Article(id=1302212357111964257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755964800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401219871, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401219871, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401219871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401219871, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1753, endPage=1763, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212357346845282, articleId=1302212357111964257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Genetic difference analysis of BC1F2 materials of sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus hybrids based on karyotypes and phenotypic traits, columnId=1302212259774747620, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Crop Genetics & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the genetic differences in karyotypes and phenotypic traits of BC1F2 materials of sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus hybrids and elucidate the association between phenotypic traits and chromosome numbers,providing theoretical basis for innovation and utilization of sugarcane germplasms.

Method

The BC1F1 materials 16-12 (2n=104) produced by backcrossing of sugarcane Dianzhe 01-58 (2n=100) and Erianthus fulvus (2n=20) were used for selfing to obtain 21 BC1F2 materials. The chromosome number counting,karyotype analysis,and phenotypic trait determination were performed to conduct correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis for elucidating the association between chromosome number and phenotypic traits.

Result

The chromosome numbers of the 21 BC1F2 materials fell into six types,namely 2n=98,100,102,104,106,and 108. Among the 21 BC1F2 materials,except for 20-129 whose karyotype was 3B,the karyotypes of the other 20 BC1F2 materials were 2B,showing a relatively symmetrical karyotype. The majority of chromosomes had metacentric centromeres (m),while a minority possessed submetacentric centromeres (sm),with the proportion of metacentric chromosomes ranging from 57.00% to 87.25%. The coefficients of variation of phenotypic traits of BC1F2 materials and the parent 16-12,as well as Erianthus fulvus ranged from 9.32% to 42.59%,with an average coefficient of variation of 20.71%. Different degrees of correlations were found between seven phenotypic traits and chromosome number,and extremely significant positive correlations were found between plant height and single-stalk weight,between stalk diameter and leaf width,single-stalk weight,chromosome number,between leaf width and single-stalk weight,chromosome number,and between single-stalk weight and chromosome number (P<0.01,the same below). Extremely significant negative correlations were observed between brix and plant height,single-stalk weight,between plant height and leaf length,and between internode length and chromosome number. Significant positive correlation was found between plant height and internode length. Significant negative correlations were observed between brix and internode length,between stem diameter and internode length,and between leaf length and single-talk weight. Principal component analysis results showed that the first three principal components exhibited cumulative contribution rate of 77.92%,with the first principal component (PC1) showing an eigenvalue of 3.11 and a contribution rate of 38.91%,and chromosome number,single-talk weight,leaf width,and stalk diame-ter were principal determination factors. Cluster analysis showed that the BC1F2 materials and the parents (16-12 and Erian-thus fulvus) were divided into five groups. Group I consisted of eight materials,characterized mainly by long leaves;Group II consisted of six materials,characterized mainly by wide leaves;Group III contained only one material,characterized mainly by high brix;Group IV contained seven materials,characterized mainly by greater plant height and high single-stalk weight;Group V contained only one material,Erianthus fulvus,characterized mainly by long internodes,lower stalk diameter,and low brix.

Conclusion

Correlations of varying degrees are found between phenotypic traits and chromosome number of BC1F2 materials,demonstrating that obvious genetic differences in phenotypic traits are due to different chromosome numbers of BC1F2 materials. These hybrid progeny materials with Erianthus fulvus genetic background can be used for subsequent sugarcane breeding.

, authors=Wei-jie MAO, Duo JIN, Ting ZHANG, Hong-bo LOU, Li-lian HE, Fu-sheng LI, Qing-hui YANG, Xian-hong WANG, authorsList=Wei-jie MAO, Duo JIN, Ting ZHANG, Hong-bo LOU, Li-lian HE, Fu-sheng LI, Qing-hui YANG, Xian-hong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xian-hong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212358676439657, articleId=1302212357111964257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=基于核型和表型性状的甘蔗与蔗茅杂交BC1F2材料遗传差异分析, columnId=1302212260148040678, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析甘蔗与蔗茅杂交BC1F2材料的核型和表型性状遗传差异,以期解析表型性状与染色体数目之间存在的关联,为甘蔗种质创新及利用提供理论依据。

方法

对甘蔗滇蔗01-58(2n=100)与蔗茅(2n=20)回交得到的BC1F1材料16-12(2n=104)进行自交,获得21份BC1F2材料,对其进行染色体数目统计、核型分析、表型性状测定,并进行相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,系统解析染色体数目与表型性状之间存在的关联。

结果

21份BC1F2材料的染色体数目呈现2n=98、100、102、104、106、108共6种类型。21份BC1F2材料中,除20-129的核型为3B外,其余20份BC1F2材料核型均为2B,核型较对称;大部分染色体属于着丝点位于中部(m),少部分染色体属于着丝点位于近中部(sm),其中中部着丝点染色体占比为57.00%~87.25%。BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅表型性状的变异系数为9.32%~42.59%,平均变异系数为20.71%。7个表型性状与染色体数目间呈不同程度的相关性,其中株高与单茎重,茎径与叶宽、单茎重、染色体数目,叶宽与单茎重、染色体数目,单茎重与染色体数目呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);锤度与株高、单茎重,株高与叶长,节间长与染色体数目呈极显著负相关;株高与节间长呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同);锤度与节间长,茎径与节间长,叶长与单茎重呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分的累计贡献率为77.92%,其中,第一主成分(PC1)的特征值为3.11,贡献率为38.91%,染色体数目、单茎重、叶宽和茎径为主要决定因子。聚类分析结果显示,BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅分为五大类群,第Ⅰ类共8份材料,主要特征是叶片较长;第Ⅱ类共6份材料,主要特征是叶片较宽;第Ⅲ类仅有1份材料,主要特征是锤度较高;第Ⅳ类共7份材料,主要特征是植株较高和单茎较重;第Ⅴ类仅有1份材料为蔗茅,主要特征是节间较长、茎径较小和锤度较低。

结论

BC1F2材料的表型性状与染色体数目存在不同程度相关性,表明BC1F2材料间因染色体数目不同而存在明显的表型性状遗传差异,这些含蔗茅血缘的杂种后代材料可用于后续甘蔗育种。

, authors=毛伟杰, 靳铎, 张婷, 娄红波, 何丽莲, 李富生, 杨清辉, 王先宏*, *, authorsList=毛伟杰, 靳铎, 张婷, 娄红波, 何丽莲, 李富生, 杨清辉, 王先宏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王先宏, authorNote=

毛伟杰(1997-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5952-703X,研究方向为甘蔗抗逆育种及品种改良,E-mail:

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王先宏(1977-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-8502,博士,副教授,主要从事甘蔗遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
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Chromosome Research:An International Journal on the Molecular,Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology30(1):29-41., articleTitle=A comprehensive molecular cytogenetic analysis of the genome architecture in modern sugarcane cultivars, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212378708435710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, doi=10.1111/nph.17905, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=233, issue=4, pageStart=1953, pageEnd=1965, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=76, authorNames=Yu F, Zhao X W, Chai J, Ding X E, Li X T, Huang Y J, Wang X H, Wu J Y, Zhang M Q, Yang Q H, Deng Z H, Jiang J M, journalName=New Phytologist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu FZhao X WChai JDing X ELi X THuang Y JWang X HWu J YZhang M QYang Q HDeng Z HJiang J M. 2022. Chromosome-specific painting unveils chromosomal fusions and distinct allopolyploid species in the Saccharum complex[J]. New Phytologist233(4):1953-1965., articleTitle=Chromosome-specific painting unveils chromosomal fusions and distinct allopolyploid species in the Saccharum complex, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212358970040938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212358978429547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, companyId=1302212358970040938, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212358986818156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, companyId=1302212358970040938, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南 昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212363445363357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Chromosome morphology,chromosome pairing,and karyotypic patterns of BC1F2 materials 20-118 and 20-128, figureFileSmall=NYvOcCoXzrxgfTXjRExQBg==, figureFileBig=V00RwJEuGSrJhTbMKtQRzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212365043393182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=图1, caption=BC1F2材料20-118和20-128的染色体形态、染色体配对和核型模式

A~C分别为20-118染色体形态、染色体配对和核型模式;D~F分别为20-128染色体形态、染色体配对和核型模式。比例尺=10 μm

, figureFileSmall=NYvOcCoXzrxgfTXjRExQBg==, figureFileBig=V00RwJEuGSrJhTbMKtQRzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212365295051423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Chromosome morphology,chromosome pairing,and karyotypic patterns of BC1F2 materials 20-107 and 20-116, figureFileSmall=VM67IDqjcUyDt/tXmScQ1A==, figureFileBig=VEIMRB5k+jOoCwG8MrO1tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212365399909024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=图2, caption=BC1F2材料20-107和20-116的染色体形态、染色体配对和核型模式

A~C分别为20-107染色体形态、染色体配对和核型模式;D~F分别为20-116染色体形态、染色体配对和核型模式。比例尺=10 μm

, figureFileSmall=VM67IDqjcUyDt/tXmScQ1A==, figureFileBig=VEIMRB5k+jOoCwG8MrO1tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212365496378017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Cluster analysis results based on seven phenotypic traits and chromosome number, figureFileSmall=RKhgnMrcxEwTgxpmec0Vjw==, figureFileBig=ZsZv1+LvwroAEcJQTFQXyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212365563486882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于7个表型性状和染色体数目的聚类分析结果, figureFileSmall=RKhgnMrcxEwTgxpmec0Vjw==, figureFileBig=ZsZv1+LvwroAEcJQTFQXyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212365638984355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information and sources of tested materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
Number
材料名称
Material
来源
Source
备注
Note
120-9816-12自交BC1F2
220-10016-12自交BC1F2
320-10116-12自交BC1F2
420-10216-12自交BC1F2
520-10516-12自交BC1F2
620-10616-12自交BC1F2
720-10716-12自交BC1F2
820-10816-12自交BC1F2
920-11116-12自交BC1F2
1020-11316-12自交BC1F2
1120-11416-12自交BC1F2
1220-11616-12自交BC1F2
1320-11816-12自交BC1F2
1420-11916-12自交BC1F2
1520-12216-12自交BC1F2
1620-12316-12自交BC1F2
1720-12416-12自交BC1F2
1820-12616-12自交BC1F2
1920-12816-12自交BC1F2
2020-12916-12自交BC1F2
2120-13016-12自交BC1F2
2216-12滇蔗01-58×蔗茅BC1F1
23蔗茅--
), ArticleFig(id=1302212365735453348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试材料信息及来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
Number
材料名称
Material
来源
Source
备注
Note
120-9816-12自交BC1F2
220-10016-12自交BC1F2
320-10116-12自交BC1F2
420-10216-12自交BC1F2
520-10516-12自交BC1F2
620-10616-12自交BC1F2
720-10716-12自交BC1F2
820-10816-12自交BC1F2
920-11116-12自交BC1F2
1020-11316-12自交BC1F2
1120-11416-12自交BC1F2
1220-11616-12自交BC1F2
1320-11816-12自交BC1F2
1420-11916-12自交BC1F2
1520-12216-12自交BC1F2
1620-12316-12自交BC1F2
1720-12416-12自交BC1F2
1820-12616-12自交BC1F2
1920-12816-12自交BC1F2
2020-12916-12自交BC1F2
2120-13016-12自交BC1F2
2216-12滇蔗01-58×蔗茅BC1F1
23蔗茅--
), ArticleFig(id=1302212365848699557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chromosome counting results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称
Material
染色体数目(2n)
Chromosome number (2n)
染色体数目变化范围
Variation range of chromosome number
20-98108108~110
20-10010492~106
20-10110488~104
20-10210690~106
20-10510688~107
20-106106100~108
20-10710684~108
20-10810482~108
20-11110488~104
20-1139888~108
20-11410490~108
20-11610894~108
20-11810292~104
20-11910292~104
20-122106102~106
20-12310492~104
20-12410897~108
20-12610692~106
20-12810073~106
20-12910096~110
20-130106102~108
), ArticleFig(id=1302212365936779942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

染色体计数结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称
Material
染色体数目(2n)
Chromosome number (2n)
染色体数目变化范围
Variation range of chromosome number
20-98108108~110
20-10010492~106
20-10110488~104
20-10210690~106
20-10510688~107
20-106106100~108
20-10710684~108
20-10810482~108
20-11110488~104
20-1139888~108
20-11410490~108
20-11610894~108
20-11810292~104
20-11910292~104
20-122106102~106
20-12310492~104
20-12410897~108
20-12610692~106
20-12810073~106
20-12910096~110
20-130106102~108
), ArticleFig(id=1302212366033248935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Karyotype analysis results of BC1F2 generation materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称
Material
臂比>2的百分比
Percentage of arm ratio >2
核型公式
Karyotype formula
染色体长度组成
Chromosome length composition
核型不对称系数(%)
Karyotype asymmetry coefficient
核型类型
Karyotype type
中部着丝点染色体百分比(%)
Percentage of metacentric centromere chromosome
染色体长度比
Chromosome length ratio
染色体相对长度范围
Chromosome relative length range
中部着丝染色体百分比/核型不对称系数
Percentage of metacentric centromere chromosome/karyotype asymmetry coefficient
20-989.262n=108=87m+19sm+2t10L+51M1+40M2+7S60.052B80.562.170.60~1.311.34
20-1005.772n=104=86m+13sm+5t12L+48M1+34M2+10S57.622B82.692.200.65~1.431.44
20-1012.882n=104=84m+19sm+1st11L+47M1+40M2+6S59.372B80.772.240.62~1.381.36
20-1024.272n=106=84m+18sm+4t11L+52M1+37M2+6S58.892B79.252.220.62~1.381.35
20-1057.562n=106=90m+15sm+1t10L+50M1+40M2+6S57.542B84.912.310.61~1.401.48
20-10611.322n=106=85m+19sm+2t16L+42M1+35M2+13S58.912B80.192.770.57~1.571.36
20-1074.712n=106=84m+14sm+8t13L+47M1+35M2+11S56.732B79.263.040.50~1.521.40
20-10810.582n=104=81m+17sm+1st+5t9L+55M1+37M2+3S58.412B77.882.120.67~1.421.33
20-1112.882n=104=84m+13sm+7t15L+50M1+31M2+8S57.502B80.772.410.62~1.491.40
20-1136.122n=98=74m+21sm+3t11L+44M1+36M2+7S59.362B75.512.340.66~1.541.27
20-1147.692n=104=80m+16sm+8t12L+41M1+39M2+12S57.852B76.922.350.61~1.431.33
20-1169.262n=108=90m+17sm+1t14L+51M1+29M2+14S58.232B83.332.400.62~1.491.43
20-1185.882n=102=89m+12sm+1t11L+46M1+32M2+13S58.102B87.252.410.63~1.511.50
20-1197.842n=102=76m+22sm++1st+3t8L+46M1+41M2+7S59.432B74.512.150.62~1.341.25
20-1229.432n=106=86m+16sm+4t17L+49M1+31M2+9S57.692B81.132.580.58~1.501.41
20-1234.812n=104=86m+17sm+1t13L+56M1+27M2+8S58.522B82.692.150.66~1.411.41
20-1244.632n=108=87m+13sm+8t9L+50M1+40M2+9S57.442B80.562.390.57~1.361.40
20-1261.892n=106=91m+8sm+7t11L+45M1+40M2+10S57.072B85.852.140.65~1.381.50
20-1283.002n=100=80m+8sm+12t8L+47M1+37M2+8S55.582B80.002.460.62~1.531.44
20-12923.002n=100=57m+41sm+2t11L+37M1+40M2+12S62.333B57.002.580.64~1.580.91
20-1308.492n=106=79m+24sm+3t10L+58M1+33M2+5S59.692B74.522.100.68~1.431.25
), ArticleFig(id=1302212366125523624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

BC1F2代材料核型分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称
Material
臂比>2的百分比
Percentage of arm ratio >2
核型公式
Karyotype formula
染色体长度组成
Chromosome length composition
核型不对称系数(%)
Karyotype asymmetry coefficient
核型类型
Karyotype type
中部着丝点染色体百分比(%)
Percentage of metacentric centromere chromosome
染色体长度比
Chromosome length ratio
染色体相对长度范围
Chromosome relative length range
中部着丝染色体百分比/核型不对称系数
Percentage of metacentric centromere chromosome/karyotype asymmetry coefficient
20-989.262n=108=87m+19sm+2t10L+51M1+40M2+7S60.052B80.562.170.60~1.311.34
20-1005.772n=104=86m+13sm+5t12L+48M1+34M2+10S57.622B82.692.200.65~1.431.44
20-1012.882n=104=84m+19sm+1st11L+47M1+40M2+6S59.372B80.772.240.62~1.381.36
20-1024.272n=106=84m+18sm+4t11L+52M1+37M2+6S58.892B79.252.220.62~1.381.35
20-1057.562n=106=90m+15sm+1t10L+50M1+40M2+6S57.542B84.912.310.61~1.401.48
20-10611.322n=106=85m+19sm+2t16L+42M1+35M2+13S58.912B80.192.770.57~1.571.36
20-1074.712n=106=84m+14sm+8t13L+47M1+35M2+11S56.732B79.263.040.50~1.521.40
20-10810.582n=104=81m+17sm+1st+5t9L+55M1+37M2+3S58.412B77.882.120.67~1.421.33
20-1112.882n=104=84m+13sm+7t15L+50M1+31M2+8S57.502B80.772.410.62~1.491.40
20-1136.122n=98=74m+21sm+3t11L+44M1+36M2+7S59.362B75.512.340.66~1.541.27
20-1147.692n=104=80m+16sm+8t12L+41M1+39M2+12S57.852B76.922.350.61~1.431.33
20-1169.262n=108=90m+17sm+1t14L+51M1+29M2+14S58.232B83.332.400.62~1.491.43
20-1185.882n=102=89m+12sm+1t11L+46M1+32M2+13S58.102B87.252.410.63~1.511.50
20-1197.842n=102=76m+22sm++1st+3t8L+46M1+41M2+7S59.432B74.512.150.62~1.341.25
20-1229.432n=106=86m+16sm+4t17L+49M1+31M2+9S57.692B81.132.580.58~1.501.41
20-1234.812n=104=86m+17sm+1t13L+56M1+27M2+8S58.522B82.692.150.66~1.411.41
20-1244.632n=108=87m+13sm+8t9L+50M1+40M2+9S57.442B80.562.390.57~1.361.40
20-1261.892n=106=91m+8sm+7t11L+45M1+40M2+10S57.072B85.852.140.65~1.381.50
20-1283.002n=100=80m+8sm+12t8L+47M1+37M2+8S55.582B80.002.460.62~1.531.44
20-12923.002n=100=57m+41sm+2t11L+37M1+40M2+12S62.333B57.002.580.64~1.580.91
20-1308.492n=106=79m+24sm+3t10L+58M1+33M2+5S59.692B74.522.100.68~1.431.25
), ArticleFig(id=1302212366226186921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Phenotypic trait diversity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型性状
Phenotypic trait
平均值
Average
最大值
Maximum
最小值
Minimum
标准偏差
Standard deviation
极差
Range
变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
锤度(%) Brix18.6010.8014.247.801.6811.78
株高(cm) Plant height270.8070.80189.51200.0041.3321.81
茎径(cm) Stalk diameter3.210.832.332.380.4619.91
节间长(cm) Internode length21.305.2013.3316.102.7320.46
叶长(cm) Leaf length180.40123.00148.5657.4013.859.32
叶宽(cm) Leaf width6.802.304.454.500.8519.15
单茎重(kg) Single-stalk weight1.760.040.811.720.3442.59
), ArticleFig(id=1302212366314267306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

表型性状多样性分析

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表型性状
Phenotypic trait
平均值
Average
最大值
Maximum
最小值
Minimum
标准偏差
Standard deviation
极差
Range
变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
锤度(%) Brix18.6010.8014.247.801.6811.78
株高(cm) Plant height270.8070.80189.51200.0041.3321.81
茎径(cm) Stalk diameter3.210.832.332.380.4619.91
节间长(cm) Internode length21.305.2013.3316.102.7320.46
叶长(cm) Leaf length180.40123.00148.5657.4013.859.32
叶宽(cm) Leaf width6.802.304.454.500.8519.15
单茎重(kg) Single-stalk weight1.760.040.811.720.3442.59
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Correlation analysis of phenotypic traits and chromosome number

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指标
Indicator
锤度
Brix
株高
Plant height
茎径
Stalk diameter
节间长
Internode length
叶长
Leaf length
叶宽
Leaf width
单茎重
Single-stalk weight
染色体数目
Chromosome number
锤度 Brix1.00
株高 Plant height-0.49**1.00
茎径 Stalk diameter-0.080.221.00
节间长 Internode length-0.24*0.24*-0.30*1.00
叶长 Leaf length0.01-0.32**-0.120.121.00
叶宽 Leaf width-0.160.080.66**-0.14-0.021.00
单茎重 Single-stalk weight-0.38**0.67**0.75**-0.07-0.26*0.51**1.00
染色体数目 Chromosome number0.210.000.69**-0.56**-0.010.52**0.45**1.00
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表型性状与染色体数目相关分析

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指标
Indicator
锤度
Brix
株高
Plant height
茎径
Stalk diameter
节间长
Internode length
叶长
Leaf length
叶宽
Leaf width
单茎重
Single-stalk weight
染色体数目
Chromosome number
锤度 Brix1.00
株高 Plant height-0.49**1.00
茎径 Stalk diameter-0.080.221.00
节间长 Internode length-0.24*0.24*-0.30*1.00
叶长 Leaf length0.01-0.32**-0.120.121.00
叶宽 Leaf width-0.160.080.66**-0.14-0.021.00
单茎重 Single-stalk weight-0.38**0.67**0.75**-0.07-0.26*0.51**1.00
染色体数目 Chromosome number0.210.000.69**-0.56**-0.010.52**0.45**1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1302212366540759726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Principal component analysis of phenotypic traits and chromosome number

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指标
Indicator
因子载荷 Factor loading
PC1PC2PC3
锤度Brix-0.11-0.800.01
株高Plant height0.200.71-0.52
茎径Stalk diameter0.910.04-0.12
节间长Internode length-0.410.670.23
叶长Leaf length0.010.030.92
叶宽Leaf width0.810.120.15
单茎重Single-stalk weight0.740.46-0.36
染色体数目Chromosome number0.83-0.38-0.06
特征值Eigenvalue3.112.021.10
贡献率(%) Contribution rate38.9125.2413.77
累计贡献率(%)Cumulative contribution rate38.9164.1577.92
), ArticleFig(id=1302212366607868591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212357111964257, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

表型性状和染色体数目主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
因子载荷 Factor loading
PC1PC2PC3
锤度Brix-0.11-0.800.01
株高Plant height0.200.71-0.52
茎径Stalk diameter0.910.04-0.12
节间长Internode length-0.410.670.23
叶长Leaf length0.010.030.92
叶宽Leaf width0.810.120.15
单茎重Single-stalk weight0.740.46-0.36
染色体数目Chromosome number0.83-0.38-0.06
特征值Eigenvalue3.112.021.10
贡献率(%) Contribution rate38.9125.2413.77
累计贡献率(%)Cumulative contribution rate38.9164.1577.92
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基于核型和表型性状的甘蔗与蔗茅杂交BC1F2材料遗传差异分析
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毛伟杰 , 靳铎 , 张婷 , 娄红波 , 何丽莲 , 李富生 , 杨清辉 , 王先宏 *, *
南方农业学报 | 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026,57(6): 1753-1763
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南方农业学报 |作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026 , 57 (6) : 1753 -1763
基于核型和表型性状的甘蔗与蔗茅杂交BC1F2材料遗传差异分析
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毛伟杰 , 靳铎, 张婷, 娄红波, 何丽莲, 李富生, 杨清辉, 王先宏*, *
作者信息
  • 1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南 昆明 650201
通讯作者:
王先宏(1977-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-8502,博士,副教授,主要从事甘蔗遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

毛伟杰(1997-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5952-703X,研究方向为甘蔗抗逆育种及品种改良,E-mail:

Genetic difference analysis of BC1F2 materials of sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus hybrids based on karyotypes and phenotypic traits
Wei-jie MAO , Duo JIN, Ting ZHANG, Hong-bo LOU, Li-lian HE, Fu-sheng LI, Qing-hui YANG, Xian-hong WANG
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.012
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目的

分析甘蔗与蔗茅杂交BC1F2材料的核型和表型性状遗传差异,以期解析表型性状与染色体数目之间存在的关联,为甘蔗种质创新及利用提供理论依据。

方法

对甘蔗滇蔗01-58(2n=100)与蔗茅(2n=20)回交得到的BC1F1材料16-12(2n=104)进行自交,获得21份BC1F2材料,对其进行染色体数目统计、核型分析、表型性状测定,并进行相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,系统解析染色体数目与表型性状之间存在的关联。

结果

21份BC1F2材料的染色体数目呈现2n=98、100、102、104、106、108共6种类型。21份BC1F2材料中,除20-129的核型为3B外,其余20份BC1F2材料核型均为2B,核型较对称;大部分染色体属于着丝点位于中部(m),少部分染色体属于着丝点位于近中部(sm),其中中部着丝点染色体占比为57.00%~87.25%。BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅表型性状的变异系数为9.32%~42.59%,平均变异系数为20.71%。7个表型性状与染色体数目间呈不同程度的相关性,其中株高与单茎重,茎径与叶宽、单茎重、染色体数目,叶宽与单茎重、染色体数目,单茎重与染色体数目呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);锤度与株高、单茎重,株高与叶长,节间长与染色体数目呈极显著负相关;株高与节间长呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同);锤度与节间长,茎径与节间长,叶长与单茎重呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分的累计贡献率为77.92%,其中,第一主成分(PC1)的特征值为3.11,贡献率为38.91%,染色体数目、单茎重、叶宽和茎径为主要决定因子。聚类分析结果显示,BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅分为五大类群,第Ⅰ类共8份材料,主要特征是叶片较长;第Ⅱ类共6份材料,主要特征是叶片较宽;第Ⅲ类仅有1份材料,主要特征是锤度较高;第Ⅳ类共7份材料,主要特征是植株较高和单茎较重;第Ⅴ类仅有1份材料为蔗茅,主要特征是节间较长、茎径较小和锤度较低。

结论

BC1F2材料的表型性状与染色体数目存在不同程度相关性,表明BC1F2材料间因染色体数目不同而存在明显的表型性状遗传差异,这些含蔗茅血缘的杂种后代材料可用于后续甘蔗育种。

甘蔗  /  蔗茅  /  核型分析  /  表型性状
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the genetic differences in karyotypes and phenotypic traits of BC1F2 materials of sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus hybrids and elucidate the association between phenotypic traits and chromosome numbers,providing theoretical basis for innovation and utilization of sugarcane germplasms.

Method

The BC1F1 materials 16-12 (2n=104) produced by backcrossing of sugarcane Dianzhe 01-58 (2n=100) and Erianthus fulvus (2n=20) were used for selfing to obtain 21 BC1F2 materials. The chromosome number counting,karyotype analysis,and phenotypic trait determination were performed to conduct correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis for elucidating the association between chromosome number and phenotypic traits.

Result

The chromosome numbers of the 21 BC1F2 materials fell into six types,namely 2n=98,100,102,104,106,and 108. Among the 21 BC1F2 materials,except for 20-129 whose karyotype was 3B,the karyotypes of the other 20 BC1F2 materials were 2B,showing a relatively symmetrical karyotype. The majority of chromosomes had metacentric centromeres (m),while a minority possessed submetacentric centromeres (sm),with the proportion of metacentric chromosomes ranging from 57.00% to 87.25%. The coefficients of variation of phenotypic traits of BC1F2 materials and the parent 16-12,as well as Erianthus fulvus ranged from 9.32% to 42.59%,with an average coefficient of variation of 20.71%. Different degrees of correlations were found between seven phenotypic traits and chromosome number,and extremely significant positive correlations were found between plant height and single-stalk weight,between stalk diameter and leaf width,single-stalk weight,chromosome number,between leaf width and single-stalk weight,chromosome number,and between single-stalk weight and chromosome number (P<0.01,the same below). Extremely significant negative correlations were observed between brix and plant height,single-stalk weight,between plant height and leaf length,and between internode length and chromosome number. Significant positive correlation was found between plant height and internode length. Significant negative correlations were observed between brix and internode length,between stem diameter and internode length,and between leaf length and single-talk weight. Principal component analysis results showed that the first three principal components exhibited cumulative contribution rate of 77.92%,with the first principal component (PC1) showing an eigenvalue of 3.11 and a contribution rate of 38.91%,and chromosome number,single-talk weight,leaf width,and stalk diame-ter were principal determination factors. Cluster analysis showed that the BC1F2 materials and the parents (16-12 and Erian-thus fulvus) were divided into five groups. Group I consisted of eight materials,characterized mainly by long leaves;Group II consisted of six materials,characterized mainly by wide leaves;Group III contained only one material,characterized mainly by high brix;Group IV contained seven materials,characterized mainly by greater plant height and high single-stalk weight;Group V contained only one material,Erianthus fulvus,characterized mainly by long internodes,lower stalk diameter,and low brix.

Conclusion

Correlations of varying degrees are found between phenotypic traits and chromosome number of BC1F2 materials,demonstrating that obvious genetic differences in phenotypic traits are due to different chromosome numbers of BC1F2 materials. These hybrid progeny materials with Erianthus fulvus genetic background can be used for subsequent sugarcane breeding.

sugarcane  /  Erianthus fulvus  /  karyotype analysis  /  phenotypic traits
毛伟杰, 靳铎, 张婷, 娄红波, 何丽莲, 李富生, 杨清辉, 王先宏. 基于核型和表型性状的甘蔗与蔗茅杂交BC1F2材料遗传差异分析. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1753 -1763 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.012
Wei-jie MAO, Duo JIN, Ting ZHANG, Hong-bo LOU, Li-lian HE, Fu-sheng LI, Qing-hui YANG, Xian-hong WANG. Genetic difference analysis of BC1F2 materials of sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus hybrids based on karyotypes and phenotypic traits[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1753 -1763 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.012
【研究意义】甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)属于禾本科甘蔗属(Saccharum)的C4植物,是热带和亚热带地区重要的农业经济作物,不仅是主要糖料作物,还是生物能源的重要原料(Hoang et al.,2015谢蒙潇等,2024王燕等,2025)。作为全球重要的糖料作物之一,甘蔗产量占全球食糖总产量的80%左右(张跃彬和吴才文,2017)。现代甘蔗品种的血缘主要来自热带种(Saccharum officinarum)和割手密(Saccharum spontaneum),其遗传基础狭隘,导致甘蔗育种群体严重缺乏遗传变异并限制甘蔗品种改良(Piperidis et al.,2010)。种质资源的收集、利用和创新是甘蔗育种的基础,甘蔗品种改良和突破性育种的重要成就主要依赖于这些资源的发掘和利用(王丽萍等,2003黄玉新等,2025)。在深入挖掘甘蔗复合体种质资源和基因的基础上,通过自然突变和人工突变相结合,不断丰富和拓宽甘蔗品种的遗传基础(Lu et al.,2024)。近缘属中的野生种可拓宽甘蔗遗传基础,具有重要的种质资源价值(黄玉新等,2023)。现代甘蔗育种目标是高产、高糖、抗逆性“强”和适应机械化。蔗茅(Erianthus fulvus)是甘蔗亚族蔗茅属的野生种,具有抗旱、抗寒、耐贫瘠和高锤度等优良性状,在甘蔗抗性及高糖育种中具有利用价值(Kui et al.,2023)。通过对甘蔗与蔗茅进行远缘杂交,引入蔗茅血缘,拓宽甘蔗的遗传基础。将蔗茅中优良性状导入甘蔗中,从而选育出抗逆性强、锤度高、产量高的品种(Qi et al.,2021)。因此,研究甘蔗与蔗茅杂交后代对拓宽甘蔗遗传基础及甘蔗育种具有重要的遗传学意义。【前人研究进展】植物染色体作为遗传信息载体,调控植物的整个生长发育过程。核型分析主要研究染色体数目及形态差异,通过细胞学上的差异来鉴别不同物种,可用于甘蔗杂交后代的鉴定(文明富等,2020)。甘蔗是高度复杂的异源多倍体或非整倍体植物(Wang et al.,2022),且染色体组成及传递方式复杂,不符合细胞学规律,在其远缘杂交后代染色体的遗传方式有2n+n、n+n、n+2n等(Chai et al.,2023)。Huang等(2015)利用原位杂交技术对甘蔗属间杂交的染色体传递类型进行研究,结果显示,由BC2和BC3组成的17个后代是由n+n染色体遗传产生。Yu等(2022)对甘蔗复合体中的5个物种进行核型分析,包括单个染色体的臂比和相对长度,结果发现热带种和新几内亚野生蔗(Saccharum robustum)有高度相似的核型。在传递过程中,因双亲的配子数有增有减,造成染色体在后代材料中的传递方式存在不平衡现象(Deng et al.,2010)。目前有关甘蔗表型研究较多,如Tena等(2016)对400个甘蔗品种的农艺性状进行相关分析,结果发现测定的农艺性状均存在极显著差异;谭秦亮等(2022)对10个甘蔗品种(系)的主要农艺性状及产量进行评价,结果显示各性状间存在不同程度的相关性,在新植蔗中,蔗茎产量与出苗率、有效茎数、产糖量呈极显著正相关,产糖量与出苗率、有效茎数呈显著正相关;在宿根蔗中,蔗茎产量与产糖量呈极显著正相关,与茎径呈显著负相关。唐仕云等(2016)、谢静等(2022)基于甘蔗表型性状对国内外甘蔗种质资源进行多样性分析。周珊等(2023)对160份国内甘蔗品种遗传多样性进行分析,结果表明国内甘蔗种质资源变异丰富。杨翠芳等(2024)研究发现164份桂糖系列甘蔗种质资源的质量性状和数量性状变异较大,遗传多样性丰富。上述研究表明甘蔗表型性状的评价与鉴定是研究甘蔗种质资源遗传多样性途径之一。然而,有关染色体数目与甘蔗表型性状之间关系的研究较少,如Pachakkil等(2019)研究表明,甘蔗与班茅杂交后代的班茅染色体数目与干物质产量、有效茎重、单茎重及茎径呈显著正相关。【本研究切入点】在甘蔗杂交育种中,多以热带种质及少部分印度种质和中国种质作为糖分基因的来源,而抗病基因的来源以割手密为主(邓海华,2012)。对于其他野生近缘属则利用较少。因此,为了拓宽甘蔗遗传基础,将甘蔗栽培原种崖城89-9与昆明蔗茅进行杂交,从中选育出适合在高海拔地区种植的高原甘蔗新品种滇蔗01-58(李嫒甜等,2018)。为进一步加强杂交后代的蔗茅血缘,通过滇蔗01-58与昆明蔗茅回交得到的BC1F1材料16-12进行自交,获得一批含蔗茅血缘的BC1F2材料(靳铎等,2025),但目前未对其进行遗传差异分析。【拟解决的关键问题】对甘蔗滇蔗01-58与昆明蔗茅回交得到的BC1F1材料16-12进行自交,获得21份BC1F2材料,通过核型分析、表型性状分析、相关分析、主成分分析及聚类分析,系统解析染色体数目与表型性状的关系,以期为这些材料在甘蔗杂交育种中的利用提供科学依据。
对滇蔗01-58(2n=100)与蔗茅(2n=20)回交得到的BC1F1材料16-12(2n=104)进行自交获得21份BC1F2材料,以21份BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅为试验材料(表1),集中种植于云南农业大学甘蔗所甘蔗资源圃。
将供试材料进行盆栽培养,置于温室大棚中,待其长到合适时期,采取幼嫩、粗壮根尖。染色体玻片制备方法参考陈瑞阳(1979)、D'Hont(1996)的去壁低渗法并加以改良。将根尖用0.04%的8-羟基喹啉进行预处理2~3 h,接着用卡诺固定液(无水乙醇∶冰乙酸=3∶1)清洗3次后置于4 ℃冰箱内固定3 d,然后用70%酒精清洗并保存在4 ℃冰箱中备用。制备染色体玻片时,首先将根尖用纯水清洗一次后用纯水浸泡10 min,吸水纸吸干根尖表面水分后用0.25 mol/L HCl进行酸解10 min,纯水清洗3次后浸泡10 min,再用柠檬酸缓冲液(将1.47 g柠檬酸、1.05 g柠檬酸钠和2.8 g氯化钾溶于500 mL纯水中,调节pH至4.5)浸泡10 min,切取根尖置于离心管中于37 ℃酶解(5%纤维素酶和1%果胶酶混合液)1.5~3 h,酶解结束后纯水清洗3次并低渗60 min,最后使用改良苯酚品红染色压片。用Imager A2显微镜(德国蔡氏公司)观察选取每个材料20个染色体分散好的完整分裂相进行拍照,取众数进行染色体计数。
于成熟期对参试材料进行表型性状测定,每份材料选取3株进行株高、叶长、叶宽、节间长、单茎重、茎径和锤度测定。测定标准参考《甘蔗种质资源描述规范和数据标准》(蔡青和范源洪,2006)。
核型分析方法参考李懋学和陈瑞阳(1985)的报道,利用Ikaros、Excel 2016等软件进行染色体配对、核型模式图绘制。表型数据利用Excel 2016、SPSS 26.0等软件进行相关分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。
甘蔗体细胞染色体数目多,在同一个体的不同组织或不同时期的细胞中染色体数目也均不恒定(张华和林彦铨,2001)。由表2可知,21份BC1F2材料(20-98、20-100、20-101、20-102、20-105、20-106、20-107、20-108、20-111、20-113、20-114、20-116、20-118、20-119、20-122、20-123、20-124、20-126、20-128、20-129、20-130)的染色体数目呈现2n=98、100、102、104、106、108共6种类型,其中20-128的染色体数目变化范围最大,为73~106条,20-98的染色体数目变化范围最小,为108~110条。
对BC1F2材料的核型分析结果(表3)显示,除20-129的核型为3B外,其余20份BC1F2材料核型均为2B,核型较对称;21份材料的大部分染色体属于着丝点位于中部(m),少部分属于着丝点位于近中部(sm),其中着丝点位于中部的染色体占比在57.00%~87.25%。部分材料核型分析结果如图1图2所示。根据核不对称系数分析结果(表3)显示,BC1F2材料的核不对称系数为55.58%~62.33%,染色体均为较原始的类型,但核型参数存在一定差异。
表型性状多样性分析结果(表4)显示,BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅的变异系数为9.32%~42.59%,平均变异系数为20.72%,其中变异系数最大的是单茎重,变异系数最小的是叶长,表明在自交后代中单茎重的遗传多样性较高,叶长的遗传多样性较低。
对BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅的锤度、株高、叶长、叶宽、节间长、茎径、单茎重和染色体数目进行相关分析,结果如表5所示。呈极显著相关的性状有11对(P<0.01),其中呈正相关的性状有7对,分别为株高与单茎重,茎径与叶宽、单茎重、染色体数目,叶宽与单茎重、染色体数目,单茎重与染色体数目;呈负相关的性状有4对,分别为锤度与株高、单茎重,株高与叶长,节间长与染色体数目。呈显著相关的性状有4对(P<0.05),其中呈正相关的性状仅有1对,为株高与节间长;呈负相关的性状有3对,分别为锤度与节间长,茎径与节间长,叶长与单茎重。甘蔗锤度作为衡量蔗茎成熟度的重要指标,其与染色体数目之间有一定相关性但不显著(P>0.05)。
对BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅的锤度、株高、叶长、叶宽、节间长、茎径、单茎重和染色体数目进行主成分分析,结果如表6所示。以特征值大于1.00为标准提取主成分,前3个主成分的累计贡献率为77.92%。其中,第一主成分(PC1)的特征值为3.11,贡献率为38.91%,染色体数目、单茎重、叶宽和茎径为主要决定因子;第二主成分(PC2)的特征值为2.02,贡献率为25.24%,株高和节间长为主要决定因子;第三主成分(PC3)的特征值为1.10,贡献率为13.77%,叶长为主要决定因子。
基于株高、茎径、节间长、叶长、叶宽、锤度和单茎重7个表型性状和染色体数目,对BC1F2材料及其亲本16-12和蔗茅进行聚类分析,结果(图3)显示,可将23份材料分为五大类群,第Ⅰ类有8份材料,分别为20-130、20-105、16-12、20-126、20-106、20-124、20-116、20-107,主要特征是叶片较长;第Ⅱ类有6份材料,分别为20-114、20-113、20-98、20-102、20-101、20-123,主要特征是叶片较宽;第Ⅲ类仅有1份材料为20-111,主要特征是锤度较高;第Ⅳ类有7份材料,分别为20-119、20-118、20-108、20-122、20-100、20-129、20-128,主要特征是植株较高和单茎较重;第Ⅴ类仅有1份材料为蔗茅,主要特征是节间较长、茎径较小和锤度较低。综上可知,16-12自交后代的表型性状因染色体数目不同而产生差异,其中染色体数目较多的株系表型性状与16-12相近,染色体数目较少的株系则更趋向于蔗茅。
表型性状的变异系数反映了植物对环境的适应能力(van Kleunen and Fischer,2005)。不同表型性状的变异系数差异较大,说明这些性状对不同生境的适应性存在显著差异(王常顺和汪诗平,2015冯秋红等,2017)。本研究发现,单茎重的变异系数最大,表明该性状具有较强的环境适应性,易受环境因素的影响,叶长则为较稳定的性状。茎径、有效茎和锤度对甘蔗产量和糖分含量有显著影响(丘立杭等,2019谭秦亮等,2022),而叶长则通过光合作用影响甘蔗的产量和品质(罗俊等,2015)。研究发现,甘蔗性状之间存在复杂的相互作用,特别是产量与糖分之间存在相互制约关系(罗俊等,2006Nair et al.,2017)。还有研究发现,锤度与茎径、单茎重呈极显著负相关,也间接证明糖分与产量之间存在相互制约关系(陆鑫等,2011秦昌鲜等,2021李贵龙等,2024)。由此可见,甘蔗育种应考虑不同性状间的综合平衡,以优化品种的表型组合。
本研究对BC1F2材料进行核型分析,结果发现其染色体组成呈较原始的2B型,主要由中部着丝点染色体、少数近中部着丝点染色体和极少端部着丝点染色体组成。这一发现与洪德元等(1990)的结论相符,即着丝点位于中部的染色体属于最对称、最原始的类型,并且植物的染色体逐步向不对称进化。靳铎等(2025)的研究结果显示,16-12的核型不对称系数为62.82%。本研究中16-12自交后代的染色体不对称性明显增加(55.58%~62.33%),表明自交过程有助于提升染色体的进化程度,促进染色体不对称性的发展,这一结论对植物的进化研究具有重要意义。此外,本研究对比了不同BC1F2材料间的染色体不对称性差异,验证了染色体的演化趋势,并提出了自交后代的染色体进化特性。
染色体数目与表型性状的关系一直是植物遗传学研究的重点,但目前有关甘蔗与蔗茅杂交后代染色体数目与表型性状关系的研究报道较少。Pachakkil等(2019)研究表明,甘蔗与班茅杂交后代的染色体数目与表型性状呈显著相关。靳铎等(2025)进一步揭示了甘蔗与蔗茅BC1F1材料的染色体数目与多个表型性状之间的关系,包括锤度、茎径和叶宽等。本研究中,染色体数目与茎径、叶宽和单茎重呈极显著正相关,但与节间长呈极显著负相关。由此推测染色体数目变化通过基因拷贝数的改变影响细胞代谢,从而对甘蔗表型性状产生显著影响(Tsukaya,2008李淑洁等,2023)。例如,染色体数目较少的材料通常表现为植株细高且叶片窄,而染色体数目较多的材料则表现出叶片较宽和单茎较重。后续研究可进一步探究染色体数目与其他性状之间的具体分子机制,以期为甘蔗的遗传改良提供理论支持。
甘蔗抗寒性育种是当前重要的研究方向,尤其是在春冬季低温寒潮频繁的地区。蔗茅在高海拔、寒冷、贫瘠土壤等极端环境下展现出较强的生长能力,使其成为甘蔗育种中的优良亲本(Li et al.,2015)。通过甘蔗与蔗茅杂交,使后代能遗传蔗茅的抗寒、抗旱和耐贫瘠等性状,因此甘蔗与蔗茅杂交后代具有极大的育种潜力(萧凤回等,1996)。本研究BC1F2材料表现出较大的遗传变异,使其在甘蔗品种改良过程中具备较强的适应能力。具体而言,染色体数目较多的材料通常表现为植株矮小、叶片宽大,且单茎重遗传多样性较丰富,这些特性对于抗寒、抗逆及高海拔适应性新品种的选育具有重要意义。后续应继续深入研究甘蔗与蔗茅杂交后代的表型性状与遗传机制,进一步挖掘具有潜力的优良种质和基因,为甘蔗品种多样化和抗逆性改良提供新的方案。
BC1F2材料的表型性状与染色体数目存在不同程度相关性,表明BC1F2材料间因染色体数目不同而存在明显的表型性状遗传差异,这些含蔗茅血缘的杂种后代材料可用于后续甘蔗育种。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.012
  • 接收时间:2025-08-24
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-24
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    1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南 昆明 650201

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王先宏(1977-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-8502,博士,副教授,主要从事甘蔗遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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