员穿越无交通信号灯交叉路口[4];为了解应用IVTL是否会导致驾驶员分心,提出了“当前”和“预测”的IVTL显示模式,同时考虑普通显示和抬头显示两种方案,结果表明,抬头显示方案的“预测”模式可更有效地提示驾驶员进行生态驾驶[5];针对无交通信号灯交叉路口场景,提出了两种类型的IVTL系统,分别对应双向停止控制和全方位停止控制的交叉路口,同时以IVTL显示和听觉警告的4种组合方式辅助驾驶员,试验结果表明,使用IVTL可以获得更长的后侵入时间和更短的最大制动行程,且IVTL抬头显示可以避免视觉分心[6];针对配备IVTL车辆和未配备IVTL车辆的混行驾驶环境进行驾驶模拟试验,结果表明,前车配备IVTL,而跟随车未配备IVTL时,跟随车的最大减速度仍明显降低[7]
目前,IVTL的相关研究仍不充分,研究场景较为单一,交通信号灯视线受阻的环境尚未涉及,为此,本文开展车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响研究。首先,基于驾驶模拟器搭建晴天、雾天、树叶遮挡交通信号灯、载货汽车遮挡交通信号灯4种道路环境,在仿真软件中建立车内交通灯的交互界面,公开招募受试者在驾驶模拟器上进行试验,采集车辆状态数据和驾驶员状态数据,分析车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响。
相较于实际交通环境下的车路协同系统,仿真软件更容易实现车辆与道路基础设施的通信,为驾驶模拟器试验奠定了基础,仿真软件中车端、路端以及外部设备中驾驶员端的设置情况如图1所示。
实际交通环境下,车端除安装高精度车载传感器采集路况信息外,还通过车载单元(On Board Unit,OBU)获取路侧单元(Road Side Unit,RSU)发送的道路信息,并在车载系统中显示,从而实现环境感知、远距离预警等功能。PreScan中车端需要安装交通参与者信息接收器(Air Information Receiver,AIR)来检测与前车的距离,并安装射频车载单元(Radio-Frequency On Board Unit,RFOBU)进行短距离通信,其属于专用短程通信(Dedicated Short Range Communications,DSRC)技术的一种。同时,仿真车辆模型采用2维车辆动力学模型,并选择罗技G29控制器,设置自动挡。最后在MATLAB/Simulink软件中将车辆的位置信息(横、纵坐标)、车速、油门踏板开度、转向盘转角、制动踏板压力输出到MATLAB工作空间。
车端还需要设置车内交通灯的人机交互界面,应实时显示当前车速,并在信号相位和配时(Signal Phase and Timing,SPAT)信息接收范围内实时显示交通信号灯颜色和倒计时。车内交通灯的人机交互界面由MATLAB中的应用模块实现,并在MATLAB/Simulink中进行交通信号灯的相位和配时配置。
实际交通环境下,车路协同系统中的路端除对检测设备进行智能网联化升级外,还要接入RSU,及时向OBU发布预警、SPAT、车流状态等信息。在仿真软件中,将模拟道路环境的设置归类到路端设置,模拟道路环境中的外界因素包括自然环境、静态物遮挡交通信号灯以及动态物遮挡交通信号灯,内部条件为是否使用IVTL系统,由此将模拟道路环境划分为3个类别,如表1所示,并搭建相应环境。路端还需设置交通信号灯,配时情况为红灯33 s、绿灯30 s、黄灯3 s,只考虑直行相位。交通信号灯配备能够与RFOBU通信的射频信标(Radio-Frequency Beacon,RF Beacon),在RF Beacon射频范围内进行无阻碍传输。驾驶模拟器试验环境如图2所示,包括晴天环境下车内交通灯、雾天环境下车内交通灯、树叶遮挡环境下车内交通灯和载货汽车遮挡环境下车内交通灯,其中雾天能见度为100 m,非动态变化。
驾驶员生理、心理指标能够直接或间接反映驾驶行为特性,如图3所示,生理、心理数据采集系统包括卡片式计算机和脑电传感器。其中,卡片式计算机Raspberry Pi 3b+作为控制终端,脑电传感器用于采集驾驶员专注度、放松度、脑波,采样频率为20 Hz,与仿真软件的车辆状态输出频率一致,从而确保数据同步。
共招募50名受试者,均不是专业驾驶员,年龄范围为20~40岁,平均年龄为30.2岁。所有受试者均有有效的机动车驾驶证,平均取得时间为5.9年。所有受试者的双眼视力(包括矫正视力)均在1.0以上,在试验中身体状况良好,精力充沛。另外,本文试验采用3×2完全因子设计,考察道路环境特征(自然环境、静态物遮挡交通信号灯以及动态物遮挡交通信号灯)和车辆类型(未配备IVTL、配备IVTL)对驾驶行为的影响。每种条件下重复8次试验,受试者随机分配至不同条件组合,每次试验时长控制在45 min以内,试验过程如图4所示。
车辆状态数据可间接表征驾驶员对自然环境、道路情况、辅助驾驶系统应用的反应,驾驶模拟器试验输出的车辆状态数据包括车速、车辆位置、行车距离、转向盘转角、油门踏板开度以及制动踏板压力,由于不考虑换道情况,车辆状态数据不必考虑转向盘转角这一因素。
驾驶员生理、心理指标可直接体现驾驶员对自然环境、道路环境、辅助驾驶系统应用的反应,脑电传感器能够采集专注度、放松度、α波、β波、γ波、δ波、θ波。根据Schwab频率分类,可将常见脑电波按频率由低到高分为δ波、θ波、α波和β[8],不同的脑电波能够反映不同的大脑活动状态和人的精神状态,其中β波与驾驶行为显著相关,加速度、速度和车头间距是与大脑感知活动最相关的驾驶行为数据[9]
特征量方差分析是从指标对影响的贡献度出发,判断两个及以上可控因素对结果影响大小的一种显著性检验方法[10]。驾驶模拟器试验一般是多名受试者按照顺序依次进行相同试验,或在相同试验场景下多次测试,符合方差分析的研究条件,因而本文对处理后的数据进行单因素方差分析。最终,将监测统计量的p值与显著性水平δ=0.05进行比较,当pδ时,控制变量具有显著影响,反之则无[11]。根据以上研究,对车速、车辆间距和β波指标进行单因素方差分析,研究自然环境(晴天、雾天),以及路口交通信号灯被静态物(树叶)、动态物(载货汽车)遮挡条件下车内交通灯对驾驶行为的影响。
图5所示为不同试验环境下的车速分布情况。相较于未配备车内交通灯,在晴天环境、雾天环境、树叶遮挡环境下,配备车内交通灯可以显著提高平均车速(p分别为0.000、0.000、0.014,均小于0.05),这说明在以上环境条件下,车内交通灯可以辅助驾驶员快速通过交叉路口。
图6所示为交通信号灯被载货汽车遮挡环境的车辆间距分布情况,相较于未配备车内交通灯,配备车内交通灯可缩短车辆间距(p=0.000<0.05)。这说明在动态物遮挡环境下,车内交通灯能够消除不利因素,只要前车按照交通规则正常行驶,跟随车的机动性即有所提高,道路通行效率也相应提高。
不同试验环境下脑波数据中低频β波(low β)和高频β波(high β)分布情况如图7所示,相较于未配备车内交通灯,配备车内交通灯时:晴天环境下,低频β波和高频β波均有所提高(p分别为0.000、0.000,均小于0.05);雾天环境下,低频β波有所提高(p=0.000<0.05);交通信号灯被树叶遮挡环境下,低频β波有所提高(p=0.000<0.05);交通信号灯被载货汽车遮挡环境下,低频β波和高频β波均有所提高(p分别为0.000、0.000,均小于0.05)。这说明在以上环境条件下,配备车内交通灯后,驾驶员更加专注地驾驶车辆,提高了行车的安全性。
综上,配备车内交通灯可以提高行车机动性,消除视线遮挡带来的不利影响,同时使驾驶员更加专注地驾驶车辆。
本文围绕车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响进行研究,根据实际交通环境进行车端、路端设置,实现了SPAT信息在车载系统中的显示,并搭建交通信号灯被遮挡的常见环境,包括雾天环境、树叶遮挡以及载货汽车遮挡等,驾驶模拟器试验结果表明,配备车内交通灯后,遮挡环境下驾驶员的专注度得到提高,从而保障了行车机动性、安全性。
本文主要对交通信号灯遮挡环境下配备车内交通灯对驾驶行为特性的影响进行了研究,实际交通环境下路况更加复杂,存在配备与未配备车内交通灯车辆混行的情况,是进一步研究的方向。
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doi: 10.20104/j.cnki.1674-6546.20250053
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 修回日期:2025-03-29
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    1 浙江亚太机电股份有限公司, 杭州 310000
    2 江苏大学汽车工程研究院, 镇江 212013
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