Article(id=1302212452775653850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758729600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401242678, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401242678, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401242678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401242678, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1729, endPage=1740, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212454591787484, articleId=1302212452775653850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Prokaryotic expression,purification,and subcellular localization of rice grain shape regulation protein OsLTPL108, columnId=1302212259774747620, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Crop Genetics & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to perform prokaryotic expression,purification,and subcellular localization of the lipid transfer protein (OsLTPL108) of rice grain shape regulation,providing theoretical reference for elucidating its biological functions and its molecular mechanism of grain shape regulation.

Method

The OsLTPL108 gene coding sequence (CDS) was obtained from the UniProt database,and primers were designed for PCR amplification. The amplification product was detected by electrophoresis and sequencing. Bioinformatic software were used to predict the physicochemical properties,transmembrane domains,signal peptides,hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity,and subcellular localization of the encoded protein. The OsLTPL108 gene was ligated into pGEX-2T to construct the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108,which was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL for induced expression. The purified target protein was verified by immunoblotting. Concurrently,the subcellular localization vector pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP was constructed and transformed into rice protoplasts to observe its subcellular localization.

Result

Using cDNA of rice variety Dingxiang B as the template,the amplified OsLTPL108 gene was 477 bp in length and the sequence was completely consistent with japonica rice whose accession number was LOC_Os03g14654 from the RGAP database. The OsLTPL108 gene encoded 158 amino acid residues,with its relative protein molecular mass of 15.66 kD,and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.7;amino acids 1-30 of N-terminal contained a transmembrane domain,and amino acids 31-158 constituted a soluble domain. Amino acids 1-24 of N-terminal formed a typical signal peptide sequence,suggesting the protein was a secretory one. The core region of OsLTPL108 protein (amino acids 30-120) harbored a complete non-specific LTP family domain (Pfam accession number of PF14368) composed of eight highly conserved cysteine residues. After the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108 was transformed into the prokaryotic expression system,low temperature overnight induction at 18 °C with 0.1 mmol/L IPTG resulted in a high expression of OsLTPL108 protein. A GST-OsLTPL108 protein fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 39.64 kD was successfully obtained,showing single bands without obvious non-specific bands. Protein mass spectrometry identified three specific peptides matching OsLTPL108 protein,confirming that the sequence of exogenously expressed and purified protein OsLTPL108 was correct. After the subcellular localization vector pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP was transformed into rice protoplasts,the green fluorescence signal of the OsLTPL108-EGFP fusion protein displayed a reticular pattern and completely overlapped with the red fluorescence signal OsHLP1-mCherry of endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein,proving that the protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in rice protoplasts.

Conclusion

OsLTPL108 is a secretory protein. By utilizing the solubility-enhancing GST tag,highly pure soluble fusion protein can be obtained from the prokaryotic expression system,which can be used for subsequent protein antibody preparation. The OsLTPL108 protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum of rice cells,and as the endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of plant lipid synthesis,OsLTPL108 is speculated to function in lipid transport.

, authors=Yu-jing PENG1, 2, Wei-wei CHEN2, Dong-jin QING2, Jing-cheng LI2, Bai-yi LU1, 2, Hai-lian ZHOU2, De PENG2, Wei-yong ZHOU2, Hao WU2, Gao-xing DAI2, authorsList=Yu-jing PENG, Wei-wei CHEN, Dong-jin QING, Jing-cheng LI, Bai-yi LU, Hai-lian ZHOU, De PENG, Wei-yong ZHOU, Hao WU, Gao-xing DAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gao-xing DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212456441475566, articleId=1302212452775653850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=水稻粒型调控蛋白OsLTPL108的原核表达、纯化及亚细胞定位, columnId=1302212260148040678, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对调控水稻粒型的脂质转移蛋白(OsLTPL108)进行原核表达、纯化及亚细胞定位,为解析该蛋白的生物学功能及其调控粒型的分子机制提供理论参考。

方法

从UniProt数据库获取OsLTPL108基因编码区(CDS)序列,设计其引物进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行电泳检测及测序,采用生物信息学软件预测其编码蛋白的理化性质、跨膜结构域、信号肽、亲/疏水性及亚细胞定位。将OsLTPL108基因序列连接至pGEX-2T上,构建原核表达载体pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108,并诱导其在大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL中表达,对纯化的目的蛋白进行免疫印迹杂交验证。同时,构建pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP亚细胞定位载体,通过转化水稻原生质体后观察其亚细胞定位。

结果

以水稻品种丁香B的cDNA为模板,扩增获得的OsLTPL108基因长度为477 bp,与RGAP数据库中粳稻登录号为LOC_Os03g14654的基因序列完全一致。OsLTPL108基因编码158个氨基酸残基,蛋白相对分子量为15.66 kD,理论等电点为8.7,N端第1~30位氨基酸含有跨膜结构域,第31~158位为可溶性结构域;N端第1~24位氨基酸构成典型信号肽序列,推测该蛋白属于分泌型蛋白。OsLTPL108蛋白的核心区域(第30~120位氨基酸)含有1个完整的非特异性LTP家族标志性结构域(Pfam登录号PF14368),由8个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基构成。pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108原核表达载体转化原核表达系统后,18 ℃、0.1 mmol/L IPTG低温诱导过夜,OsLTPL108蛋白的表达量较高。成功获得分子量约39.64 kD的GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白,且条带单一,无明显的非特异性条带。蛋白质谱鉴定获得3条与OsLTPL108蛋白匹配的特异性肽段,外源表达纯化的OsLTPL108蛋白序列正确。pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP亚细胞定位载体转化水稻原生质体后,OsLTPL108-EGFP融合表达蛋白的绿色荧光信号呈网状分布,与内质网定位蛋白OsHLP1-mCherry的红色荧光信号完全重叠,证明该蛋白定位于水稻原生质体的内质网上。

结论

OsLTPL108属于分泌型蛋白,通过添加助溶标签GST可利用原核表达系统获得高纯度的可溶性融合蛋白,可用于后续的蛋白抗体制备。OsLTPL108蛋白定位于水稻细胞的内质网,由于内质网是植物脂质合成主要场所,推测OsLTPL108蛋白发挥脂质转运的功能。

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彭宇婧(2001-),https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2485-7331,研究方向为水稻优质化育种,E-mail:

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Plant Physio-logy154(1):149-162., articleTitle=OsC6,encoding a lipid transfer protein,is required for postmeiotic anther development in rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212470987321999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, doi=10.1111/pbi.13243, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=3, pageStart=756, pageEnd=769, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=70, authorNames=Zhao J, Wang S S, Qin J J, Sun C Q, Liu F X, journalName=Plant Biotechnology Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao JWang S SQin J JSun C QLiu F X. 2020. The lipid transfer protein OsLTPL159 is involved in cold tolerance at the early seedling stage in rice[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal18(3):756-769., articleTitle=The lipid transfer protein OsLTPL159 is involved in cold tolerance at the early seedling stage in rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212471062819472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, doi=10.1093/plcell/koad239, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=12, pageStart=4325, pageEnd=4346, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=71, authorNames=Zhou C L, Lin Q B, Ren Y L, Lan J, Miao R, Feng M, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang S Z, Pan T, Wang J C, Luo S, Qian J S, Luo W F, Mou C L, Nguyen T, Cheng Z J, Zhang X, Lei C L, Zhu S S, Guo X P, Wang J, Zhao Z C, Liu S J, Jiang L, Wan J M, journalName=The Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou C LLin Q BRen Y LLan JMiao RFeng MWang XLiu XZhang S ZPan TWang J CLuo SQian J SLuo W FMou C LNguyen TCheng Z JZhang XLei C LZhu S SGuo X PWang JZhao Z CLiu S JJiang LWan J M. 2023. A CYP78As-small grain4-coat protein complex II pathway promotes grain size in rice[J]. 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M:DL2000 DNA Marker;1:总RNA样品;2:OsLTPL108基因PCR产物

, figureFileSmall=Dq/MkE/zmePAKW2Qlru2kg==, figureFileBig=5/46iw0Ezk36FE822Cqfmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212461873099319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=, figureFileSmall=KP0vJK/pj397Rsbpyw+OFg==, figureFileBig=cZSzbrRkzqJe93CkgfwWUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212461936013880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=CN, label=图2, caption=, figureFileSmall=KP0vJK/pj397Rsbpyw+OFg==, figureFileBig=cZSzbrRkzqJe93CkgfwWUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212461998928441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=PCR detection results of recombinant plasmids of pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108, figureFileSmall=N6/d2h7LiYAwxrNMJ83pVQ==, figureFileBig=595ApIamQ4FM6z7kAENrHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212462158311994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=CN, label=图3, caption=pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108重组质粒PCR检测结果

M:DL2000 DNA Marker;1~3:pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108重组质粒PCR产物

, figureFileSmall=N6/d2h7LiYAwxrNMJ83pVQ==, figureFileBig=595ApIamQ4FM6z7kAENrHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212462225420859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Exogenous expression of OsLTPL108 protein detected by SDS-PAGE, figureFileSmall=e9P0gIetaurKIvhzyuUYiw==, figureFileBig=q7y+Uh2Et7kC2ymRq/Ox0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212462292529724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SDS-PAGE检测OsLTPL108蛋白外源表达情况

M:蛋白Marker;N:未加IPTG诱导的菌液样品;C:加入IPTG的菌液样品;S:超声破碎后的上清液;F:过层析柱后的流穿液;E1和E2:洗脱液管1和洗脱液管2。图5同

, figureFileSmall=e9P0gIetaurKIvhzyuUYiw==, figureFileBig=q7y+Uh2Et7kC2ymRq/Ox0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212462372221501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Detection of specificity and purity of OsLTPL108 protein, figureFileSmall=wCILE+vkMkOJXjwMBN0eRg==, figureFileBig=n2ZUT7K6W0LWZ05lqdRR7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212462640656958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=CN, label=图5, caption=OsLTPL108蛋白特异性和纯度检测, figureFileSmall=wCILE+vkMkOJXjwMBN0eRg==, figureFileBig=n2ZUT7K6W0LWZ05lqdRR7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212462728737343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Secondary spectrum of polypeptides identified by mass spectrometry analysis, figureFileSmall=r9mKbNOqD3JO5vXM3ZhAvw==, figureFileBig=cilzeeK5TvqJrubw5IytgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212463060087360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=CN, label=图6, caption=质谱分析鉴定的多肽二级图谱, figureFileSmall=r9mKbNOqD3JO5vXM3ZhAvw==, figureFileBig=cilzeeK5TvqJrubw5IytgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212463135584833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Results of full-length amplification of OsLTPL108 gene (A) and verification of its subcellular localization vector (B), figureFileSmall=tk2RZj0l5DvtbLQc/VKrTg==, figureFileBig=PE9t7GNGKmwkIRCb2LI0vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212463479517762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212452775653850, language=CN, label=图7, caption=OsLTPL108基因全长扩增(A)及其亚细胞定位载体验证(B)结果

M:DL2000 DNA Marker;1:OsLTPL108基因扩增产物;2~4:pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP亚细胞定位载体扩增产物

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水稻粒型调控蛋白OsLTPL108的原核表达、纯化及亚细胞定位
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彭宇婧 1, 2 , 陈韦韦 2 , 卿冬进 2 , 李经成 2 , 卢柏亦 1, 2 , 周海连 2 , 彭德 2 , 周维永 2 , 伍豪 2 , 戴高兴 2, *, *
南方农业学报 | 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026,57(6): 1729-1740
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南方农业学报 |作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026 , 57 (6) : 1729 -1740
水稻粒型调控蛋白OsLTPL108的原核表达、纯化及亚细胞定位
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彭宇婧1, 2 , 陈韦韦2, 卿冬进2, 李经成2, 卢柏亦1, 2, 周海连2, 彭德2, 周维永2, 伍豪2, 戴高兴2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004
  • 2广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
通讯作者:
戴高兴(1975-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1886-3088,博士,研究员,主要从事杂交水稻遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

彭宇婧(2001-),https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2485-7331,研究方向为水稻优质化育种,E-mail:

Prokaryotic expression,purification,and subcellular localization of rice grain shape regulation protein OsLTPL108
Yu-jing PENG1, 2 , Wei-wei CHEN2, Dong-jin QING2, Jing-cheng LI2, Bai-yi LU1, 2, Hai-lian ZHOU2, De PENG2, Wei-yong ZHOU2, Hao WU2, Gao-xing DAI2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China
  • 2Rice Research Institute,Guangxi Aca-demy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.010
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目的

对调控水稻粒型的脂质转移蛋白(OsLTPL108)进行原核表达、纯化及亚细胞定位,为解析该蛋白的生物学功能及其调控粒型的分子机制提供理论参考。

方法

从UniProt数据库获取OsLTPL108基因编码区(CDS)序列,设计其引物进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行电泳检测及测序,采用生物信息学软件预测其编码蛋白的理化性质、跨膜结构域、信号肽、亲/疏水性及亚细胞定位。将OsLTPL108基因序列连接至pGEX-2T上,构建原核表达载体pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108,并诱导其在大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL中表达,对纯化的目的蛋白进行免疫印迹杂交验证。同时,构建pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP亚细胞定位载体,通过转化水稻原生质体后观察其亚细胞定位。

结果

以水稻品种丁香B的cDNA为模板,扩增获得的OsLTPL108基因长度为477 bp,与RGAP数据库中粳稻登录号为LOC_Os03g14654的基因序列完全一致。OsLTPL108基因编码158个氨基酸残基,蛋白相对分子量为15.66 kD,理论等电点为8.7,N端第1~30位氨基酸含有跨膜结构域,第31~158位为可溶性结构域;N端第1~24位氨基酸构成典型信号肽序列,推测该蛋白属于分泌型蛋白。OsLTPL108蛋白的核心区域(第30~120位氨基酸)含有1个完整的非特异性LTP家族标志性结构域(Pfam登录号PF14368),由8个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基构成。pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108原核表达载体转化原核表达系统后,18 ℃、0.1 mmol/L IPTG低温诱导过夜,OsLTPL108蛋白的表达量较高。成功获得分子量约39.64 kD的GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白,且条带单一,无明显的非特异性条带。蛋白质谱鉴定获得3条与OsLTPL108蛋白匹配的特异性肽段,外源表达纯化的OsLTPL108蛋白序列正确。pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP亚细胞定位载体转化水稻原生质体后,OsLTPL108-EGFP融合表达蛋白的绿色荧光信号呈网状分布,与内质网定位蛋白OsHLP1-mCherry的红色荧光信号完全重叠,证明该蛋白定位于水稻原生质体的内质网上。

结论

OsLTPL108属于分泌型蛋白,通过添加助溶标签GST可利用原核表达系统获得高纯度的可溶性融合蛋白,可用于后续的蛋白抗体制备。OsLTPL108蛋白定位于水稻细胞的内质网,由于内质网是植物脂质合成主要场所,推测OsLTPL108蛋白发挥脂质转运的功能。

水稻  /  OsLTPL108蛋白  /  粒型  /  原核表达  /  蛋白纯化  /  亚细胞定位
Objective

This study aimed to perform prokaryotic expression,purification,and subcellular localization of the lipid transfer protein (OsLTPL108) of rice grain shape regulation,providing theoretical reference for elucidating its biological functions and its molecular mechanism of grain shape regulation.

Method

The OsLTPL108 gene coding sequence (CDS) was obtained from the UniProt database,and primers were designed for PCR amplification. The amplification product was detected by electrophoresis and sequencing. Bioinformatic software were used to predict the physicochemical properties,transmembrane domains,signal peptides,hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity,and subcellular localization of the encoded protein. The OsLTPL108 gene was ligated into pGEX-2T to construct the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108,which was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL for induced expression. The purified target protein was verified by immunoblotting. Concurrently,the subcellular localization vector pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP was constructed and transformed into rice protoplasts to observe its subcellular localization.

Result

Using cDNA of rice variety Dingxiang B as the template,the amplified OsLTPL108 gene was 477 bp in length and the sequence was completely consistent with japonica rice whose accession number was LOC_Os03g14654 from the RGAP database. The OsLTPL108 gene encoded 158 amino acid residues,with its relative protein molecular mass of 15.66 kD,and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.7;amino acids 1-30 of N-terminal contained a transmembrane domain,and amino acids 31-158 constituted a soluble domain. Amino acids 1-24 of N-terminal formed a typical signal peptide sequence,suggesting the protein was a secretory one. The core region of OsLTPL108 protein (amino acids 30-120) harbored a complete non-specific LTP family domain (Pfam accession number of PF14368) composed of eight highly conserved cysteine residues. After the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108 was transformed into the prokaryotic expression system,low temperature overnight induction at 18 °C with 0.1 mmol/L IPTG resulted in a high expression of OsLTPL108 protein. A GST-OsLTPL108 protein fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 39.64 kD was successfully obtained,showing single bands without obvious non-specific bands. Protein mass spectrometry identified three specific peptides matching OsLTPL108 protein,confirming that the sequence of exogenously expressed and purified protein OsLTPL108 was correct. After the subcellular localization vector pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP was transformed into rice protoplasts,the green fluorescence signal of the OsLTPL108-EGFP fusion protein displayed a reticular pattern and completely overlapped with the red fluorescence signal OsHLP1-mCherry of endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein,proving that the protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in rice protoplasts.

Conclusion

OsLTPL108 is a secretory protein. By utilizing the solubility-enhancing GST tag,highly pure soluble fusion protein can be obtained from the prokaryotic expression system,which can be used for subsequent protein antibody preparation. The OsLTPL108 protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum of rice cells,and as the endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of plant lipid synthesis,OsLTPL108 is speculated to function in lipid transport.

Oryza sativa L.  /  OsLTPL108 protein  /  grain shape  /  prokaryotic expression  /  protein purification  /  subcellular localization
彭宇婧, 陈韦韦, 卿冬进, 李经成, 卢柏亦, 周海连, 彭德, 周维永, 伍豪, 戴高兴. 水稻粒型调控蛋白OsLTPL108的原核表达、纯化及亚细胞定位. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1729 -1740 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.010
Yu-jing PENG, Wei-wei CHEN, Dong-jin QING, Jing-cheng LI, Bai-yi LU, Hai-lian ZHOU, De PENG, Wei-yong ZHOU, Hao WU, Gao-xing DAI. Prokaryotic expression,purification,and subcellular localization of rice grain shape regulation protein OsLTPL108[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1729 -1740 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.010
【研究意义】水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界上重要的粮食作物之一,世界上一半以上人口均以稻米作为主食,其产量和品质关乎粮食安全与农业可持续发展(Xing and Zhang,2010Sun et al.,2018郭韬等,2019)。千粒重作为影响产量的关键指标,与水稻籽粒的粒型(包括粒长、粒宽和长宽比)紧密相关(Ren et al.,2023He et al.,2024),且粒型也是影响稻米外观品质的重要指标之一(Mao et al.,2010黄海祥和钱前,2017刘喜等,2018冯海洋等,2025),是受多基因网络精细调控的数量性状(Liu et al.,2015a,2015b,;Li and Li,2016Li et al.,2018)。脂质转移蛋白(Lipid transfer proteins,LTPs)广泛分布于植物、动物和微生物中,占细胞可溶性蛋白的4%(田爱梅和曹家树,2008刘芳和卢长明,2013)。这类小分子碱性肽含有N端疏水信号肽及8个保守的半胱氨酸残基,共同构成内部疏水腔(Kader et al.,1996Liu et al.,2015a)。已有研究表明,LTPs在细胞壁延伸、种子发育和品质形成等多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用(Nieuwland et al.,2005Wang et al.,2015Zhao et al.,2020Long et al.,2023)。因此,对水稻LTPs蛋白进行外源表达及亚细胞定位,是制备抗体、深入解析该蛋白在水稻粒型形成过程中所参与的脂质信号传导机制的关键前提。【前人研究进展】LTPs已被证明在多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用,包括蜡质体组装(Hollenbach et al.,1997)、细胞壁延伸(Nieuwland et al.,2005)、减数分裂后花药发育(Zhang et al.,2010)、花粉管顶端生长与受精(Chae et al.,2009)、种子发育与品质(Fujino et al.,2008Wang et al.,2015Li et al.,2023b2023c)、病原体防御反应(Ahmed et al.,2017)及植物对非生物胁迫的响应。Wang等(2012)已从水稻全基因组序列中发现53个非特异性LTPs基因。Liu等(2013)研究发现,OsLTP6基因受启动子正、负调控元件调控,在花药特异性表达,推测其通过介导脂质转运参与花药角质层及花粉外壁形成。Chen等(2022)研究发现,OsLTP47基因功能缺失会导致花药脂质代谢紊乱、发育异常及花粉壁缺陷,最终造成水稻雄性不育,说明该基因在花粉壁发育中具有重要作用。LTPL(LTP-like)是LTP家族的一个亚类(Tao et al.,2021)。Zhao等(2020)研究发现,OsLTPL159基因的等位基因表达可提高过氧化物酶活性,以清除活性氧,促进细胞壁纤维素沉积,并积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质,维持叶绿体结构完整性,从而显著增强水稻幼苗早期的耐寒性。孙琳琳(2021)研究证实,OsLTPL14基因高表达可降低褐飞虱繁殖力,参与水稻对褐飞虱的防御反应。Li等(2023b)研究发现,OsLTPL23基因通过调控淀粉-糖转化和脱落酸(ABA)来控制胚乳合成,从而影响种子活力和幼苗生长。研究发现LTPs广泛分布于细胞壁(Thoma et al.,1993)、细胞质(Guo et al.,2013)、细胞质膜(Edstam et al.,2014)。Lin等(2017)在水稻中鉴定出5个盐胁迫诱导型LTP基因(LtpII.3/5/6LtpV.1/2)及2个LTPL基因(LtpL1/2),这些基因的表达受盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、氧化胁迫等非生物胁迫调控,且通过ABA途径实现组织特异性表达,其编码蛋白均亚细胞定位于内质网。刘晓灿等(2006)研究发现,水稻非特异LTP蛋白(OSDIR)经过外源诱导表达及纯化,获得高纯度重组OSDIR蛋白。本课题组前期通过Tandem Mass Tags(TMT)标记定量蛋白质组学方法挖掘到1个粒型调控蛋白B8AKC9,通过构建转基因材料证明其可影响粒型(Qing et al.,2023)。B8AKC9对应水稻参考基因组注释网站(https://www.ricedata.cn/gene/)的基因为OsLTPL108,是一个植物非特异性脂质转移蛋白家族的分泌蛋白。【本研究切入点】前人通过定量蛋白组学筛选与功能验证证实,OsLTPL108蛋白具有调控水稻粒长的生物学功能,是粒长正调控蛋白OsLTPL108,但未对其进行外源表达及亚细胞定位研究。【拟解决的关键问题】解析粒型调控蛋白OsLTPL108的特性,制备OsLTPL108蛋白并明确其亚细胞定位,构建其原核表达体系,为深入解析该蛋白调控水稻粒型的分子机制提供关键依据。
水稻品种丁香B(保持系)由广西农业科学院水稻研究所保存。原核表达载体PGEX-2T[含谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)标签,且多克隆位点含BamH I、EcoR I酶切位点]购自武汉淼灵生物科技有限公司;亚细胞定位载体pRHV-cGFP[含增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP),且多克隆位点含BamH I酶切位点]为实验室保存;双元载体pCAMBIA1300-OsHLP1-mCherry(含内质网定位基因OsHLP1及mCherry红色荧光标签)由广西大学邱永福教授实验室馈赠。主要试剂:2×Phanta Taq Master Mix、FastPure Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit、HiScript III 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit、ClonExpress II One Step Cloning Kit、大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞、DL5000 DNA Marker均购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL感受态细胞购自北京博迈德生物技术有限公司;DL2000 DNA Marker购自北京兰杰柯科技有限公司;限制性内切酶BamH I、EcoR I、T4 DNA连接酶均购自美国NEB公司;Glutathione Agarose Beads 4FF树脂、GST-Protein Elution Buffer购自江苏千株松生物科技有限公司。主要仪器设备:Triple TOF5600质谱仪(AB SCIEX公司)、人工气候箱(RXM型,宁波江南仪器厂)、一体式凝胶成像系统(北京六一生物科技有限公司)、FC型酶标仪(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)、超声波细胞粉碎机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司)、电泳转印系统(BIO-RAD公司)、C1000 Touch Thermal Cycler(BIO-RAD公司)。
种子处理流程:饱满种子28 ℃避光清水浸泡24 h,37 ℃避光保湿(毛巾包裹,湿度80%)催芽48 h,播种至营养土(泥炭土∶蛭石=3∶1),25 ℃人工气候箱培养,光周期16 h光照/8 h黑暗,光照强度300 μmol/(m2·s),相对湿度70%;三叶期取地上部组织,液氮速冻后-80 ℃保存,用于RNA提取。
取丁香B三叶期的地上部组织,使用液氮研磨成粉,用植物RNA试剂盒提取总RNA;通过NanoDrop 2000检测RNA纯度(OD260 nm/OD280 nm为1.8~2.0),1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳(120 V,20 min)验证完整性(28S rRNA、18S rRNA条带清晰,无明显降解)。以1 μg总RNA为模板反转录合成cDNA。反应体系20.0 μL:5×RT Buffer 4.0 μL,dNTP Mix(10 mmol/L) 2.0 μL,RNase Inhibitor(40 U/μL)0.5 μL,Reverse Transcriptase(200 U/μL)1.0 μL,oligo (dT) Primer(10 μmol/L)1.0 μL,RNA模板1.0 μg,RNase-free H2O补足至20.0 μL。反应条件:42 ℃ 30 min,85 ℃ 5 min终止反应,-20 ℃保存用于后续试验。
从UniProt数据库获取OsLTPL108基因编码区(CDS)序列,设计其引物(上游引物KC9-F:5'-ATGGC AAGCAAACAGGCAAT-3';下游引物KC9-R:5'-TT AAACACAAACTACAGCGGAGAC-3')。以丁香B的cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,反应体系25.0 μL:2×Rapid Taq Master Mix 12.5 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各0.5 μL,cDNA模板2.0 μL,ddH2O补足至25.0 μL。扩增程序:98 ℃预变性3 min;98 ℃ 10 s,60 ℃ 45 s,72 ℃ 30 s,进行38个循环,72 ℃延伸5 min。1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,使用DNA回收试剂盒回收纯化目的片段。
借助SMART数据库与Pfam数据库对OsLTPL108蛋白进行预测分析,明确其保守结构域分布及关键功能位点,重点聚焦非特异性LTP家族特有的标志性结构域(8个半胱氨酸组成的保守骨架)。采用SignalP 6.0预测OsLTPL108蛋白的信号肽和潜在切割位点。通过ExPASy数据库中的ProtParam工具计算OsLTPL108蛋白的相对分子量、理论等电点、氨基酸组成及稳定性指数等理化参数。采用TMHMM-2.0对OsLTPL108蛋白进行跨膜结构域预测,设定跨膜概率阈值>0.5作为潜在跨膜区域的判定标准(Krogh et al.,2001)。
为消除跨膜结构域对原核表达的干扰,本研究选取非跨膜结构域对应的CDS序列进行重组表达载体的构建。结合pGEX-2T载体多克隆位点,设计含BamH I、EcoR I酶切位点的特异性引物(上游引物KC9-F:5'-CGGGATCCTGCCAAGCACCGGCAC CAA-3';下游引物KC9-R:5'-CGGAATTCAACACA AACTACAGCGGAGAC-3')。用BamH I和EcoR I双酶切OsLTPL108基因片段和pGEX-2T载体,分别切胶回收酶切产物,按基因片段∶载体=8∶1(分子个数比)混合,加入T4连接缓冲液和T4连接酶,16 ℃水浴连接过夜。连接产物通过热激法转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,涂布于LB固体培养基,37 ℃倒置培养12~16 h。选取单菌落接种至LB液体培养基,在37 ℃、220 r/min 振荡培养12 h,取菌液进行PCR鉴定。将PCR鉴定为阳性的重组质粒进行测序,确保目的基因片段准确插入pGEX-2T载体。
参考卿冬进等(2025)的方法:将测序正确的pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108质粒通过热激法转化大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL感受态细胞,涂布于LB固体培养基,37 ℃培养12~16 h;挑选单菌落接种至5 mL LB液体培养基,37 ℃、220 r/min振荡培养12 h;按1∶100体积比将种子菌液转接至200 mL LB液体培养基,37 ℃、220 r/min扩大培养至OD600 nm为0.6~0.8;加入IPTG至终浓度0.1 mmol/L,18 ℃、160 r/min诱导表达12~16 h。诱导结束后,4 ℃、10000 r/min离心5 min收集菌体,用40 mL GST Binding Buffer重悬,冰浴下超声波破碎细胞;4 ℃、10000 r/min离心20 min收集上清液,取10 μL上清液与等体积2×蛋白上样缓冲液混合,用于10%十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测。
取0.8 mL Glutathione Agarose Beads 4FF树脂装入15 mL层析柱,释放出保护缓冲液,用5~10 mL GST Binding Buffer平衡树脂;将蛋白上清液缓慢上柱,收集流出液(穿流液);用5~10 mL 1×GST Wash Buffer洗脱杂蛋白,再用2 mL GST-Protein Elution Buffer(含10 mmol/L还原型谷胱甘肽)洗脱目标蛋白。取纯化后目标蛋白洗脱液、菌体破碎上清液、过层析柱后的穿流液、pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108未诱导菌体蛋白及pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108加IPTG诱导表达菌体蛋白各10 μL,用于SDS-PAGE检测,考马斯亮蓝R-250染色2 h,脱色液脱色至条带清晰,观察蛋白表达情况。
取纯化后目标蛋白洗脱组分(E1、E2)、纯化前菌体破碎上清液、pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108未诱导菌体蛋白,及pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108加IPTG诱导表达菌体蛋白各20 μL,分别与2×Loading Buffer按1∶1体积比混匀,每份样品上样2 μL进行SDS-PAGE检测,将凝胶上的蛋白转移至PVDF膜;转膜结束后,用含1×TBST的5%脱脂奶粉在室温条件下封闭2 h,以达到封闭非特异性结合位点的目的。之后加入GST标签一抗(以含1%脱脂奶粉的TBST缓冲液稀释至1∶5000),常温孵育1 h;次日用1×TBST缓冲液振荡洗涤3次,每次15 min。再加入Mouse二抗(用含1%脱脂奶粉的TBST缓冲液稀释至1∶50000),室温孵育1 h后用1×TBST缓冲液振荡洗涤3次,每次10 min。最后使用增强型化学发光(ECL)试剂盒显影,经显影仪曝光得到目标胶片。
SDS-PAGE检测后切取40~60 kD的目标蛋白条带,参考Li等(2009)的方法进行胶内胰酶消化,获得蛋白多肽;用Triple TOF5600质谱仪分析多肽氨基酸序列,将其与籼稻蛋白质数据库进行比对,验证目标蛋白的正确性。
参考未丽和刘建利(2021)的方法,将OsLTPL108基因全长序列中去除终止子TAA后的序列(474 bp)用于亚细胞定位载体构建。根据克隆得到的OsLTPL108基因序列,设计含BamH I酶切位点的OsLTPL108基因全长的引物(上游引物KC9-cGFP-F:5'-ATATCCAGATCCAGTGGGATCCATGGCAAG CAAACAGGCAAT-3';下游引物KC9-cGFP-R:5'-TT GGTACCGAGCTCACCCGGGGATCCAACACAAACTACAGCGGAGACT-3')。以丁香B的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增OsLTPL108基因全长序列,PCR产物用BamH I酶切后纯化回收,与同样BamH I酶切后的pRHVcGFP载体连接。连接产物通过热激法转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,涂布于含50 μg/mL卡那霉素的LB固体培养基,37 ℃培养12~16 h;挑选单菌落进行PCR鉴定,取阳性菌液,抽提其质粒并测序,测序正确的载体命名为pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP。
选取培养10~16 d的黄化水稻苗,切成0.5 mm小段,加入甘露醇中孵育10 min;过滤后加入10 mL酶解液,避光孵育5 h;加入5 mL W5溶液(含154 mmol/L NaCl,125 mmol/L CaCl2,5 mmol/L KCl,2 mmol/L MES,pH 5.7),振荡15 s后过滤,100×g离心5 min收集原生质体;用W5溶液重悬原生质体,再次100×g离心5 min,最终用1 mL Mannitol-Magnesium solution(MMG)溶液(含0.4 mol/L甘露醇,15 mmol/L MgCl2,4 mmol/L MES,pH 5.7)重悬。将pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP载体(10 μg)与内质网Marker(已知的内质网的蛋白融合RFP标签的载体 pCAMBIA1300-OsHLP1-mCherry)(10 μg)共同转入原生质体,避光培养16 h;取原生质体滴于载玻片上,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察荧光信号。激光共聚焦显微镜检测参数:GFP通道最大激发波长为488 nm,发射波长为509 nm;mCherry通道最大激发波长为587 nm,发射波长为610 nm。
提取水稻品种丁香B的总RNA,结果(图1-A)显示,28S rRNA与18S rRNA条带清晰,无明显降解,OD260 nm/OD280 nm=1.92,说明总RNA质量合格,可用于cDNA合成。以cDNA为模板、KC9-F和KC9-R为引物对OsLTPL108基因进行PCR扩增,结果(图1-B)显示,PCR扩增获得单一条带,长度约500 bp。将PCR产物测序后进行序列比对,结果显示,OsLTPL108基因片段长度为477 bp与RGAP数据库中粳稻登录号为LOC_Os03g14654的基因CDS序列完全一致。
OsLTPL108基因编码158个氨基酸残基,蛋白相对分子量为15.66 kD,理论等电点为8.7。OsLTPL108蛋白的核心区域(第30~120位氨基酸)含有1个完整的非特异性LTP家族标志性结构域(Pfam登录号PF14368),包含8个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基,这些残基可通过4个二硫键维系蛋白的疏水空腔构象,为其潜在的脂质结合与转运功能提供结构基础,与LTP家族蛋白的典型结构特征一致,推测这些保守的半胱氨酸残基对其维持稳定的三级结构及发挥生物学功能至关重要。由图2-A可知,OsLTPL108蛋白的N端第1~30位氨基酸区域预测为跨膜结构域;第31~158位氨基酸区域预测为非跨膜结构域。仅N端有1个疏水区,这个区域可能是疏水信号肽,不代表该蛋白是膜蛋白。利用SignalP 6.0进行信号肽预测分析,结果(图2-B)显示,OsLTPL108蛋白的N端第1~24位氨基酸构成典型信号肽序列,预测概率为0.99,推测该蛋白属于分泌型蛋白。亚细胞定位预测结果也显示,OsLTPL108蛋白定位于细胞外。
为了防止该疏水区域对蛋白表达产生影响,选取第31~158位氨基酸对应的编码基因序列(384 bp)用于原核表达载体构建。PCR扩增获得的OsLTPL108基因和pGEX-2T载体均用BamH I和EcoR I进行双酶切,将目的片段与pGEX-2T载体纯化后,用T4连接酶连接,连接产物转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。挑选单菌落扩大培养后,提取质粒进行PCR鉴定,结果(图3)显示,目的基因片段约为500 bp,与预期结果相符。测序结果显示,载体上插入的基因序列正确,表明成功构建原核表达载体pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108,可用于后续目的蛋白的纯化试验。
将pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,筛选出阳性单克隆菌落,接种到5 mL液体LB培养基中,37 ℃过夜培养后,再取2 mL菌液转接至200 mL的液体LB培养基中扩大培养,至OD600 nm为0.6~0.8时,添加IPTG使终浓度达到0.1 mmol/L,18 ℃过夜培养以诱导目的蛋白的高效表达。SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果(图4)显示,加入IPTG的菌液样品与未加IPTG诱导的菌液样品在41 kD附近区域内存在明显的蛋白条带差异。将培养的200 mL菌液离心后收集沉淀,加入1×GST Bind Buffer溶解菌体,用超声波破碎仪破碎细菌细胞,离心后收集上清蛋白,与Glutathione Agarose Beads 4FF树脂结合后加入1×GST Wash Buffer洗脱非特异性结合的蛋白,用GST-Protein Elution Buffer洗脱GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白,用1.5 mL收集管收集。取超声破碎的上清液、过层析柱后的穿流液和洗脱液(2管,标记为E1和E2)各10 μL进行SDS-PAGE检测,结果(图4)显示,GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白可与Glutathione Agarose Beads 4FF树脂结合,并能被洗脱,表明外源表达并纯化的OsLTPL108蛋白可用于后续的蛋白抗体制备。
为进一步了解亲和层析纯化获得的GST-OsLT-PL108融合蛋白特异性和纯度,采用蛋白免疫印迹杂交试验进行验证,结果(图5)显示,超声破碎后的上清液在41 kD附近区间出现较弱的特异性条带,与SDS-PAGE结果一致,该条带为未纯化的GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白,而纯化后的洗脱液在41 kD左右出现特异性条带,与GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白的理论分子量(39.64 kD)相符,呈现出清晰且单一的特异性条带,未出现杂带干扰现象;超声破碎后的上清液中25 kD附近出现微弱的特异性条带,与GST蛋白大小相符,31 kD附近出现的特异性条带为GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白降解后形成的片段。上述结果表明通过谷胱甘肽亲和层析纯化得到的蛋白即为目标GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白,且蛋白纯度较高,能排除杂蛋白污染的可能性,同时进一步印证了SDS-PAGE检测结果的可靠性,为后续OsLTPL108蛋白多克隆抗体制备及蛋白互作研究提供了合格的蛋白样品。
为进一步验证纯化获得的外源表达蛋白是否正确,将纯化的GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白进行SDS-PAGE检测,切取41 kD区域凝胶最明显的一条蛋白条带,用胶内胰酶消化方法处理后获得的多肽样品用于蛋白质谱定性分析。GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白上的胰蛋白酶酶切位点共计36个,其中包括26个赖氨酸(K)位点、10个精氨酸(R)位点。通过蛋白质谱仪上获取的氨基酸序列与籼稻蛋白质数据库进行比对分析,结果(图6)显示,质谱鉴定到35条特异性匹配GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白的肽段,其中覆盖OsLTPL108蛋白的目的肽段(即212个氨基酸残基),占融合蛋白氨基酸总数(365个)的58.08%。在籼稻蛋白质数据库中搜索肽段对应的水稻蛋白编号,结果显示,3条肽段(CPLALINLK、VNALVNVN-NVKVNIPDILK、VNALVNVNNVK)与数据库的OsLTPL108蛋白匹配。质谱鉴定到的肽段属于GST-OsLTPL108融合蛋白,证明外源表达纯化的目标蛋白完全正确。
以cDNA为模板、KC9-cGFP-F和KC9-cGFP-R为上、下游引物,对OsLTPL108基因进行PCR扩增,PCR扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测发现,呈现单一特异性条带,其相对分子量约为500 bp(图7-A)。将PCR产物连接至pRHVcGFP载体,并转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,挑取单菌落,提取其质粒进行菌液PCR鉴定,结果显示,扩增条带大小约为500 bp(图7-B),与预期相符。经进一步测序鉴定证明OsLTPL108基因序列已连接至载体pRHVcGFP载体上,成功构建pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP亚细胞定位载体。
取培养7 d的黄化水稻苗提取原生质体,利用PEG4000介导的方法将pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP载体转化水稻原生质体,黑暗培养12~16 h后制片,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,结果发现,含空载体pRHVcGFP的水稻原生质体中绿色荧光信号呈弥散分布;而含pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP的水稻原生质体中绿色荧光信号呈网状分布,且与含pCAMBIA1300-OsHLP1-mCherry的水稻原生质体中红色荧光信号完全重叠(图8),表明OsLTPL108蛋白定位于水稻细胞的内质网,由于内质网是植物脂质合成主要场所,推测为OsLTPL108蛋白发挥脂质转运的功能。
脂质转移蛋白广泛分布于植物、动物和微生物中,是植物生命活动中一类重要的活性蛋白,能参与植物信号转导、花粉发育及种子发育成熟等多种生物学进程,而影响水稻种子发育及稻米品质的LTPs报道很少(赵敏章等,2025)。本课题组前期通过TMT定量蛋白组学方法发现,OsLTPL108蛋白在广西长粒水稻保持系中高表达(Qing et al.,2023),推测其参与粒型调控。本研究将OsLTPL108蛋白在原核表达系统中进行表达,并纯化目的蛋白,用于蛋白免疫印迹杂交试验。大肠杆菌因操作简便、繁殖周期短,是外源蛋白表达的常用宿主,但水稻疏水蛋白的可溶性表达常受跨膜结构域、蛋白折叠效率限制(朱红裕和李强,2006刘新琼等,2015冉乐等,2024)。为突破这一瓶颈,本研究通过TMHMM-2.0预测OsLTPL108蛋白的跨膜结构域,选取第31~158位氨基酸对应的编码基因序列(384 bp)进行原核表达载体构建,经转化诱导后发现OsLTPL108蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL菌株中诱导表达效果较好,最优诱导条件为18 ℃、0.1 mmol/L IPTG低温诱导过夜。这一表达策略与卿冬进等(2023)研究水稻冷胁迫响应蛋白OsCML16的思路基本一致,即低温减缓翻译速率,降低蛋白错误折叠概率(张建军等,2021De Coninck et al.,2025),且大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL菌株的稀有密码子补充系统可提升可溶性蛋白的表达效率。然而,本研究在蛋白纯化过程中发现,过层析柱穿流液中仍残留大量的融合蛋白,推测与层析柱的结合容量不足有关,后续可通过增加层析柱中树脂用量及优化上样流速进行改善。此外,本研究蛋白免疫印迹杂交试验发现,除41 kD的目标条带外,31 kD左右出现小分子条带,该降解产物可被GST抗体识别,暗示切割位点位于OsLTPL108蛋白片段内部而非GST标签,这一机制与Li等(2005)在番茄LEACS2蛋白研究中观察到的蛋白酶切割导致功能域分离现象类似,该研究发现番茄金属蛋白酶可切割LEACS2的羧基端产生截短片段。因此,推测该条带与OsLTPL108蛋白第102~110位的脯氨酸—丙氨酸重复序列易被蛋白酶降解有关。
本研究质谱鉴定结果显示,虽然GST标签蛋白序列覆盖较完整,但仅检测到3条OsLTPL108特异性肽段,结合胰蛋白酶酶切位点分析发现,OsLTPL108蛋白存在2段长达34个氨基酸的连续无酶切位点序列。已有研究表明,肽段长度超过30个氨基酸时,其在质谱中的离子化效率与碎裂效率会显著下降(Li et al.,2009),可能导致该区域无法被有效检测。类似现象在玉米LTP蛋白质谱鉴定中也有报道(Fang et al.,2023),后续可尝试Lys-C单酶切或胰蛋白酶与Lys-C组合酶切,以覆盖更多蛋白区域、提升鉴定完整性。
本研究亚细胞定位结果显示,OsLTPL108-GFP融合蛋白的荧光信号与内质网标记蛋白OsHLP1-mCherry明显重叠,表明OsLTPL108蛋白主要定位于水稻细胞的内质网。这一定位特征与水稻其他粒型调控蛋白的亚细胞定位结果相互印证,如Li 等(2023a)研究发现,内质网相关降解途径的E2泛素结合酶SMG3与E3泛素连接酶DGS1共定位于内质网,通过调控油菜素内酯(BR)受体BRI1的稳定性参与粒型调控;Zhou等(2023)则研究发现,MATE家族转运蛋白SMG4主要定位于内质网,并通过COPⅡ囊泡转运通路调控颖壳细胞扩张,进而影响籽粒大小,据上述研究推测内质网是水稻粒型调控蛋白的重要功能场所之一。从功能关联来看,内质网是植物脂质合成与转运的关键细胞器,而定位于内质网的LTPs可能通过调控细胞壁合成所需脂质的供应,影响植物细胞的分裂和伸长,而水稻粒型的形成直接依赖于颖壳细胞的分裂和伸长(Zhou et al.,2023Guo et al.,2025)。OsLTPL108含有LTP家族典型的脂质结合结构域及1个疏水性的N端信号肽,该信号肽的主要功能是引导新生肽链进入内质网腔,并促进成熟蛋白向胞外分泌。因此推测内质网主要负责该蛋白的合成和初步加工,而其最终行使功能的场所可能在细胞外、细胞膜或其他特定区位。在此基础上推测,OsLTPL108蛋白通过在特定功能位点介导脂质转运,从而间接调控水稻颖壳细胞的发育和形态建成,并最终影响籽粒的粒型。后续将pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP融合蛋白载体遗传转化水稻材料,在转基因材料中观察荧光位置,从而在水稻植株体内分析OsLTPL18蛋白的表达部位。
OsLTPL108属于分泌型蛋白,通过添加助溶标签GST可利用原核表达系统获得高纯度的可溶性融合蛋白,可用于后续的蛋白抗体制备。OsLTPL108蛋白定位于水稻细胞的内质网,由于内质网是植物脂质合成主要场所,推测OsLTPL108蛋白发挥脂质转运的功能。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.010
  • 接收时间:2025-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25
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    1广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004
    2广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007

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戴高兴(1975-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1886-3088,博士,研究员,主要从事杂交水稻遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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