Article(id=1302212358324122391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758038400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401220159, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401220159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401220159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401220159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1843, endPage=1858, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212359058125592, articleId=1302212358324122391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Prediction of active components,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory function in Polygonatum kingianum pericarp, columnId=1302212224123167538, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Processing·Storage·Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to determine the contents of active components and antioxidant activity in Polygonatum kingianum pericarp and predict the anti-inflammatory functions,providing reference for the high-value utilization of pericarp waste derived from Polygonatum kingianum processing.

Method

Polygonatum kingianum pericarp was used as experimental material to determine the contents of total polysaccharides,total saponins,total flavonoids,and total phenolics and detect the scavenging capability of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts for 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) radicals and 2,2-diazo-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diamiam monium salt (ABTS) cationic radicals. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-MS) technology was employed to analyze the metabolite composition of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts,and potential active components were screened using network pharmacology methods. Core intersecting target analysis was conducted to predict KEGG signaling pathways associated with anti-inflammatory functions.

Result

The contents of total polysaccharides,total saponins,total flavonoids,and total phenolics in the Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts were 53.14%,1.40%,0.39%,and 0.12% respectively. Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts exhi-bited strong scavenging capability for both DPPH radicals and ABTS cationic radicals,with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 3.21 and 5.21 mg/mL respectively. A total of 822 components were detected from Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts using high-resolution mass spectrometry,from which 28 potential active components were screened,and 262 intersected with anti-inflammatory activity targets. Luteolin,diosmetin,acacetin,genkwanin,and syringetin were key anti-inflammatory components that acted on core target proteins such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF),interleukin-6 (IL-6),serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2),and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The anti-inflammatory targets of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts were associated with 1065 GO functional terms,comprising 739 biological process terms,94 cellular component terms,and 232 molecular function terms. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that these targets exerted their potential anti-inflammatory functions primarily by modulating pathways in cancer.

Conclusion

Polygonatum kingianum pericarp contains abundant active components,exhibits strong antioxidant activity,and shows good anti-inflammatory potential,suggesting its potential utilization value to be developed as functional products.

, authors=Lin ZHANG1, 2, 3, Xue-mei HE4, Xiao-mi YANG5, Qi-ying LI3, Xia-tian ZHANG3, Tian-li LI6, Jing-gui NIE1, 2, 3, Zhen WEI4, Xia-hong HE1, Yue FANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=Lin ZHANG, Xue-mei HE, Xiao-mi YANG, Qi-ying LI, Xia-tian ZHANG, Tian-li LI, Jing-gui NIE, Zhen WEI, Xia-hong HE, Yue FANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-mi YANG, Yue FANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212363093046063, articleId=1302212358324122391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=滇黄精果皮活性成分、抗氧化活性及抗炎功能预测, columnId=1302212224328688436, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=加工·贮藏·质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对滇黄精果皮的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性进行测定,并预测其抗炎功能,为滇黄精加工废弃物的高值化利用提供参考依据。

方法

以滇黄精果皮为试验材料,测定总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮及总酚含量,并检测滇黄精果皮提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)阳离子自由基的清除能力,同时采用超高效液相色谱—四极杆—轨道阱质谱联用(UPLC-Q-MS)技术分析滇黄精果皮提取物中的代谢物组成,并结合网络药理学方法筛选潜在活性成分,进一步通过核心交集靶点分析预测与抗炎作用相关的KEGG信号通路。

结果

滇黄精果皮提取物中总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量分别为53.14%、1.40%、0.39%和0.12%;滇黄精果皮提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基均有较强的清除能力,半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为3.21和5.21 mg/mL。高分辨质谱共检测出滇黄精果皮提取物中的822种成分,从中筛选出潜在活性成分28种,与抗炎活性靶点交集262个,其中木犀草素、香叶木素、金合欢素、芫花素和丁香素是关键抗炎成分,并作用于肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1(AKT1)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)等核心靶点蛋白。滇黄精果皮提取物的抗炎靶点共涉及1065条GO功能条目,其中生物过程条目739条、细胞组成条目94条、分子功能条目232条;KEGG信号通路富集分析显示,靶点主要通过调节癌症通路发挥潜在抗炎作用。

结论

滇黄精果皮含有丰富的活性成分,且抗氧化活性较强,同时具有较好的抗炎活性潜力,表明其具有开发为功能性产品的潜在利用价值。

, authors=张琳1, 2, 3, 何雪梅4, 杨晓密5, *, *, 李其颖3, 张夏添3, 李天丽6, 聂景贵1, 2, 3, 韦珍4, 何霞红1, 方越1, 2, 3, *, *, authorsList=张琳, 何雪梅, 杨晓密, 李其颖, 张夏添, 李天丽, 聂景贵, 韦珍, 何霞红, 方越, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨晓密, 方越, authorNote=

张琳(1998-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7826-5123,研究方向为农林产品加工与贮运,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨晓密(1979-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1461-6138,高级实验师,主要从事营养对人类疾病改善作用研究工作,E-mail:
方越(1991-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-2043,博士,主要从事药食资源开发利用研究工作,E-mail:
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2Forest Resources Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center for Grand Health of Yunnan Provincial Universities,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China
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Carbohydrate Polymers278:118 928., articleTitle=RID serve as a more appropriate measure than phenol sulfuric acid method for natural water-soluble polysaccharides quantification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212388044960750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, doi=10.3389/fendo.2021.815891, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=815891, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=75, authorNames=Zhao J L, Lin F Z, Liang G H, Han Y H, Xu N J, Pan J K, Luo M H, Yang W Y, Zeng L F, journalName=Frontiers in Endocrinology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao J LLin F ZLiang G HHan Y HXu N JPan J KLuo M HYang W YZeng L F. 2022. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma in the treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking[J]. 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661200,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212365538325313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, companyId=1302212365521548095, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6屏边县农业农村和科学技术推广中心,云南 红河 661200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212371687175048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Scavenging capability of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts on DPPH radicals, figureFileSmall=EeKu2z6oNvo4h9ZKqvJG/Q==, figureFileBig=9ULFmVDTSrbps/lqOgUJ4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212371758478217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图1, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力

图柱上不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图2同

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negative (B) ion modes, figureFileSmall=J7OzvU3BxPNxiKKv7pKM0A==, figureFileBig=WF8TOSiK3eMs6BiRzdyHjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374027596685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图3, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物正(A)、负(B)总离子流图, figureFileSmall=J7OzvU3BxPNxiKKv7pKM0A==, figureFileBig=WF8TOSiK3eMs6BiRzdyHjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374103094158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Metabolite classification of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts in positive (A) and negative (B) ion modes, figureFileSmall=9hLIJJ0ZJGq/Sbox/epTdQ==, figureFileBig=ToW2OBVNLdR9zrDIdk5lQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374182785935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图4, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物正(A)、负(B)离子模式下的代谢物分类, figureFileSmall=9hLIJJ0ZJGq/Sbox/epTdQ==, figureFileBig=ToW2OBVNLdR9zrDIdk5lQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374300226448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Venn diagram of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts-anti-inflammatory targets, figureFileSmall=mvZ+w4QNUjnwygoufLzomg==, figureFileBig=K01xiZ4HilBjWWR7issU4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374392501137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图5, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物—抗炎靶点韦恩图, figureFileSmall=mvZ+w4QNUjnwygoufLzomg==, figureFileBig=K01xiZ4HilBjWWR7issU4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374497358738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Network of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts-potential active components-anti-inflammatory targets, figureFileSmall=+g1wwphfnI4d5XTwwFEhGg==, figureFileBig=fW+6EPqSLCtxEZDRpsEXNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374627382163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图6, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物—潜在活性成分—抗炎靶点网络, figureFileSmall=+g1wwphfnI4d5XTwwFEhGg==, figureFileBig=fW+6EPqSLCtxEZDRpsEXNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374694491028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=PPI network of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts-anti-inflammatory targets, figureFileSmall=fbbLeAuU2fZZvAjW7womFg==, figureFileBig=/qNk7f39Teb/GSWjcTdUSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374757405589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图7, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物—抗炎靶点PPI网络, figureFileSmall=fbbLeAuU2fZZvAjW7womFg==, figureFileBig=/qNk7f39Teb/GSWjcTdUSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374811931542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=PPI network of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts-anti-inflammatory core targets, figureFileSmall=us2oI/ePaUQyaHUzYSlDbQ==, figureFileBig=GPn1JnMHRdF1KcVV/UUhHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374874846103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图8, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物—抗炎核心靶点PPI网络, figureFileSmall=us2oI/ePaUQyaHUzYSlDbQ==, figureFileBig=GPn1JnMHRdF1KcVV/UUhHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212374962926488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=GO functional annotation results of anti-inflammation of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts, figureFileSmall=Uq98lvdApTHO7LnX+FEuow==, figureFileBig=JaRYibuHBe7dlqI9+cc12Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212375038423961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=图9, caption=滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎GO功能注释结果

A:GO功能富集气泡图;B:GO功能富集多组水平条形图

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Potential active components of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Number
活性成分
Active component
CAS号
CAS number
口服利用度(%)
Oral bioavailability
生物类药性
Biological drug-likeliness
1四甲氧基木犀草素Tetramethoxyluteolin855-97-043.680.37
2丁香素 Syringetin4423-37-436.820.37
3大蓟苷 Pectolinarin28978-02-147.620.65
4黄藤素 Palmatine3486-67-764.600.65
5柚皮素 Naringenin480-41-159.290.21
6木犀草素 Luteolin491-70-336.160.25
7蒙花苷 Linarin480-36-439.840.71
8甘草查尔酮B Licochalcone B58749-23-876.760.19
9异巴黄素 Isobavachin31524-62-654.440.32
10靛蓝 Indigo482-89-338.200.26
11芫花素 Genkwanin437-64-937.130.24
12金柑苷 Fortunellin20633-93-635.650.74
13杜鹃素 Farrerol24211-30-142.650.26
14吴茱萸碱 Evodiamine518-17-286.020.64
15麦角甾醇过氧化物 Ergosterol peroxide2061-64-540.360.81
16玫瑰树碱 Ellipticine519-23-330.820.28
17鞣花酸 Ellagic acid476-66-443.060.43
18香叶木素 Diosmetin520-34-331.140.27
19薯蓣皂素 Diosgenin512-04-980.880.81
20双氢青蒿素 Dihydroartemisinin81496-82-450.750.30
21德尔妥因 Deltoin19662-71-646.690.37
22隐丹参酮 Cryptotanshinone35825-57-152.340.40
23去氢钩藤碱 Corynoxeine630-94-457.130.57
24白果内酯 Bilobalide33570-04-684.420.36
25黄连素 Berberine2086-83-136.860.78
26积雪草酸 Asiatic acid464-92-641.380.71
27青蒿素 Artemisinin63968-64-949.880.31
28金合欢素 Acacetin480-44-434.970.24
), ArticleFig(id=1302212375529157535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

滇黄精果皮提取物潜在活性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Number
活性成分
Active component
CAS号
CAS number
口服利用度(%)
Oral bioavailability
生物类药性
Biological drug-likeliness
1四甲氧基木犀草素Tetramethoxyluteolin855-97-043.680.37
2丁香素 Syringetin4423-37-436.820.37
3大蓟苷 Pectolinarin28978-02-147.620.65
4黄藤素 Palmatine3486-67-764.600.65
5柚皮素 Naringenin480-41-159.290.21
6木犀草素 Luteolin491-70-336.160.25
7蒙花苷 Linarin480-36-439.840.71
8甘草查尔酮B Licochalcone B58749-23-876.760.19
9异巴黄素 Isobavachin31524-62-654.440.32
10靛蓝 Indigo482-89-338.200.26
11芫花素 Genkwanin437-64-937.130.24
12金柑苷 Fortunellin20633-93-635.650.74
13杜鹃素 Farrerol24211-30-142.650.26
14吴茱萸碱 Evodiamine518-17-286.020.64
15麦角甾醇过氧化物 Ergosterol peroxide2061-64-540.360.81
16玫瑰树碱 Ellipticine519-23-330.820.28
17鞣花酸 Ellagic acid476-66-443.060.43
18香叶木素 Diosmetin520-34-331.140.27
19薯蓣皂素 Diosgenin512-04-980.880.81
20双氢青蒿素 Dihydroartemisinin81496-82-450.750.30
21德尔妥因 Deltoin19662-71-646.690.37
22隐丹参酮 Cryptotanshinone35825-57-152.340.40
23去氢钩藤碱 Corynoxeine630-94-457.130.57
24白果内酯 Bilobalide33570-04-684.420.36
25黄连素 Berberine2086-83-136.860.78
26积雪草酸 Asiatic acid464-92-641.380.71
27青蒿素 Artemisinin63968-64-949.880.31
28金合欢素 Acacetin480-44-434.970.24
), ArticleFig(id=1302212375613043616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Signaling pathways for anti-inflammation of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts (top 20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代称
Alternative designation
信号通路
Signaling pathway
hsa05200癌症通路 Pathways in cancer
hsa05417脂质和动脉粥样硬化 Lipid and atherosclerosis
hsa05163人巨细胞病毒感染 Human cytomegalovirus infection
hsa04933糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
hsa01522内分泌抵抗 Endocrine resistance
hsa05205癌症蛋白聚糖 Proteoglycans in cancer
hsa05167卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
hsa01521表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的抗药性 EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance
hsa05207化学致癌—受体激活 Chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation
hsa05418流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化 Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
hsa05212胰腺癌 Pancreatic cancer
hsa05208化学致癌—活性氧 Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species
hsa05215前列腺癌 Prostate cancer
hsa05161乙型肝炎 Hepatitis B
hsa04370VEGF信号通路 VEGF signaling pathway
hsa05235癌症中的PD-L1表达及PD-1检查点通路 PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
hsa04151PI3K-Akt信号通路 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04625C型凝集素受体信号通路 C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
hsa05135鼠疫耶尔森菌感染 Yersinia infection
hsa04066HIF-1信号通路 HIF-1 signaling pathway
), ArticleFig(id=1302212375696929697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212358324122391, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的作用信号通路(前20条)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代称
Alternative designation
信号通路
Signaling pathway
hsa05200癌症通路 Pathways in cancer
hsa05417脂质和动脉粥样硬化 Lipid and atherosclerosis
hsa05163人巨细胞病毒感染 Human cytomegalovirus infection
hsa04933糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
hsa01522内分泌抵抗 Endocrine resistance
hsa05205癌症蛋白聚糖 Proteoglycans in cancer
hsa05167卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
hsa01521表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的抗药性 EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance
hsa05207化学致癌—受体激活 Chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation
hsa05418流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化 Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
hsa05212胰腺癌 Pancreatic cancer
hsa05208化学致癌—活性氧 Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species
hsa05215前列腺癌 Prostate cancer
hsa05161乙型肝炎 Hepatitis B
hsa04370VEGF信号通路 VEGF signaling pathway
hsa05235癌症中的PD-L1表达及PD-1检查点通路 PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
hsa04151PI3K-Akt信号通路 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04625C型凝集素受体信号通路 C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
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滇黄精果皮活性成分、抗氧化活性及抗炎功能预测
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张琳 1, 2, 3 , 何雪梅 4 , 杨晓密 5, *, * , 李其颖 3 , 张夏添 3 , 李天丽 6 , 聂景贵 1, 2, 3 , 韦珍 4 , 何霞红 1 , 方越 1, 2, 3, *, *
南方农业学报 | 加工·贮藏·质量安全 2026,57(6): 1843-1858
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南方农业学报 |加工·贮藏·质量安全 2026 , 57 (6) : 1843 -1858
滇黄精果皮活性成分、抗氧化活性及抗炎功能预测
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张琳1, 2, 3 , 何雪梅4, 杨晓密5, *, * , 李其颖3, 张夏添3, 李天丽6, 聂景贵1, 2, 3, 韦珍4, 何霞红1, 方越1, 2, 3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南 昆明 650224
  • 2云南省高校大健康类森林资源开发利用工程研究中心,云南 昆明 650224
  • 3西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院,云南 昆明 650224
  • 4广西农业科学院,广西 南宁 530007
  • 5云南中医药大学,云南 昆明 650500
  • 6屏边县农业农村和科学技术推广中心,云南 红河 661200
通讯作者:
杨晓密(1979-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1461-6138,高级实验师,主要从事营养对人类疾病改善作用研究工作,E-mail:
方越(1991-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-2043,博士,主要从事药食资源开发利用研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

张琳(1998-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7826-5123,研究方向为农林产品加工与贮运,E-mail:

Prediction of active components,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory function in Polygonatum kingianum pericarp
Lin ZHANG1, 2, 3 , Xue-mei HE4, Xiao-mi YANG5 , Qi-ying LI3, Xia-tian ZHANG3, Tian-li LI6, Jing-gui NIE1, 2, 3, Zhen WEI4, Xia-hong HE1, Yue FANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-Forest Resource,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China
  • 2Forest Resources Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center for Grand Health of Yunnan Provincial Universities,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China
  • 3College of Biological Science and Food Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China
  • 4Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China
  • 5Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China
  • 6Extension Center of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Science and Technology of Pingbian County,Honghe,Yunnan 661200,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.020
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目的

对滇黄精果皮的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性进行测定,并预测其抗炎功能,为滇黄精加工废弃物的高值化利用提供参考依据。

方法

以滇黄精果皮为试验材料,测定总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮及总酚含量,并检测滇黄精果皮提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)阳离子自由基的清除能力,同时采用超高效液相色谱—四极杆—轨道阱质谱联用(UPLC-Q-MS)技术分析滇黄精果皮提取物中的代谢物组成,并结合网络药理学方法筛选潜在活性成分,进一步通过核心交集靶点分析预测与抗炎作用相关的KEGG信号通路。

结果

滇黄精果皮提取物中总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量分别为53.14%、1.40%、0.39%和0.12%;滇黄精果皮提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基均有较强的清除能力,半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为3.21和5.21 mg/mL。高分辨质谱共检测出滇黄精果皮提取物中的822种成分,从中筛选出潜在活性成分28种,与抗炎活性靶点交集262个,其中木犀草素、香叶木素、金合欢素、芫花素和丁香素是关键抗炎成分,并作用于肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1(AKT1)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)等核心靶点蛋白。滇黄精果皮提取物的抗炎靶点共涉及1065条GO功能条目,其中生物过程条目739条、细胞组成条目94条、分子功能条目232条;KEGG信号通路富集分析显示,靶点主要通过调节癌症通路发挥潜在抗炎作用。

结论

滇黄精果皮含有丰富的活性成分,且抗氧化活性较强,同时具有较好的抗炎活性潜力,表明其具有开发为功能性产品的潜在利用价值。

滇黄精果皮  /  活性成分  /  抗氧化活性  /  UPLC-Q-MS  /  网络药理学  /  抗炎
Objective

This study aimed to determine the contents of active components and antioxidant activity in Polygonatum kingianum pericarp and predict the anti-inflammatory functions,providing reference for the high-value utilization of pericarp waste derived from Polygonatum kingianum processing.

Method

Polygonatum kingianum pericarp was used as experimental material to determine the contents of total polysaccharides,total saponins,total flavonoids,and total phenolics and detect the scavenging capability of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts for 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) radicals and 2,2-diazo-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diamiam monium salt (ABTS) cationic radicals. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-MS) technology was employed to analyze the metabolite composition of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts,and potential active components were screened using network pharmacology methods. Core intersecting target analysis was conducted to predict KEGG signaling pathways associated with anti-inflammatory functions.

Result

The contents of total polysaccharides,total saponins,total flavonoids,and total phenolics in the Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts were 53.14%,1.40%,0.39%,and 0.12% respectively. Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts exhi-bited strong scavenging capability for both DPPH radicals and ABTS cationic radicals,with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 3.21 and 5.21 mg/mL respectively. A total of 822 components were detected from Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts using high-resolution mass spectrometry,from which 28 potential active components were screened,and 262 intersected with anti-inflammatory activity targets. Luteolin,diosmetin,acacetin,genkwanin,and syringetin were key anti-inflammatory components that acted on core target proteins such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF),interleukin-6 (IL-6),serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2),and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The anti-inflammatory targets of Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extracts were associated with 1065 GO functional terms,comprising 739 biological process terms,94 cellular component terms,and 232 molecular function terms. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that these targets exerted their potential anti-inflammatory functions primarily by modulating pathways in cancer.

Conclusion

Polygonatum kingianum pericarp contains abundant active components,exhibits strong antioxidant activity,and shows good anti-inflammatory potential,suggesting its potential utilization value to be developed as functional products.

Polygonatum kingianum pericarp  /  active component  /  antioxidant activity  /  UPLC-Q-MS  /  network pharmacology  /  anti-inflammation
张琳, 何雪梅, 杨晓密, 李其颖, 张夏添, 李天丽, 聂景贵, 韦珍, 何霞红, 方越. 滇黄精果皮活性成分、抗氧化活性及抗炎功能预测. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1843 -1858 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.020
Lin ZHANG, Xue-mei HE, Xiao-mi YANG, Qi-ying LI, Xia-tian ZHANG, Tian-li LI, Jing-gui NIE, Zhen WEI, Xia-hong HE, Yue FANG. Prediction of active components,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory function in Polygonatum kingianum pericarp[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1843 -1858 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.020
【研究意义】滇黄精(Polygonatum kingiamum)为天门冬科(Asparagaceae)黄精属(Polygonatum)植物,是我国传统药食同源植物资源,广泛种植于云南、四川、贵州和广西等地(余高等,2023)。其主要使用部位为块茎,生产周期3~5年。在滇黄精种植生产过程中,每年产生大量果实,果期在9—10月,其果实肥厚、结实率高(姚馨等,2018)。据《抱朴子内篇》《本草经集注》等记载,黄精果实可作药食使用且功效优于块茎。滇黄精果实由果皮(肉)和种子组成。为获得滇黄精种子,需去除并丢弃其果皮,导致果皮资源严重浪费。相比滇黄精块茎,其果皮每年均可收获且产量较大,因此对其进行研究利用能够显著提高滇黄精资源的利用率。研究表明,滇黄精果皮含有丰富的淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂类、维生素、微量元素等营养物质,以及多糖、皂苷、黄酮等活性成分,与块茎类似,同样具有较高的食用和药用价值(肖惠妹等,2025),但目前关于滇黄精的研究多以块茎为主,鲜有对滇黄精果皮活性成分及相关功能活性的研究。因此,研究滇黄精果皮中的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性,解析其代谢物组成,同时结合网络药理学预测其抗炎功能,对揭示滇黄精果皮中的关键活性成分、推动其高值化利用与潜在价值挖掘具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】前人研究主要集中在滇黄精根茎的活性成分及其功能分析(刘菡等,2023),药理学研究表明滇黄精具有降糖降脂(陶爱恩等,2019)、抗癌(张国文等,2023)、抗衰老(Huang et al.,2024)、抗炎(牛世蓉等,2025)等功效,对滇黄精叶、花、果等副产物的研究相对较少。李玲等(2021)研究发现,滇黄精叶片中黄酮和酚类物质含量较高,根茎中多糖和皂苷含量显著高于其他部位。肖惠妹等(2025)采用显色法测定滇黄精不同部位功能成分含量,发现茎、叶、果皮等副产物中也含有丰富的多糖、皂苷、黄酮等成分,具有一定开发利用价值。炎症反应是机体重要的免疫防御机制,过度的炎症反应对人体健康不利。目前,临床常用的合成类抗炎药物存在药物毒性或不良反应,天然药食植物含有丰富的抗炎成分,具有安全、高效、多靶点等特点。如金合欢素可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB的异常激活和NLRP3信号通路蛋白的表达来改善小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(任君宇,2020);香叶木素能通过PGC-1α调控YAP介导的HaCaT细胞炎症和增殖(杨代林,2024)。蔡红业等(2023)研究发现,金莲花中的鼠尾草素、蓟黄素、香叶木素等可作用于PI3K-Akt、MAPK、AGE-RAGE等信号通路发挥协同抗炎作用;陈迪路等(2023)揭示地锦草中鞣花酸、山柰酚、芹菜素等成分调控PI3K/PKB、VEGF等信号通路发挥治疗炎症的作用;侯宪邦和王永翠(2023)从紫苏叶中发现丁香糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇等5个核心抗炎成分,并参与调节Pathways in cancer、IL-17等抗炎相关信号通路。但天然药用植物中的化学成分复杂,其作用靶点和信号通路众多,利用质谱—网络药理学分析能在复杂成分中筛选出关键活性成分,建立成分—靶点—疾病关联网络,预测天然植物的相关功能活性及作用靶点(刘册家等,2024)。何淏天等(2024)利用网络药理学技术识别发花茶梗中香豆雌酚、高良姜素、木犀草素等16个核心活性成分和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、雌激素受体1(ESR1)、肉瘤病毒癌基因(SRC)等13个核心靶点,为发花茶梗的功能成分开发提供依据。同时,网络药理学在黄精功能活性预测分析中已有应用,Zhao等(2022)基于网络药理学技术获得黄精抗骨质疏松的黄芩素、β-谷甾醇等12个关键活性成分和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1(AKT1)、ESR1等84个药物靶点蛋白,为黄精在老年人群中的作用研究提供参考;张楠等(2024)采用网络药理学方法挖掘出滇黄精抗疲劳的3'-甲氧基大豆苷元、黄芩素、β-谷甾醇等主要活性成分和EGFR、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)等关键靶点,为滇黄精的抗疲劳功效研究提供理论依据。【本研究切入点】果皮作为滇黄精种植过程中产生的主要副产物,其活性成分及其潜在功能靶点和作用的信号通路未被揭示,导致其应用前景不明确,被大量浪费。目前,关于滇黄精果皮活性成分及抗氧化活性分析的研究较少,对其具有潜在功能靶点的研究更是鲜见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】以滇黄精果皮为试验材料,测定其多糖、皂苷等活性成分含量及抗氧化活性,进一步利用超高效液相色谱—四极杆—轨道阱质谱联用(UPLC-Q-MS)技术鉴定滇黄精果皮中主要代谢物,采用网络药理学筛选和分析滇黄精果皮主要活性成分及其关键靶点和信号通路,旨在为滇黄精加工废弃物的高值化利用提供科学参考。
滇黄精果实于2023年10月采自云南省昆明市寻甸县羊街镇丰乐林下滇黄精种植基地,采集后低温运输,置于实验室-80 ℃冷藏保存。主要试剂:D(+)-无水葡萄糖、人参皂苷Re、芦丁、没食子酸(上海源叶生物科技有限公司);1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、维生素C(Vc)(广东光华化学厂有限公司);2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT) (天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司);色谱级乙腈、甲醇、甲酸(德国Millipore公司);色谱级氨水(德国Merck公司);其余化学试剂均为分析纯。
主要仪器设备:DT-1电子天平(北京赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司)、IKA旋转蒸发仪(广州艾卡仪器设备有限公司)、SB-400DTY超声波清洗机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司)、Infinite F50酶标仪(苏州赛恩斯仪器有限公司)、Q Exactive Plus质谱仪(美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司)、Nexera X2 LC-30AD超高压液相色谱仪(日本Shimadzu公司)、Concentrator plus真空离心浓缩仪(德国Eppendorf公司)。
取去除种子后的滇黄精果皮,冻干粉碎,过60目筛。称取滇黄精果皮粉末,加入20倍体积的80%乙醇,搅拌混匀后于50 ℃超声60 min,抽滤,取上清液;滤渣重复抽提,合并滤液,减压浓缩至膏状,冻干,即得滇黄精果皮提取物(Polygonatum kingianum pericarp extract,PKPE)。
采用苯酚—硫酸法(Zeng et al.,2022)测定滇黄精果皮提取物的总多糖含量,采用香草醛—高氯酸—冰乙酸法(Chua et al.,2019)测定总皂苷含量,采用亚硝酸钠—硝酸铝—氢氧化钠比色法(Li et al.,2024)测定总黄酮含量,采用福林酚法(Peng et al.,2024)测定总酚含量。
参考Amoah等(2022)的方法测定滇黄精果皮提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力。将100 µL滇黄精果皮提取物与等体积的DPPH自由基工作液混匀,室温避光反应30 min,在517 nm波长处测定吸光度,以BHT和Vc为阳性对照,根据公式计算滇黄精果皮提取物的DPPH自由基清除率,并计算其清除DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC50)。
DPPH自由基清除率(%)=(1-As-AbAc)×100
公式中,As为试验组吸光度,Ab为对照组(乙醇代替DPPH)吸光度,Ac为空白组(乙醇代替样品)吸光度。
参考Lim等(2020)的方法测定滇黄精果皮提取物的ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力。将50 µL滇黄精果皮提取物与200 µL ABTS工作液混匀,室温避光反应6 min,于734 nm波长处测定吸光度,以Vc和BHT为阳性对照,根据公式计算滇黄精果皮提取物的ABTS阳离子自由基清除率,并计算其清除ABTS阳离子自由基的IC50
ABTS阳离子自由基清除率(%)=Ac-AsAc×100
公式中,As为试验组吸光度,Ac为空白组(乙醇代替样品)吸光度。
UPLC条件:Waters ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 µm);柱温40 ℃;流速0.3 mL/min;进样量6 µL,流动相包括0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脱程序:0~2 min,0% B;2~6 min,B从0%线性变化至48%;6~10 min,B从48%线性变化至100%;10~12 min,B维持在100%;12~12.1 min,B从100%线性变化至0%,12.1~15 min,B维持在0%。整个分析过程样品始终置于4 ℃自动进样器中。
MS条件:样品采用电喷雾电离(ESI)技术,分别在正、负离子模式下检测。正离子模式的喷雾电压3800 V,负离子模式的喷雾电压3200 V;离子传输管温度320 ℃;母离子扫描范围70~1050 m/z。
数据处理:原始数据采用MS-DIAL 4.9进行峰对齐、保留时间校正和提取峰面积。代谢物结构鉴定采用精确质量数匹配(质量偏差<10 ppm)和二级谱图匹配(质量偏差<0.01 Da)方式,通过HMDB、MassBank等公共数据库及自建拜谱代谢物库(BP-DB)进行检索,依据保留时间、质荷比及二级质谱得到的碎片离子对代谢物进行定性,并根据一级质谱得到母离子峰值强度对代谢物进行定量。UPLC-Q-MS(分辨率>140000 FWHM)质量准确度优于1 ppm,试样分析前运行质量控制样品,确保仪器稳定[相对标准偏差(RSD)<30%],可提高数据结果的稳定性和准确性。
潜在活性成分筛选:将滇黄精果皮提取物质谱分析结果导入中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP),以口服利用度≥30.00%和生物类药性≥0.18为条件,初步筛选潜在活性成分;通过有机小分子生物活性数据库(PubChem)查找成分Canonical SMILES,随后将其输入Swiss Target Prediction数据库中得到潜在活性成分的预测靶点,保留P>0的靶点。
靶点筛选:在GeneCards数据库中以“anti-inflammatory”为关键词进行检索,筛选抗炎相关性评分≥1.98的靶点;然后借助Venny 2.1获取疾病靶点和潜在活性成分靶点的交集,初步获取滇黄精果皮提取物潜在作用靶点。
潜在活性成分—抗炎靶点网络构建:将上述获取的数据导入Cytoscape 3.10.3中,构建潜在活性成分—抗炎靶点网络图。
蛋白互作(PPI)网络构建:将得到的交集潜在作用靶点上传到STRING数据库,设置种群为homo sapiens,获得PPI网络图。在Export选项中设置文件下载格式为tsv,数据经Cytoscape 3.10.3处理后,即可获取核心靶点。
GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析:选取交集靶点导入DAVID数据库,设置种群为homo sapiens,进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析;最终整合GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析的前10个结果进行综合分析。
疾病—通路—靶点—成分—药物网络构建:选取滇黄精果皮提取物潜在活性成分对应靶点、韦恩图交集靶点和KEGG信号通路富集分析的前20条通路,导入Cytoscape 3.10.3中构建疾病—通路—靶点—成分—药物网络图。
所有试验均设3次重复,结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。使用Origin 2022绘图,采用SPSS 26.0进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)。利用Python 3.8.16对质谱数据进行多维统计分析。
对滇黄精果皮提取物中总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量进行测定,活性成分含量排序为总多糖>总皂苷>总黄酮>总酚。其中,总多糖含量达53.14%,远高于其他活性成分含量;总皂苷含量次之,为1.40%;而总黄酮和总酚含量较低,分别为0.39%和0.12%。表明滇黄精果皮提取物中含有丰富的活性成分,其中总多糖和总皂苷是含量较高的活性成分。
图1-A可知,在0.38~6.00 mg/mL范围内,滇黄精果皮提取物具有一定的DPPH自由基清除能力;当滇黄精果皮提取物质量浓度为0.38、0.75和1.50 mg/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率分别为19.25%、28.48%和32.62%,而当质量浓度为6.00 mg/mL时,其对DPPH自由基清除率最高,达87.07%;同时滇黄精果皮提取物对DPPH自由基的IC50为3.21 mg/mL,显著高于阳性对照Vc(0.02 mg/mL)和BHT(0.21 mg/mL)(P<0.05,下同)(图1-B),表明滇黄精果皮提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力弱于阳性对照。
图2-A可知,在0.38~12.00 mg/mL范围内,滇黄精果皮提取物具有一定的ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力;当滇黄精果皮提取物质量浓度为0.38 mg/mL时,其对ABTS阳离子自由基清除率约为10.00%,而当质量浓度为12.00 mg/mL时,ABTS阳离子自由基清除率达79.50%;同时滇黄精果皮提取物对ABTS阳离子自由基的IC50为5.21 mg/mL,显著高于阳性对照Vc(0.04 mg/mL)和BHT(0.14 mg/mL)(图2-B),表明滇黄精果皮提取物的ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力弱于阳性对照。
采用UPLC-Q-MS技术对滇黄精果皮提取物进行分析,由图3可知,滇黄精果皮提取物的正、负总离子流分离效果较好,表明测定结果可靠。在滇黄精果皮提取物中共鉴定出822种成分,正离子模式下513种,负离子模式下309种(图4)。正离子模式以氨基酸及其衍生物、胆碱为主,占比分别为18.9%和18.5%,其次为吲哚基羧酸及其衍生物、维生素K类化合物,并将占比低于1.0%的成分归为其他(图4-A);负离子模式以甾体内脂、三羧酸及其衍生物、苯磺酸及其衍生物为主,占比分别为16.1%、11.5%和9.4%,其次为脂肪酸、甘油磷脂、氨基酸及其衍生物、甾体酮,同样将占比低于1.0%的成分归为其他(图4-B)。结果表明滇黄精果皮提取物中含有丰富的代谢成分,其中可能存在对健康有益的活性成分。
对滇黄精果皮提取物的质谱分析结果进行筛选,以口服利用度≥30.00%和生物类药性≥0.18为条件,经TCMSP数据库初步筛选出28种潜在活性成分(表1)。进一步探究28种潜在活性成分可能作用的蛋白靶点,利用Swiss Target Prediction数据库对P>0的靶点进行筛选。对不同潜在活性成分靶点合并去重后共获得669个成分靶点,表明滇黄精果皮提取物的潜在活性成分可能影响的靶点较为丰富,基于此,可对滇黄精果皮的功能活性进行预测。
通过查阅文献资料,发现木犀草素、柚皮素、薯蓣皂素、金合欢素等活性成分与抗炎作用相关性较高。因此,对代谢物的抗炎靶点进行预测。以“anti-inflammatory”为关键词在Gene-Cards数据库中检索疾病相关靶点,共检索到1032个抗炎相关靶点,将其与669个滇黄精果皮提取物潜在活性成分作用靶点导入Venny 2.1取交集分析,获得262个滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的潜在作用靶点(图5),占滇黄精果皮提取物潜在活性成分靶点总数的39.16%,对抗炎相关靶点的映射率为25.39%,结果表明抗炎活性可能是滇黄精果皮最主要的功能活性。
为了对滇黄精果皮提取物潜在活性成分与抗炎靶点之间的相关性进行可视化分析,将潜在活性成分及相关预测的靶点导入Cytoscape 3.10.3,获得滇黄精果皮提取物—潜在活性成分—抗炎靶点网络图(图6)。图中方块代表潜在的28种潜在活性成分,椭圆代表262个靶点基因,网络拓扑参数共包括291个节点、1088条边;节点以度值表示,即网络中节点与节点相连的边数,度值越大则潜在活性成分的颜色越深;在网络图中关联的靶点越多,即对抗炎的干预潜力越大。其中,木犀草素、香叶木素、金合欢素、芫花素和丁香素等成分的节点颜色较深,表明这些成分是抗炎功能的潜在关键成分。
将滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的潜在作用靶点上传到STRING数据库,初步得到PPI网络图(图7)。将STRING数据库中得到的结果导入Cytoscape 3.10.3中,得到262个节点、5472条边;随后以介度(Betweenness)>251.084、紧密度(Closeness)>0.002、连接度(Degree)>41.779为条件进行筛选,经Cytoscape 3.10.3优化后,最终得到52个节点、915条边。由图8可知,滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的核心靶点为肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)、AKT1、STAT3。结果表明滇黄精果皮提取物的关键活性成分具有作用多个抗炎关键蛋白以发挥抗炎功能的潜力,后续对预测的蛋白靶点进行关联,对可能的信号通路作进一步分析。
利用DAVID数据库对通过韦恩图筛选得到的262个潜在作用靶点进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析。滇黄精果皮提取物的抗炎靶点共涉及1065条GO功能条目,其中生物过程(Biological process)739条,包括凋亡过程的负调控(Negative regulation of apoptotic process)、信号转导(Signal transduction)等;细胞组成(Cellular component)94条,包括细胞质(Cytoplasm)、细胞外泌体(Extracellular exosome)等;分子功能(Molecular function)232条,包括相同蛋白质结合(Identical protein binding)、ATP结合(ATP binding)等。最终选择每个类别的前10条GO功能条目进行可视化数据分析(图9),结果表明,滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的关键生物过程为炎症反应(Inflammatory response)、胞质钙离子浓度的正向调控(Positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration);关键细胞组成为细胞质膜(Plasma membrane)、细胞质基质(Cytosol);关键分子功能为核受体活性(Nuclear receptor activity)、酶结合(Enzyme binding)。
对滇黄精果皮提取物的交集靶点进行KEGG信号通路富集分析,共获得187条信号通路,包括脂质和动脉粥样硬化(Lipid and atherosclerosis)、人巨细胞病毒感染(Human cytomegalovirus infection)、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路(AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications)等;筛选KEGG信号通路富集分析中显著性排名前20条信号通路,结果(图10)显示,滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的关键通路为癌症通路(Pathways in cancer)。
基于滇黄精果皮提取物中获得的28种潜在活性成分及其对应的靶点,结合韦恩图分析得到的潜在靶点和KEGG信号通路富集分析显著性排名前20条信号通路(表2),利用Cytoscape 3.10.3构建疾病—通路—靶点—成分—药物网络(图11)。结果显示,滇黄精果皮提取物中的主要抗炎活性成分为木犀草素、香叶木素、金合欢素、芫花素和丁香素等;滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的主要通路为癌症通路、癌症蛋白聚糖(Proteoglycans in cancer)、卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染(Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection)、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路、内分泌抵抗(Endocrine resistance)、PI3K-Akt信号通路(PI3K-Akt signaling pathway)等;连接度较高的关键靶点为糖原合酶激酶3β(GSK-3β)、PTGS2、肉瘤病毒癌基因(SRC)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、人肝细胞癌种糖醛还原酶(AKR1β1)等。表明滇黄精果皮提取物可以通过多成分—多靶点—多通路发挥抗炎功能。
滇黄精是云南大宗道地药材,药用历史悠久且市场需求量大,但其常用药食部位块茎种植周期长(3~5年),且种植过程中产生的大量果实、花等副产物未得到有效利用,造成严重的资源浪费。因此,如何实现对滇黄精资源的高效利用已成为助力相关产业增收的关键问题。本研究以药食两用的滇黄精果皮为试验材料,其活性成分以多糖和皂苷为主。多糖是细胞壁交联纤维网状结构的核心组成成分,与抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、降糖等多种功能相关,本研究中滇黄精果皮提取物总多糖含量达53.14%,高于滇黄精根茎中的总多糖含量(23.47%~28.19%)(陈泽历等,2025),可能是由于植物果实中含有丰富的果胶成分;皂苷是黄精属中重要的活性成分,与降糖、降脂、抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老等活性功能密切相关,滇黄精果皮提取物总皂苷含量(1.40%)与滇黄精块茎中的含量相近,如紫花滇黄精根茎和红花滇黄精块茎中皂苷含量分别为1.31%和1.46%,但明显高于其他非根茎部位(叶、茎秆等,含量为0.33%~0.48%)(李玲等,2021);总黄酮和总酚是植物重要的次生代谢产物,与抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌等生物活性相关,总黄酮和总酚在滇黄精块茎和果皮中含量均较低,滇黄精果皮提取物中二者含量分别为0.39%和0.12%,高于块茎中的总黄酮含量(0.11%~0.12%)和总酚含量(0.09%~0.11%)(陈泽历等,2025)。综上所述,滇黄精果皮在多糖、皂苷、黄酮、酚类等活性成分含量上优于药食两用的块茎,具有开发为功能性食品的应用潜力,但不同部位的化合物结构、种类可能存在一定差异,因此后续可进一步探究不同部位活性成分的构效关系。
滇黄精具有抗衰老、抗疲劳、保护心血管、免疫调节等功效(柳威等,2017),现代医学认为这些功效与抗氧化活性密切相关。当机体在代谢过程中产生过量活性氧,会直接启动NF-κB转录因子信号通路,增加NLRP3等炎症小体的表达和释放,促使细胞产生炎症反应;同时炎症发生后,促进巨噬细胞形成泡沫细胞,导致更多活性氧自由基产生,进而加剧炎症反应(Krzemińska et al.,2022),具备一定抗氧化活性能够增强抗炎活性。本研究评估了滇黄精果皮的体外抗氧化活性,发现滇黄精果皮提取物可与自由基结合,产生较强的抗氧化作用。滇黄精果皮提取物质量浓度为0.38、0.75和1.50 mg/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率分别为19.25%、28.48%和32.62%,与陆姝余等(2024)对发酵滇黄精DPPH自由基清除能力的测定结果相似;滇黄精果皮提取物质量浓度为0.38 mg/mL时,对ABTS阳离子自由基清除率约为10.00%,与牛世蓉等(2025)对滇黄精块茎ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力的测定结果相似。
以上研究结果表明,滇黄精果皮具有丰富的活性成分含量和较强的抗氧化活性,有助于增强其抗炎活性,是滇黄精植株中具有开发潜力的重要部位,可作为块茎的替代原料。
上述研究结果表明滇黄精果皮具有一定的应用潜力,但其主要活性化合物和功能靶点鲜有报道,因此本研究进一步利用代谢组学和网络药理学对其潜在活性化合物和相关作用靶点进行预测,为滇黄精果皮的进一步应用提供参考。在滇黄精果皮提取物的代谢组学分析中,共鉴定出822种成分,满足口服利用度≥30%、生物类药性≥0.18条件的共28种,与抗炎活性关联度较高,表明滇黄精果皮中含有丰富的抗炎功能化合物,其中的木犀草素、香叶木素、金合欢素、芫花素和丁香素是抗炎的关键功效成分,可通过作用于STAT3、IL-6、TNF等靶点起到抗炎效果(Muruganathan et al.,2022El Menyiy et al.,2023Wang et al.,2023)。此外,柚皮素、甘草查尔酮B、白果内酯等也具有潜在的抗炎作用。柚皮素已被证明可以通过炎症细胞释放的促炎介质来减轻类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠炎等炎症性疾病(Cai et al.,2023),且通过抑制TLR4/MAPK信号通路改善小鼠的类风湿性关节炎(黄浦洋等,2023),同时通过核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)的作用抑制动脉粥样硬化小鼠的血管炎症(董豆豆等,2021)。甘草查尔酮B可以抑制小鼠巨噬细胞中由于脂多糖刺激引起的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)释放,从而发挥抗炎作用(王晓敏等,2023)。白果内酯可以通过激活PGC-1α通路改善由白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)诱导的ATDC5软骨细胞炎性损伤(李亚楠等,2024)。
PPI网络及核心靶点网络图分析显示,TNF、IL-6、AKT1是滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎的潜在核心靶点。TNF是一种关键的细胞因子,由活化的巨噬细胞、单核细胞和T细胞产生,参与炎症反应、调节代谢过程和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,在维持机体免疫平衡中发挥重要作用(全惠琳等,2022)。研究发现,TNF可通过调节TNF-α信号通路降低炎症因子分泌、减轻机体的炎症反应(陆文洪等,2023)。IL-6是一种多功能促炎细胞因子,作用于上皮细胞、免疫细胞等多种靶细胞,参与调控细胞增殖、分化及免疫调节等生理过程(李莹和李彦龙,2024)。STAT3是经典的细胞内IL-6信号转导器,调控多种基因的表达和参与炎症反应。梁运特和孙平良(2021)研究发现,当机体组织中的IL-6表达异常时,通过抑制STAT3信号通路能够降低促炎因子的表达,减轻炎症反应。AKT1是一种苏氨酸/丝氨酸蛋白激酶,作为PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路中的关键分子,其被活化后通过磷酸化作用调控下游基因的表达,参与调控细胞周期进程和抑制细胞凋亡(Siddika et al.,2022)。白藜芦醇通过靶向AKT1来抑制心肌细胞中炎症小体的激活和急感神经应激后的心脏炎症反应(Wang et al.,2022)。
KEGG信号通路富集分析显示,滇黄精果皮提取物抗炎作用可能与癌症通路、脂质和动脉粥样硬化、人巨细胞病毒感染、PI3K-Akt信号通路、癌症蛋白聚糖等信号通路有关。癌症通路在调控炎症因子的表达中起着关键作用,通过抑制促炎因子(TNF、IL-6、IL-1β)的产生,调控炎症介质的表达(Afshari et al.,2023)。基于SHH/GLI-1信号通路,齐墩果酸对结直肠癌小鼠给药干预后肿瘤体积减小,血清中的TNF、IL-6、IL-1β表达降低(贾沛芝等,2024)。动脉粥样硬化是一种血管壁的慢性炎症,当血管内皮细胞经外界刺激时产生损伤,伴随着损伤程度加重和时间延长,产生大量的炎症因子,促使炎症细胞浸润(毛威等,2025)。炎症因子的参与也加快了动脉粥样硬化的发生。PI3K-Akt信号通路作为调控细胞分化、存活和凋亡的关键信号通路,其依赖Akt的磷酸化来调控多种生命活动,抑制PI3K-Akt信号通路中的磷酸化,降低炎症因子的表达及缓解炎症。研究表明,北五味子提取液通过与Akt1靶点结合,抑制PI3K-Akt信号通路的活化发挥抗炎作用(刘雪松等,2023)。
代谢组学和网络药理学的联合分析结果表明,滇黄精果皮可能具有较好的抗炎功能,且相关抗炎机制丰富,为滇黄精果皮的针对性使用提供了参考。然而,基于上述研究结果有必要进一步利用细胞或动物模型对相关靶点基因、信号通路等进行多层次的验证研究。
滇黄精果皮含有丰富的活性成分,且抗氧化活性较强,同时具有较好的抗炎活性潜力,表明其具有开发为功能性产品的潜在利用价值。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.020
  • 接收时间:2025-09-17
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-17
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    1云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南 昆明 650224
    2云南省高校大健康类森林资源开发利用工程研究中心,云南 昆明 650224
    3西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院,云南 昆明 650224
    4广西农业科学院,广西 南宁 530007
    5云南中医药大学,云南 昆明 650500
    6屏边县农业农村和科学技术推广中心,云南 红河 661200

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杨晓密(1979-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1461-6138,高级实验师,主要从事营养对人类疾病改善作用研究工作,E-mail:
方越(1991-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-2043,博士,主要从事药食资源开发利用研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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