Article(id=1302212312090309080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1759161600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401209136, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401209136, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401209136, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401209136, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1859, endPage=1873, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212312878838233, articleId=1302212312090309080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Odor change of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis pulp at different ripening stages based on widely targeted metabolomics, columnId=1302212224123167538, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Processing·Storage·Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to investigate change patterns of aroma substances of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis pulp during ripening,providing reference for fruit quality regulation and development and utilization of aroma substances of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis.

Method

Fruits at hard ripening (Y0),softening (R0),cracking (K0),and ripening (Y3) stages of the variety Yemutong Ⅰ of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis were taken as test materials. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis were performed,and KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment and sensory flavor were analyzed based on differential volatile metabolites.

Result

A total of 448 volatile metabolites were detected in pulp of Yemutong Ⅰ at the four stages,with terpenoids and heterocyclic compounds being the most abundant. During the whole tree ripening process of Y0→R0→K0,the differential volatile metabolites were mainly up-regulated;the differential volatile metabolites were mainly down-regulated during the process of Y0→Y3 at room temperature. In Y0 vs R0,the significantly enriched pathway of differential volatile metabolites was biosynthesis of cofactor (P<0.05,the same below),while in Y0 vs K0 and Y0 vs Y3,the significantly different metabolic pathway was sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis,followed by biosynthesis of cofactor. A total of 70 key odor components with ROAV > 1 were identified,among which benzyl mercaptan,3,6-nonadienal,5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone,phenylethyl isovalerate,and other substances showed great influence on shaping pulp odor of Yemutong Ⅰ. ROAV analysis results showed that the odor characteristics of pulp at each ripening stage were relatively consistent:sweet odor type was dominant,with a contribution rate of 84.40%-89.89%,followed by spicy and floral odor types,with contribution rates of 2.89%-5.02% and 2.71%-3.35% respectively. Fruity and green odor types were the common sensory flavor characteristics annotated to the differential volatile metabolites across all comparison groups.

Conclusion

Pulp of Yemutong Ⅰ exhibits a complex odor type covering green,fruity,and sweet odors,forming a distinctive flavor characteri-zed by sweet and refreshing,tender and smooth,with rich fruity odor and a subtle hint of coconut substances. During the two ripening processes of tree-ripening and post-harvest ripening at room temperature,the overall pulp odor exhibits relatively minor changes. Therefore,fruits harvested at the softening stage are suitable for fresh consumption or short distance transportation,while those at the hard-ripening stage are more appropriate for storage and long distance transportation.

, authors=Feng LONG1, 2, Xian-hang LI1, 2, Yi XIONG1, 2, Li-jun CHEN1, 2, Hua-lei WANG1, 2, Hong-chang LIU1, 2, Hui LUO3, authorsList=Feng LONG, Xian-hang LI, Yi XIONG, Li-jun CHEN, Hua-lei WANG, Hong-chang LIU, Hui LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-chang LIU, Hui LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212317870060014, articleId=1302212312090309080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=基于广泛靶向代谢组学分析白木通果肉不同成熟期的香气变化, columnId=1302212224328688436, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=加工·贮藏·质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究白木通果肉成熟过程中香气物质的变化规律,为白木通果实品质调控及香气物质开发利用提供参考依据。

方法

以白木通品种野牧童Ⅰ号果实硬熟期(Y0)、软化期(R0)、开裂期(K0)和后熟期(Y3)的果肉为试验材料,进行广泛靶向代谢组学和代谢物相对香气活性值(ROAV)分析,并基于差异挥发性代谢物进行KEGG代谢通路富集和感官风味分析。

结果

野牧童Ⅰ号4个时期果肉中共检测到448种挥发性代谢物,以萜类和杂环化合物的种类最多。Y0→R0→K0的整个树熟过程中,差异挥发性代谢物以上调为主,在Y0→Y3室温放熟过程中,差异挥发性代谢物以下调为主。Y0 vs R0差异挥发性代谢物富集显著的代谢通路为辅因子的生物合成(P<0.05,下同),Y0 vs K0和Y0 vs Y3中差异显著的代谢通路均为倍半萜和三萜生物合成,其次是辅因子的生物合成。4个时期果肉中鉴定出70种ROAV>1的关键香气成分,其中苯甲硫醇、3,6-壬二烯醛、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、异戊酸苯乙酯等物质对野牧童Ⅰ号果肉香气的形成有重大影响。ROAV分析结果表明,果肉各成熟期的香味特征较为一致,甜香型占主要比重,贡献率为84.40%~89.89%,其次是辛香型和花香型,贡献率分别为2.89%~5.02%和2.71%~3.35%。果香和青香为各比较组中差异挥发性代谢物所注释到的共同感官风味特征。

结论

野牧童Ⅰ号果肉覆盖了青香、果香、甜香等多种香型,形成了其甘甜清润、鲜甜滑嫩、果香浓郁又带有淡淡椰子香的特殊风味。在树熟和采摘后室温放熟2个成熟过程中,果肉的整体香气变化较小,可将软化期采摘的果实作鲜食或短距离运输,硬熟期的果实作贮藏或长途运输。

, authors=龙凤1, 2, 李贤航1, 2, 熊毅1, 2, 陈莉君1, 2, 王华磊1, 2, 刘红昌1, 2, *, *, 罗辉3, *, *, authorsList=龙凤, 李贤航, 熊毅, 陈莉君, 王华磊, 刘红昌, 罗辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘红昌, 罗辉, authorNote=

龙凤(1998-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2862-110X,研究方向为药用植物栽培,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘红昌(1979-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-4526,博士,副教授,主要从事药用植物遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
罗辉(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7382-5216,高级工程师,主要从事林业科技推广及技术研究工作,E-mail:
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Food Chemistry339:128136., articleTitle=Characterization of the key aroma compounds in Laoshan green teas by application of odour activity value (OAV),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectro-metry (GC×GC-qMS), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212318180438511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212318193021424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, companyId=1302212318180438511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212318201410033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, companyId=1302212318180438511, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1贵州大学农学院,贵州 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212318268518898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212318276907507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, companyId=1302212318268518898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Guizhou Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Resource-Efficient Utilization of Dao-di Herbs,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212318285296116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, companyId=1302212318268518898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2贵州省道地药材种质创新与资源高效利用全省重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212318364987893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212318373376502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, companyId=1302212318364987893, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Station,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212318377570807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, companyId=1302212318364987893, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3贵州省林业科技推广总站,贵州 贵阳 550001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212325214286383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Appearance traits of fruits at different ripening stages of Yemutong Ⅰ, figureFileSmall=dHNXq4alG/lLlr6d2WADjA==, figureFileBig=9lcGRY13ra0FNcPmwUNRLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325277200944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图1, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果实的外观性状, figureFileSmall=dHNXq4alG/lLlr6d2WADjA==, figureFileBig=9lcGRY13ra0FNcPmwUNRLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325491110449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Total ion overlay chromatogram of quality control samples in mass spectrometry detection, figureFileSmall=y9ac0BtQeZ5/QX2Dk5KFqg==, figureFileBig=12EkC8NHZ7e8SxpH5VNZQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325562413618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图2, caption=质控样本质谱检测总离子流重叠图

时间(min)Time

, figureFileSmall=y9ac0BtQeZ5/QX2Dk5KFqg==, figureFileBig=12EkC8NHZ7e8SxpH5VNZQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325642105395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=PCA results of samples at different ripening stages of Yemutong I, figureFileSmall=V3Ik/QXS03YDdbwiYV9Bzw==, figureFileBig=YjCZRk8JPuhpP6R3wpVpkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325713408564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图3, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期样本间的PCA分析结果, figureFileSmall=V3Ik/QXS03YDdbwiYV9Bzw==, figureFileBig=YjCZRk8JPuhpP6R3wpVpkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325788906037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Cluster heatmap of volatile metabolite contents in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I, figureFileSmall=B90LmW2E5CXhPgVJg7Yhsw==, figureFileBig=g3ktB1KFU8f6mYOsbes5nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325856014902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图4, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉挥发性代谢物含量聚类热图, figureFileSmall=B90LmW2E5CXhPgVJg7Yhsw==, figureFileBig=g3ktB1KFU8f6mYOsbes5nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325927318071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of counts of differential volatile metabolites in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I, figureFileSmall=Uj13k1kICHZuWCRxQPsasQ==, figureFileBig=avJV0goLYPK6AJnxi1x9kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212325994426936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图5, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉中差异挥发性代谢物数量比较, figureFileSmall=Uj13k1kICHZuWCRxQPsasQ==, figureFileBig=avJV0goLYPK6AJnxi1x9kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326078313017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Distribution of top 20 volatile metabolites in terms of fold change in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I, figureFileSmall=fRnpCg53hVpHlew5Z9D+iw==, figureFileBig=N52YclGFM7L5AnL7sePVKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326137033274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图6, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉中差异倍数变化排名前20的挥发性代谢物分布情况, figureFileSmall=fRnpCg53hVpHlew5Z9D+iw==, figureFileBig=N52YclGFM7L5AnL7sePVKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326258668091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis results of differential volatile metabolites in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I, figureFileSmall=8ipWOz+YoN+vwTwoEIIFJw==, figureFileBig=f1kQpCXuhXTLMySy9pFzfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326325776956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图7, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉中差异挥发性代谢物KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果, figureFileSmall=8ipWOz+YoN+vwTwoEIIFJw==, figureFileBig=f1kQpCXuhXTLMySy9pFzfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326384497213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Radar chart (A) and contribution rate (B) of odor type distribution in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I, figureFileSmall=+Iya5LZ3NxXmJR7GsTjbYA==, figureFileBig=Apdl/xLbSDI1Z/nS4AA9NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326459994686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图8, caption=野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉香型分布雷达图(A)及贡献率(B), figureFileSmall=+Iya5LZ3NxXmJR7GsTjbYA==, figureFileBig=Apdl/xLbSDI1Z/nS4AA9NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326749401663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Flavor analysis results of pulp in different comparison groups, figureFileSmall=AUISgyJq01eb7hpAOQT9KQ==, figureFileBig=RXFkgW4UQ7bG4R5eusQDEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326820704832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同比较组果肉风味分析结果

最内圈为比较组;第2圈为该比较组差异挥发性代谢物注释到的前10种风味数量最多的感官特征,括号内数字表示注释到该感官风味特征的差异挥发性代谢物数量;最外圈表示差异挥发性代谢物,若注释到某感官风味特征的差异挥发性代谢物超过10种,则展示VIP最大的前10种差异挥发性代谢物

, figureFileSmall=AUISgyJq01eb7hpAOQT9KQ==, figureFileBig=RXFkgW4UQ7bG4R5eusQDEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212326887813697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Relative contents of volatile metabolites in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类
Class
数量
Count
相对含量(μg/kg) Relative content
Y0R0K0Y3
醚类 Ether11.84±0.433.23±0.294.27±0.703.53±0.32
胺类 Amine781.12±15.9398.57±3.06105.54±5.0199.94±16.23
酚类 Phenol10168.70±3.17221.37±6.27230.57±7.59209.39±5.76
酸类 Acid6180.08±14.50238.10±30.05251.67±11.85234.48±11.47
芳烃类 Aromatics27325.30±23.38453.22±15.75471.24±63.10418.14±34.32
醇类 Alcohol411263.13±99.741663.19±135.681724.25±55.631640.61±65.98
烃类 Hydrocarbon522343.02±557.564375.86±685.174664.84±308.434430.90±66.79
醛类 Aldehyde382904.42±334.834133.49±202.474263.22±102.843945.66±248.91
酮类 Ketone273590.47±66.104142.81±278.444258.30±70.994064.81±113.73
酯类 Ester684187.86±445.316642.87±411.736489.43±209.536582.59±159.03
卤代烃类 Halogenated hydrocarbon331.58±9.1553.15±11.6354.62±2.3746.44±0.88
萜类 Terpenoid7910001.46±284.3815224.60±682.8015855.32±813.3914262.65±698.05
含硫化合物 Sulfur compound2527.33±18.12608.88±32.46638.71±26.45568.08±35.36
含氮化合物 Nitrogen compound4619.71±7.07719.06±41.38773.26±92.45695.73±46.56
杂环化合物 Heterocyclic compound778486.31±308.8912063.34±392.2912623.02±278.7711711.65±470.14
其他 Others698.92±24.61162.27±8.06179.41±28.01145.21±4.54
), ArticleFig(id=1302212326950728258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉中挥发性代谢物的相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类
Class
数量
Count
相对含量(μg/kg) Relative content
Y0R0K0Y3
醚类 Ether11.84±0.433.23±0.294.27±0.703.53±0.32
胺类 Amine781.12±15.9398.57±3.06105.54±5.0199.94±16.23
酚类 Phenol10168.70±3.17221.37±6.27230.57±7.59209.39±5.76
酸类 Acid6180.08±14.50238.10±30.05251.67±11.85234.48±11.47
芳烃类 Aromatics27325.30±23.38453.22±15.75471.24±63.10418.14±34.32
醇类 Alcohol411263.13±99.741663.19±135.681724.25±55.631640.61±65.98
烃类 Hydrocarbon522343.02±557.564375.86±685.174664.84±308.434430.90±66.79
醛类 Aldehyde382904.42±334.834133.49±202.474263.22±102.843945.66±248.91
酮类 Ketone273590.47±66.104142.81±278.444258.30±70.994064.81±113.73
酯类 Ester684187.86±445.316642.87±411.736489.43±209.536582.59±159.03
卤代烃类 Halogenated hydrocarbon331.58±9.1553.15±11.6354.62±2.3746.44±0.88
萜类 Terpenoid7910001.46±284.3815224.60±682.8015855.32±813.3914262.65±698.05
含硫化合物 Sulfur compound2527.33±18.12608.88±32.46638.71±26.45568.08±35.36
含氮化合物 Nitrogen compound4619.71±7.07719.06±41.38773.26±92.45695.73±46.56
杂环化合物 Heterocyclic compound778486.31±308.8912063.34±392.2912623.02±278.7711711.65±470.14
其他 Others698.92±24.61162.27±8.06179.41±28.01145.21±4.54
), ArticleFig(id=1302212327026225731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Table2, caption=

Classes and counts of differential volatile metabolites in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物种类
Metabolite class
比较组
Comparison group
Y0 vs R0R0 vs K0Y0 vs K0Y0 vs Y3
胺类 Amine1022
醇类 Alcohol801715
芳烃类 Aromatics7073
酚类 Phenol2041
含氮化合物
Nitrogen compound
1020
醛类 Aldehyde9099
萜类 Terpenoid2503919
烃类 Hydrocarbon1702413
酮类 Ketone5196
杂环化合物
Heterocyclic compound
2202721
醚类 Ether0011
卤代烃类
Halogenated hydrocarbon
0022
酯类 Ester2422622
其他 Others1010
), ArticleFig(id=1302212327114306116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉中差异挥发性代谢物种类及数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物种类
Metabolite class
比较组
Comparison group
Y0 vs R0R0 vs K0Y0 vs K0Y0 vs Y3
胺类 Amine1022
醇类 Alcohol801715
芳烃类 Aromatics7073
酚类 Phenol2041
含氮化合物
Nitrogen compound
1020
醛类 Aldehyde9099
萜类 Terpenoid2503919
烃类 Hydrocarbon1702413
酮类 Ketone5196
杂环化合物
Heterocyclic compound
2202721
醚类 Ether0011
卤代烃类
Halogenated hydrocarbon
0022
酯类 Ester2422622
其他 Others1010
), ArticleFig(id=1302212327206580805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=EN, label=Table3, caption=

ROAV and odor type in pulp at different ripening stages of Yemutong I

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
Number
香型
Odor type
香气物质
Odor substance
CAS号
CAS number
香气描述
Odor description
香气阈值(μg/kg)
Odor threshold
ROAV
Y0R0K0Y3
1脂香型反式-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-84-5鸡肉脂肪气味0.0737.1332.4335.9633.41
2(Z)-癸-2-烯醛2497-25-8牛脂味502.993.723.883.54
3反式-2-癸烯醛3913-81-3淡淡脂肪气息51.442.362.402.29
4(E,E)-2,4-十一烯醛30361-29-6油脂、蜡味12.142.923.303.03
5辛香型月桂烯123-35-3胡椒香、甜香脂气味151.050.910.930.90
6邻伞花烃527-84-4汽油味11.441.041.591.451.29
7苯甲硫醇100-53-8夏普、大蒜、洋葱味0.00359288.2310792.5911225.998650.02
85-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮2407-43-4辛香9.752.7558.654.3854.16
9青香型E-2-辛烯醛2548-87-0黄瓜味、脂肪气息310.838.939.238.38
10反-2-庚醛18829-55-5未成熟绿色蔬菜味131.260.410.400.36
115-甲基糠醛620-02-0辛香、枫木香5001.181.191.101.11
12(Z)-3-己烯醇928-96-1新鲜叶子、青果青香507.988.778.829.08
131-庚醇111-70-6青草香气312.569.919.359.21
143,6-壬二烯醛21944-83-2脂肪、肥皂味0.052936.613675.733776.283533.82
152-异丁基噻唑18640-74-9女贞、番茄味3.53.554.805.034.48
16木香型萜品油烯586-62-9松木香气、微带甜的柑橘味2000.991.271.201.22
176,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇515-00-4木香、清新草香71.672.752.852.33
18甜香型5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮698-10-2甜香、焦糖香0.002156948.07300962.90351158.02263931.10
19癸醇112-30-1橙花甜香、蜜蜡香231.573.043.293.09
20香叶醇106-24-1甜香、玫瑰花香6.634.5643.4845.5941.50
21丙位辛内酯104-50-7甜香、香草豆香17.95.8711.2511.3111.26
222-羟基-3,4-二甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮21835-00-7浓焦糖味2012.4312.2012.3511.60
23花香型癸醛112-31-2柑橘、花香0.178.70147.72163.50142.95
24反-4-癸烯醛65405-70-1新鲜甜橙花味250.681.101.201.11
25反-2,顺6-壬二烯醇28069-72-9紫罗兰香气13.655.407.134.80
262-甲基-苯甲醛529-20-4轻度花香、甜香9.60.750.960.971.04
273,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇7212-44-4玫瑰花香、苹果香100.301.151.301.16
28二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯24851-98-7茉莉花香略带果香130.511.321.751.16
296-十一烷醇23708-56-7淡甜脂蜡、带有玫瑰花香8.62.234.064.384.13
30芳樟醇78-70-6花香味618.9124.2925.0923.46
31苯甲酸甲酯93-58-3腊梅花香0.5236.3945.7546.7343.81
32(2S-顺)-四氢化-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃3033-23-6新鲜玫瑰花香0.2987.53981.371092.791007.62
33四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃16409-43-1甜香、玫瑰芳香0.2987.53981.371092.791007.62
34异戊酸苯乙酯140-26-1玫瑰花香、甜香0.014405.237837.828149.167367.95
35果香型3-巯基己基乙酸酯136954-20-6柚子味、果味0.02287.98363.05356.45344.69
36四氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮823-22-3果味、椰子香26.833.848.018.458.98
37δ-癸内酯705-86-2果香、椰子果香660.811.912.112.06
38(Z)-2-庚醛57266-86-1甜杏果香131.260.410.400.36
39反-2-十二烯醛20407-84-5柑橘、橙子味7.30.641.822.041.94
40反式-2-辛烯-1-醇18409-17-1青柑橘味201.481.972.081.91
414-十一烷酮14476-37-0果香411.082.012.241.91
422-甲基丁基己酸酯2601-13-0强烈的水果青香321.802.172.442.07
432-戊基呋喃3777-69-3果香、青香612.532.703.092.67
44癸酸甲酯110-42-9果香、花香4.33.894.453.955.49
45异丁酸2-甲基丁酯2445-69-4香蕉果香144.345.776.095.53
46庚酸乙酯106-30-9菠萝果香24.2710.0410.6411.28
47异丁酸庚酯2349-13-5苹果、樱桃、杏味1210.9812.7813.3512.15
48丙酸己酯2445-76-3梨味810.2314.1114.7013.63
49(E)-4-壬醛2277-16-9果香2.219.4522.7121.9022.18
50十二腈2437-25-4柑橘、橘子果香0.09738.661319.781417.721287.87
51二甲萘烷醇19700-21-1新鲜霉土气、似柑橘香0.214.4912.9314.0613.17
52(Z)-6-壬醛2277-19-2哈密瓜、甜瓜味0.143700.795200.085450.195020.40
53草香型甲基异冰片2371-42-8薄荷气息0.48290.00503.59536.46486.56
54顺-7-癸烯醛21661-97-2橘香、草香2.23.147.117.617.00
551,3,8-对-薄荷烯18368-95-1松节油香气、樟脑香151.301.691.601.32
56香芹酮99-49-0薄荷、甘草672.643.333.483.18
57左旋香芹酮6485-40-1草本、薄荷味855.426.396.396.02
58(S)-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醛18031-40-8新鲜青草、薄荷味309.2419.3120.6018.17
59脱氢Β-环柠檬醛116-26-7草本、迷迭香、烟草3264.27335.53353.22319.28
60(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮30086-02-3青草气息0.5883.981161.731201.441103.66
61其他香型5-甲基-2-呋喃甲硫醇59303-05-8硫磺、焙烤、咖啡0.051984.231978.182218.121940.12
62十三烷629-50-5特殊烃类气味420.761.741.771.52
63茚满496-11-7麝香香气100.880.950.911.21
64邻甲酚95-48-7苯酚味3.91.301.641.431.29
651,4-二乙基-苯105-05-5芳香烃气味2.11.021.861.571.36
662-甲氧基-3-甲基吡嗪2847-30-5烤杏仁、榛子32.192.212.282.18
672-甲基-3-(甲硫基)-吡嗪2882-20-4坚果、杏仁味14.108.999.308.26
682-乙酰基噻吩88-15-3榛子、核桃味130.7544.7246.2644.79
692-乙氧基-3-甲基吡嗪32737-14-7炒榛子、杏仁味0.873.7677.7278.6477.31
705-甲基-2-庚-4-酮102322-83-8榛子、坚果味0.051752.512016.471951.102059.42
), ArticleFig(id=1302212327315632710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212312090309080, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉ROAV和香气类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
Number
香型
Odor type
香气物质
Odor substance
CAS号
CAS number
香气描述
Odor description
香气阈值(μg/kg)
Odor threshold
ROAV
Y0R0K0Y3
1脂香型反式-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-84-5鸡肉脂肪气味0.0737.1332.4335.9633.41
2(Z)-癸-2-烯醛2497-25-8牛脂味502.993.723.883.54
3反式-2-癸烯醛3913-81-3淡淡脂肪气息51.442.362.402.29
4(E,E)-2,4-十一烯醛30361-29-6油脂、蜡味12.142.923.303.03
5辛香型月桂烯123-35-3胡椒香、甜香脂气味151.050.910.930.90
6邻伞花烃527-84-4汽油味11.441.041.591.451.29
7苯甲硫醇100-53-8夏普、大蒜、洋葱味0.00359288.2310792.5911225.998650.02
85-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮2407-43-4辛香9.752.7558.654.3854.16
9青香型E-2-辛烯醛2548-87-0黄瓜味、脂肪气息310.838.939.238.38
10反-2-庚醛18829-55-5未成熟绿色蔬菜味131.260.410.400.36
115-甲基糠醛620-02-0辛香、枫木香5001.181.191.101.11
12(Z)-3-己烯醇928-96-1新鲜叶子、青果青香507.988.778.829.08
131-庚醇111-70-6青草香气312.569.919.359.21
143,6-壬二烯醛21944-83-2脂肪、肥皂味0.052936.613675.733776.283533.82
152-异丁基噻唑18640-74-9女贞、番茄味3.53.554.805.034.48
16木香型萜品油烯586-62-9松木香气、微带甜的柑橘味2000.991.271.201.22
176,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇515-00-4木香、清新草香71.672.752.852.33
18甜香型5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮698-10-2甜香、焦糖香0.002156948.07300962.90351158.02263931.10
19癸醇112-30-1橙花甜香、蜜蜡香231.573.043.293.09
20香叶醇106-24-1甜香、玫瑰花香6.634.5643.4845.5941.50
21丙位辛内酯104-50-7甜香、香草豆香17.95.8711.2511.3111.26
222-羟基-3,4-二甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮21835-00-7浓焦糖味2012.4312.2012.3511.60
23花香型癸醛112-31-2柑橘、花香0.178.70147.72163.50142.95
24反-4-癸烯醛65405-70-1新鲜甜橙花味250.681.101.201.11
25反-2,顺6-壬二烯醇28069-72-9紫罗兰香气13.655.407.134.80
262-甲基-苯甲醛529-20-4轻度花香、甜香9.60.750.960.971.04
273,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇7212-44-4玫瑰花香、苹果香100.301.151.301.16
28二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯24851-98-7茉莉花香略带果香130.511.321.751.16
296-十一烷醇23708-56-7淡甜脂蜡、带有玫瑰花香8.62.234.064.384.13
30芳樟醇78-70-6花香味618.9124.2925.0923.46
31苯甲酸甲酯93-58-3腊梅花香0.5236.3945.7546.7343.81
32(2S-顺)-四氢化-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃3033-23-6新鲜玫瑰花香0.2987.53981.371092.791007.62
33四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃16409-43-1甜香、玫瑰芳香0.2987.53981.371092.791007.62
34异戊酸苯乙酯140-26-1玫瑰花香、甜香0.014405.237837.828149.167367.95
35果香型3-巯基己基乙酸酯136954-20-6柚子味、果味0.02287.98363.05356.45344.69
36四氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮823-22-3果味、椰子香26.833.848.018.458.98
37δ-癸内酯705-86-2果香、椰子果香660.811.912.112.06
38(Z)-2-庚醛57266-86-1甜杏果香131.260.410.400.36
39反-2-十二烯醛20407-84-5柑橘、橙子味7.30.641.822.041.94
40反式-2-辛烯-1-醇18409-17-1青柑橘味201.481.972.081.91
414-十一烷酮14476-37-0果香411.082.012.241.91
422-甲基丁基己酸酯2601-13-0强烈的水果青香321.802.172.442.07
432-戊基呋喃3777-69-3果香、青香612.532.703.092.67
44癸酸甲酯110-42-9果香、花香4.33.894.453.955.49
45异丁酸2-甲基丁酯2445-69-4香蕉果香144.345.776.095.53
46庚酸乙酯106-30-9菠萝果香24.2710.0410.6411.28
47异丁酸庚酯2349-13-5苹果、樱桃、杏味1210.9812.7813.3512.15
48丙酸己酯2445-76-3梨味810.2314.1114.7013.63
49(E)-4-壬醛2277-16-9果香2.219.4522.7121.9022.18
50十二腈2437-25-4柑橘、橘子果香0.09738.661319.781417.721287.87
51二甲萘烷醇19700-21-1新鲜霉土气、似柑橘香0.214.4912.9314.0613.17
52(Z)-6-壬醛2277-19-2哈密瓜、甜瓜味0.143700.795200.085450.195020.40
53草香型甲基异冰片2371-42-8薄荷气息0.48290.00503.59536.46486.56
54顺-7-癸烯醛21661-97-2橘香、草香2.23.147.117.617.00
551,3,8-对-薄荷烯18368-95-1松节油香气、樟脑香151.301.691.601.32
56香芹酮99-49-0薄荷、甘草672.643.333.483.18
57左旋香芹酮6485-40-1草本、薄荷味855.426.396.396.02
58(S)-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醛18031-40-8新鲜青草、薄荷味309.2419.3120.6018.17
59脱氢Β-环柠檬醛116-26-7草本、迷迭香、烟草3264.27335.53353.22319.28
60(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮30086-02-3青草气息0.5883.981161.731201.441103.66
61其他香型5-甲基-2-呋喃甲硫醇59303-05-8硫磺、焙烤、咖啡0.051984.231978.182218.121940.12
62十三烷629-50-5特殊烃类气味420.761.741.771.52
63茚满496-11-7麝香香气100.880.950.911.21
64邻甲酚95-48-7苯酚味3.91.301.641.431.29
651,4-二乙基-苯105-05-5芳香烃气味2.11.021.861.571.36
662-甲氧基-3-甲基吡嗪2847-30-5烤杏仁、榛子32.192.212.282.18
672-甲基-3-(甲硫基)-吡嗪2882-20-4坚果、杏仁味14.108.999.308.26
682-乙酰基噻吩88-15-3榛子、核桃味130.7544.7246.2644.79
692-乙氧基-3-甲基吡嗪32737-14-7炒榛子、杏仁味0.873.7677.7278.6477.31
705-甲基-2-庚-4-酮102322-83-8榛子、坚果味0.051752.512016.471951.102059.42
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基于广泛靶向代谢组学分析白木通果肉不同成熟期的香气变化
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龙凤 1, 2 , 李贤航 1, 2 , 熊毅 1, 2 , 陈莉君 1, 2 , 王华磊 1, 2 , 刘红昌 1, 2, *, * , 罗辉 3, *, *
南方农业学报 | 加工·贮藏·质量安全 2026,57(6): 1859-1873
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南方农业学报 |加工·贮藏·质量安全 2026 , 57 (6) : 1859 -1873
基于广泛靶向代谢组学分析白木通果肉不同成熟期的香气变化
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龙凤1, 2 , 李贤航1, 2, 熊毅1, 2, 陈莉君1, 2, 王华磊1, 2, 刘红昌1, 2, *, * , 罗辉3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州大学农学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2贵州省道地药材种质创新与资源高效利用全省重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 3贵州省林业科技推广总站,贵州 贵阳 550001
通讯作者:
刘红昌(1979-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-4526,博士,副教授,主要从事药用植物遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
罗辉(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7382-5216,高级工程师,主要从事林业科技推广及技术研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

龙凤(1998-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2862-110X,研究方向为药用植物栽培,E-mail:

Odor change of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis pulp at different ripening stages based on widely targeted metabolomics
Feng LONG1, 2 , Xian-hang LI1, 2, Yi XIONG1, 2, Li-jun CHEN1, 2, Hua-lei WANG1, 2, Hong-chang LIU1, 2 , Hui LUO3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China
  • 2Guizhou Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Resource-Efficient Utilization of Dao-di Herbs,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China
  • 3Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Station,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.021
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目的

研究白木通果肉成熟过程中香气物质的变化规律,为白木通果实品质调控及香气物质开发利用提供参考依据。

方法

以白木通品种野牧童Ⅰ号果实硬熟期(Y0)、软化期(R0)、开裂期(K0)和后熟期(Y3)的果肉为试验材料,进行广泛靶向代谢组学和代谢物相对香气活性值(ROAV)分析,并基于差异挥发性代谢物进行KEGG代谢通路富集和感官风味分析。

结果

野牧童Ⅰ号4个时期果肉中共检测到448种挥发性代谢物,以萜类和杂环化合物的种类最多。Y0→R0→K0的整个树熟过程中,差异挥发性代谢物以上调为主,在Y0→Y3室温放熟过程中,差异挥发性代谢物以下调为主。Y0 vs R0差异挥发性代谢物富集显著的代谢通路为辅因子的生物合成(P<0.05,下同),Y0 vs K0和Y0 vs Y3中差异显著的代谢通路均为倍半萜和三萜生物合成,其次是辅因子的生物合成。4个时期果肉中鉴定出70种ROAV>1的关键香气成分,其中苯甲硫醇、3,6-壬二烯醛、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、异戊酸苯乙酯等物质对野牧童Ⅰ号果肉香气的形成有重大影响。ROAV分析结果表明,果肉各成熟期的香味特征较为一致,甜香型占主要比重,贡献率为84.40%~89.89%,其次是辛香型和花香型,贡献率分别为2.89%~5.02%和2.71%~3.35%。果香和青香为各比较组中差异挥发性代谢物所注释到的共同感官风味特征。

结论

野牧童Ⅰ号果肉覆盖了青香、果香、甜香等多种香型,形成了其甘甜清润、鲜甜滑嫩、果香浓郁又带有淡淡椰子香的特殊风味。在树熟和采摘后室温放熟2个成熟过程中,果肉的整体香气变化较小,可将软化期采摘的果实作鲜食或短距离运输,硬熟期的果实作贮藏或长途运输。

白木通  /  野牧童Ⅰ号  /  果肉  /  成熟期  /  广泛靶向代谢组学  /  香气物质
Objective

This study aimed to investigate change patterns of aroma substances of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis pulp during ripening,providing reference for fruit quality regulation and development and utilization of aroma substances of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis.

Method

Fruits at hard ripening (Y0),softening (R0),cracking (K0),and ripening (Y3) stages of the variety Yemutong Ⅰ of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis were taken as test materials. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis were performed,and KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment and sensory flavor were analyzed based on differential volatile metabolites.

Result

A total of 448 volatile metabolites were detected in pulp of Yemutong Ⅰ at the four stages,with terpenoids and heterocyclic compounds being the most abundant. During the whole tree ripening process of Y0→R0→K0,the differential volatile metabolites were mainly up-regulated;the differential volatile metabolites were mainly down-regulated during the process of Y0→Y3 at room temperature. In Y0 vs R0,the significantly enriched pathway of differential volatile metabolites was biosynthesis of cofactor (P<0.05,the same below),while in Y0 vs K0 and Y0 vs Y3,the significantly different metabolic pathway was sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis,followed by biosynthesis of cofactor. A total of 70 key odor components with ROAV > 1 were identified,among which benzyl mercaptan,3,6-nonadienal,5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone,phenylethyl isovalerate,and other substances showed great influence on shaping pulp odor of Yemutong Ⅰ. ROAV analysis results showed that the odor characteristics of pulp at each ripening stage were relatively consistent:sweet odor type was dominant,with a contribution rate of 84.40%-89.89%,followed by spicy and floral odor types,with contribution rates of 2.89%-5.02% and 2.71%-3.35% respectively. Fruity and green odor types were the common sensory flavor characteristics annotated to the differential volatile metabolites across all comparison groups.

Conclusion

Pulp of Yemutong Ⅰ exhibits a complex odor type covering green,fruity,and sweet odors,forming a distinctive flavor characteri-zed by sweet and refreshing,tender and smooth,with rich fruity odor and a subtle hint of coconut substances. During the two ripening processes of tree-ripening and post-harvest ripening at room temperature,the overall pulp odor exhibits relatively minor changes. Therefore,fruits harvested at the softening stage are suitable for fresh consumption or short distance transportation,while those at the hard-ripening stage are more appropriate for storage and long distance transportation.

Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis  /  Yemutong Ⅰ  /  pulp  /  ripening stage  /  widely targeted metabolomics  /  odor substances
龙凤, 李贤航, 熊毅, 陈莉君, 王华磊, 刘红昌, 罗辉. 基于广泛靶向代谢组学分析白木通果肉不同成熟期的香气变化. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1859 -1873 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.021
Feng LONG, Xian-hang LI, Yi XIONG, Li-jun CHEN, Hua-lei WANG, Hong-chang LIU, Hui LUO. Odor change of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis pulp at different ripening stages based on widely targeted metabolomics[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1859 -1873 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.021
【研究意义】白木通(Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis)为木通科(Lardizabalaceae)木通属(Akebia)多年生缠绕型木质藤本植物,其果肉香甜软糯,含有丰富的常量元素、微量元素、氨基酸、总糖等,营养价值高于市场上常见的苹果、桃、香蕉等水果,常食用有助于预防心血管、肠胃炎等疾病,具有广泛的用途和较大的开发潜力(唐成林等,2021杨玉宁等,2021朱绍荣等,2022)。目前,针对木通属果实香气物质的研究较少,前人采用气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)技术从八月瓜(三叶木通)中鉴定出42种香气成分,占总香气成分含量的94.2%(吴莹和张百忍,2012)。因此,研究白木通果实成熟过程中果肉香气代谢物的变化,对其采摘、品质调控、香气物质的开发利用具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】香气活性值(OAV)是衡量气味化合物在混合物中实际可感知强度的指标,用于阐明每种香气化合物对果实整体香气特征的贡献;一般认为OAV越大的化合物对香气的整体贡献越大,OAV>1则表明该化合物对果实风味有直接贡献,近年来OAV被广泛应用于确定各类水果的关键风味化合物(Zhu et al.,2016Grimm and Steinhaus,2019李晓颍等,2021)。果实的独特香气是各类挥发性物质相互作用而形成的结果,香气不仅能直观反映果实的成熟度、风味等品质,还能与消费者的情感和认知产生联系,在帮助品牌实现差异化和增加市场竞争力等方面发挥着重要作用(Kulkarni et al.,2012Bai et al.,2022李亚茹等,2025)。张帅等(2023)在象牙蕉果实后熟过程中共检测出36种挥发性风味成分,(E)-2-壬烯醛、正己醛、2-正戊基呋喃等化合物是象牙蕉的关键香气成分。孔方南等(2024)在不同成熟度红果参果实中共鉴定出18种OAV>1的关键香气物质,其中月桂烯为成熟度Ⅲ独有的香气物质,可作为鉴别红果参成熟的关键物质,芳樟醇和橙花醚的OAV>1000,对红果参的香气影响显著。文英杰等(2025)通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)从荔枝品种离娘香中筛选出391种挥发性物质与其他3个品种(桂味、糯米糍、凤山红灯笼)存在差异,结合OAV>1筛选出41种差异特征香气物质,其中甲酸-3-巯基-3-甲基丁酯、反式-2-壬醛、反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛等18种差异特征香气物质可能是离娘香呈现与其他3个品种不同风味的特征物质。已有研究表明,果实成熟过程中不同阶段的挥发性成分存在差异,如香蕉果实在不同成熟期的香气成分主要为醛类、酯类、醇类和其他烷烃挥发性物质,其中绿熟期以反式-2-壬醛和反式-2-,顺-6-壬二烯醛为主,黄熟期以反式-2-己烯醛、异丁酸异戊酯和己醛为主,过熟期则以乙酸异戊酯为主(梁水连等,2021Zhou et al.,2023);青梅果实在花后30~125 d的生长发育过程中,果实香气由苹果香转向杏仁香,再转变为菠萝、柑橘等香气,其中丁酸乙酯、β-月桂烯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、苯甲醛和壬醛为青梅主要特征香气物质(刘敏欣等,2023);在香橙果实成熟过程中,萜烯类物质变化较大,其相对含量在果皮中呈上升趋势,在果肉中略微下降(吴群等,2023);福红李果实在花后130、140和150 d主要的积累物质分别为醇类、醛类和酯类,表明不同成熟阶段的果实具有不同的香气特征(林炎娟等,2024)。此外,百香果、草莓、枣等果实在不同成熟度下的香气物质及含量也存在一定差异(罗杨等,2022冯佳等,2023王丽娜等,2023)。【本研究切入点】目前,针对木通属植物的研究主要集中在药理与药效、栽培与品种选育、果实营养成分、贮藏与加工等方面(刘岩庭等,2012唐成林等,2021游彩云等,2021杨玉宁等,2022李佳等,2023),对于果实成熟过程中果肉香气代谢物的研究鲜见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】以白木通品种野牧童Ⅰ号果实为试验材料,对其硬熟期、软化期、开裂期和后熟期的果肉进行挥发性代谢物分析,对比果实从硬熟期到后熟期和硬熟期到开裂期2个成熟过程中果肉的挥发性代谢物差异,并对差异挥发性代谢物进行KEGG代谢通路富集和感官风味分析,为白木通果实品质调控及香气物质开发利用提供参考依据。
供试材料为贵州大学白木通研究团队选育的白木通品种野牧童Ⅰ号,植株种植于贵州省开阳县南江乡新隆村干坝组御果种植园(26°56′35″N,107°2′39″E),树龄8年。根据果实成熟度将果实分为硬熟期(Y0)、软化期(R0)、开裂期(K0)和后熟期(Y3)(图1),其中Y3是将Y0的果实于室温下密闭放置至软化开裂。于2023年9月9日上午9时采摘不同时期大小一致、无病虫害的果实,放入装有冰袋的泡沫箱中运回实验室,将果肉与果皮分离后进行液氮速冻,置于-80 ℃超低温冰箱中保存。每个时期采摘9个果实(单果重253~302 g),设3次生物学重复。其中,Y0样品为未成熟状态,果肉无法挤压与籽分离,样品为固体;R0、K0和Y3果肉成熟,挤压收集后样品为浓稠液体。主要试剂:分析纯氯化钠(中国医药集团有限公司)、色谱纯正己烷(德国Merck公司)。主要仪器设备:8890-7000E色谱—质谱联用仪、DB-5MS色谱柱、120 µm DVB/CWR/PDMS萃取头(安捷伦科技有限公司);MM400球磨仪(德国Retsch公司);MS105DU电子天平(梅特勒—托利多集团);固相微萃取装置、萃取纤维老化工作站、Agitator样品加热箱(瑞士思特斯分析仪器有限公司)。
将样品从-80 ℃贮藏条件下取出,加入液氮后研磨至粉状,涡旋混合均匀,每个样品称取固体500 mg或量取液体1 mL置于顶空瓶中,然后分别加入饱和NaCl溶液2 mL,10 μg/mL内标(3-己酮)溶液20 μL。采用全自动顶空固相微萃取装置进行样品萃取,以供GC-MS分析。萃取条件:60 ℃恒温条件下,振荡5 min,120 µm DVB/CWR/PDMS萃取头插入样品顶空瓶,顶空萃取15 min,于250 ℃下解析5 min,然后进行GC-MS分离鉴定。采样前萃取头在萃取纤维老化工作站中250 ℃下老化5 min。果肉中挥发性代谢物委托江苏三黍生物科技有限公司检测。
GC条件:DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为高纯氦气(纯度≥99.999%),恒流流速1.2 mL/min,进样口温度250 ℃,不分流进样,溶剂延迟3.5 min。程序升温:40 ℃保持3.5 min,以10 ℃/min升至100 ℃,再以7 ℃/min升至180 °C,最后以25 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持5 min。
MS条件:电子轰击离子源,离子源温度230 ℃,四极杆温度150 ℃,接口温度280 ℃,电子能量70 eV,扫描方式为离子检测模式,参考GB 23200.8—2016《食品安全国家标准 水果和蔬菜中500种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定 气相色谱-质谱法》进行定性定量离子精准扫描。
通过MassHunter B.08.00处理质谱分析后的下机原始数据,用于定性与定量分析,并根据公式计算挥发性代谢物相对含量。
固体样品中化合物相对含量:
Xi=Vs×CsM×IiIs×10-3
公式中,Xi为待测样品中化合物i的相对含量(μg/g),Vs为加入内标物体积(μL),Cs为内标物质量浓度(μg/mL),M为待测样品质量(g),Is为内标物峰面积,Ii为待测样品中化合物i的峰面积。
液体样品中化合物相对含量:
Xi=Vs×CsV×IiIs×10-3
公式中,Xi为待测样品中化合物i的相对含量(μg/mL),Vs为加入内标物体积(μL),Cs为内标物质量浓度(μg/mL),V为待测样品体积(mL),Is为内标物峰面积,Ii为待测样品中化合物i的峰面积。
参考Huang等(2022)Xue等(2022)的方法进行相对香气活性值(ROAV)分析,其计算公式如下:
ROAVi=CiTi
公式中,ROAVi为化合物i的相对香气活性值,Ci为化合物相对含量(μg/g或μg/mL);Ti为化合物阈值(μg/g或μg/mL)。
采用R语言进行主成分分析(PCA)、OPLS-DA的Z-score标准化,其中PCA分析用R语言的内置统计prcomp函数,设置prcomp函数参数scale=True,对数据进行UV处理。Z-score标准化计算公式如下:
x'=x-μσ
公式中,x'为样品相对含量Z-score标准化后的数值,x为样品相对含量,µ为均值,σ为标准差。
采用OPLS-DA模型的变量重要性投影(VIP≥1)和差异倍数(Fold Change≥2.0或Fold Change≤0.5)相结合的方法筛选差异挥发性代谢物。利用KEGG数据库(Kanehisa and Goto,2000)对差异挥发性代谢物进行注释归类及代谢通路富集分析。采用Excel 2021和Origin 2021绘图。
不同质控样本质谱检测分析的总离子流重叠图(图2)显示,代谢物检测总离子流的曲线重叠性高,表明质谱对同一样本不同时间检测时,信号稳定性较好,所获代谢组数据可用于后续分析。为了初步了解各组样本之间的总体代谢物差异和组内样本之间的变异度大小,对样本进行PCA分析,结果显示R0、K0和Y3 3个时期的3个生物学重复能较好地聚在一起,表明重复性较好,组间有分离趋势,而Y0与R0、K0、Y3之间在第一主成分(PC1)上分离明显,在第二主成分(PC2)上分离不明显(图3)。
对挥发性代谢物相对含量及其组成比例进行计算,整体上考察样本中的主要挥发性代谢物分布情况。由表1可知,在不同成熟期的野牧童Ⅰ号果肉中,共检测到448种挥发性代谢物,按物质种类可分为16类,挥发性代谢物数量占比由高到低依次为萜类(17.63%)、杂环化合物(17.19%)、酯类(15.18%)、烃类(11.61%)、醇类(9.15%)、醛类(8.48%)、酮类(6.03%)和芳烃类(6.03%)、酚类(2.23%)、胺类(1.56%)、酸类(1.34%)和其他(1.34%)、含氮化合物(0.89%)、卤代烃类(0.67%)、含硫化合物(0.45%)、醚类(0.22%);萜类在不同成熟期的果肉中相对含量均最高,其次是杂环化合物、酯类、酮类、烃类和醛类,而醚类相对含量最低。
将挥发性代谢物相对含量数据进行UV处理,通过R言语ComplexHeatmap包绘制热图,结果(图4)显示,Y0至R0的野牧童Ⅰ号果肉中挥发性代谢物相对含量逐渐增多,R0至K0的相对含量变化较小。R0共检测到122种差异挥发性代谢物相对含量发生变化,与Y0相比,有118种上调,4种下调;K0相较于Y0,有169种差异挥发性代谢物相对含量上调,1种下调;Y3与Y0相比,共检测到114种差异挥发性代谢物相对含量发生变化,其中110种下调,4种上调;K0与R0相比,有1种差异挥发性代谢物相对含量上调,2种下调;而Y3与K0、R0与Y3差异挥发性代谢物数量无变化(图5)。上述结果表明,在果实成熟过程中,大量挥发性化合物在Y0至R0过程中大量积累,该时期是果肉香气和风味形成的关键时期。
在Y0 vs K0中,差异挥发性代谢物以上调为主,其中萜类代谢物39种(占23.08%)、酯类代谢物26种(占15.38%)、杂环化合物和烃类代谢物分别为27种(占15.98%)和24种(占14.20%);在Y0 vs Y3中,差异挥发性代谢物以下调为主,其中酯类代谢物22种(占20.00%)、杂环化合物21种(占19.09%)、萜类和醇类代谢物分别为19种(占17.27%)和15种(占13.64%)(表2)。K0和Y3为果实的2种不同成熟期,与Y0相比,二者的主要差异挥发性代谢物种类均为萜类、酯类、杂环化合物,这3类物质占野牧童Ⅰ号果实树熟过程中上调代谢物总量的54.44%,占室温放熟过程中下调代谢物总量的56.36%,可能与果肉中风味的形成相关。
为揭示白木通在成熟过程中关键挥发性代谢物的变化,将Y0 vs R0、R0 vs K0、Y0 vs K0、Y0 vs Y3差异倍数排名前20(上调和下调)的挥发性代谢物列出,结果(图6)显示,在野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期果肉中,上调和下调的主要差异挥发性代谢物不尽相同。在R0 vs K0中,仅有3种差异挥发性代谢物,上调挥发性代谢物为2-甲基-4,6-辛二炔-3-酮,下调挥发性代谢物为3-甲基庚基乙酸酯和3-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯,且与Y0 vs R0、Y0 vs K0和Y0 vs Y3均无共同差异挥发性代谢物。
2,4-二甲基-癸烷(烃类)为Y0 vs R0、Y0 vs K0和Y0 vs Y3的共同差异挥发性代谢物,在前2个比较组中呈上调,在Y0 vs Y3中呈下调;杂环化合物2-己基-5-甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮、1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮和2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-二氧戊环,萜类物质(S)-(-)-2-甲基-6-次甲基-7-辛烯-4-醇,烃类物质顺式-2,6-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯为Y0 vs R0和Y0 vs Y3的共同差异挥发性代谢物,前四者在Y0 vs R0中均呈上调,在Y0 vs Y3中均呈下调,而后者反之;萜类物质惕各酸香茅酯和(1R,2S,5S,7R)-2,6,6,8-四甲基三环[5.3.1.01]十一碳-8-烯、烃类物质2-甲基-十一烷为Y0 vs R0和Y0 vs K0的共同差异挥发性代谢物,但前二者在2个比较组中均呈上调,后者在2个比较组中均呈下调;3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇(萜类)为Y0 vs K0和Y0 vs Y3的共同差异挥发性代谢物,在Y0 vs K0中呈上调,而在Y0 vs Y3中呈下调。
从果实的整个成熟阶段来看,自Y0→R0→K0的整个树熟过程中,差异挥发性代谢物以上调为主,在Y0→Y3室温放熟过程中,差异挥发性代谢物以下调为主。但无论哪种成熟过程,主要差异挥发性代谢物均为萜类、烃类、酯类和杂环化合物四大类,这几类物质对果肉形成独特的风味起到关键作用。
利用KEGG数据库对差异挥发性代谢物进行注释,将注释结果按照数据库中代谢通路类型进行分类。结果(图7)显示,在Y0 vs R0中,差异挥发性代谢物主要分布在11条代谢通路中,差异显著(P<0.05,下同)的是辅因子的生物合成(Biosynthesis of cofactor);在Y0 vs K0中鉴定出的差异挥发性代谢物主要分布在12条代谢通路中,Y0 vs Y3中鉴定出的差异挥发性代谢物主要分布在11条代谢通路中,2个比较组差异显著的代谢通路均为倍半萜和三萜生物合成(Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis),其次是辅因子的生物合成。果肉中共有4种差异显著挥发性代谢物被注释到倍半萜和三萜生物合成代谢通路上,其中3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇在Y0 vs K0中显著上调,在Y0 vs Y3中显著下调;二甲萘烷醇和反式石竹烯在Y0 vs R0中均显著上调,在Y0 vs Y3中均显著下调;Β-瑟林烯在Y0 vs K0中显著上调,而在Y0 vs R0和Y0 vs Y3中差异不显著(P>0.05,下同)。此外,在R0 vs K0中的差异挥发性代谢物富集到任何代谢通路均差异不显著,故不在文中展示。
从野牧童Ⅰ号4个成熟期果肉中共鉴定出70种ROAV>1的关键香气成分,包括17种醛类、14种萜类、12种酯类、10种杂环化合物、6种醇类、4种酮类、3种芳烃类,以及酚类、烃类、含氮化合物和含硫化合物各1种。在Y0、R0、K0和Y3 4个成熟期分别鉴定出关键香气成分61种、65种、65种和67种,其中ROAV≥1000的差异挥发性代谢物有10种,苯甲硫醇、3,6-壬二烯醛、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、异戊酸苯乙酯和(Z)-6-壬醛等香气物质对果肉4个成熟期的香气具有重大影响;100≤ROAV<1000的差异挥发性代谢物有4种,分别为癸醛、3-巯基己基乙酸酯、甲基异冰片和脱氢Β-环柠檬醛,是果肉的主要香气物质;10≤ROAV<100的差异挥发性代谢物有18种,是果肉的重要香气物质(表3)。为直观展示果肉不同成熟期的香气特征,以香气物质ROAV加和值设定阈值绘制香气轮廓图(图8-A)。果肉4个成熟期的香味特征较为一致,甜香型物质占主要比重,贡献率为84.40%~89.89%,其次是辛香型和花香型物质,贡献率分别为2.89%~5.02%和2.71%~3.35%,脂香型物质贡献率最低,仅为0.01%~0.02%(图8-B)。自Y0→R0→K0的整个树熟过程中,大部分香型特征逐渐增加,Y0→R0的增速较R0→K0快,表明各类香气物质在成熟前期快速积累,后期有所下降。值得注意的是,辛香型物质和脂香型物质的ROAV加和值在树熟过程中均呈上升趋势,在室温密闭放熟过程中均呈下降趋势,贡献率则均呈下降趋势。
为了精确了解野牧童Ⅰ号果肉各比较组中的感官风味特征,对各比较组中基于筛选标准鉴定获得的差异挥发性代谢物及注释到的感官风味特征进行分析,挑选注释数量最高的前10种感官风味进行展示(图9)。结果显示,在Y0 vs R0中,差异挥发性代谢物注释到的前10种感官风味分别为青香、果香、甜香、脂肪香、蜡香、木香、柑橘香、花香、草香和椰子香;在R0 vs K0中,仅有1种差异挥发性代谢物,即3-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯,其注释到的感官风味为苹果香、奶酪香、土香、果香、青香和草香;在Y0 vs K0中,差异挥发性代谢物注释到的前10种感官风味分别为青香、果香、蜡香、甜香、花香、柑橘香、脂肪香、清新感、木香和草香;在Y0 vs Y3中,差异挥发性代谢物注释到的前10种感官风味分别为青香、蜡香、果香、柑橘香、甜香、脂肪香、花香、清新感、醛香和木香。树熟(Y0 vs K0)和室温密闭放熟(Y0 vs Y3)2种成熟过程中差异挥发性代谢物注释到的感官风味略有不同,除去共同注释到的风味特征外,二者区别为Y0 vs K0有草香,而Y0 vs Y3有醛香。Y0 vs K0注释到草香风味的有13种差异挥发性代谢物,Y0 vs Y3注释到醛香风味的有8种差异挥发性代谢物。综上所述,果实4个时期注释到的青香、果香、甜香、花香、脂肪香、柑橘香、草香、椰子香、蜡香、木香、苹果香、奶酪香等感官风味特征,共同形成了野牧童Ⅰ号果肉的特殊风味。
水果的特征香气一般是多种挥发性化合物共同作用形成的复杂香型,能直观反映果实的成熟度、风味等品质,在一定程度上影响消费者的选择。代谢组学已被广泛应用于芒果(谢慧雯,2023)、百香果(袁启凤等,2023)、柚子(刘福平等,2024)、草莓(乔慧兰等,2025)等多种水果的风味研究,能有效鉴定果实中挥发性物质。目前针对木通属果实香气物质的研究较少,吴莹和张百忍(2012)采用GC-MS技术从八月瓜(三叶木通)果实中鉴定到42种香气物质,本研究采用广泛靶向代谢组学技术从白木通品种野牧童Ⅰ号不同成熟期的果肉中共检测到448种代谢产物,数量上明显高于前人研究结果(吴莹和张百忍,2012)。水果最终的香气特征是品种、各化合物成分含量、香气阈值、成熟度及采后处理等多种因素相互作用的结果。苹果以酯类为基本香气组分,从而赋予其特殊的果香(张鹏等,2019);香蕉以反式-2-己烯醛、异丁酸异戊酯和己醛为黄熟期的主要挥发性物质,赋予其黄熟期青香和果香等香韵(梁水连等,2021);香橙中柠檬烯、橙花醇、芳樟醇、香橙烯等挥发性化合物赋予其特有的柑橘香(赵四清等,2021)。野牧童Ⅰ号4个成熟期果肉中检测到的挥发性代谢物包括萜类、杂环化合物、烃类、酯类、醇类等多种类别,4个时期香型特征变化较小,苯甲硫醇、3,6-壬二烯醛、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、异戊酸苯乙酯和(Z)-6-壬醛等香气物质的ROAV≥1000,对白木通果实4个成熟期整体香气的贡献较大,这些化合物被注释到青香、果香、甜香等多种香型和感官风味特征上,共同形成了其果肉甘甜清润、鲜甜滑嫩、果香浓郁又带有淡淡椰子香气的特殊风味。
KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果表明,在硬熟期至软化期这一阶段,野牧童Ⅰ号果实中差异挥发性代谢物富集显著的代谢通路为辅因子的生物合成,在果实开始软化成熟后差异挥发性代谢物主要富集在倍半萜和三萜生物合成代谢通路上。萜类的生物合成过程包括C5前体生成、直接前体生成、萜类生成及修饰3个阶段,倍半萜的合成主要通过甲羟戊酸途径在细胞质中进行,该途径以乙酰辅酶A为原料,生成法尼基二磷酸等直接前体(王凌健等,2013)。三萜类化合物的生物合成由甲羟戊酸途径和戊糖磷酸途径合成,2,3-环氧角鲨烯前体在氧化鲨烯环化酶的作用下环化为不同的骨架,继而在细胞色素P450及糖基转移酶的修饰下形成多种皂苷(李传旺等,2021)。在野牧童Ⅰ号果实中,有4种差异挥发性代谢物被注释到倍半萜和三萜生物合成代谢通路。然而,该通路中的具体代谢调控机制目前尚不明确,将在后续研究中进一步分析。
同一果实不同成熟阶段会具有不同的风味。在番石榴中,始熟果均以萜烯类物质为主要香气成分,完熟果均以醛类物质为主要香气成分(邱珊莲等,2021)。红果参果实在成熟度Ⅰ时含量最高的是醇类物质,烷烃类是成熟度Ⅱ和Ⅴ果实中含量最高的物质,萜类是成熟度Ⅲ和Ⅳ果实中含量最高的物质(孔方南等,2024)。在本研究中,野牧童Ⅰ号果肉4个成熟期均以萜类化合物的相对含量最高,其次是杂环化合物、酯类、酮类、烃类和醛类,与吴莹和张百忍(2012)研究得出八月瓜(三叶木通)果实相对含量排序依次为酸类、酮类、醇类、酯类和醛类的结果不同,可能是因种质不同而异。在野牧童Ⅰ号果肉中,Y0 vs R0阶段各类挥发性代谢物相对含量增速较R0 vs K0阶段快,即各类风味物质在成熟前期快速积累,后期有所下降,与番石榴果实中的物质积累趋势相似(邱珊莲等,2021)。R0至K0为野牧童Ⅰ号果实成熟后期,在此期间差异挥发性代谢物变化小,仅有2-甲基-4,6-辛二炔-3-酮、3-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯和3-甲基庚基乙酸酯3种差异挥发性代谢物。Y0 vs K0(树熟)和Y0 vs Y3(室温放熟)虽为果实2种成熟过程,但果实在K0和Y3的整体香气变化较小,除去2种成熟过程共同注释到的风味特征外,二者区别为Y0 vs K0有草香,而Y0 vs Y3有醛香。考虑到野牧童Ⅰ号果实在开裂期果皮会自然裂开,易影响果实的外观、食用和商品品质,可将软化期采摘的果实作鲜食或短距离运输,而硬熟期的果实适合贮藏或长途运输,以确保果肉的品质和风味,满足不同销售场景的需求。
野牧童Ⅰ号果肉覆盖了青香、果香、甜香等多种香型,形成了其甘甜清润、鲜甜滑嫩、果香浓郁又带有淡淡椰子香的特殊风味。在树熟和采摘后室温放熟2种成熟过程中,果肉的整体香气变化较小,可将软化期采摘的果实作鲜食或短距离运输,硬熟期的果实作贮藏或长途运输。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.021
  • 接收时间:2025-09-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30
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    1贵州大学农学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2贵州省道地药材种质创新与资源高效利用全省重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
    3贵州省林业科技推广总站,贵州 贵阳 550001

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刘红昌(1979-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-4526,博士,副教授,主要从事药用植物遗传育种研究工作,E-mail:
罗辉(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7382-5216,高级工程师,主要从事林业科技推广及技术研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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