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Article(id=1302212336673125004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401214998, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401214998, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401214998, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401214998, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1819, endPage=1829, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212338413761165, articleId=1302212336673125004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of buckwheat germplasm resources, columnId=1302212259774747620, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Crop Genetics & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional components and antioxidant acti-vity of different buckwheat germplasm resources，providing theoretical basis for identifying specialized buckwheat varie-ties and their processing and utilization.

Method

A total of 10 tartary buckwheat and 27 common buckwheat germplasms were taken as materials to determine their total protein content，total phenolic content，total flavonoid content，total starch content，1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging capability，2,2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS） radical scavenging capability，and total antioxidant capability. The genetic variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were performed.

Result

Diversity analysis results showed that the total protein content，total phenolic content，total flavonoid content，total starch content，DPPH radical scavenging capability，ABTS radical scavenging capability，and total antioxidant capability of tartary buckwheat were all higher than those of common buckwheat. The coefficient of variation of tartary buckwheat germplasms ranged from 2.27% to 49.36%，among which the ABTS radical scavenging capability exhibited the highest coefficient of variation，while the total protein content showed the lowest coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation of common buckwheat germplasms ranged from 4.62% to 35.19%，with relatively high values for total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capability （>30%），and the lowest value for total protein content. Correlation analysis revealed that，in tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat，total phenolic content was significantly positively correlated with total flavonoid content，and DPPH radical scavenging capability was significantly positively correlated with ABTS radical scavenging capability（P<0.01）；no significant correlations were observed between total protein content or total starch content and other traits （P>0.05）. Principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rates of the first three principal components were 83.9% for tartary buckwheat and 78.6% for common buckwheat. In tartary buckwheat，Group Ⅰ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total protein content and high total starch content，Group Ⅱ could serve as hybrid parents for genetic analysis of total protein，total phenolic，and total starch traits，and Group Ⅲ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total phenolic content，high total flavonoid content，and high antioxidant activity. In common buckwheat，Group Ⅰ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total protein content and high total flavonoid content，Group Ⅱ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total antioxidant capability，and Group Ⅲ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total phenolic content，high total starch content，and high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities.

Conclusion

The ABTS radical scavenging capability in tartary buckwheat，as well as the total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capability in common buckwheat exhibit rich genetic variation and can serve as target traits for specialized excellent germplasms. The phenolic and radical scavenging capability factor，total antioxidant factor，and nutritional component factor in tartary buckwheat，along with the phenolic and antioxidant activity factor，and total protein factor in common buckwheat，extracted by principal component analysis，can be used as core indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of buckwheat quality. Buckwheat germplasms from different groups can be utilized for the screening and application of specialized varieties with high protein content，high starch content，high phenolic content，and high antioxidant capability.

, authors=Chun-hua LI, Fei-yue MA, Mo-ke SUN, Zhi-xue YANG, Han WU, Jiayangduola, Chun-long WANG, Rui BU, Lai-chun GUO, Chang-zhong REN, authorsList=Chun-hua LI, Fei-yue MA, Mo-ke SUN, Zhi-xue YANG, Han WU, Jiayangduola, Chun-long WANG, Rui BU, Lai-chun GUO, Chang-zhong REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lai-chun GUO, Chang-zhong REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212339340702354, articleId=1302212336673125004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性综合评价, columnId=1302212260148040678, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

综合评价不同荞麦种质资源的营养成分及抗氧化活性，为筛选专用型荞麦品种及其加工利用提供理论依据。

方法

以10份苦荞和27份甜荞种质为材料，测定其总蛋白、总酚、总黄酮和总淀粉含量，以及1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力、2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力，并进行遗传变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。

结果

多样性分析结果显示，苦荞的总蛋白、总酚、总黄酮和总淀粉含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力均高于甜荞；苦荞种质的变异系数介于2.27%~49.36%，其中ABTS自由基清除能力最高，总蛋白含量最低；甜荞种质的变异系数介于4.62%~35.19%，其中总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力较高（>30%），总蛋白含量最低。相关分析结果显示，苦荞和甜荞中总酚含量与总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力与ABTS自由基清除能力均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；苦荞和甜荞中总蛋白和总淀粉含量与其他性状间均无显著相关性（P>0.05）。主成分和聚类分析结果显示，苦荞和甜荞前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率分别为83.9%和78.6%；苦荞中类群Ⅰ可作为高总蛋白、高总淀粉育种的候选材料，类群Ⅱ可作为总蛋白、总酚、总淀粉性状遗传分析用的杂交亲本，类群Ⅲ可作为高总酚、高总黄酮、高抗氧化活性育种的候选材料；甜荞中类群Ⅰ可作为高总蛋白、高总黄酮育种的候选材料，类群Ⅱ可作为高总抗氧化能力育种的候选材料，类群Ⅲ可作为高总酚、高总淀粉、高DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力育种的候选材料。

结论

苦荞的ABTS自由基清除能力、甜荞的总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力遗传变异丰富，可作为专用型优异种质的目标性状。由主成分分析提取的苦荞酚类及自由基清除能力因子、总抗氧化因子、营养成分因子，以及甜荞酚类及抗氧化活性因子、总蛋白因子，可作为荞麦品质综合评价的核心指标。不同类群的荞麦种质可用于高蛋白含量、高淀粉含量、高酚类含量及高抗氧化能力等专用品种的筛选与利用。

, authors=李春花, 马飞跃, 孙墨可, 杨志雪, 吴晗, 加央多拉, 王春龙, 卜瑞, 郭来春*, *, 任长忠*, *, authorsList=李春花, 马飞跃, 孙墨可, 杨志雪, 吴晗, 加央多拉, 王春龙, 卜瑞, 郭来春, 任长忠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭来春, 任长忠, authorNote=

李春花（1976-），https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5021，研究员，主要从事荞麦遗传育种、栽培及杂草防控研究工作，E-mail：

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭来春（1972-），https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7411-0662，研究员，主要从事燕麦荞麦遗传育种、栽培及综合利用研究工作，E-mail：
任长忠（1964-），https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-2319，研究员，主要从事燕麦荞麦遗传育种、栽培及综合利用研究工作，E-mail：
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李春花（1976-），https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5021，研究员，主要从事荞麦遗传育种、栽培及杂草防控研究工作，E-mail：

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李春花（1976-），https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5021，研究员，主要从事荞麦遗传育种、栽培及杂草防控研究工作，E-mail：

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Critical Reviews in Food Scien-ce and Nutrition，63（5）：657-673., articleTitle=Bioactive compounds，health benefits，and industrial applications of tartary buckwheat（Fagopyrum tataricum）, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212339567194771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212339571389076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, companyId=1302212339567194771, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Jilin Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Baicheng，Jilin 137000，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212339579777685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, companyId=1302212339567194771, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1吉林省白城市农业科学院，吉林 白城 137000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212344533250770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Cluster analysis of 10 tartary buckwheat germplasms, figureFileSmall=4wF27lpwcnyMTe69qwfAcQ==, figureFileBig=Bbtw00c8QgSu5ahDQUzHDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212344617136851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=图1, caption=10份苦荞种质的聚类分析, figureFileSmall=4wF27lpwcnyMTe69qwfAcQ==, figureFileBig=Bbtw00c8QgSu5ahDQUzHDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212344843629268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Cluster analysis of 27 common buckwheat germplasms, figureFileSmall=OW9P0vhCnQToOCeDJ9BFng==, figureFileBig=CSd1/arY3ijibMN1dgRuPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212344931709653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=图2, caption=27份甜荞种质的聚类分析, figureFileSmall=OW9P0vhCnQToOCeDJ9BFng==, figureFileBig=CSd1/arY3ijibMN1dgRuPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212344998818518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Names and codes of 37 tested buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
Classification		编号
Code		种质名称Germplasm
苦荞 Tartary buckwheatKQ-1俄12-1-17
KQ-2俄15-5-17
KQ-3俄33-11-17
KQ-4俄38-10-17
KQ-5俄64-1-17
KQ-6俄7-4-17
KQ-7俄86-10-17
KQ-8俄19-5-17
KQ-9俄15-4-17
KQ-10俄18-2-17
甜荞 Common buckwheatTQ-1俄04-137
TQ-2俄A2
TQ-3俄A4
TQ-4俄A8
TQ-5俄Dem
TQ-6俄Der
TQ-7俄Kit
TQ-8俄达Tai
TQ-9俄达Tsh
TQ-10俄达Bae
TQ-11俄达Hor
TQ-12俄达Sau
TQ-13俄达Tha
TQ-14呵DS
TQ-15呵DK
TQ-16呵T
TQ-17俄Jia
TQ-18喀1
TQ-19喀2
TQ-20喀3
TQ-21喀4
TQ-22喀5
TQ-23喀6
TQ-24俄S
TQ-25俄Y
TQ-26俄Bog
TQ-27俄Boy
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345070121687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试37份荞麦种质名称及编号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
Classification		编号
Code		种质名称Germplasm
苦荞 Tartary buckwheatKQ-1俄12-1-17
KQ-2俄15-5-17
KQ-3俄33-11-17
KQ-4俄38-10-17
KQ-5俄64-1-17
KQ-6俄7-4-17
KQ-7俄86-10-17
KQ-8俄19-5-17
KQ-9俄15-4-17
KQ-10俄18-2-17
甜荞 Common buckwheatTQ-1俄04-137
TQ-2俄A2
TQ-3俄A4
TQ-4俄A8
TQ-5俄Dem
TQ-6俄Der
TQ-7俄Kit
TQ-8俄达Tai
TQ-9俄达Tsh
TQ-10俄达Bae
TQ-11俄达Hor
TQ-12俄达Sau
TQ-13俄达Tha
TQ-14呵DS
TQ-15呵DK
TQ-16呵T
TQ-17俄Jia
TQ-18喀1
TQ-19喀2
TQ-20喀3
TQ-21喀4
TQ-22喀5
TQ-23喀6
TQ-24俄S
TQ-25俄Y
TQ-26俄Bog
TQ-27俄Boy
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345137230552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Diversity analysis of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of tartary buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code		总蛋白含量
（%）
Total protein content		总酚含量
（mg/g）
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
（mg/g）
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
（mg/g）
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力（mg/g）
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力（mmol/g）
ABTS radical scavenging capability		总抗氧化能力（mmol/kg）
Total antioxidant capability
KQ-111.86±0.12ab1.18±0.02bc3.78±0.24ef596.69±6.03f1.03±0.07a226.11±0.17c26.40±0.13ef
KQ-211.86±0.16ab0.97±0.09cd4.32±0.02cd541.19±3.40g0.72±0.07b102.30±0.62f28.54±0.15cd
KQ-311.89±0.14ab1.15±0.06bc4.17±0.25cde664.48±6.61e0.77±0.06b113.62±2.88e28.80±0.24c
KQ-412.20±0.10a1.45±0.03a5.74±0.12a589.93±9.84f1.02±0.08a300.67±5.10a31.58±0.51a
KQ-511.89±0.06ab1.30±0.08ab4.58±0.18bc713.72±4.34c0.75±0.03b49.60±1.69g29.67±0.12b
KQ-611.55±0.26b0.98±0.11cd3.58±0.08f743.73±4.76b0.75±0.03b133.36±2.80d25.72±0.45f
KQ-712.11±0.36ab0.99±0.10cd4.86±0.09b709.14±7.82cd0.74±0.03b112.14±3.38e28.86±0.29bc
KQ-811.63±0.32ab1.33±0.07ab5.74±0.18a692.09±6.26d1.03±0.07a259.71±3.51b26.61±0.13e
KQ-911.81±0.31ab0.97±0.07cd4.06±0.20de484.73±6.16h0.79±0.08b138.06±4.49d27.83±0.25d
KQ-1012.15±0.10ab0.87±0.09d2.84±0.11g801.80±8.99a0.81±0.01b118.11±2.70e24.34±0.33g
平均值
Average		11.901.124.37653.740.84155.3727.84
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		2.2717.8619.3714.5216.6749.367.36
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345216922329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

苦荞种质营养成分及抗氧化活性的多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code		总蛋白含量
（%）
Total protein content		总酚含量
（mg/g）
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
（mg/g）
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
（mg/g）
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力（mg/g）
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力（mmol/g）
ABTS radical scavenging capability		总抗氧化能力（mmol/kg）
Total antioxidant capability
KQ-111.86±0.12ab1.18±0.02bc3.78±0.24ef596.69±6.03f1.03±0.07a226.11±0.17c26.40±0.13ef
KQ-211.86±0.16ab0.97±0.09cd4.32±0.02cd541.19±3.40g0.72±0.07b102.30±0.62f28.54±0.15cd
KQ-311.89±0.14ab1.15±0.06bc4.17±0.25cde664.48±6.61e0.77±0.06b113.62±2.88e28.80±0.24c
KQ-412.20±0.10a1.45±0.03a5.74±0.12a589.93±9.84f1.02±0.08a300.67±5.10a31.58±0.51a
KQ-511.89±0.06ab1.30±0.08ab4.58±0.18bc713.72±4.34c0.75±0.03b49.60±1.69g29.67±0.12b
KQ-611.55±0.26b0.98±0.11cd3.58±0.08f743.73±4.76b0.75±0.03b133.36±2.80d25.72±0.45f
KQ-712.11±0.36ab0.99±0.10cd4.86±0.09b709.14±7.82cd0.74±0.03b112.14±3.38e28.86±0.29bc
KQ-811.63±0.32ab1.33±0.07ab5.74±0.18a692.09±6.26d1.03±0.07a259.71±3.51b26.61±0.13e
KQ-911.81±0.31ab0.97±0.07cd4.06±0.20de484.73±6.16h0.79±0.08b138.06±4.49d27.83±0.25d
KQ-1012.15±0.10ab0.87±0.09d2.84±0.11g801.80±8.99a0.81±0.01b118.11±2.70e24.34±0.33g
平均值
Average		11.901.124.37653.740.84155.3727.84
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		2.2717.8619.3714.5216.6749.367.36
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345288225498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Diversity analysis of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of common buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code		总蛋白含量
（%）
Total protein content		总酚含量
（mg/g）
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
（mg/g）
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
（mg/g）
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力（mg/g）
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力（mmol/g）
ABTS radical scavenging capability		总抗氧化能力（mmol/kg）
Total antioxidant capability
TQ-111.31±0.12bcde0.66±0.09ab2.05±0.21a731.91±5.78b1.03±0.08a216.63±0.03a11.63±0.10b
TQ-211.97±0.04b0.55±0.03abcdef1.14±0.12bcdefg411.49±4.95m0.67±0.03de120.42±2.54ij6.99±0.39hi
TQ-311.90±0.15b0.47±0.07def0.86±0.06defgh560.01±6.62g0.44±0.02jkl116.15±2.82j12.94±0.30a
TQ-411.54±0.17bcd0.56±0.05abcde0.90±0.09cdefgh708.44±2.54c0.74±0.03cd155.27±0.56cd8.98±0.25cde
TQ-511.01±0.24bcde0.48±0.07def0.84±0.10defgh604.10±1.15f0.64±0.02def82.18±0.94mn11.35±0.10b
TQ-611.51±0.39bcd0.42±0.06ef0.53±0.04h519.91±3.03h0.38±0.02klm103.20±0.72k4.73±0.37m
TQ-711.39±0.28bcd0.51±0.06bcdef1.15±0.03bcdef702.96±5.95c0.61±0.02defg136.01±3.14gh12.52±0.15a
TQ-811.57±0.23bcd0.50±0.05bcdef0.88±0.17defgh464.76±5.47j0.42±0.01jkl139.20±3.84fg8.01±0.28fg
TQ-910.63±0.49de0.49±0.09cdef0.89±0.10defgh567.91±2.66g0.54±0.07fghij64.98±0.18p6.53±0.27ij
TQ-1011.67±0.39bc0.43±0.04ef0.64±0.05gh631.18±2.96e0.38±0.04lklm147.37±3.56def5.50±0.16lm
TQ-1111.62±0.48bcd0.59±0.03abcd1.40±0.06bc499.55±4.70i0.35±0.01lm71.30±2.01op6.27±0.29ijkl
TQ-1211.35±0.36bcde0.53±0.05abcdef1.31±0.21bcd439.16±5.25kl0.38±0.04klm156.42±5.33c7.08±0.13hi
TQ-1311.45±0.19bcd0.39±0.03f0.66±0.06fgh427.79±5.08l0.28±0.02m70.55±4.02op5.68±0.19kl
TQ-1411.22±0.22bcde0.53±0.03abcdef1.12±0.03bcdefg628.69±6.52e0.52±0.02ghij120.94±1.31ij8.44±0.17def
TQ-1511.72±0.15bc0.54±0.03abcdef1.23±0.08bcde768.93±4.79a0.61±0.02defg168.04±2.78b8.47±0.43def
TQ-1611.25±0.37bcde0.57±0.05abcde1.04±0.05bcdefg659.67±5.38d0.45±0.07ijkl121.91±2.20ij7.01±0.15hi
TQ-1711.54±0.23bcd0.54±0.05abcdef1.11±0.12bcdefg648.23±5.80d0.59±0.02efgh175.74±2.92b7.57±0.29gh
TQ-1811.87±0.23bc0.46±0.03def0.80±0.10efgh662.07±6.84d0.36±0.02lm85.26±3.20m5.79±0.20jkl
TQ-1913.01±0.27a0.55±0.03abcdef1.05±0.05bcdefg706.93±5.46c0.57±0.00efghi135.97±2.19gh8.24±0.12efg
TQ-2011.43±0.44bcd0.49±0.03cdef0.94±0.10cdefgh707.10±1.76c0.43±0.03jkl94.42±3.19l6.31±0.19ijkl
TQ-2111.40±0.36bcd0.51±0.04bcdef1.28±0.09bcde698.78±6.92c0.50±0.03ghijk114.13±4.05j7.68±0.22fgh
TQ-2211.34±0.44bcde0.64±0.06abc1.49±0.04b529.93±5.06h0.81±0.02bc175.21±2.58b9.49±0.28c
TQ-2311.46±0.22bcd0.47±0.04def1.00±0.03bcdefgh428.99±6.82l0.27±0.03m76.43±1.02no5.52±0.20lm
TQ-2410.40±0.16e0.53±0.05abcdef0.96±0.05cdefgh648.21±3.10d0.53±0.05fghij150.34±1.22cde6.44±0.48ijk
TQ-2510.90±0.52cde0.56±0.04abcde1.12±0.19bcdefg522.66±3.00h0.73±0.07cd143.09±1.89efg6.61±0.11ij
TQ-2611.75±0.38bc0.57±0.05abcde2.02±0.62a449.99±2.63jk0.48±0.02hijk172.78±3.17b9.27±0.21cd
TQ-2711.42±0.20bcd0.69±0.06a1.28±0.09bcde607.79±3.00f0.93±0.07ab128.48±1.03hi7.54±0.49gh
平均值
Average		11.470.531.10590.260.54127.507.87
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		4.6215.0933.6418.0935.1929.7327.40
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345376305883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

甜荞种质营养成分及抗氧化活性的多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code		总蛋白含量
（%）
Total protein content		总酚含量
（mg/g）
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
（mg/g）
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
（mg/g）
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力（mg/g）
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力（mmol/g）
ABTS radical scavenging capability		总抗氧化能力（mmol/kg）
Total antioxidant capability
TQ-111.31±0.12bcde0.66±0.09ab2.05±0.21a731.91±5.78b1.03±0.08a216.63±0.03a11.63±0.10b
TQ-211.97±0.04b0.55±0.03abcdef1.14±0.12bcdefg411.49±4.95m0.67±0.03de120.42±2.54ij6.99±0.39hi
TQ-311.90±0.15b0.47±0.07def0.86±0.06defgh560.01±6.62g0.44±0.02jkl116.15±2.82j12.94±0.30a
TQ-411.54±0.17bcd0.56±0.05abcde0.90±0.09cdefgh708.44±2.54c0.74±0.03cd155.27±0.56cd8.98±0.25cde
TQ-511.01±0.24bcde0.48±0.07def0.84±0.10defgh604.10±1.15f0.64±0.02def82.18±0.94mn11.35±0.10b
TQ-611.51±0.39bcd0.42±0.06ef0.53±0.04h519.91±3.03h0.38±0.02klm103.20±0.72k4.73±0.37m
TQ-711.39±0.28bcd0.51±0.06bcdef1.15±0.03bcdef702.96±5.95c0.61±0.02defg136.01±3.14gh12.52±0.15a
TQ-811.57±0.23bcd0.50±0.05bcdef0.88±0.17defgh464.76±5.47j0.42±0.01jkl139.20±3.84fg8.01±0.28fg
TQ-910.63±0.49de0.49±0.09cdef0.89±0.10defgh567.91±2.66g0.54±0.07fghij64.98±0.18p6.53±0.27ij
TQ-1011.67±0.39bc0.43±0.04ef0.64±0.05gh631.18±2.96e0.38±0.04lklm147.37±3.56def5.50±0.16lm
TQ-1111.62±0.48bcd0.59±0.03abcd1.40±0.06bc499.55±4.70i0.35±0.01lm71.30±2.01op6.27±0.29ijkl
TQ-1211.35±0.36bcde0.53±0.05abcdef1.31±0.21bcd439.16±5.25kl0.38±0.04klm156.42±5.33c7.08±0.13hi
TQ-1311.45±0.19bcd0.39±0.03f0.66±0.06fgh427.79±5.08l0.28±0.02m70.55±4.02op5.68±0.19kl
TQ-1411.22±0.22bcde0.53±0.03abcdef1.12±0.03bcdefg628.69±6.52e0.52±0.02ghij120.94±1.31ij8.44±0.17def
TQ-1511.72±0.15bc0.54±0.03abcdef1.23±0.08bcde768.93±4.79a0.61±0.02defg168.04±2.78b8.47±0.43def
TQ-1611.25±0.37bcde0.57±0.05abcde1.04±0.05bcdefg659.67±5.38d0.45±0.07ijkl121.91±2.20ij7.01±0.15hi
TQ-1711.54±0.23bcd0.54±0.05abcdef1.11±0.12bcdefg648.23±5.80d0.59±0.02efgh175.74±2.92b7.57±0.29gh
TQ-1811.87±0.23bc0.46±0.03def0.80±0.10efgh662.07±6.84d0.36±0.02lm85.26±3.20m5.79±0.20jkl
TQ-1913.01±0.27a0.55±0.03abcdef1.05±0.05bcdefg706.93±5.46c0.57±0.00efghi135.97±2.19gh8.24±0.12efg
TQ-2011.43±0.44bcd0.49±0.03cdef0.94±0.10cdefgh707.10±1.76c0.43±0.03jkl94.42±3.19l6.31±0.19ijkl
TQ-2111.40±0.36bcd0.51±0.04bcdef1.28±0.09bcde698.78±6.92c0.50±0.03ghijk114.13±4.05j7.68±0.22fgh
TQ-2211.34±0.44bcde0.64±0.06abc1.49±0.04b529.93±5.06h0.81±0.02bc175.21±2.58b9.49±0.28c
TQ-2311.46±0.22bcd0.47±0.04def1.00±0.03bcdefgh428.99±6.82l0.27±0.03m76.43±1.02no5.52±0.20lm
TQ-2410.40±0.16e0.53±0.05abcdef0.96±0.05cdefgh648.21±3.10d0.53±0.05fghij150.34±1.22cde6.44±0.48ijk
TQ-2510.90±0.52cde0.56±0.04abcde1.12±0.19bcdefg522.66±3.00h0.73±0.07cd143.09±1.89efg6.61±0.11ij
TQ-2611.75±0.38bc0.57±0.05abcde2.02±0.62a449.99±2.63jk0.48±0.02hijk172.78±3.17b9.27±0.21cd
TQ-2711.42±0.20bcd0.69±0.06a1.28±0.09bcde607.79±3.00f0.93±0.07ab128.48±1.03hi7.54±0.49gh
平均值
Average		11.470.531.10590.260.54127.507.87
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		4.6215.0933.6418.0935.1929.7327.40
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345455997660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genetic rate of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		苦荞
Tartary buckwheat		甜荞
Common buckwheat
总蛋白含量 Total protein content0.3780.661
总酚含量 Total phenolic content0.8530.610
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.9690.825
总淀粉含量 Total starch content0.9950.998
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability0.8250.957
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.9980.995
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.9810.985
), ArticleFig(id=1302212345552466653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

荞麦种质营养成分及抗氧化活性的遗传率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		苦荞
Tartary buckwheat		甜荞
Common buckwheat
总蛋白含量 Total protein content0.3780.661
总酚含量 Total phenolic content0.8530.610
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.9690.825
总淀粉含量 Total starch content0.9950.998
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability0.8250.957
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.9980.995
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.9810.985
), ArticleFig(id=1302212347238576862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation between indicators of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of different tartary buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		总蛋白含量
Total protein content		总酚含量
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力
ABTS radical scavenging capability
总蛋白含量 Total protein content1.000
总酚含量 Total phenolic content0.0451.000
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.0530.771**1.000
总淀粉含量 Total starch content0.048-0.117-0.2521.000
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability0.0360.667*0.447-0.1501.000
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.0470.5980.533-0.2430.927**1.000
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.3820.5970.691*-0.4360.0180.116
), ArticleFig(id=1302212347322462943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同苦荞种质营养成分及抗氧化活性指标间的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		总蛋白含量
Total protein content		总酚含量
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力
ABTS radical scavenging capability
总蛋白含量 Total protein content1.000
总酚含量 Total phenolic content0.0451.000
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.0530.771**1.000
总淀粉含量 Total starch content0.048-0.117-0.2521.000
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability0.0360.667*0.447-0.1501.000
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.0470.5980.533-0.2430.927**1.000
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.3820.5970.691*-0.4360.0180.116
), ArticleFig(id=1302212347418931936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Correlation between indicators of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of different common buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		总蛋白含量
Total protein content		总酚含量
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力
ABTS radical scavenging capability
总蛋白含量 Total protein content1.000
总酚含量 Total phenolic content-0.0231.000
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.0250.759**1.000
总淀粉含量 Total starch content0.0400.1880.0311.000
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability-0.1250.773**0.507**0.3721.000
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.0720.559**0.587**0.2940.591**1.000
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.0800.3180.404*0.2980.496**0.400*
), ArticleFig(id=1302212347490235105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同甜荞种质营养成分及抗氧化活性指标间的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		总蛋白含量
Total protein content		总酚含量
Total phenolic content		总黄酮含量
Total flavonoid content		总淀粉含量
Total starch content		DPPH自由基清除能力
DPPH radical scavenging capability		ABTS自由基清除能力
ABTS radical scavenging capability
总蛋白含量 Total protein content1.000
总酚含量 Total phenolic content-0.0231.000
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.0250.759**1.000
总淀粉含量 Total starch content0.0400.1880.0311.000
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability-0.1250.773**0.507**0.3721.000
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.0720.559**0.587**0.2940.591**1.000
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.0800.3180.404*0.2980.496**0.400*
), ArticleFig(id=1302212347653812962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Loading matrix and variance contribution rate of principal components of buckwheat germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		苦荞 Tartary buckwheat甜荞 Common buckwheat
PC1PC2PC3PC1PC2PC3
总蛋白含量 Total protein content0.1590.4800.7360.0070.6430.736
总酚含量 Total phenolic content0.892-0.0110.0850.862-0.2700.111
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.8560.203-0.0670.791-0.2990.339
总淀粉含量 Total starch content-0.384-0.3040.6790.4030.637-0.537
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability0.770-0.5730.1320.866-0.055-0.224
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.805-0.4850.0580.7930.0610.096
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.6250.759-0.0370.6330.329-0.055
特征值 Eigenvalue3.3341.5051.0363.3091.0961.020
方差贡献率（%） Variance contribution rate47.621.514.847.316.714.6
累计方差贡献率（%） Cumulative variance contribution rate47.669.183.947.364.078.6
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荞麦种质的主成分载荷矩阵及方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		苦荞 Tartary buckwheat甜荞 Common buckwheat
PC1PC2PC3PC1PC2PC3
总蛋白含量 Total protein content0.1590.4800.7360.0070.6430.736
总酚含量 Total phenolic content0.892-0.0110.0850.862-0.2700.111
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content0.8560.203-0.0670.791-0.2990.339
总淀粉含量 Total starch content-0.384-0.3040.6790.4030.637-0.537
DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH radical scavenging capability0.770-0.5730.1320.866-0.055-0.224
ABTS自由基清除能力 ABTS radical scavenging capability0.805-0.4850.0580.7930.0610.096
总抗氧化能力 Total antioxidant capability0.6250.759-0.0370.6330.329-0.055
特征值 Eigenvalue3.3341.5051.0363.3091.0961.020
方差贡献率（%） Variance contribution rate47.621.514.847.316.714.6
累计方差贡献率（%） Cumulative variance contribution rate47.669.183.947.364.078.6
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Trait characteristics of groups of tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat germplasms

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指标
Indicator		主要性状特征
Main trait characteristic		苦荞 Tartary buckwheat甜荞 Common buckwheat
类群Ⅰ
Group Ⅰ		类群Ⅱ
Group Ⅱ		类群Ⅲ
Group Ⅲ		类群Ⅰ
Group Ⅰ		类群Ⅱ
Group Ⅱ		类群Ⅲ
Group Ⅲ
总蛋白含量（%）
Total protein content		平均值Average11.9211.8411.9011.5911.2711.51
标准差 Standard deviation0.240.040.290.230.450.55
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		2.010.342.441.983.994.78
总酚含量（mg/g）
Total phenolic content		平均值Average1.060.971.320.500.520.54
标准差 Standard deviation0.170.000.140.070.080.07
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		16.040.0010.6114.0015.3812.96
总黄酮含量（mg/g）
Total flavonoid content		平均值Average4.014.195.091.171.021.11
标准差 Standard deviation0.810.181.130.470.340.33
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		20.204.3022.2040.1733.3329.73
总淀粉含量（mg/g）
Total starch content		平均值Average726.57512.96626.24437.03543.44679.35
标准差 Standard deviation50.6939.9257.1318.6735.7045.35
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		6.987.789.124.276.576.68
DPPH自由基清除能力（mg/g）
DPPH radical scavenging capability		平均值Average0.760.761.030.420.560.59
标准差 Standard deviation0.030.050.010.150.180.19
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		3.956.580.9735.7132.1432.20
ABTS自由基清除能力（mmol/g）
ABTS radical scavenging capability		平均值Average105.37120.18262.16122.63108.02139.32
标准差 Standard deviation32.2925.2937.3441.9140.2133.88
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		30.6421.0414.2434.1837.2224.32
总抗氧化能力（mmol/kg）
Total antioxidant capability		平均值Average27.4828.1928.207.098.278.01
标准差 Standard deviation2.310.502.931.423.032.02
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		8.411.7710.3920.0336.6425.22
), ArticleFig(id=1302212347888693989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212336673125004, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

苦荞和甜荞种质各类群的主要性状特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator		主要性状特征
Main trait characteristic		苦荞 Tartary buckwheat甜荞 Common buckwheat
类群Ⅰ
Group Ⅰ		类群Ⅱ
Group Ⅱ		类群Ⅲ
Group Ⅲ		类群Ⅰ
Group Ⅰ		类群Ⅱ
Group Ⅱ		类群Ⅲ
Group Ⅲ
总蛋白含量（%）
Total protein content		平均值Average11.9211.8411.9011.5911.2711.51
标准差 Standard deviation0.240.040.290.230.450.55
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		2.010.342.441.983.994.78
总酚含量（mg/g）
Total phenolic content		平均值Average1.060.971.320.500.520.54
标准差 Standard deviation0.170.000.140.070.080.07
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		16.040.0010.6114.0015.3812.96
总黄酮含量（mg/g）
Total flavonoid content		平均值Average4.014.195.091.171.021.11
标准差 Standard deviation0.810.181.130.470.340.33
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		20.204.3022.2040.1733.3329.73
总淀粉含量（mg/g）
Total starch content		平均值Average726.57512.96626.24437.03543.44679.35
标准差 Standard deviation50.6939.9257.1318.6735.7045.35
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		6.987.789.124.276.576.68
DPPH自由基清除能力（mg/g）
DPPH radical scavenging capability		平均值Average0.760.761.030.420.560.59
标准差 Standard deviation0.030.050.010.150.180.19
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		3.956.580.9735.7132.1432.20
ABTS自由基清除能力（mmol/g）
ABTS radical scavenging capability		平均值Average105.37120.18262.16122.63108.02139.32
标准差 Standard deviation32.2925.2937.3441.9140.2133.88
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		30.6421.0414.2434.1837.2224.32
总抗氧化能力（mmol/kg）
Total antioxidant capability		平均值Average27.4828.1928.207.098.278.01
标准差 Standard deviation2.310.502.931.423.032.02
变异系数（%）
Coefficient of variation		8.411.7710.3920.0336.6425.22
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荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性综合评价
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李春花 , 马飞跃 , 孙墨可 , 杨志雪 , 吴晗 , 加央多拉 , 王春龙 , 卜瑞 , 郭来春 *, * , 任长忠 *, *
南方农业学报 | 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026,57(6): 1819-1829
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南方农业学报 |作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026 , 57 (6) : 1819 -1829
荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性综合评价
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李春花（1976-），https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5021，研究员，主要从事荞麦遗传育种、栽培及杂草防控研究工作，E-mail：

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李春花（1976-），https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5021，研究员，主要从事荞麦遗传育种、栽培及杂草防控研究工作，E-mail：

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李春花 , 马飞跃, 孙墨可, 杨志雪, 吴晗, 加央多拉, 王春龙, 卜瑞, 郭来春*, * , 任长忠*, *
作者信息
  • 1吉林省白城市农业科学院，吉林 白城 137000
通讯作者:
郭来春（1972-），https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7411-0662，研究员，主要从事燕麦荞麦遗传育种、栽培及综合利用研究工作，E-mail：
任长忠（1964-），https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-2319，研究员，主要从事燕麦荞麦遗传育种、栽培及综合利用研究工作，E-mail：
作者简介:

李春花（1976-），https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5021，研究员，主要从事荞麦遗传育种、栽培及杂草防控研究工作，E-mail：

Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of buckwheat germplasm resources
Chun-hua LI , Fei-yue MA, Mo-ke SUN, Zhi-xue YANG, Han WU, Jiayangduola, Chun-long WANG, Rui BU, Lai-chun GUO , Chang-zhong REN
Affiliations
  • 1Jilin Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Baicheng，Jilin 137000，China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.018
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摘要
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目的

综合评价不同荞麦种质资源的营养成分及抗氧化活性，为筛选专用型荞麦品种及其加工利用提供理论依据。

方法

以10份苦荞和27份甜荞种质为材料，测定其总蛋白、总酚、总黄酮和总淀粉含量，以及1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力、2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力，并进行遗传变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。

结果

多样性分析结果显示，苦荞的总蛋白、总酚、总黄酮和总淀粉含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力均高于甜荞；苦荞种质的变异系数介于2.27%~49.36%，其中ABTS自由基清除能力最高，总蛋白含量最低；甜荞种质的变异系数介于4.62%~35.19%，其中总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力较高（>30%），总蛋白含量最低。相关分析结果显示，苦荞和甜荞中总酚含量与总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力与ABTS自由基清除能力均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；苦荞和甜荞中总蛋白和总淀粉含量与其他性状间均无显著相关性（P>0.05）。主成分和聚类分析结果显示，苦荞和甜荞前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率分别为83.9%和78.6%；苦荞中类群Ⅰ可作为高总蛋白、高总淀粉育种的候选材料，类群Ⅱ可作为总蛋白、总酚、总淀粉性状遗传分析用的杂交亲本，类群Ⅲ可作为高总酚、高总黄酮、高抗氧化活性育种的候选材料；甜荞中类群Ⅰ可作为高总蛋白、高总黄酮育种的候选材料，类群Ⅱ可作为高总抗氧化能力育种的候选材料，类群Ⅲ可作为高总酚、高总淀粉、高DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力育种的候选材料。

结论

苦荞的ABTS自由基清除能力、甜荞的总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力遗传变异丰富，可作为专用型优异种质的目标性状。由主成分分析提取的苦荞酚类及自由基清除能力因子、总抗氧化因子、营养成分因子，以及甜荞酚类及抗氧化活性因子、总蛋白因子，可作为荞麦品质综合评价的核心指标。不同类群的荞麦种质可用于高蛋白含量、高淀粉含量、高酚类含量及高抗氧化能力等专用品种的筛选与利用。

苦荞  /  甜荞  /  营养成分  /  抗氧化活性  /  综合评价
Objective

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional components and antioxidant acti-vity of different buckwheat germplasm resources，providing theoretical basis for identifying specialized buckwheat varie-ties and their processing and utilization.

Method

A total of 10 tartary buckwheat and 27 common buckwheat germplasms were taken as materials to determine their total protein content，total phenolic content，total flavonoid content，total starch content，1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging capability，2,2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS） radical scavenging capability，and total antioxidant capability. The genetic variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were performed.

Result

Diversity analysis results showed that the total protein content，total phenolic content，total flavonoid content，total starch content，DPPH radical scavenging capability，ABTS radical scavenging capability，and total antioxidant capability of tartary buckwheat were all higher than those of common buckwheat. The coefficient of variation of tartary buckwheat germplasms ranged from 2.27% to 49.36%，among which the ABTS radical scavenging capability exhibited the highest coefficient of variation，while the total protein content showed the lowest coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation of common buckwheat germplasms ranged from 4.62% to 35.19%，with relatively high values for total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capability （>30%），and the lowest value for total protein content. Correlation analysis revealed that，in tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat，total phenolic content was significantly positively correlated with total flavonoid content，and DPPH radical scavenging capability was significantly positively correlated with ABTS radical scavenging capability（P<0.01）；no significant correlations were observed between total protein content or total starch content and other traits （P>0.05）. Principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rates of the first three principal components were 83.9% for tartary buckwheat and 78.6% for common buckwheat. In tartary buckwheat，Group Ⅰ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total protein content and high total starch content，Group Ⅱ could serve as hybrid parents for genetic analysis of total protein，total phenolic，and total starch traits，and Group Ⅲ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total phenolic content，high total flavonoid content，and high antioxidant activity. In common buckwheat，Group Ⅰ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total protein content and high total flavonoid content，Group Ⅱ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total antioxidant capability，and Group Ⅲ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total phenolic content，high total starch content，and high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities.

Conclusion

The ABTS radical scavenging capability in tartary buckwheat，as well as the total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capability in common buckwheat exhibit rich genetic variation and can serve as target traits for specialized excellent germplasms. The phenolic and radical scavenging capability factor，total antioxidant factor，and nutritional component factor in tartary buckwheat，along with the phenolic and antioxidant activity factor，and total protein factor in common buckwheat，extracted by principal component analysis，can be used as core indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of buckwheat quality. Buckwheat germplasms from different groups can be utilized for the screening and application of specialized varieties with high protein content，high starch content，high phenolic content，and high antioxidant capability.

tartary buckwheat  /  common buckwheat  /  nutritional components  /  antioxidant activity  /  comprehensive evaluation
李春花, 马飞跃, 孙墨可, 杨志雪, 吴晗, 加央多拉, 王春龙, 卜瑞, 郭来春, 任长忠. 荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性综合评价. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1819 -1829 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.018
Chun-hua LI, Fei-yue MA, Mo-ke SUN, Zhi-xue YANG, Han WU, Jiayangduola, Chun-long WANG, Rui BU, Lai-chun GUO, Chang-zhong REN. Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional components and antioxidant activity of buckwheat germplasm resources[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1819 -1829 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.018
正文
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0　引言
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【研究意义】荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum）为蓼科（Polygonaceae）荞麦属（Fagopyrum Mill.）双子叶植物，包含甜荞和苦荞2个栽培种（陈庆富，2012）。荞麦富含淀粉、膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质等营养成分，同时含有芦丁等黄酮类化合物以及多酚、色氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸等生物活性成分（Zou et al.，2021；冯哲等，2024），具有预防和抑制癌症（Li et al.，2014；Hu et al.，2017）、降血脂（Giménez-Bastida and Zieliński，2015）、降血压（Hou et al.，2017）、降血糖（Lu et al.，2017）等药理作用，是一种重要的药食同源植物（雷建鑫等，2019）。吴静仪等（2022）对11种全谷物杂粮和精加工大米的成分进行检测发现，荞麦中含有12种脂肪酸，其脂肪酸种类数量在众多全谷物杂粮中表现突出；尤为重要的是，荞麦中n-6和n-3脂肪酸的比值较大米更为合理。随着人民生活水平的提高，平衡膳食和食疗保健已成为全球关注的热点（李月等，2013）。因此，系统研究荞麦的营养成分和抗氧化活性，对于荞麦相关功能产品的开发及促进产业快速发展具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】在荞麦营养成分研究中，关于总黄酮、蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、淀粉等方面的报道较多。刘三才等（2007）对76份苦荞种质资源的总黄酮和蛋白质含量进行测定，结果表明总黄酮平均含量为2.46%，变幅为1.97%~3.03%，蛋白质平均含量为14.3%，变幅为10.9%~20.3%，且不同种质资源的总黄酮和蛋白质含量均存在显著差异。彭镰心等（2010）对17个苦荞品种的黄酮含量进行测定，发现黄酮含量变幅为1.54%~2.40%，其中美姑苦荞黄酮含量最高（2.40%），川荞1号最低（1.54%）。李月等（2013）对8个荞麦品种在全国17个栽培地点的籽粒蛋白质和黄酮含量进行分析，发现不同品种及不同地点间均存在显著差异，黄酮含量变幅为0.781%~2.479%，平均值为1.676%，蛋白质含量变幅为3.253%~15.723%，平均值为7.672%。李春花等（2016）对48份苦荞种质资源的6个主要农艺性状和5个品质性状进行遗传多样性分析，结果发现蛋白质含量介于8.59%~11.40%，粗纤维含量介于0.93%~1.44%，粗脂肪含量介于1.71%~3.31%，总淀粉含量介于67.77%~86.02%，总黄酮含量介于0.08%~0.61%。姜国富等（2020）对5个苦荞品种的蛋白质、粗脂肪、淀粉、膳食纤维和总黄酮含量进行分析，结果表明不同产区苦荞的主要营养成分含量差异较大，蛋白质含量变幅为8%~12%；粗脂肪含量变幅为2.3%~3.5%，淀粉含量变幅为70%~80%，总膳食纤维变幅为3.64%~10.20%，总黄酮含量变幅为11.32~16.32 mg/g。丁淼等（2024）对7个不同产区苦荞的抗氧化活性进行测定发现，苦荞的活性成分、抗氧化能力和降糖活性均存在显著差异，其中华北地区1份苦荞（编号DT）的总多酚和D-手性肌醇含量最高，总多糖含量最低，对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基的清除能力最强。上述研究对促进荞麦加工及其综合开发利用具有重要意义。【本研究切入点】目前，针对吉林地区荞麦营养成分及抗氧化活性的综合评价尚未见报道，缺乏筛选加工专用型品种的数据支撑。【拟解决的关键问题】以37份荞麦品种为试验材料，测定其营养成分和抗氧化活性指标并进行综合评价，旨在为荞麦加工及其综合利用提供数据基础，同时为筛选荞麦专用品种、明确品种特性和挖掘优异种质资源提供理论参考。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　试验材料
供试材料为吉林省白城市农业科学院从俄罗斯引进的37份荞麦种质（表1），其中10份为苦荞种质（编号KQ-1~KQ-10），27份为甜荞种质（编号TQ-1~ TQ-27）。
1.2　试验方法
1.2.1　样品制备
选用籽粒饱满、大小均匀的成熟种子，用打粉机粉碎，过筛后取粉，置于恒温箱中烘干至恒重。样品经真空密封后存放于干燥器中备用。
1.2.2　总蛋白含量测定
采用GB 5009.5—2025《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中的凯氏定氮法进行测定。准确称取荞麦粉末样品0.2 g，移入干燥的定氮管中，依次加入0.4 g硫酸铜、6.0 g硫酸钾和10.0 mL硫酸，轻摇后在瓶口放置小漏斗。将定氮管置于消化炉中加热消化，待样品完全碳化后、消化液呈蓝绿色并澄清透明后，继续加热0.5~1 h。取下冷却，用凯氏定氮仪蒸馏，馏出液以0.1 mol/L盐酸标准滴定液滴定至终点。
1.2.3　总淀粉含量测定
采用Solarbio淀粉含量检测试剂盒进行测定。称取0.02 g不同品种荞麦粉末样品于研钵中研碎，加入0.6 mL试剂一，充分匀浆后转移至EP管中，于80 ℃水浴提取30 min，随后在5000 r/min、室温条件下离心5 min，弃上清液，保留沉淀。沉淀中加入0.3 mL双蒸水，于沸水浴中糊化15 min，冷却后加入0.6 mL试剂二，再次沸水浴提取15 min，振荡3~5次，离心后取上清液待测。用分光光度计于620 nm波长处测定吸光度（以蒸馏水调零），同时稀释标准品绘制标准曲线。总淀粉含量计算公式如下：
Y=X×VW×1.11×F=0.811XW×F
公式中，Y为总淀粉含量（mg/g），V为提取后总体积（0.9 mL），W为样品质量（g），F为样品稀释倍数，X为由标准曲线计算得到的质量浓度（mg/mL）。
1.2.4　总黄酮含量测定
1.2.4.1　样品溶液制备
分别准确称取不同品种荞麦粉末样品3.0 g至锥形瓶中，加入适量乙醇溶液，密封瓶口，超声提取30 min，过滤收集上清液，重复提取3次，合并上清液。用旋转蒸发仪蒸干溶剂，称取残留物质量，再溶解定容至10 mL。
1.2.4.2　样品测定
采用硝酸铝比色法测定总黄酮含量。分别准确吸取不同品种荞麦样品溶液1.0 mL，加入10%亚硝酸钠溶液0.3 mL，混匀，静置6 min；再加入10%硝酸铝溶液0.3 mL，混匀，静置6 min；最后加入1 mol/L NaOH溶液4 mL，定容至10 mL，静置15 min，于510 nm波长处测定吸光度。以芦丁标准溶液质量浓度（100.0~500.0 mg/L）为横坐标、吸光度为纵坐标，绘制标准曲线。根据标准曲线计算不同样品的总黄酮含量。总黄酮含量计算公式如下：
CF=C2×V2M2
公式中，CF为总黄酮含量（mg/g），C2为由标准曲线计算得到的样品总黄酮质量浓度（mg/L），V2为提取液定容后的总体积（L），M2为样品质量（g）。
1.2.5　总酚含量测定
1.2.5.1　样品溶液制备
制备方法同1.2.4.1。
1.2.5.2　样品测定
采用福林酚法测定总酚含量（Zhang et al.，2023）。分别准确吸取0.2 mL样品和不同浓度的没食子酸标准溶液，各加入1.0 mL福林酚试剂（0.1 mol/L）和0.8 mL纯水，混匀，静置5 min；然后加入1.0 mL 7.5% Na2CO3溶液，充分混匀。避光反应2 h，于765 nm波长处测定吸光度。以没食子酸标准溶液质量浓度（50~1000 mg/L）为横坐标、吸光度为纵坐标，绘制标准曲线。根据标准曲线计算不同样品的总酚提取率。总酚提取率和总酚含量计算公式如下：
YTF=C×VM×100
TF=C×VM
公式中，YTF为总酚提取率（%），TF为总酚含量（mg/g），C为由标准曲线计算得到的样品总酚质量浓度（mg/L），V为反应液体积（L），M为样品质量（g）。
1.2.6　抗氧化活性测定
1.2.6.1　DPPH自由基清除能力测定
分别准确吸取不同品种荞麦样品溶液0.1 mL，参照Ma等（2013）的方法测定其对DPPH自由基的清除能力，以维生素C（Vc）为对照，每个样品重复3次。
1.2.6.2　ABTS自由基清除能力测定
采用碧云天总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒（ABTS法）进行测定。于96孔板每个检测孔中加入200 µL ABTS工作液，再加入10 µL不同品种荞麦样品溶液，混匀后室温孵育2~6 min，在725~745 nm波长范围内测定吸光度。每个样品重复3次。
1.2.6.3　总抗氧化能力测定
采用碧云天总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒（FRAP法）进行测定。将不同品种荞麦样品溶液与200 µL FRAP工作液（按试剂盒说明书配制）混合均匀，37 ℃水浴孵育5 min，于517 nm波长处测定吸光度。每个样品重复3次。
1.3　统计分析
采用Excel 2007和JMP 9.0.2对试验数据进行方差分析和多重比较。根据方差分析结果估算遗传率，设重复数为b，重复自由度为b-1，品种自由度为v-1，误差自由度为（b-1）（v-1），品种间均方为Mg，误差均方为Me，则遗传方差σ^g2=（Mg-Me）/b，环境方差σ^e2=Me。遗传率（h^2）计算公式如下：
h^2=σ^g2/（σ^e2+σ^g2）
2　结果与分析
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2.1　荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性的多样性分析结果
对10份苦荞种质的营养成分及抗氧化活性进行多样性分析（表2），结果发现苦荞种质总蛋白含量平均值为11.90%，KQ-6种质含量最低（11.55%），KQ-4种质含量最高（12.20%）；总酚含量平均值为1.12 mg/g，KQ-10种质含量最低（0.87 mg/g），KQ-4种质含量最高（1.45 mg/g）；总黄酮含量平均值为4.37 mg/g，KQ-10种质含量最低（2.84 mg/g），KQ-4和KQ-8种质含量最高（5.74 mg/g）；总淀粉含量平均值为653.74 mg/g，KQ-9种质含量最低（484.73 mg/g），KQ-10种质含量最高（801.80 mg/g）；DPPH自由基清除能力平均值为0.84 mg/g，KQ-2种质最低（0.72 mg/g），KQ-1和KQ-8种质最高（1.03 mg/g），KQ1、KQ4和KQ8种质与其他种质间差异显著（P<0.05，下同）；ABTS自由基清除能力平均值为155.37 mmol/g，KQ-5种质最低（49.60 mmol/g），KQ-4种质最高（300.67 mmol/g）；总抗氧化能力平均值为27.84 mmol/kg，KQ-10种质最低（24.34 mmol/kg），KQ-4种质最高（31.58 mmol/kg），大部分种质间差异显著。10份苦荞种质的营养成分及抗氧化活性变异系数介于2.27%~49.36%，其中ABTS自由基清除能力的变异系数最高，表明该性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力；总酚、总黄酮和总淀粉含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力的变异系数在10%~20%；总抗氧化能力的变异系数为7.36%；总蛋白含量的变异系数最低。
对27份甜荞种质的营养成分及抗氧化活性进行多样性分析（表3），结果发现甜荞种质总蛋白含量平均值为11.47%，TQ-24种质含量最低（10.40%），TQ-19种质含量最高（13.01%），且TQ-19与其他种质间差异显著；总酚含量平均值为0.53 mg/g，TQ-13种质含量最低（0.39 mg/g），TQ-27种质含量最高（0.69 mg/g）；总黄酮含量平均值为1.10 mg/g，TQ-6种质含量最低（0.53 mg/g），TQ-1种质含量最高（2.05 mg/g）；总淀粉含量平均值为590.26 mg/g，TQ-2种质含量最低（411.49 mg/g），TQ-15种质含量最高（768.93 mg/g）；DPPH自由基清除能力平均值为0.54 mg/g，TQ-23种质最低（0.27 mg/g），TQ-1种质最高（1.03 mg/g），且2个种质间差异显著；ABTS自由基清除能力平均值为127.50 mmol/g，TQ-9种质最低（64.98 mmol/g），TQ-1种质最高（216.63 mmol/g）；总抗氧化能力平均值为7.87 mmol/kg，TQ-6种质最低（4.73 mmol/kg），TQ-3种质最高（12.94 mmol/kg）。27份甜荞种质的营养成分及抗氧化活性变异系数介于4.62%~35.19%，其中总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力较高（>30%），表明这2个性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力；总酚和总淀粉含量以及ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力的变异系数介于10%~30%；总蛋白含量的变异系数最低。
从各指标平均值来看，苦荞的总蛋白、总酚、总黄酮和总淀粉含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力分别比甜荞高3.75%、111.32%、297.27%、10.75%、55.56%、21.86%和253.75%，其中苦荞总黄酮含量约为甜荞的4倍。以上结果表明，37份荞麦种质资源各性状间差异较大，遗传多样性较为丰富，适宜筛选专用型优异种质资源。
2.2　荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性的遗传率分析结果
荞麦种质遗传率分析结果如表4所示，苦荞总蛋白含量的遗传率（0.378）最小，表明其易受环境影响，育种中不宜在前期进行单株选择。苦荞的总黄酮含量、总淀粉含量、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力以及甜荞的总淀粉含量、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力，其遗传率均大于0.950，表明这些性状具有极强的遗传稳定性，受环境因素影响极低，可在育种前期进行筛选。
2.3　荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性的相关分析结果
荞麦种质相关分析结果如表5和表6所示，不同荞麦种质7个指标间的相关性存在差异。苦荞中，总酚含量与总黄酮含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01，下同），与DPPH自由基清除能力呈显著正相关；总黄酮含量与总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关；DPPH自由基清除能力与ABTS自由基清除能力呈极显著正相关；其他性状间无显著相关性（P>0.05，下同）。值得注意的是，苦荞DPPH自由基清除能力与ABTS自由基清除能力的相关性较强，相关系数为0.927，而总蛋白和总淀粉含量与其他性状间均无显著相关性（表5）。甜荞中，总酚含量与总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力均呈极显著正相关；总黄酮含量与DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力均呈极显著正相关，与总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关；DPPH自由基清除能力与ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力均呈极显著正相关；ABTS自由基清除能力与总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关（表6）。
2.4　荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性的主成分分析结果
对营养成分和抗氧化活性指标进行主成分降维分析，结果如表7所示，苦荞前3个主成分的特征值分别为3.334、1.505和1.036，均大于1，方差贡献率分别为47.6%、21.5%和14.8%，累计方差贡献率为83.9%；甜荞前3个主成分的特征值分别为3.309、1.096和1.020，均大于1，方差贡献率分别为47.3%、16.7%和14.6%，累计方差贡献率为78.6%，以上结果表明前3个主成分能反映大部分信息，因此提取前3个主成分作为评价苦荞和甜荞品质的综合指标。
苦荞的第一主成分（PC1）中载荷值较高的指标为总酚含量（0.892）、总黄酮含量（0.856）、DPPH自由基清除能力（0.770）和ABTS自由基清除能力（0.805），这4个指标对PC1贡献较大；第二主成分（PC2）中总抗氧化能力（0.759）载荷值最高；第三主成分（PC3）中总蛋白含量（0.736）和总淀粉含量（0.679）载荷值较高。甜荞的PC1中载荷值较高的指标为总酚含量（0.862）、总黄酮含量（0.791）、DPPH自由基清除能力（0.866）、ABTS自由基清除能力（0.793）和总抗氧化能力（0.633）；PC2中总蛋白含量（0.643）载荷值最高；PC3中总蛋白含量（0.736）载荷值最高（表7）。
2.5　荞麦种质资源营养成分及抗氧化活性的聚类分析结果
基于7个指标对10份苦荞和27份甜荞种质进行聚类分析。当欧氏距离为15时，10份苦荞种质被分为3个类群（图1）；当欧氏距离为16时，27份甜荞种质被分为3个类群（图2）。各类群主要性状特征见表8。
苦荞中，类群Ⅰ包括5份种质，其总蛋白和总淀粉含量较高，总酚含量中等，而总黄酮含量、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力较低，可作为高总蛋白、高总淀粉育种的候选材料。类群Ⅱ包括2份种质，其总黄酮含量、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力中等，总蛋白、总酚和总淀粉含量较低，可作为总蛋白、总酚、总淀粉性状遗传分析用的杂交亲本。类群Ⅲ包括3份种质，其总酚和总黄酮含量、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力较高，总蛋白和总淀粉含量中等，可作为高总酚、高总黄酮、高抗氧化活性育种的候选材料。
甜荞中，类群Ⅰ包括6份种质，其总蛋白和总黄酮含量较高，ABTS自由基清除能力中等，而总酚和总淀粉含量、DPPH自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力较低，可作为高总蛋白、高总黄酮育种的候选材料。类群Ⅱ包括7份种质，其总抗氧化能力较高，总酚和总淀粉含量、DPPH自由基清除能力中等，而总蛋白和总黄酮含量、ABTS自由基清除能力较低，可作为高总抗氧化能力育种的候选材料。类群Ⅲ包括14份种质，其总酚和总淀粉含量、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力较高，总蛋白和总黄酮含量、总抗氧化能力中等，可作为高总酚、高总淀粉、高DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力育种的候选材料。
3　讨论
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本研究结果表明，苦荞的总酚和总黄酮含量、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力均高于甜荞，与杨红叶等（2011）、王世霞等（2015）的结果一致，进一步支持了苦荞保健功能优于甜荞的普遍认识。此外，本研究中苦荞的总蛋白和总淀粉含量亦高于甜荞，与王世霞等（2015）报道的甜荞和苦荞间淀粉和蛋白质含量无显著差异、且甜荞的淀粉含量高于苦荞的结果不一致，推测是源于供试材料及测定方法的不同。郑冉等（2020）研究表明，遗传变异系数越大，越易筛选出极端品系。本研究中，苦荞的ABTS自由基清除能力以及甜荞的总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力变异系数较高，表明这些性状遗传多样性丰富，选择潜力较大，适宜开展专用型优异资源的筛选。相比之下，苦荞的总抗氧化能力和总蛋白含量、甜荞的总蛋白含量变异系数均小于10%，表明这些性状变异幅度较小、遗传稳定性较高，其中总蛋白含量在苦荞和甜荞中均表现出较高的稳定性。
前人研究表明，当两个性状呈极显著相关时，对其中一个性状的改良往往影响另一个性状（侯元凯等，2011）；尤其当相关系数大于0.707时，可利用一个性状间接描述或预测另一个性状的变异情况（Skinner et al.，1999）。本研究结果显示，苦荞的总酚含量与总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力与ABTS自由基清除能力，以及甜荞的总酚含量与总黄酮含量之间均呈极显著正相关，且相关系数均大于0.707，提示控制这些性状的基因可能存在连锁关系。因此，在高总黄酮和高总酚材料的选育过程中，可将这些性状作为整体，有助于提高育种效率。此外，苦荞和甜荞的总淀粉含量与其他性状间均无显著相关性，且甜荞的遗传率高达0.998，表明该性状具有极强的遗传稳定性，受环境影响较小，在育种早期即可进行单株选择。然而，实际育种中需综合考虑多种因素，增加了选择的复杂性，因此本研究对10份苦荞和27份甜荞种质进行了主成分分析。主成分分析可将多个农艺指标进行降维，客观反映各指标在综合评价中的贡献率（孔德伟等，2005；毕新铜等，2025），目前已广泛应用于荞麦种质资源及杂交后代的评价与筛选（李春花等，2021，2023；常克勤等，2024；薛贤滨等，2024）。本研究中，苦荞和甜荞前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率分别达83.9%和78.6%，可较好反映7个原始性状的大部分信息。根据各主成分的特征向量载荷，苦荞的前3个主成分可分别归纳为酚类及自由基清除能力因子、总抗氧化因子、营养成分因子；甜荞则分别对应酚类及抗氧化活性因子、总蛋白因子、总蛋白因子。这表明苦荞和甜荞在营养成分及抗氧化活性方面的主要决定因素存在差异。
聚类分析将10份苦荞和27分甜荞分别划分为3个类群。苦荞中，类群Ⅰ可作为高总蛋白、高总淀粉育种的候选材料，类群Ⅱ可作为总蛋白、总酚、总淀粉性状遗传分析用的杂交亲本，类群Ⅲ可作为高总酚、高总黄酮、高抗氧化活性育种的候选材料。甜荞中，类群Ⅰ可作为高总蛋白、高总黄酮育种的候选材料，类群Ⅱ可作为高总抗氧化能力育种的候选材料，类群Ⅲ高总酚、高总淀粉、高DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力育种的候选材料，并具有进一步推广为优质新品系的潜力。此外，KQ-4、KQ-10和TQ-1在多个性状上表现极端，可作为杂交育种的极端亲本材料。
4　结论
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苦荞的ABTS自由基清除能力、甜荞的总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力遗传变异丰富，可作为专用型优异种质的目标性状。由主成分分析提取的苦荞酚类及自由基清除能力因子、总抗氧化因子、营养成分因子，以及甜荞酚类及抗氧化活性因子、总蛋白因子，可作为荞麦品质综合评价的核心指标。不同类群的荞麦种质可用于高蛋白含量、高淀粉含量、高酚类含量及高抗氧化能力等专用品种的筛选与利用。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.018
  • 接收时间：2025-07-29
  • 首发时间：2026-09-03
  • 出版时间：2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-29
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    1吉林省白城市农业科学院，吉林 白城 137000

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郭来春（1972-），https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7411-0662，研究员，主要从事燕麦荞麦遗传育种、栽培及综合利用研究工作，E-mail：
任长忠（1964-），https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-2319，研究员，主要从事燕麦荞麦遗传育种、栽培及综合利用研究工作，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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