Article(id=1302212403605827687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768752000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401230956, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401230956, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401230956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401230956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1625, endPage=1637, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212403857485929, articleId=1302212403605827687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Analysis of phylogeny and genetic diversity of Paphiopedilum species from China, columnId=1302212403786182760, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Outstanding Young Scholars Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between native Paphiopedilum germplasms in China,clarify genetic distances and coefficients of genetic similarity,providing theoretical basis for formula-ting strategies of sustainable conservation of Paphiopedilum resources.

Method

Using 31 Paphiopedilum germplasms from China and two exotic Paphiopedilum germplasms conserved ex situ as the core experimental materials,and one Phragmipedium germplasm as the outgroup,iPBS and ISSR primers were selected to amplify the genomic DNA of the 34 germplasms. A binary raw data matrix was generated by manually scoring the amplification electrophoretograms,and multidimensional scaling analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc 2.1,with genetic diversity indexes calculated using PopGen 1.32.

Result

The combined iPBS and ISSR molecular marker-assisted phylogenetic analysis results revealed that when the coefficient of genetic similarity was 0.37,33 Paphiopedilum germplasms were divided into five groups (I-V). The Group I,Group II,Group III,and Group IV were corresponded to subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Brachypetalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata in classical taxonomy,and Group V was a collection of subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Cochlopetalum. The genetic diversity at species level of Paphiopedilum germplasms [iPBS molecular marker:effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.5969,expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.3492,Shannon diversity information index (I) was 0.5210;ISSR molecular marker:Ne was 1.5515,He was 0.3340,and I was 0.5068] was obviously higher than that at group level (iPBS molecular marker:Ne was 1.4274,He was0.2730,and I was 0.4292;ISSR molecular marker:Ne was 1.3733,He was 0.2492,and I was 0.4027). This revealed that Paphiopedilum plants showed marked genetic differentiation at species level,forming multiple distinct genetic groups,as subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,andsubg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata exhibiting the top three genetic diversity among groups. Genetic differentiation was found between groups of Paphiopedilum,but the overall genetic similarity remained high. Analysis results based on iPBS molecular markers showed that subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata shared the closest relationship,while subg. Brachypetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata shared the farthest relationship;analysis results based on ISSR molecular markers showed that the collection of Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Cochlopetalum had the closest relationship with subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata,while subg. Parvisepalum and subg. Brachypetalum shared the farthest relationship.

Conclusion

Paphiopedilum germplasms in China are primarily distributed across five groups:subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Brachypetalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata,and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum,among which the three groups (subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,andsubg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata) show high genetic diversity level. Obvious genetic differentiation is found between Paphiopedilum groups,implying that the groups have undergone long-term genetic isolation or possess distinct regional adaptations.

, authors=Xiu-ling LI1, 2, Xin-yu YANG2, 3, Ji-zheng FAN2, Chang-yan HUANG2, Xue-qiang CUI2, Jing-zhou HE2, Zi-bin ZHANG2, Hong-ying LIAO4, 5, Dong-hui PENG1, Zhong-jian LIU1, authorsList=Xiu-ling LI, Xin-yu YANG, Ji-zheng FAN, Chang-yan HUANG, Xue-qiang CUI, Jing-zhou HE, Zi-bin ZHANG, Hong-ying LIAO, Dong-hui PENG, Zhong-jian LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dong-hui PENG, Zhong-jian LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212407263260793, articleId=1302212403605827687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=国产兜兰属植物系统发育和遗传多样性分析, columnId=1302212405514236010, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=优秀青年学者论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

解析国产兜兰属种质间的系统进化关系,明确各组群间的遗传距离与遗传相似系数,为科学制定保护策略以实现兜兰属资源可持续保育提供理论依据。

方法

以迁地保存的31份国产兜兰属种质和2份国外兜兰属种质为核心试验材料,以1份美洲兜兰属种质为外群,选用筛选出的iPBS和ISSR引物分别扩增34份种质基因组DNA,通过人工判读扩增电泳图谱生成二元原始数据矩阵后,采用NTSYS-pc 2.1进行多维标度分析,并利用PopGen 1.32计算遗传多样性指数。

结果

综合iPBS和ISSR分子标记的亲缘关系分析结果显示,在遗传相似系数0.37处可将33份兜兰属种质划分为5个组群(I~V),其中,第I组群、第II组群、第III组群、第IV组群分别对应经典分类学中的小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组及兜兰亚属单花斑叶组,第V组群则是兜兰亚属多花长瓣组与多花短瓣组的集合。兜兰属种质的物种水平遗传多样性[iPBS分子标记:有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.5969,期望杂合度(He)为0.3492,Shannon多样性信息指数(I)为0.5210;ISSR分子标记:Ne为1.5515,He为0.3340,I为0.5068]明显高于组群水平遗传多样性(iPBS分子标记:Ne为1.4274,He为0.2730,I为0.4292;ISSR分子标记:Ne为1.3733,He为0.2492,I为0.4027),说明兜兰属植物在物种水平上表现出明显的遗传分化特征,已形成多个不同的遗传组群;小萼亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的组群遗传多样性水平位居前3。兜兰属不同组群间存在一定的遗传分化,但整体上保持较高的遗传相似性。基于iPBS分子标记的分析结果显示,兜兰亚属兜兰组与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系最近,宽瓣亚属与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系最远;基于ISSR分子标记的分析结果显示,兜兰亚属多花长瓣组和多花短瓣组集合与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系较近,小萼亚属与宽瓣亚属的亲缘关系最远。

结论

我国分布的兜兰属种质主要集中在小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组及兜兰亚属多花长瓣组5个组群,其中小萼亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组3个组群的遗传多样性水平较高;兜兰属组群间存在明显的遗传分化,暗示着各组群可能经历了较长时间的遗传隔离或存在明显的地域适应性。

, authors=李秀玲1, 2, 杨新宇2, 3, 范继征2, 黄昌艳2, 崔学强2, 何荆洲2, 张自斌2, 廖宏英4, 5, 彭东辉1, *, *, 刘仲健1, *, *, authorsList=李秀玲, 杨新宇, 范继征, 黄昌艳, 崔学强, 何荆洲, 张自斌, 廖宏英, 彭东辉, 刘仲健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=彭东辉, 刘仲健, authorNote=

李秀玲(1987-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-3933,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:

李秀玲(1987-),博士研究生,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作;主持广西重点研发计划项目、中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目、广西自然科学基金项目等科研项目13项,作为主要成员参与国家重点研发计划项目、国家星火计划项目、广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项等国家级或省部级科研项目15项。获广西科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、三等奖2项,中国产学研合作创新成果奖二等奖2项;以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利3件;主持制定广西地方标准5项;主持选育兜兰新品种19个,其中4个获国家植物新品种权认证;以第一作者或通信作者在《BMC Plant Biology》《园艺学报》《植物遗传资源学报》《南方农业学报》等期刊上发表学术论文25篇;参编著作4部。

, correspAuthorsNote=
彭东辉(1971-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-5235,博士,教授,主要从事园林植物与观赏园艺研究工作,E-mail:
刘仲健(1958-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4390-3878,博士,教授,主要从事兰科植物系统生物学及基因组学研究工作,E-mail:
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李秀玲(1987-),博士研究生,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作;主持广西重点研发计划项目、中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目、广西自然科学基金项目等科研项目13项,作为主要成员参与国家重点研发计划项目、国家星火计划项目、广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项等国家级或省部级科研项目15项。获广西科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、三等奖2项,中国产学研合作创新成果奖二等奖2项;以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利3件;主持制定广西地方标准5项;主持选育兜兰新品种19个,其中4个获国家植物新品种权认证;以第一作者或通信作者在《BMC Plant Biology》《园艺学报》《植物遗传资源学报》《南方农业学报》等期刊上发表学术论文25篇;参编著作4部。

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李秀玲(1987-),博士研究生,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作;主持广西重点研发计划项目、中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目、广西自然科学基金项目等科研项目13项,作为主要成员参与国家重点研发计划项目、国家星火计划项目、广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项等国家级或省部级科研项目15项。获广西科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、三等奖2项,中国产学研合作创新成果奖二等奖2项;以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利3件;主持制定广西地方标准5项;主持选育兜兰新品种19个,其中4个获国家植物新品种权认证;以第一作者或通信作者在《BMC Plant Biology》《园艺学报》《植物遗传资源学报》《南方农业学报》等期刊上发表学术论文25篇;参编著作4部。

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种名前的序号为该种编号

, figureFileSmall=ENAd/Evc9Bijwuokr8qFcA==, figureFileBig=qSTXlPwKSoCNVUfNpaI2wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212415672840394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Amplification electrophoresis results of primer iPBS-2246 for genomic DNA from 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms, figureFileSmall=5S9z8DanfCdTB4exWsWzbQ==, figureFileBig=/uJw6SwHBhEvKzLirrZO1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212415739949259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=图2, caption=引物iPBS-2246对34份兜兰属种质基因组DNA的扩增电泳结果

M:DL5000 DNA Marker;1~34:供试兜兰属种质编号(与图1对应)。图2同

, figureFileSmall=5S9z8DanfCdTB4exWsWzbQ==, figureFileBig=/uJw6SwHBhEvKzLirrZO1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212415807058124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Amplification electrophoresis results of primer ISSR-895 for genomic DNA from 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms, figureFileSmall=ERkeNGl9QyFByKBuFEbn+Q==, figureFileBig=7aO/yEVOz6nkAkI8pW/5Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212415878361293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=图3, caption=引物ISSR-895对34份兜兰属种质基因组DNA的扩增电泳结果, figureFileSmall=ERkeNGl9QyFByKBuFEbn+Q==, figureFileBig=7aO/yEVOz6nkAkI8pW/5Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416008384718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Cluster analysis results of 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms based on iPBS molecular markers, figureFileSmall=65NBprIAD7I0r1iteYIIoA==, figureFileBig=4E5N7nQMnmdGjo8qqP30FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416079687887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于iPBS分子标记的34份兜兰属种质聚类分析结果, figureFileSmall=65NBprIAD7I0r1iteYIIoA==, figureFileBig=4E5N7nQMnmdGjo8qqP30FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416150991056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Cluster analysis results of 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms based on ISSR molecular markers, figureFileSmall=GWZqagOmpSi9zWFHpwzkJQ==, figureFileBig=gda0AD68Jv3aow2vHXIbPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416234877137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于ISSR分子标记的34份兜兰属种质聚类分析结果, figureFileSmall=GWZqagOmpSi9zWFHpwzkJQ==, figureFileBig=gda0AD68Jv3aow2vHXIbPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416297791698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Comprehensive cluster analysis results of 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms based on iPBS and ISSR molecular markers, figureFileSmall=lX6kXs8t1rX7qRgay+/vsA==, figureFileBig=QaUR8F+GffAc0AQlZoCM2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416440398035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的34份兜兰属种质综合聚类分析结果, figureFileSmall=lX6kXs8t1rX7qRgay+/vsA==, figureFileBig=QaUR8F+GffAc0AQlZoCM2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212416503312596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information of tested primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物 Primer引物序列 Primer sequence退火温度(℃) Annealing temperatureGC含量(%) GC content
iPBS-20785'-GCGGAGTCGCCA-3'51.875.0
iPBS-22175'-ACTTGGATGTCGATACCA-3'49.544.4
iPBS-22295'-CGACCTGTTCTGATACCA-3'50.850.0
iPBS-22415'-ACCTAGCTCATCATGCCA-3'53.050.0
iPBS-22445'-GGAAGGCTCTGATTACCA-3'50.950.0
iPBS-22465'-ACTAGGCTCTGTATACCA-3'48.044.4
iPBS-22495'-AACCGACCTCTGATACCA-3'52.250.0
iPBS-22705'-ACCTGGCGTGCCA-3'54.569.2
iPBS-23875'-GCGCAATACCCA-3'42.958.3
iPBS-23885'-TTGGAAGACCCA-3'38.150.0
ISSR-8245'-TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCG-3'48.452.9
ISSR-8265'-ACACACACACACACACC-3'52.652.9
ISSR-8275'-ACACACACACACACACG-3'52.952.9
ISSR-8355'-AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGYC-3'50.252.8
ISSR-8405'-GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAYT-3'47.047.2
ISSR-8445'-CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTRC-3'48.652.8
ISSR-8555'-ACACACACACACACACYT-3'52.747.2
ISSR-8565'-ACACACACACACACACYA-3'52.347.2
ISSR-8735'-GACAGACAGACAGACA-3'46.950.0
ISSR-8955'-AGAGTTGGTAGCTCTTGATC-3'50.945.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212416587198677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试引物序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物 Primer引物序列 Primer sequence退火温度(℃) Annealing temperatureGC含量(%) GC content
iPBS-20785'-GCGGAGTCGCCA-3'51.875.0
iPBS-22175'-ACTTGGATGTCGATACCA-3'49.544.4
iPBS-22295'-CGACCTGTTCTGATACCA-3'50.850.0
iPBS-22415'-ACCTAGCTCATCATGCCA-3'53.050.0
iPBS-22445'-GGAAGGCTCTGATTACCA-3'50.950.0
iPBS-22465'-ACTAGGCTCTGTATACCA-3'48.044.4
iPBS-22495'-AACCGACCTCTGATACCA-3'52.250.0
iPBS-22705'-ACCTGGCGTGCCA-3'54.569.2
iPBS-23875'-GCGCAATACCCA-3'42.958.3
iPBS-23885'-TTGGAAGACCCA-3'38.150.0
ISSR-8245'-TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCG-3'48.452.9
ISSR-8265'-ACACACACACACACACC-3'52.652.9
ISSR-8275'-ACACACACACACACACG-3'52.952.9
ISSR-8355'-AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGYC-3'50.252.8
ISSR-8405'-GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAYT-3'47.047.2
ISSR-8445'-CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTRC-3'48.652.8
ISSR-8555'-ACACACACACACACACYT-3'52.747.2
ISSR-8565'-ACACACACACACACACYA-3'52.347.2
ISSR-8735'-GACAGACAGACAGACA-3'46.950.0
ISSR-8955'-AGAGTTGGTAGCTCTTGATC-3'50.945.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212416683667670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amplification results of iPBS primers for genomic DNA from 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物 PrimerNTLNPLPPB(%)NaNeHeI
iPBS-22413232100.002.00001.4652±0.25300.2976±0.12070.4643±0.1496
iPBS-23873333100.002.00001.4473±0.28970.2832±0.13540.4443±0.1670
iPBS-22703333100.002.00001.3835±0.19240.2644±0.09580.4278±0.1197
iPBS-22492929100.002.00001.3828±0.24040.2562±0.12400.4120±0.1588
iPBS-2246252496.001.96001.4236±0.32220.2647±0.15400.4157±0.1979
iPBS-22293232100.002.00001.4642±0.24370.2978±0.12210.4627±0.1592
iPBS-20783333100.002.00001.4190±0.24670.2750±0.12250.4357±0.1564
iPBS-23881919100.002.00001.2573±0.24550.1814±0.12830.3102±0.1720
iPBS-22443131100.002.00001.3416±0.22720.2358±0.11660.3876±0.1491
iPBS-22173232100.002.00001.2089±0.21430.1533±0.11600.2721±0.1579
), ArticleFig(id=1302212416759165143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

iPBS引物对34份兜兰属种质基因组DNA的扩增结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物 PrimerNTLNPLPPB(%)NaNeHeI
iPBS-22413232100.002.00001.4652±0.25300.2976±0.12070.4643±0.1496
iPBS-23873333100.002.00001.4473±0.28970.2832±0.13540.4443±0.1670
iPBS-22703333100.002.00001.3835±0.19240.2644±0.09580.4278±0.1197
iPBS-22492929100.002.00001.3828±0.24040.2562±0.12400.4120±0.1588
iPBS-2246252496.001.96001.4236±0.32220.2647±0.15400.4157±0.1979
iPBS-22293232100.002.00001.4642±0.24370.2978±0.12210.4627±0.1592
iPBS-20783333100.002.00001.4190±0.24670.2750±0.12250.4357±0.1564
iPBS-23881919100.002.00001.2573±0.24550.1814±0.12830.3102±0.1720
iPBS-22443131100.002.00001.3416±0.22720.2358±0.11660.3876±0.1491
iPBS-22173232100.002.00001.2089±0.21430.1533±0.11600.2721±0.1579
), ArticleFig(id=1302212416855634136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amplification results of ISSR primers for genomic DNA from 34 Paphiopedilum germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物 PrimerNTLNPLPPB(%)NaNeHeI
ISSR-8953030100.002.00001.4702±0.28390.2966±0.12570.4633±0.1499
ISSR-8733737100.002.00001.3048±0.23320.2130±0.12010.3569±0.1536
ISSR-8563737100.002.00001.3528±0.25680.2382±0.12450.3898±0.1553
ISSR-8554141100.002.00001.5831±0.23870.3537±0.10130.5328±0.1199
ISSR-8444040100.002.00001.2616±0.19570.1914±0.10730.3291±0.1429
ISSR-8404848100.002.00001.2651±0.19800.1926±0.11250.3295±0.1504
ISSR-835323196.881.96881.3464±0.21320.2397±0.11610.3913±0.1540
ISSR-8273434100.002.00001.3080±0.22180.2159±0.12100.3594±0.1607
ISSR-8263535100.002.00001.3714±0.21290.2546±0.10880.4132±0.1374
ISSR-8243030100.002.00001.3462±0.16360.2469±0.08850.4065±0.1123
), ArticleFig(id=1302212416926937305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ISSR引物对34份兜兰属种质基因组DNA的扩增结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物 PrimerNTLNPLPPB(%)NaNeHeI
ISSR-8953030100.002.00001.4702±0.28390.2966±0.12570.4633±0.1499
ISSR-8733737100.002.00001.3048±0.23320.2130±0.12010.3569±0.1536
ISSR-8563737100.002.00001.3528±0.25680.2382±0.12450.3898±0.1553
ISSR-8554141100.002.00001.5831±0.23870.3537±0.10130.5328±0.1199
ISSR-8444040100.002.00001.2616±0.19570.1914±0.10730.3291±0.1429
ISSR-8404848100.002.00001.2651±0.19800.1926±0.11250.3295±0.1504
ISSR-835323196.881.96881.3464±0.21320.2397±0.11610.3913±0.1540
ISSR-8273434100.002.00001.3080±0.22180.2159±0.12100.3594±0.1607
ISSR-8263535100.002.00001.3714±0.21290.2546±0.10880.4132±0.1374
ISSR-8243030100.002.00001.3462±0.16360.2469±0.08850.4065±0.1123
), ArticleFig(id=1302212416994046170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genetic diversity index of Paphiopedilum groups based on iPBS and ISSR molecular markers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子标记
Molecular marker
组群
Group
物种数量
Species number
NPLPPB(%)NaNeHeI
iPBS第Ⅰ组群820167.221.67221.35840.21830.3334
第Ⅱ组群415752.511.52511.31040.18460.2781
第Ⅲ组群1220267.561.67561.31490.19460.3027
第Ⅳ组群617157.191.57191.31150.18950.2888
第Ⅴ组群313846.151.46151.26250.16160.2453
组群水平3329297.661.97661.42740.27300.4292
物种水平3329297.661.97661.59690.34920.5210
ISSR第Ⅰ组群825670.331.70331.36140.22170.3407
第Ⅱ组群414239.011.39011.24100.14070.2105
第Ⅲ组群1224567.311.67311.28820.18230.2877
第Ⅳ组群620355.771.55771.28970.17710.2720
第Ⅴ组群316645.601.45601.26730.16250.2455
组群水平3336199.181.99181.37330.24920.4027
物种水平3336199.181.99181.55150.33400.5068
), ArticleFig(id=1302212417090515163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的兜兰属各组群遗传多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子标记
Molecular marker
组群
Group
物种数量
Species number
NPLPPB(%)NaNeHeI
iPBS第Ⅰ组群820167.221.67221.35840.21830.3334
第Ⅱ组群415752.511.52511.31040.18460.2781
第Ⅲ组群1220267.561.67561.31490.19460.3027
第Ⅳ组群617157.191.57191.31150.18950.2888
第Ⅴ组群313846.151.46151.26250.16160.2453
组群水平3329297.661.97661.42740.27300.4292
物种水平3329297.661.97661.59690.34920.5210
ISSR第Ⅰ组群825670.331.70331.36140.22170.3407
第Ⅱ组群414239.011.39011.24100.14070.2105
第Ⅲ组群1224567.311.67311.28820.18230.2877
第Ⅳ组群620355.771.55771.28970.17710.2720
第Ⅴ组群316645.601.45601.26730.16250.2455
组群水平3336199.181.99181.37330.24920.4027
物种水平3336199.181.99181.55150.33400.5068
), ArticleFig(id=1302212417161818332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Genetic distance and Nei’s genetic identity of orchid groups based on iPBS and ISSR molecular markers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子标记
Molecular marker
组群
Group
第Ⅰ组群
Group I
第Ⅱ组群
Group Ⅱ
第Ⅲ组群
Group Ⅲ
第Ⅳ组群
Group Ⅳ
第Ⅴ组群
Group Ⅴ
iPBS第Ⅰ组群****0.85690.86390.87670.8576
第Ⅱ组群0.1544****0.85200.82810.8302
第Ⅲ组群0.14630.1601****0.90900.8881
第Ⅳ组群0.13160.18860.0955****0.9051
第Ⅴ组群0.15370.18610.11860.0998****
ISSR第Ⅰ组群****0.87250.90880.90750.9057
第Ⅱ组群0.1364****0.90500.89480.9062
第Ⅲ组群0.09560.0998****0.93410.9301
第Ⅳ组群0.09710.11120.0682****0.9371
第Ⅴ组群0.09900.09860.07250.0650****
), ArticleFig(id=1302212417275064541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212403605827687, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记分析的兜兰各组群遗传距离及Nei’s遗传一致度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子标记
Molecular marker
组群
Group
第Ⅰ组群
Group I
第Ⅱ组群
Group Ⅱ
第Ⅲ组群
Group Ⅲ
第Ⅳ组群
Group Ⅳ
第Ⅴ组群
Group Ⅴ
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国产兜兰属植物系统发育和遗传多样性分析
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李秀玲 1, 2 , 杨新宇 2, 3 , 范继征 2 , 黄昌艳 2 , 崔学强 2 , 何荆洲 2 , 张自斌 2 , 廖宏英 4, 5 , 彭东辉 1, *, * , 刘仲健 1, *, *
南方农业学报 | 优秀青年学者论坛 2026,57(6): 1625-1637
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南方农业学报 |优秀青年学者论坛 2026 , 57 (6) : 1625 -1637
国产兜兰属植物系统发育和遗传多样性分析
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2广西农业科学院 花卉研究所,广西 南宁 530007, bio={"img":"eNycZY/3sxt/Ec73ttoD8w==","content":"

李秀玲(1987-),博士研究生,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作;主持广西重点研发计划项目、中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目、广西自然科学基金项目等科研项目13项,作为主要成员参与国家重点研发计划项目、国家星火计划项目、广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项等国家级或省部级科研项目15项。获广西科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、三等奖2项,中国产学研合作创新成果奖二等奖2项;以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利3件;主持制定广西地方标准5项;主持选育兜兰新品种19个,其中4个获国家植物新品种权认证;以第一作者或通信作者在《BMC Plant Biology》《园艺学报》《植物遗传资源学报》《南方农业学报》等期刊上发表学术论文25篇;参编著作4部。

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李秀玲(1987-),博士研究生,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作;主持广西重点研发计划项目、中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目、广西自然科学基金项目等科研项目13项,作为主要成员参与国家重点研发计划项目、国家星火计划项目、广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项等国家级或省部级科研项目15项。获广西科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、三等奖2项,中国产学研合作创新成果奖二等奖2项;以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利3件;主持制定广西地方标准5项;主持选育兜兰新品种19个,其中4个获国家植物新品种权认证;以第一作者或通信作者在《BMC Plant Biology》《园艺学报》《植物遗传资源学报》《南方农业学报》等期刊上发表学术论文25篇;参编著作4部。

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李秀玲1, 2 , 杨新宇2, 3, 范继征2, 黄昌艳2, 崔学强2, 何荆洲2, 张自斌2, 廖宏英4, 5, 彭东辉1, *, * , 刘仲健1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院/兰科植物保护与利用国家林草局重点实验室,福建 福州 350002
  • 2广西农业科学院 花卉研究所,广西 南宁 530007
  • 3广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004
  • 4南宁市植物园,广西 南宁 530021
  • 5南宁青秀山风景名胜区旅游开发有限公司,广西 南宁 530021
通讯作者:
彭东辉(1971-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-5235,博士,教授,主要从事园林植物与观赏园艺研究工作,E-mail:
刘仲健(1958-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4390-3878,博士,教授,主要从事兰科植物系统生物学及基因组学研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

李秀玲(1987-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-3933,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:

李秀玲(1987-),博士研究生,正高级农艺师,主要从事兰花种质保护与遗传育种研究工作;主持广西重点研发计划项目、中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目、广西自然科学基金项目等科研项目13项,作为主要成员参与国家重点研发计划项目、国家星火计划项目、广西创新驱动发展专项、广西科技重大专项等国家级或省部级科研项目15项。获广西科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、三等奖2项,中国产学研合作创新成果奖二等奖2项;以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利3件;主持制定广西地方标准5项;主持选育兜兰新品种19个,其中4个获国家植物新品种权认证;以第一作者或通信作者在《BMC Plant Biology》《园艺学报》《植物遗传资源学报》《南方农业学报》等期刊上发表学术论文25篇;参编著作4部。

Analysis of phylogeny and genetic diversity of Paphiopedilum species from China
Xiu-ling LI1, 2 , Xin-yu YANG2, 3, Ji-zheng FAN2, Chang-yan HUANG2, Xue-qiang CUI2, Jing-zhou HE2, Zi-bin ZHANG2, Hong-ying LIAO4, 5, Dong-hui PENG1 , Zhong-jian LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China
  • 2Flowers Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China
  • 3College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China
  • 4Nanning Botanical Garden,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China
  • 5Nanning Qingxiushan Scenic and Historic Tourism Development Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.001
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目的

解析国产兜兰属种质间的系统进化关系,明确各组群间的遗传距离与遗传相似系数,为科学制定保护策略以实现兜兰属资源可持续保育提供理论依据。

方法

以迁地保存的31份国产兜兰属种质和2份国外兜兰属种质为核心试验材料,以1份美洲兜兰属种质为外群,选用筛选出的iPBS和ISSR引物分别扩增34份种质基因组DNA,通过人工判读扩增电泳图谱生成二元原始数据矩阵后,采用NTSYS-pc 2.1进行多维标度分析,并利用PopGen 1.32计算遗传多样性指数。

结果

综合iPBS和ISSR分子标记的亲缘关系分析结果显示,在遗传相似系数0.37处可将33份兜兰属种质划分为5个组群(I~V),其中,第I组群、第II组群、第III组群、第IV组群分别对应经典分类学中的小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组及兜兰亚属单花斑叶组,第V组群则是兜兰亚属多花长瓣组与多花短瓣组的集合。兜兰属种质的物种水平遗传多样性[iPBS分子标记:有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.5969,期望杂合度(He)为0.3492,Shannon多样性信息指数(I)为0.5210;ISSR分子标记:Ne为1.5515,He为0.3340,I为0.5068]明显高于组群水平遗传多样性(iPBS分子标记:Ne为1.4274,He为0.2730,I为0.4292;ISSR分子标记:Ne为1.3733,He为0.2492,I为0.4027),说明兜兰属植物在物种水平上表现出明显的遗传分化特征,已形成多个不同的遗传组群;小萼亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的组群遗传多样性水平位居前3。兜兰属不同组群间存在一定的遗传分化,但整体上保持较高的遗传相似性。基于iPBS分子标记的分析结果显示,兜兰亚属兜兰组与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系最近,宽瓣亚属与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系最远;基于ISSR分子标记的分析结果显示,兜兰亚属多花长瓣组和多花短瓣组集合与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系较近,小萼亚属与宽瓣亚属的亲缘关系最远。

结论

我国分布的兜兰属种质主要集中在小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组及兜兰亚属多花长瓣组5个组群,其中小萼亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组3个组群的遗传多样性水平较高;兜兰属组群间存在明显的遗传分化,暗示着各组群可能经历了较长时间的遗传隔离或存在明显的地域适应性。

兜兰属  /  系统发育  /  遗传多样性  /  iPBS分子标记  /  ISSR分子标记
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between native Paphiopedilum germplasms in China,clarify genetic distances and coefficients of genetic similarity,providing theoretical basis for formula-ting strategies of sustainable conservation of Paphiopedilum resources.

Method

Using 31 Paphiopedilum germplasms from China and two exotic Paphiopedilum germplasms conserved ex situ as the core experimental materials,and one Phragmipedium germplasm as the outgroup,iPBS and ISSR primers were selected to amplify the genomic DNA of the 34 germplasms. A binary raw data matrix was generated by manually scoring the amplification electrophoretograms,and multidimensional scaling analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc 2.1,with genetic diversity indexes calculated using PopGen 1.32.

Result

The combined iPBS and ISSR molecular marker-assisted phylogenetic analysis results revealed that when the coefficient of genetic similarity was 0.37,33 Paphiopedilum germplasms were divided into five groups (I-V). The Group I,Group II,Group III,and Group IV were corresponded to subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Brachypetalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata in classical taxonomy,and Group V was a collection of subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Cochlopetalum. The genetic diversity at species level of Paphiopedilum germplasms [iPBS molecular marker:effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.5969,expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.3492,Shannon diversity information index (I) was 0.5210;ISSR molecular marker:Ne was 1.5515,He was 0.3340,and I was 0.5068] was obviously higher than that at group level (iPBS molecular marker:Ne was 1.4274,He was0.2730,and I was 0.4292;ISSR molecular marker:Ne was 1.3733,He was 0.2492,and I was 0.4027). This revealed that Paphiopedilum plants showed marked genetic differentiation at species level,forming multiple distinct genetic groups,as subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,andsubg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata exhibiting the top three genetic diversity among groups. Genetic differentiation was found between groups of Paphiopedilum,but the overall genetic similarity remained high. Analysis results based on iPBS molecular markers showed that subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata shared the closest relationship,while subg. Brachypetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata shared the farthest relationship;analysis results based on ISSR molecular markers showed that the collection of Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Cochlopetalum had the closest relationship with subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata,while subg. Parvisepalum and subg. Brachypetalum shared the farthest relationship.

Conclusion

Paphiopedilum germplasms in China are primarily distributed across five groups:subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Brachypetalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata,and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum,among which the three groups (subg. Parvisepalum,subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum,andsubg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata) show high genetic diversity level. Obvious genetic differentiation is found between Paphiopedilum groups,implying that the groups have undergone long-term genetic isolation or possess distinct regional adaptations.

Paphiopedilum  /  phylogeny  /  genetic diversity  /  iPBS molecular marker  /  ISSR molecular marker
李秀玲, 杨新宇, 范继征, 黄昌艳, 崔学强, 何荆洲, 张自斌, 廖宏英, 彭东辉, 刘仲健. 国产兜兰属植物系统发育和遗传多样性分析. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1625 -1637 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.001
Xiu-ling LI, Xin-yu YANG, Ji-zheng FAN, Chang-yan HUANG, Xue-qiang CUI, Jing-zhou HE, Zi-bin ZHANG, Hong-ying LIAO, Dong-hui PENG, Zhong-jian LIU. Analysis of phylogeny and genetic diversity of Paphiopedilum species from China[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1625 -1637 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.001
【研究意义】兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)植物隶属于兰科(Orchidaceae)杓兰亚科(Cypripedioideae),具有较高的观赏价值和保育价值,是全球濒危野生植物保护的旗舰类群。我国拥有丰富的野生兜兰属种质资源,已公开报道的有30余种,且近年来不断有新种被发现,主要分布在滇桂黔等地的喀斯特石灰岩山地(刘仲健等,2009Zhang et al.,2018)。20世纪—21世纪初,全球的野生兜兰属种质资源遭受过度采挖及非法贸易,不少种类已濒临灭绝。目前,兜兰属所有物种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录I的保护范围。我国也将所有兜兰属植物列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录》,除了带叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum)和硬叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum micranthum)属于国家二级重点保护植物外,其余物种均属于国家一级重点保护植物。据报道,兜兰属植物最早起源于我国西南部及越南北部(Cribb et al.,1998Guo et al.,2015Tsai et al.,2020),随后扩散至东南亚群岛。我国是兜兰属中较原始小萼亚属(Subg. Parvisepalum)的主要分布地,也孕育了丰富的宽(短)瓣亚属(Subg. Brachypetalum)和兜兰亚属(Subg. Paphiopedilum)资源,但关于兜兰属植物的系统发育及分类仍存在诸多争议,尤其针对国产兜兰属物种遗传多样性的研究相对较少。因此,亟需解析国产兜兰属植物的系统发育关系,厘清不同物种间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性,为开展兜兰属资源可持续保育工作提供理论依据。【前人研究进展】在系统发育方面,Cox等(1997)Cribb(1998)支持将兜兰属划分为宽瓣亚属、小萼亚属和兜兰亚属3个类群;在此基础上,刘仲健等(2009)主张将兜兰属划分为宽瓣亚属和兜兰亚属2个类群,而宽瓣亚属又可划分为小萼组(Sect. Parvisepalum)、绿叶组(Sect. Emersoniana)和同色组(Sect. Concoloria),兜兰亚属则划分为兜兰组(Sect. Paphiopedilum)、单花斑叶组(Sect. Barbata)、多花长瓣组(Sect. Pardalope-talum)、多花短瓣组(Sect. Cochlopetalum)及多花无耳组(Sect. Coryopedilum)。为了让从业者及兰花爱好者更好地了解兜兰属内不同物种间的异同性,我国台湾地区的学者则采用Braem(1988)的分类方式,依据外部形态将兜兰属划分为6个亚属,分别是小萼亚属、宽(短)瓣亚属、多花亚属(Subg. Polyantha)、巴菲尔亚属(Subg. Paphiopedilum)、巴巴塔亚属(Subg. Barbata)和旋瓣亚属(Subg. Cochlopetalum)。但目前多数研究支持Cox等(1997)将兜兰属划分为3个亚属的分类结果,且该分类框架在分子系统发育研究中得到进一步验证(Chochai et al.,2012Guo et al.,2015Tsai et al.,2020Górniak et al.,2025)。Zhang等(2016)范继征等(2023)通过表型性状特征对兜兰属植物的亲缘关系及遗传多样性进行分析,结果发现兜兰属植物的表型遗传多样性十分丰富。兜兰属的遗传多样性在物种间和居群间存在显著差异,但针对其遗传多样性的研究主要集中在种群水平上,有关物种水平多样性的研究相对较少。黄家林等(2014)基于ISSR和SRAP分子标记对15个硬叶兜兰居群进行分析,结果发现在种群水平上具有较高的遗传多样性;廖宏英等(2023)基于引物结合位点扩增(iPBS)和ISSR分子标记鉴定兜兰属同色组难鉴定种质,并对其亲缘关系和遗传多样性进行分析,结果证实iPBS分子标记适用于兜兰属近缘种鉴定及遗传多样性分析;田力等(2023)对贵州北盘江流域6种兜兰属植物的ISSR遗传多样性进行分析,结果表明,193份材料整体上表现出较高的遗传多样性水平,且居群间的基因多样性高于居群内,说明兜兰属植物在物种间存在明显的遗传分化;徐言等(2023)通过SSR分子标记对带叶兜兰6个居群种质进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示带叶兜兰遗传多样性较丰富,但6个居群间的遗传距离较小。【本研究切入点】兜兰属植物的保护与利用研究已受到国际社会的广泛关注,但兜兰属植物的系统发育仍存在争议,且关于国产兜兰物种水平的遗传多样性及组群间的遗传距离研究鲜见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】采用iPBS和ISSR分子标记对31份国产兜兰属种质及2份国外兜兰属种质进行系统发育和遗传多样性分析,旨在解析国产兜兰属种质间的系统进化关系,明确各组群间的遗传距离与遗传相似系数,为科学制定保护策略以实现兜兰属资源可持续保育提供理论依据。
以迁地保存的31份国产兜兰属种质及2份国外兜兰属种质为核心试验材料,以1份美洲兜兰属种质为外群。34份兜兰种质的花朵表型见图1。所有兜兰属种质均取自广西农业科学院花卉研究所兰科植物种质资源圃。选取健康植株的嫩叶置于保鲜袋中,低温(4 ℃)迅速送回实验室并立即提取DNA。EasyPure Genomic DNA Kit试剂盒购自北京全式金生物技术有限公司;液氮和通用引物购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。主要设备仪器有NanoDrop One核酸蛋白测定仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)、5424R型离心机(德国Eppendorf公司)、T100型PCR仪(美国Bio-Rad公司)、DYY-6C型电泳仪(北京六一生物科技有限公司)、电泳槽(北京六一生物科技有限公司)及凝胶成像分析系统GenoSens 2100(上海勤翔科学仪器有限公司)。
采用EasyPure Genomic DNA Kit试剂盒提取兜兰基因组DNA,用1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA完整性,并以NanoDrop One核酸蛋白测定仪检测其浓度和纯度。提取的DNA以超纯水稀释浓度至10 ng/μL,-20 ℃保存备用。
从合成的iPBS和ISSR引物中各筛选出多态性高、扩增条带清晰的10条引物(表1)进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系20.0 μL:2×Ex Taq Mix 10.0 μL,DNA模板1.0 μL,引物1.0 μL,ddH2O 8.0 μL。扩增程序:94 ℃预变性4 min;94 ℃ 1 min,退火45 s,72 ℃ 1 min,进行35 个循环;72 ℃延伸7 min。PCR扩增产物经1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测合格后,4 ℃保存备用。
依据电泳图谱中的标准分子量对扩增条带进行分子量编码,同一引物扩增且分子量相同的条带视为同一位点。通过人工判读扩增电泳图谱,将条带存在赋值为1,条带缺失赋值为0,系统记录后生成二元原始数据矩阵。基于上述矩阵,采用NTSYS-pc 2.1(美国ANSYS公司)进行多维标度分析,通过非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)生成表征样本间遗传相似性的树状拓扑结构;再利用PopGen 1.32(美国Adobe公司)计算遗传多样性指数,包括观察等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、期望杂合度(He)及Shannon多样性信息指数(I)(廖宏英等,2023田慧鑫等,2025)。根据上述遗传多样性指数,进一步计算遗传分化系数(Gst)、基因流(Nm)、遗传距离(D)及Nei’s遗传一致度等。
以筛选出的10条iPBS引物对34份兜兰属种质基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增结果见表2。10条iPBS引物共扩增出299个位点,其中多态性位点数(NPL)为298个,多态性位点百分率(PPB)为99.67%。每条引物iPBS检测到NPL在19~33个,平均为29.9个,其中引物iPBS-2270、引物iPBS-2387和引物iPBS-2078扩增得到的NPL最多(均为33个),而引物iPBS-2388扩增得到的NPL最少(19个);除了引物iPBS-2246的PPB为96.00%外,其余9条iPBS引物的PPB均为100.00%。引物2246的扩增电泳结果如图2所示。
以筛选出的10条ISSR引物对34份兜兰属种质基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增结果见表3。10条ISSR引物共扩增出364个位点,其中363个位点具有多态性(PPB为99.73%),各ISSR引物的PPB为96.88%~100.00%。引物ISSR-840扩增得到的NPL最多(48个),PPB为100.00%;引物ISSR-895和引物ISSR-824扩增得到的NPL最少(均为30个),但其PPB均为100.00%;除了引物ISSR-835的PPB为96.88%外,其余9条ISSR引物的PPB均为100.00%。引物ISSR-895的扩增电泳结果如图3所示。
基于iPBS引物扩增结果构建的34份兜兰属种质亲缘关系分析结果见图4。34份兜兰属种质的遗传相似系数为0.25~0.84,其中,巨瓣兜兰与文山兜兰的遗传相似系数最高(0.84),表明二者的亲缘关系最近;千禧兜兰与美洲兜兰的遗传相似系数最低(0.25),即二者的亲缘关系最远。在遗传相似系数0.25处可将美洲兜兰与其他兜兰属种质区分开,与传统分类学的结果一致。在遗传相似系数0.41处可将剩余的33份兜兰属种质划分为6个组群,其中,2份国外兜兰属种质(李氏兜兰和千禧兜兰)聚类在同一组群(Ⅵ),31份国产兜兰属种质则分布在5个组群内(Ⅰ~Ⅴ)。第Ⅰ组群包含麻栗坡兜兰、浅斑兜兰、硬叶兜兰、美花兜兰、杏黄兜兰、白花兜兰、香花兜兰及德氏兜兰,共8份种质;第Ⅱ组群包含巨瓣兜兰、同色兜兰及文山兜兰,共3份种质;第Ⅲ组群包含带叶兜兰、红旗兜兰、小叶兜兰、越南小男孩兜兰、海伦兜兰、天伦兜兰、亨利兜兰、格力兜兰、紫毛兜兰、安南兜兰、包氏兜兰、白旗兜兰、青蛙紫毛兜兰及虎斑兜兰,共14份种质;第Ⅳ组群仅包含长瓣兜兰1份种质;第Ⅴ组群包含卷萼兜兰、胼胝兜兰、秀丽兜兰、彩云兜兰及紫纹兜兰,共5份种质。第Ⅰ组群、第Ⅱ组群、第Ⅲ组群、第Ⅳ组群、第Ⅴ组群、第Ⅵ组群分别对应经典分类学中的小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属多花长瓣组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组及兜兰亚属多花短瓣组。
基于ISSR引物扩增结果构建的34份兜兰属种质亲缘关系分析结果见图5。34份兜兰属种质的遗传相似系数为0.29~0.83,巨瓣兜兰与文山兜兰的遗传相似系数最高(0.83),表明二者的亲缘关系最近;德氏兜兰与美洲兜兰的遗传相似系数最低(0.29),即二者的亲缘关系最远。在遗传相似系数0.29处可将美洲兜兰与其他兜兰属种质区分开;在遗传相似系数0.37处,剩余的33份兜兰属种质被划分为5个组群,其中,31份国产兜兰属种质分布在5个组群内(Ⅰ~Ⅳ),长瓣兜兰与2份国外兜兰属种质(李氏兜兰和千禧兜兰)聚类在同一组群(Ⅴ)。第Ⅰ组群包含8份种质,分别是麻栗坡兜兰、浅斑兜兰、硬叶兜兰、美花兜兰、杏黄兜兰、白花兜兰、香花兜兰及德氏兜兰;第Ⅱ组群包含巨瓣兜兰、同色兜兰、文山兜兰及带叶兜兰,共4份种质;第Ⅲ组群包含红旗兜兰、小叶兜兰、越南小男孩兜兰、海伦兜兰、天伦兜兰、亨利兜兰、格力兜兰、紫毛兜兰、安南兜兰、包氏兜兰、白旗兜兰及青蛙紫毛兜兰,共12份种质;第Ⅳ组群包含虎斑兜兰、卷萼兜兰、胼胝兜兰、秀丽兜兰、彩云兜兰及紫纹兜兰,共6份种质。第Ⅰ组群、第Ⅱ组群、第Ⅲ组群、第Ⅳ组群分别对应经典分类学中的小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组及兜兰亚属单花斑叶组,第Ⅴ组群则是兜兰亚属多花长瓣组与多花短瓣组的集合。
综合iPBS引物和ISSR引物扩增结果构建的34份兜兰属种质亲缘关系分析结果见图6。34份兜兰属种质的遗传相似系数为0.27~0.84,巨瓣兜兰与文山兜兰的遗传相似系数最高(0.84),表明二者的亲缘关系最近;白花兜兰与美洲兜兰的遗传相似系数最低(0.27),即二者的亲缘关系最远。在遗传相似系数0.27处,34份兜兰属种质被划分为兜兰属和美洲兜兰属两大类;在遗传相似系数0.37处,剩余的33份兜兰属种质被划分为5个组群。第I组群包含麻栗坡兜兰、浅斑兜兰、硬叶兜兰、美花兜兰、杏黄兜兰、白花兜兰、香花兜兰及德氏兜兰,共8份种质;第Ⅱ组群包含巨瓣兜兰、同色兜兰、文山兜兰及带叶兜兰,共4份种质;第Ⅲ组群包含红旗兜兰、小叶兜兰、越南小男孩兜兰、海伦兜兰、天伦兜兰、亨利兜兰、格力兜兰、紫毛兜兰、安南兜兰、包氏兜兰、白旗兜兰及青蛙紫毛兜兰,共12份种质;第Ⅳ组群包含虎斑兜兰、卷萼兜兰、胼胝兜兰、秀丽兜兰、彩云兜兰及紫纹兜兰,共6份种质;第Ⅴ组群包含长瓣兜兰与2份国外兜兰属种质(李氏兜兰和千禧兜兰)。第Ⅰ组群、第Ⅱ组群、第Ⅲ组群、第Ⅳ组群分别对应经典分类学中的小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组及兜兰亚属单花斑叶组,第Ⅴ组群则是长瓣兜兰、李氏兜兰及千禧兜兰的集合。基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的综合聚类分析结果与基于ISSR分子标记的聚类分析结果较相似。
NPL和PPB越大,说明物种多态性越高,对环境变化的潜在适应性越强;Ne越高,即等位基因对表型性状的调控能力越强,进一步增强其环境适应性;HeI是衡量物种多样性指数的重要指标,其数值越高,说明物种遗传多样性越丰富,对环境变化的适应能力越强(高源等,2019)。基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的综合聚类分析结果,对兜兰属5个组群进行遗传多样性分析,结果(表4)表明,33份兜兰属种质的物种水平遗传多样性(iPBS分子标记:Ne为1.5969,He为0.3492,I为0.5210;ISSR分子标记:Ne为1.5515,He为0.3340,I为0.5068)明显高于组群水平遗传多样性(iPBS分子标记:Ne为1.4274,He为0.2730,I为0.4292;ISSR分子标记:Ne为1.3733,He为0.2492,I为0.4027),进一步说明兜兰属植物在物种水平上表现出明显的遗传分化特征,已形成多个不同的遗传组群。
基于iPBS分子标记的分析结果(表4)显示,第Ⅰ组群(小萼亚属)的遗传多样性最高(Ne为1.3584,He为0.2183,I为0.3334),第Ⅴ组群(长瓣兜兰、李氏兜兰及千禧兜兰的集合)的遗传多样性最低(Ne为1.2625,He为0.1616,I为0.2453),第Ⅱ组群(宽瓣亚属)、第Ⅲ组群(兜兰亚属兜兰组)和第Ⅳ组群(兜兰亚属单花斑叶组)的遗传多样性差异不明显。基于iPBS分子标记分析的兜兰属种质组群内遗传多样性排序依次为第Ⅰ组群>第Ⅲ组群>第Ⅳ组群>第Ⅱ组群>第Ⅴ组群。
基于ISSR分子标记的分析结果(表4)显示,第Ⅰ组群(小萼亚属)的遗传多样性最高(Ne为1.3614,He为0.2217,I为0.3407),第Ⅱ组群(宽瓣亚属)的遗传多样性最低(Ne为1.2410,He为0.1407,I为0.2105)。基于ISSR分子标记的兜兰属种质组群内遗传多样性排序依次为第Ⅰ组群>第Ⅲ组群>第Ⅳ组群>第Ⅴ组群>第Ⅱ组群。
Gst是衡量种群遗传结构的核心指标,能反映遗传多样性在种群间的分布情况,其数值范围在0~1。Gst越大,表明种群间的遗传差异越大,基因交流越少。Gst<0.05,表示极弱分化,种群间基本无差异;0.05≤Gst<0.15,表示中等分化,种群间存在可测量的分化;0.15≤Gst<0.25,表示种群间存在较强的明显分化;Gst≥0.25,表示种群间存在极强分化,可能形成不同的亚种。Nm是指每个世代在不同亚种群间成功迁移并留下后代的有效个体数量。Nm>1,表示基因交流足以有效抵抗遗传漂变,防止种群间产生显著的遗传分化,种群在遗传上基本保持连续和均一;Nm=1,表示基因交流的力量恰好与遗传漂变的力量维持平衡;Nm<1,表示每代迁移的有效个体少于1个,种群开始积累遗传差异,随着时间推移将产生明显的遗传分化(Scott Mills and Allendorf,1996)。基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的兜兰属种质总群体杂合度(Ht)分别为0.2762和0.2495,组群杂合度的加权平均值(Hs)分别为0.1897和0.1769。根据Gst=(Ht-Hs)/Ht计算得到的组群间Gst分别为0.3131和0.2911,表明兜兰属种质在组群间存在极强的遗传分化(Gst≥0.25),且约有30%的总遗传变异来源于组群的差异。可见,尽管兜兰属种质的组群内变异占比较高,但组群间的遗传分化已达极强水平,导致群体间的遗传结构差异非常明显。此外,基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记分析的兜兰属种质Nm分别为0.5485和0.6088,均小于1,表明兜兰属各组群间存在微弱的基因流强度。由于兜兰属各组群间的基因交流强度仅发挥出有限的遗传连接作用,难以促使各组群保持遗传均质化,而处于(或长期处于)遗传分化持续加强的动态过程。综上所述,参试的33份兜兰属种质存在明显的群体遗传结构差异,且组群间的遗传隔离是塑造兜兰当前遗传格局的主要力量。
利用PopGen 1.32计算兜兰属各组群间的遗传距离及Nei’s遗传一致度,其结果见表5。基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记分析的兜兰属各组群间遗传距离变化范围分别为0.0955~0.1886和0.0650~0.1364,Nei’s遗传一致度变化范围分别为0.8281~0.9090和0.8725~0.9371,表明不同组群间存在一定的遗传分化,但整体上保持较高的遗传相似性。基于iPBS分子标记的分析结果显示,第Ⅲ组群与第Ⅳ组群的Nei’s遗传一致度最高(0.9090),遗传距离最近(0.0955),即这2个组群的亲缘关系最近;第Ⅱ组群与第Ⅳ组群的Nei’s遗传一致度最低(0.8281),遗传距离最远(0.1886),说明二者的亲缘关系最远。基于ISSR分子标记的分析结果显示,第Ⅳ组群与第Ⅴ组群的Nei’s遗传一致度最高(0.9371),遗传距离最近(0.0650),说明这2个组群的亲缘关系最近;第Ⅰ组群和第Ⅱ组群的Nei’s遗传一致度最低(0.8725),遗传距离最远(0.1364),即二者的亲缘关系最远。
本研究结果显示,基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的综合聚类分析将31份国产兜兰属种质划分为5个组群,第Ⅰ组群、第Ⅱ组群、第Ⅲ组群、第Ⅳ组群分别对应经典分类学中的小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组及兜兰亚属单花斑叶组,第Ⅴ组群则包含长瓣兜兰与2份国外兜兰属种质(李氏兜兰和千禧兜兰),可认为是兜兰亚属多花长瓣组与多花短瓣组的集合。这与目前普遍认可的经典分类结果(Cox et al.,1997Cribb,1998)基本一致,但值得注意的是:(1)基于iPBS分子标记的分析将长瓣兜兰单独聚为一个组群,基于ISSR分子标记及综合2种分子标记的分析则将长瓣兜兰与2份国外兜兰属种质聚为一个组群;(2)基于iPBS分子标记的分析将带叶兜兰归于第Ⅲ组群(兜兰亚属兜兰组),与经典分类学一致,基于ISSR分子标记及综合2种分子标记的分析则将其归入第Ⅱ组群(宽瓣亚属)。究其原因可能是不同分子标记对基因组区域的覆盖差异所致,iPBS分子标记基于逆转录转座子分布,能捕捉基因组中相对保守且具有演化意义的变异位点,更稳定地反映基因组深层变异,有效揭示物种间的深层亲缘关系(Kalendar et al.,2010Kalendar and Schulman,2011Guo et al.,2012);而ISSR分子标记源于简单序列重复,其多态性高但易受近期遗传漂变的影响,可能导致属内不同组群间亲缘关系的误判(Archibald et al.,2006)。
遗传多样性作为物种生存与进化的基石,是植物适应环境变化的重要体现(Souza et al.,2013)。遗传多样性水平越高,说明物种对环境变化的适应能力越强,且在长期的进化过程中得以延续;遗传多样性水平较低的物种则面临更高的灭绝风险(Pauls et al.,2013Breed et al.,2019Klimova and Jacob,2025)。本研究结果显示,兜兰属种质的物种水平遗传多样性明显高于组群水平遗传多样性,充分说明兜兰属植物在物种水平上表现出明显的遗传分化特征,已形成多个不同的遗传组群。基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的分析结果均显示,小萼亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的组群遗传多样性水平位居前3,表明兜兰属在物种层面拥有较强的适应潜力,且这3个组群在长期演化过程中积累了较高的遗传变异,与黄家林等(2014)对硬叶兜兰、田力等(2023)对贵州北盘江流域兜兰属植物的研究结论一致,进一步验证了我国西南地区作为兜兰属种质多样性中心的重要地位(Tsai et al.,2020Tang et al.,2025)。相比之下,宽瓣亚属的组群遗传多样性水平较低,可能与研究物种数量较少有关。遗传多样性与群体大小、样本来源地及取样范围密切相关,也直接影响研究结果的代表性与可靠性。本研究仅对国产兜兰属种质进行单样本取样,一定程度上限制了对组群内遗传变异的全面揭示,尤其对于分布狭窄或种群碎片化的物种而言,单一样本难以准确反映其真实的遗传格局(Guo et al.,2021;Sun et al.,2022Hou et al.,2025)。因此,后续研究应扩大取样范围,力争涵盖更多的地理种群,并结合多基因联合分析,以提高分辨率和统计效力。
基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记的遗传结构分析发现,兜兰属种质的组群间Gst分别为0.3131和0.2911,表明兜兰属种质在组群间存在极强的遗传分化(Gst≥0.25),约有30%的总遗传变异来源于组群间差异。虽然组群内变异(约70%)在方差分量上的占比更高,但极高的Gst意味着组群遗传结构在生物学上已非常显著,故推测各组群经历了较长时间的遗传隔离或存在明显的地域适应性。此外,基于iPBS和ISSR分子标记分析的兜兰属种质Nm分别为0.5485和0.6088,均小于1,与极高的Gst在遗传学原理上相互佐证:微弱的基因交流无法抵抗遗传漂变是导致组群间强烈分化的关键因素。这也说明各组群间的基因交流仅发挥出有限的遗传连接作用,难以维持兜兰属种质的遗传均质化,即参试兜兰属种质存在明显的群体遗传结构差异,而遗传隔离已成为塑造其当前遗传格局的主导力量。2种分子标记的分析结果高度一致,进一步支持了该结论的稳健性。兜兰属不同组群间的遗传距离及Nei’s遗传一致度存在差异,表明不同组群间存在一定的遗传分化,但整体上保持较高的遗传相似性。基于iPBS分子标记的分析结果显示,兜兰亚属兜兰组与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系最近,宽瓣亚属与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系最远。基于ISSR分子标记的分析结果显示,兜兰亚属多花长瓣组和多花短瓣组集合与兜兰亚属单花斑叶组的亲缘关系较近,小萼亚属与宽瓣亚属的亲缘关系最远。综上所述,不同分子标记在揭示兜兰属各组群间的遗传关系时具有一致性,但也存在差异,进一步验证了兜兰属植物组群间遗传分化的复杂性,不同物种间可能存在祖先杂交或种间渐渗现象(Jiang et al.,2025Wei et al.,2025)。
无论是在兜兰属种质系统发育及亲缘关系分析,还是在遗传多样性分析,或是遗传结构分析,iPBS分子标记与ISSR分子标记均存在一定差异,可能与二者标记的区域不同有关。iPBS分子标记是基于逆转座子的保守区域,其插入事件在进化上相对稳定且通常不可逆(Kalendar et al.,2010),能有效反映深层的系统发育历史(Kalendar and Schulman,2011)。相比之下,ISSR分子标记所靶向的微卫星区域以极高的突变率著称,主要源于DNA滑动(Ellegren,2004),对近期种群动态高度敏感,但高突变率的ISSR分子标记在深度分类层次系统发育推断时常因同塑性高而引入误差(Bussell et al.,2005)。不同分子标记因其扩增区域的生物学特性存在差异,在揭示物种演化关系时具有不同的分辨能力(Cui et al.,2023),即分子标记的选择不仅影响遗传结构的解析精度,更关乎系统发育关系的正确推断。因此,进行物种系统发育研究时应优先考虑分子标记系统的演化属性,并综合多种分子标记以提高解析准确性,克服单一分子标记的局限性,从而提高聚类分析结果的可靠性(Hausdorf and Hennig,2010Huang et al.,2025)。在本研究中,基于iPBS分子标记的兜兰属组群遗传多样性水平高于基于ISSR分子标记的分析结果,说明iPBS分子标记在揭示兜兰属种质遗传多样性方面具有更高的灵敏度和分辨能力,能检测到更多潜在的遗传变异位点(Zhou et al.,2021Yin et al.,2025)。若同时结合SSR或ISSR分子标记可覆盖更广泛的基因组区域,对种质间细微的遗传差异更具响应性。
我国分布的兜兰属种质主要集中在小萼亚属、宽瓣亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组及兜兰亚属多花长瓣组5个组群,其中小萼亚属、兜兰亚属兜兰组、兜兰亚属单花斑叶组3个组群的遗传多样性水平较高;兜兰属组群间存在明显的遗传分化,暗示着各组群可能经历了较长时间的遗传隔离或存在明显的地域适应性。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.001
  • 接收时间:2026-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-19
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    1福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院/兰科植物保护与利用国家林草局重点实验室,福建 福州 350002
    2广西农业科学院 花卉研究所,广西 南宁 530007
    3广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004
    4南宁市植物园,广西 南宁 530021
    5南宁青秀山风景名胜区旅游开发有限公司,广西 南宁 530021

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彭东辉(1971-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-5235,博士,教授,主要从事园林植物与观赏园艺研究工作,E-mail:
刘仲健(1958-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4390-3878,博士,教授,主要从事兰科植物系统生物学及基因组学研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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