Article(id=1302212269094494343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749916800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401198885, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401198885, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401198885, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401198885, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1797, endPage=1808, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212271002902664, articleId=1302212269094494343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasm resources based on principal component analysis and membership function method, columnId=1302212259774747620, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Crop Genetics & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate Bougainvillea germplasm resources in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River,providing theoretical reference for superior variety selection and new variety breeding of Bougainvillea in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River.

Method

A total of 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were taken as research objects to measure 11 cultivar traits and five pigment content indicators. Public scoring and grouping by color category were performed. Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasms was conducted based on analysis of coefficient of variation (CV),cluster analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis (PCA),and membership function analysis.

Result

The 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were divided into purple group,red group,orange-yellow group,pink group,and white group,and the CV of quantitative traits ranged from 28.05%-39.93%,with the largest CV for leaf width at 39.93% and the smallest CV for bract width at 28.05%. The CV of pigment content ranged from 26.52% to 46.62%,with the largest CV for procyanidin content at 46.62% and the smallest CV for chlorophyll a content at 26.52%. Correlation analysis results showed that the procyanidin content had extremely significant negative correlations with betacyanin content and flower color (P<0.001),with the coefficient of correlation of -0.87;flower color had an extremely positive correlation with betacyanin content (P<0.001),with the coefficient of correlation of 0.88;public scoring had significant (P<0.05) or extremely signficant (P<0.01) correlations with flower color,leaf length,procyanidin content,and betacyanin content,with the most pronounced correlation with flower color. Cluster analysis results showed that the 18 germplasms into four major groups,among which Group Ⅱ only included Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila,demon-strating that this cultivar showed greater uniqueness compared with other germplasms;the 11 cultivar traits and five pigment content indicators were divided into four major categories:the first and second categories showed trait characteristics,and the third and fourth categories showed pigment content characteristics. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that,six principal components from the first to the sixth principal component were extracted at the standard of eigenvalue greater than 1,with the cumulative contribution rate of 82.85%,and the traits that exhibited the highest factor loadings across the six principal components (PC1-PC6) were flower color,bract width,leaf length,leaf width,leaf color,and chlorophyll a content. By calculating the membership function values,Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell had the highest score. According to calculation combined comprehensive PCA with membership function method,the 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were divided into four grades,and the Grade I included Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila,Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt,and Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell.

Conclusion

According to comprehensive evaluation of PCA and membership function method,three Bougainvillea cultivars (Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila,Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt,and Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell) have high scores. As they have big bracts,big leaves,and bright bracts,they are suitable to be popularized and cultivated in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River.

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目的

对金沙江干热河谷三角梅种质资源进行综合评价,为干热河谷地区优良三角梅品种筛选及新品种选育提供理论依据。

方法

以18份三角梅种质为研究对象,测定11个品种性状及5种色素含量指标,并进行群众评分及花色分组,通过变异系数(CV)分析、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析(PCA)及隶属函数分析等方法对三角梅种质进行综合评价。

结果

18份三角梅种质按花苞颜色可分为紫色组、红色组、橙黄色组、粉色组、白色组,其数量性状的变异系数介于28.05%~39.93%,其中叶片宽变异系数最大(39.93%),苞片宽变异系数最小(28.05%);色素含量的变异系数介于26.52%~46.62%,其中原花青素含量的变异系数最大(46.62%),叶绿素a含量的变异系数最小(26.52%)。相关分析结果显示,原花青素含量与甜菜红素含量和花色均呈极显著负相关(P<0.001),且相关系数均为-0.87;花色与甜菜红素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),相关系数为0.88;群众评分与花色、叶片长、原花青素含量和甜菜红素含量均存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)相关性,其中与花色的相关性最强。聚类分析结果显示,18份三角梅种质被划分成四大类群,其中第二类群仅含马尼拉小姐,说明马尼拉小姐与其他种质相比更具独特性;11个品种性状和5种色素含量被划分为四大类,其中第一类和第二类主要体现性状特征,第三类和第四类主要体现色素含量特征。PCA分析以特征值大于1为提取标准,共得到第一主成分~第六主成分等6个主成分,累计贡献率为82.85%,6个主成分中因子载荷最高的性状分别为花色、苞片宽、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片颜色和叶绿素a含量。通过计算隶属函数值,发现基利耶坎普贝尔的得分最高。综合PCA分析与隶属函数法计算综合得分,将18份三角梅种质划分为四个等级,其中I级包括马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人、基利耶坎普贝尔。

结论

结合PCA分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价,筛选到马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人、基利耶坎普贝尔等3份综合得分较高的三角梅种质资源,其花苞和叶片面积大、花苞颜色鲜艳,适宜在金沙江干热河谷地区推广种植。

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黄仕乾(2003-),https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9894-1158,研究方向为农艺植物活性成分提取与分析,E-mail:

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刘姗(1980-),https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-2139,教授,主要从事植物次生代谢研究工作,E-mail:
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I:基利耶坎普贝尔;II:斑叶埃娃白;III:芭比诺宝贝劳伦;IV:金夫人;V:安格斯;VI:金达;VII:菲菲娜;VIII:白雪公主;IX:宝塔橙;X:宝塔紫;XI:巴特夫人;XII:桑德瑞纳;XIII:加州黄金;XIV:马尼拉小姐;XV:重瓣红;XVI:西施怡锦;XVII:金心浅紫;XVIII:金边浅紫。图4同

, figureFileSmall=s+GKNLfwrcy5ud9cf7xSUg==, figureFileBig=g2kWqOdlWROKRm86FuQp9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212281492857016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison of pigment contents in Bougainvillea germplasms, figureFileSmall=XixMZHZSK0MiEgedT/3zfg==, figureFileBig=g1neGX/dJTzWbu41N7CXYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212281589326009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=图2, caption=三角梅种质色素含量对比

ZS:紫色组;HS:红色组;CH:橙黄色组;FS:粉色组;BS;白色组。YA:叶绿素a含量;YB:叶绿素b含量;HQ:原花青素含量;TR:甜菜红素含量;TH:甜菜黄素含量

, figureFileSmall=XixMZHZSK0MiEgedT/3zfg==, figureFileBig=g1neGX/dJTzWbu41N7CXYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212281656434874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlation analysis results of cultivar traits,pigment contents,and public scoring of Bougainvillea germplasms, figureFileSmall=8DImQyHirKBOJLrjy6HRxw==, figureFileBig=/0LDNeczfmkXedQy/7t9iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212282000367803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三角梅种质品种性状、色素含量及群众评分相关分析结果

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01),***表示极显著相关(P<0.001);连线粗细代表相关强度。YS:叶片颜色;YT:叶片类型;BP:苞片平整度;C:刺;YC:叶片长;YK:叶片宽;BC:苞片长;BK:苞片宽;HS:花色;HL:花易落程度;Hq:花期;YA:叶绿素a含量;YB:叶绿素b含量;HQ:原花青素含量;TR:甜菜红素含量;TH:甜菜黄素含量。图4同

, figureFileSmall=8DImQyHirKBOJLrjy6HRxw==, figureFileBig=/0LDNeczfmkXedQy/7t9iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212282088448188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Cluster analysis results of cultivar traits and pigment contents of Bougainvillea germplasms, figureFileSmall=8J1KxOb9ndlJzPnDWsX2IA==, figureFileBig=x/D7uN/Wfpcw8KLs0p9ycg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212282403020989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三角梅种质与品种性状和色素含量的聚类分析结果, figureFileSmall=8J1KxOb9ndlJzPnDWsX2IA==, figureFileBig=x/D7uN/Wfpcw8KLs0p9ycg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212282763731134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Valuation of indicators for Bougainvillea germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
赋值 Valuation
12345
叶片颜色 Leaf color浅绿绿色深绿金边金心
叶片类型 Leaf type光叶卵形疏毛披针型裂叶密毛型波缘丝毛型粘毛心叶型
苞片平整度 Bract flatness稍扭曲扭曲平展稍外翻外翻
刺 Thorn多刺弯刺直刺少刺无刺
花色 Flower color白色橙黄色粉色紫色红色
花易落程度 Flower fragility极易摇落较易摇落中等易落较难摇落极难摇落
花期(月份) Flowering period (month)5—66—77—88—99—10
叶片长(cm) Leaf length2~33~44~55~66~7
叶片宽(cm) Leaf width1~22~33~44~55~6
苞片长(cm) Bract length1~22~33~44~55~6
苞片宽(cm) Bract width1~22~33~44~55~6
叶绿素a含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll a content0.12~0.160.16~0.200.20~0.240.24~0.280.28~0.32
叶绿素b含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll b content0.04~0.060.06~0.080.08~0.100.10~0.120.12~0.14
原花青素含量(mg/g) Procyanidin content0.01~0.020.02~0.030.03~0.040.04~0.050.05~0.06
甜菜红素含量(mg/g) Betacyanin content0.10~0.200.20~0.300.30~0.400.40~0.500.50~0.60
甜菜黄素含量(mg/g) Betaxanthin content0.09~0.130.13~0.170.17~0.210.21~0.250.25~0.29
群众评分 Public scoring1~33~55~77~99~11
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284428869825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三角梅种质各项指标赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
赋值 Valuation
12345
叶片颜色 Leaf color浅绿绿色深绿金边金心
叶片类型 Leaf type光叶卵形疏毛披针型裂叶密毛型波缘丝毛型粘毛心叶型
苞片平整度 Bract flatness稍扭曲扭曲平展稍外翻外翻
刺 Thorn多刺弯刺直刺少刺无刺
花色 Flower color白色橙黄色粉色紫色红色
花易落程度 Flower fragility极易摇落较易摇落中等易落较难摇落极难摇落
花期(月份) Flowering period (month)5—66—77—88—99—10
叶片长(cm) Leaf length2~33~44~55~66~7
叶片宽(cm) Leaf width1~22~33~44~55~6
苞片长(cm) Bract length1~22~33~44~55~6
苞片宽(cm) Bract width1~22~33~44~55~6
叶绿素a含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll a content0.12~0.160.16~0.200.20~0.240.24~0.280.28~0.32
叶绿素b含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll b content0.04~0.060.06~0.080.08~0.100.10~0.120.12~0.14
原花青素含量(mg/g) Procyanidin content0.01~0.020.02~0.030.03~0.040.04~0.050.05~0.06
甜菜红素含量(mg/g) Betacyanin content0.10~0.200.20~0.300.30~0.400.40~0.500.50~0.60
甜菜黄素含量(mg/g) Betaxanthin content0.09~0.130.13~0.170.17~0.210.21~0.250.25~0.29
群众评分 Public scoring1~33~55~77~99~11
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284500172994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Grouping of bract colors of Bougainvillea germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质 Germplasm比色卡编号 Color chart number组别 Group颜色类型 Color type
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell58B紫色深紫红
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren63B深紫红
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth AngusN74A亮紫红
菲菲娜 Bougainvillea cv. FifinaN81深紫
宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. PixieN66B深紫红
桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea cv. SanderianaNN74C紫红
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. MakrisN.58C浅紫
金边浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata IIN.57A浅紫
金达 Bougainvillea cv. Jinda46C红色大红
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt63A红紫
马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila47C红色
重瓣红 Bougainvillea cv. Mahara60深红
宝塔橙 Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi169C橙黄色橙色
加州黄金 Bougainvillea cv. California Gold9C黄色
金夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady65A粉色浅粉
西施怡锦 Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom63粉色
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva WhiteN155D白色白色
斑叶埃娃白 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White VariegataN155B淡黄白
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284579864771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三角梅种质花苞颜色分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质 Germplasm比色卡编号 Color chart number组别 Group颜色类型 Color type
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell58B紫色深紫红
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren63B深紫红
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth AngusN74A亮紫红
菲菲娜 Bougainvillea cv. FifinaN81深紫
宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. PixieN66B深紫红
桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea cv. SanderianaNN74C紫红
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. MakrisN.58C浅紫
金边浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata IIN.57A浅紫
金达 Bougainvillea cv. Jinda46C红色大红
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt63A红紫
马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila47C红色
重瓣红 Bougainvillea cv. Mahara60深红
宝塔橙 Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi169C橙黄色橙色
加州黄金 Bougainvillea cv. California Gold9C黄色
金夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady65A粉色浅粉
西施怡锦 Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom63粉色
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva WhiteN155D白色白色
斑叶埃娃白 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White VariegataN155B淡黄白
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284672139460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variation of quantitative traits and pigment contents of Bougainvillea germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数量性状/色素含量
Quantitative trait/pigment content
最小值
Minimum
最大值
Maximum
平均值
Mean
中位数
Median
标准差
Standard deviation
变异系数(%)CV
苞片长(cm) Bract length7.562.504.754.761.4129.76
苞片宽(cm) Bract width5.192.203.393.090.9528.05
叶片长(cm) Leaf length5.461.733.143.151.0834.27
叶片宽(cm) Leaf width4.411.162.322.200.9239.93
叶绿素a含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll a content0.300.130.200.180.0526.52
叶绿素b含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll b content0.150.040.100.100.0329.51
原花青素含量(mg/g) Procyanidin content0.060.010.030.020.0146.62
甜菜红素含量(mg/g) Betacyanin content0.510.170.320.330.1032.34
甜菜黄素含量(mg/g) Betaxanthin content0.280.090.180.170.0530.14
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284839911621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三角梅种质数量性状和色素含量的变异情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数量性状/色素含量
Quantitative trait/pigment content
最小值
Minimum
最大值
Maximum
平均值
Mean
中位数
Median
标准差
Standard deviation
变异系数(%)CV
苞片长(cm) Bract length7.562.504.754.761.4129.76
苞片宽(cm) Bract width5.192.203.393.090.9528.05
叶片长(cm) Leaf length5.461.733.143.151.0834.27
叶片宽(cm) Leaf width4.411.162.322.200.9239.93
叶绿素a含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll a content0.300.130.200.180.0526.52
叶绿素b含量(mg/g) Chlorophyll b content0.150.040.100.100.0329.51
原花青素含量(mg/g) Procyanidin content0.060.010.030.020.0146.62
甜菜红素含量(mg/g) Betacyanin content0.510.170.320.330.1032.34
甜菜黄素含量(mg/g) Betaxanthin content0.280.090.180.170.0530.14
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284911214790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

PCA results of cultivar traits and pigment contents of Bougainvillea germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种性状/色素含量 Cultivar trait/pigment contentPC1PC2PC3PC4PC5PC6
叶片颜色 Leaf color-0.36-0.140.550.100.60-0.10
叶片特征 Leaf characteristic0.480.00-0.030.550.42-0.50
苞片平整度 Bract flatness-0.25-0.220.41-0.450.200.05
刺 Thorn-0.50-0.410.330.150.230.38
叶片长 Leaf length-0.150.560.720.20-0.060.10
叶片宽 Leaf width-0.050.510.180.74-0.14-0.05
苞片长 Bract length-0.250.540.56-0.340.07-0.21
苞片宽 Bract width-0.010.680.45-0.13-0.47-0.11
花色 Flower colour0.75-0.480.32-0.01-0.11-0.01
花易落程度 Flower fragility0.710.35-0.01-0.310.18-0.30
花期 Flowering period-0.290.26-0.420.17-0.07-0.02
叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content0.740.290.120.100.050.53
叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content0.640.50-0.060.060.320.44
原花青素含量 Procyanidin content-0.550.61-0.460.010.210.10
甜菜红素含量 Betacyanin content0.73-0.480.310.15-0.20-0.03
甜菜黄素含量 Betaxanthin content0.590.50-0.23-0.370.23-0.04
特征值 Eigenvalue4.033.162.291.551.181.05
贡献率(%) Contribution rate25.1719.7214.329.717.356.59
累计贡献率(%) Cumulative contribution rate25.1744.8959.2168.9176.2782.85
), ArticleFig(id=1302212284982517959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三角梅种质品种性状和色素含量的PCA分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种性状/色素含量 Cultivar trait/pigment contentPC1PC2PC3PC4PC5PC6
叶片颜色 Leaf color-0.36-0.140.550.100.60-0.10
叶片特征 Leaf characteristic0.480.00-0.030.550.42-0.50
苞片平整度 Bract flatness-0.25-0.220.41-0.450.200.05
刺 Thorn-0.50-0.410.330.150.230.38
叶片长 Leaf length-0.150.560.720.20-0.060.10
叶片宽 Leaf width-0.050.510.180.74-0.14-0.05
苞片长 Bract length-0.250.540.56-0.340.07-0.21
苞片宽 Bract width-0.010.680.45-0.13-0.47-0.11
花色 Flower colour0.75-0.480.32-0.01-0.11-0.01
花易落程度 Flower fragility0.710.35-0.01-0.310.18-0.30
花期 Flowering period-0.290.26-0.420.17-0.07-0.02
叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content0.740.290.120.100.050.53
叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content0.640.50-0.060.060.320.44
原花青素含量 Procyanidin content-0.550.61-0.460.010.210.10
甜菜红素含量 Betacyanin content0.73-0.480.310.15-0.20-0.03
甜菜黄素含量 Betaxanthin content0.590.50-0.23-0.370.23-0.04
特征值 Eigenvalue4.033.162.291.551.181.05
贡献率(%) Contribution rate25.1719.7214.329.717.356.59
累计贡献率(%) Cumulative contribution rate25.1744.8959.2168.9176.2782.85
), ArticleFig(id=1302212285053821128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Principal component scores of 18 Bougainvillea germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质 Germplasm主成分得分 Principal component score
马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila36.41
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt32.19
桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea cv. Sanderiana28.29
重瓣红 Bougainvillea cv. Mahara28.25
金达 Bougainvillea cv. Jinda27.62
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell27.25
金夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady27.03
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth Angus26.80
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren26.62
金边浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata II25.88
菲菲娜 Bougainvillea cv. Fifina24.90
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Makris23.60
加州黄金 Bougainvillea cv. California Gold23.30
宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. Pixie21.59
斑叶埃娃白 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White Variegata21.49
西施怡锦 Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom18.90
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White16.68
宝塔橙 Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi13.74
), ArticleFig(id=1302212285125124297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

18份三角梅种质的主成分得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质 Germplasm主成分得分 Principal component score
马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila36.41
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt32.19
桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea cv. Sanderiana28.29
重瓣红 Bougainvillea cv. Mahara28.25
金达 Bougainvillea cv. Jinda27.62
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell27.25
金夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady27.03
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth Angus26.80
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren26.62
金边浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata II25.88
菲菲娜 Bougainvillea cv. Fifina24.90
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Makris23.60
加州黄金 Bougainvillea cv. California Gold23.30
宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. Pixie21.59
斑叶埃娃白 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White Variegata21.49
西施怡锦 Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom18.90
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White16.68
宝塔橙 Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi13.74
), ArticleFig(id=1302212285255147722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Membership function analysis of 18 Bougainvillea germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质
Germplasm
隶属函数值 Membership function value隶属函数得分
Membership function score
排序
Ranking
Ux1Ux2Ux3
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell0.350.220.110.231
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt0.200.210.150.192
马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila0.210.190.130.173
斑叶埃娃白 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White Variegata0.340.090.000.154
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth Angus0.180.180.070.145
菲菲娜Bougainvillea cv. Fifina0.110.220.080.146
重瓣红Bougainvillea cv. Mahara0.010.230.160.137
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White0.280.110.000.138
桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea cv. Sanderiana0.170.150.060.139
金达 Bougainvillea cv. Jinda0.150.080.140.1210
加州黄金 Bougainvillea cv. California Gold0.200.120.030.1211
金夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady0.130.180.030.1112
金边浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata II0.170.090.080.1113
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Makris0.110.040.080.0814
西施怡锦 Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom0.020.170.010.0715
宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. Pixie0.080.000.090.0616
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren0.120.000.040.0517
宝塔橙 Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi0.000.030.020.0218
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18份三角梅种质的隶属函数分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质
Germplasm
隶属函数值 Membership function value隶属函数得分
Membership function score
排序
Ranking
Ux1Ux2Ux3
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell0.350.220.110.231
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt0.200.210.150.192
马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila0.210.190.130.173
斑叶埃娃白 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White Variegata0.340.090.000.154
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth Angus0.180.180.070.145
菲菲娜Bougainvillea cv. Fifina0.110.220.080.146
重瓣红Bougainvillea cv. Mahara0.010.230.160.137
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White0.280.110.000.138
桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea cv. Sanderiana0.170.150.060.139
金达 Bougainvillea cv. Jinda0.150.080.140.1210
加州黄金 Bougainvillea cv. California Gold0.200.120.030.1211
金夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady0.130.180.030.1112
金边浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata II0.170.090.080.1113
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Makris0.110.040.080.0814
西施怡锦 Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom0.020.170.010.0715
宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. Pixie0.080.000.090.0616
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren0.120.000.040.0517
宝塔橙 Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi0.000.030.020.0218
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Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasms based on two analytic methods

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等级
Grade
种质
Germplasm
主成分得分
Principal component score
隶属函数得分
Membership function score
综合得分
Comprehensive score
I马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila36.410.1726.71
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt32.190.1925.60
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell27.250.2325.13
II桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea glabra cv. Sanderiana28.290.1320.65
重瓣红Bougainvillea cv. Mahara28.250.1320.63
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth Angus26.800.1420.40
金达Bougainvillea cv. Jinda27.620.1219.81
菲菲娜Bougainvillea cv. Fifina24.900.1419.45
金夫人Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady27.030.1119.02
金边浅紫Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata II25.880.1118.44
III斑叶埃娃白Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White Variegata21.490.1518.25
加州黄金Bougainvillea cv. California Gold23.300.1217.65
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren26.620.0515.81
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Makris23.600.0815.80
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White16.680.1314.84
IV宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. Pixie21.590.0613.80
西施怡锦Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom18.900.0712.95
宝塔橙Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi13.740.027.87
), ArticleFig(id=1302212285473251533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212269094494343, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

基于2种分析方法的三角梅种质综合评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级
Grade
种质
Germplasm
主成分得分
Principal component score
隶属函数得分
Membership function score
综合得分
Comprehensive score
I马尼拉小姐 Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila36.410.1726.71
巴特夫人 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt32.190.1925.60
基利耶坎普贝尔 Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell27.250.2325.13
II桑德瑞纳 Bougainvillea glabra cv. Sanderiana28.290.1320.65
重瓣红Bougainvillea cv. Mahara28.250.1320.63
安格斯 Bougainvillea cv. Elizabeth Angus26.800.1420.40
金达Bougainvillea cv. Jinda27.620.1219.81
菲菲娜Bougainvillea cv. Fifina24.900.1419.45
金夫人Bougainvillea cv. Golden Lady27.030.1119.02
金边浅紫Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata II25.880.1118.44
III斑叶埃娃白Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White Variegata21.490.1518.25
加州黄金Bougainvillea cv. California Gold23.300.1217.65
芭比诺宝贝劳伦 Bougainvillea cv. Bambino Baby Lauren26.620.0515.81
金心浅紫 Bougainvillea cv. Makris23.600.0815.80
白雪公主 Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Eva White16.680.1314.84
IV宝塔紫 Bougainvillea cv. Pixie21.590.0613.80
西施怡锦Bougainvillea cv. Cherry Blossom18.900.0712.95
宝塔橙Bougainvillea cv. Kasumi13.740.027.87
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黄仕乾 , 刘姗 *, * , 孙蓉 , 李若谷
南方农业学报 | 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026,57(6): 1797-1808
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南方农业学报 |作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026 , 57 (6) : 1797 -1808
基于主成分分析与隶属函数法的三角梅种质资源综合评价
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黄仕乾 , 刘姗*, * , 孙蓉, 李若谷
作者信息
  • 1攀枝花学院生物与化学工程学院(农学院),四川 攀枝花 617000
通讯作者:
刘姗(1980-),https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-2139,教授,主要从事植物次生代谢研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄仕乾(2003-),https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9894-1158,研究方向为农艺植物活性成分提取与分析,E-mail:

Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasm resources based on principal component analysis and membership function method
Shi-qian HUANG , Shan LIU , Rong SUN, Ruo-gu LI
Affiliations
  • 1College of Biological and Chemical Engineering (College of Agriculture),Panzhihua University,Panzhihua,Sichuan 617000,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.016
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目的

对金沙江干热河谷三角梅种质资源进行综合评价,为干热河谷地区优良三角梅品种筛选及新品种选育提供理论依据。

方法

以18份三角梅种质为研究对象,测定11个品种性状及5种色素含量指标,并进行群众评分及花色分组,通过变异系数(CV)分析、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析(PCA)及隶属函数分析等方法对三角梅种质进行综合评价。

结果

18份三角梅种质按花苞颜色可分为紫色组、红色组、橙黄色组、粉色组、白色组,其数量性状的变异系数介于28.05%~39.93%,其中叶片宽变异系数最大(39.93%),苞片宽变异系数最小(28.05%);色素含量的变异系数介于26.52%~46.62%,其中原花青素含量的变异系数最大(46.62%),叶绿素a含量的变异系数最小(26.52%)。相关分析结果显示,原花青素含量与甜菜红素含量和花色均呈极显著负相关(P<0.001),且相关系数均为-0.87;花色与甜菜红素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),相关系数为0.88;群众评分与花色、叶片长、原花青素含量和甜菜红素含量均存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)相关性,其中与花色的相关性最强。聚类分析结果显示,18份三角梅种质被划分成四大类群,其中第二类群仅含马尼拉小姐,说明马尼拉小姐与其他种质相比更具独特性;11个品种性状和5种色素含量被划分为四大类,其中第一类和第二类主要体现性状特征,第三类和第四类主要体现色素含量特征。PCA分析以特征值大于1为提取标准,共得到第一主成分~第六主成分等6个主成分,累计贡献率为82.85%,6个主成分中因子载荷最高的性状分别为花色、苞片宽、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片颜色和叶绿素a含量。通过计算隶属函数值,发现基利耶坎普贝尔的得分最高。综合PCA分析与隶属函数法计算综合得分,将18份三角梅种质划分为四个等级,其中I级包括马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人、基利耶坎普贝尔。

结论

结合PCA分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价,筛选到马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人、基利耶坎普贝尔等3份综合得分较高的三角梅种质资源,其花苞和叶片面积大、花苞颜色鲜艳,适宜在金沙江干热河谷地区推广种植。

三角梅种质  /  主成分分析  /  隶属函数  /  综合评价
Objective

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate Bougainvillea germplasm resources in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River,providing theoretical reference for superior variety selection and new variety breeding of Bougainvillea in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River.

Method

A total of 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were taken as research objects to measure 11 cultivar traits and five pigment content indicators. Public scoring and grouping by color category were performed. Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasms was conducted based on analysis of coefficient of variation (CV),cluster analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis (PCA),and membership function analysis.

Result

The 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were divided into purple group,red group,orange-yellow group,pink group,and white group,and the CV of quantitative traits ranged from 28.05%-39.93%,with the largest CV for leaf width at 39.93% and the smallest CV for bract width at 28.05%. The CV of pigment content ranged from 26.52% to 46.62%,with the largest CV for procyanidin content at 46.62% and the smallest CV for chlorophyll a content at 26.52%. Correlation analysis results showed that the procyanidin content had extremely significant negative correlations with betacyanin content and flower color (P<0.001),with the coefficient of correlation of -0.87;flower color had an extremely positive correlation with betacyanin content (P<0.001),with the coefficient of correlation of 0.88;public scoring had significant (P<0.05) or extremely signficant (P<0.01) correlations with flower color,leaf length,procyanidin content,and betacyanin content,with the most pronounced correlation with flower color. Cluster analysis results showed that the 18 germplasms into four major groups,among which Group Ⅱ only included Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila,demon-strating that this cultivar showed greater uniqueness compared with other germplasms;the 11 cultivar traits and five pigment content indicators were divided into four major categories:the first and second categories showed trait characteristics,and the third and fourth categories showed pigment content characteristics. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that,six principal components from the first to the sixth principal component were extracted at the standard of eigenvalue greater than 1,with the cumulative contribution rate of 82.85%,and the traits that exhibited the highest factor loadings across the six principal components (PC1-PC6) were flower color,bract width,leaf length,leaf width,leaf color,and chlorophyll a content. By calculating the membership function values,Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell had the highest score. According to calculation combined comprehensive PCA with membership function method,the 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were divided into four grades,and the Grade I included Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila,Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt,and Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell.

Conclusion

According to comprehensive evaluation of PCA and membership function method,three Bougainvillea cultivars (Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila,Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt,and Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell) have high scores. As they have big bracts,big leaves,and bright bracts,they are suitable to be popularized and cultivated in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River.

Bougainvillea germplasms  /  principal component analysis  /  membership function  /  comprehensive evalua-tion
黄仕乾, 刘姗, 孙蓉, 李若谷. 基于主成分分析与隶属函数法的三角梅种质资源综合评价. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1797 -1808 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.016
Shi-qian HUANG, Shan LIU, Rong SUN, Ruo-gu LI. Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasm resources based on principal component analysis and membership function method[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1797 -1808 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.016
【研究意义】三角梅又名叶子花,是紫茉莉科(Nyctaginaceae)三角梅属(Bougainvillea)观赏植物的统称(徐夙侠等,2008),原产于南美洲的巴西和秘鲁等地(常圣鑫等,2018),为热带及亚热带地区重要的观赏植物。三角梅苞片色彩绚丽、花期持久、适应性强,在城市园林绿化、垂直绿化工程及生态景观营造中占据重要地位,是花卉产业经济发展的重要支柱。随着城市化进程加快与生态环境建设需求升级,优质观赏植物种质资源的筛选与创新利用成为提升城市生态品质、推动花卉产业可持续发展的关键环节。金沙江干热河谷作为我国典型的气候极端区,其特殊环境对植物观赏性状的改良具有显著影响。该河谷位于我国四川、西藏及云南等地,是我国较为典型的干热地区之一,其生态环境独特,光热资源充足,具有显著的热带性(王以静和方福生,2021)。独特的气候条件使三角梅在色素合成和色彩呈现上形成了独有的适应性机制,使其成为金沙江干热河谷地区广泛种植的观赏植物。三角梅品种丰富多样,其评价方法主要以观赏性状及生长指标的主观权重赋值为主,该方法难以突破指标间的相关性干扰与量纲差异,导致评价结果缺乏客观性与普适性。因此,开展金沙江干热河谷地区三角梅种质资源分析及综合评价,对优良品种筛选及新品种选育具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】目前,三角梅种质资源评价分析备受关注。王豪等(2023)对20个三角梅品种的观赏性与耐寒性进行评价,筛选出的安格斯可作为宁波地区露地栽培的优良花卉进行推广;陈启斌(2024)对湖北恩施种植的6种园林植物进行观赏性和适应性评价,结果发现三角梅品种安格斯、童安红和小苍兰的观赏价值和适应能力相对较好,适合在园林景观中推广应用;杜学林等(2024)对65份三角梅种质进行表型性状多样性评价,明确苞片类型、有无真花、节间长度、叶片大小、花被管长度等指标是影响其品种分类和评价的主要因子;郝晓函等(2025)对133份三角梅种质的表型性状进行分析,结果发现三角梅表型性状多样性较高,数量性状变异类型丰富。表型性状对植物观赏价值具有影响,目前已有针对报春苣苔属植物(余文迪等,2023)、芍药(应梦云等,2024)、莲花(王思瑶等,2025)、小菊(张煜婷等,2025)等植物表型性状观赏价值的研究报道。观赏植物综合评价方法丰富,早期研究多采用层次分析法(廖美兰等,2015),该方法通过经验构建判断矩阵确定权重,但主观因素对结果影响较大。灰色关联度分析法则基于数据序列相似性进行评价(陈日红等,2025),在一定程度上降低了主观性,但存在权重确定依赖数据特征的局限性。随着统计学方法的深入应用,主成分分析(PCA)法凭借其降维处理能力,通过提取综合变量减少指标相关性干扰,客观分配权重,在菊花(梁冠等,2024)、月季(杨姣等,2024)、百合(张倩男等,2024)等观赏植物评价中取得显著成效。隶属函数法通过数学变换将不同量纲指标归一化,在油茶(刘林秀等,2025)、谷子(孙影等,2025)、辣椒(王静静等,2025)、沙棘(张皓凯等,2025)、红花(张云等,2025)等植物评价中展现出良好适用性。此外,结合植物色素分析(康宇乾等,2022)与相关分析(田晶华,2024)有利于对种质资源进行更客观的综合评价。【本研究切入点】目前,结合主成分分析与隶属函数法对干热河谷地区三角梅进行观赏价值综合评价的研究未见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】以金沙江干热河谷地区常见的18份三角梅种质为研究对象,测定11个表型性状及5种色素含量,并进行群众评分,依据花苞颜色进行分类,分析影响苞片呈色的因素。对数量性状和色素指标持续进行变异系数(CV)分析、聚类分析及与群众观赏价值结合的相关分析,结合主成分分析与隶属函数法建立三角梅综合评价体系,为干热河谷地区三角梅品种选育提供参考。
供试18份三角梅种质由攀枝花学院引种栽培,原始材料采集自金沙江干热河谷地区。于2022年10月进行扦插育苗,选取生长健壮、长势一致的植株作为试验材料。每品种设3次重复,每重复选取3株植株。于2024年3—9月定期观察并记录其叶片、茎刺和初开花苞等部位的形态特征,取样及检测时间为2024年10—12月。为验证观测结果的稳定性与重现性,于2023年10月开展重复种植试验,并在2025年3—9月对重复种植的植株进行系统观测和相关参数的补充调查。18份三角梅种质的苞片和叶片形态如图1所示。
采用RHS2015英国皇家园艺协会比色卡(滕彩玲等,2022)对花苞颜色进行分类。采集同一时期的花苞,确定其对应的比色卡颜色编号,依据编号进行分组。
根据数量性状(苞片长、苞片宽、叶片长和叶片宽)和色素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、原花青素、甜菜红素和甜菜黄素含量)的最大值、最小值、平均值及标准差,计算变异系数(CV)(任丽华等,2025),公式如下:
CV(%)=S/X¯ ×100
公式中,Xˉ为性状及色素平均值,S为标准差。
对18份三角梅种质的品种性状(叶片颜色、叶片类型、苞片平整度、刺、花色、花易落程度、花期、叶片长、叶片宽、苞片长和苞片宽)与色素含量等指标进行观测。使用叶片扫描仪,设置分辨率为300 dpi,以白色A4纸张为底板,摆放叶片,测量叶片长和叶片宽。叶片长定义为自叶基沿叶脉至叶尖的长度(不包括叶柄),叶片宽定义为垂直于叶片长度方向的最大宽度(Schrader et al.,2021)。采用紫外分光光度法,参考张慧会等(2024)的方法测定叶绿素(叶绿素a和叶绿素b)和甜菜色素(甜菜红素和甜菜黄素)含量;参考李春阳等(2004)的方法测定原花青素含量。随机选取不同性别、年龄、职业的群众,依据自身审美对供试三角梅品种的观赏价值进行打分,获得群众评分。根据观测与打分结果,对三角梅品种性状、色素含量及群众评分等指标进行赋值(表1)。
对表型性状数据进行Z-score标准化以消除量纲差异,以欧氏距离计算种质与性状间的差异距离,采用完全连接法(Complete linkage)构建凝聚型层次聚类树,同时完成行(表型性状指标的赋值)与列(三角梅种质)的双向聚类。采用在线生物信息可视化平台绘制双向层次聚类热图。
参考张亚琦等(2024)的方法并采用SPSS 26.0进行PCA分析,得到主成分矩阵。各主成分得分根据特征值与对应品种性状及色素含量赋值的乘积计算,所有主成分得分相加即为品种的最终得分。
将品种性状及色素含量指标进行主成分降维分析,并参考李晓斐等(2025)的方法进行隶属函数分析,得到品种性状及色素含量的隶属函数值,再求其平均值。隶属函数值计算公式如下:
Uxi)=(xi-xmin)/(xmax-xmin
公式中,Uxi)为指标i的隶属函数值,xi为指标i的测定值,xminxmax分别为指标i的最小值和最大值。
将隶属函数值乘以100后与主成分得分相加,取平均值作为综合得分(X)。利用综合得分求出平均值X与标准差S,以XX+S者为Ⅰ级,X+S>XX者为Ⅱ级,X>X>X-S者为Ⅲ级,XX-S者为Ⅳ级,依次划分等级。
使用Excel 2016整理试验数据;利用Origin 2019绘制条形图;采用网站(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/active/YXBuNisdES9UPkR8和https://cloud. metware.cn/#/user/register?shared_by=18379)绘制相关分析图和聚类热图。
采用RHS2015英国皇家园艺协会比色卡对花苞颜色进行分类,将18份三角梅种质分为紫色组、红色组、橙黄色组、粉色组、白色组(表2)。三角梅种质色素含量对比结果如图2所示,红色组的甜菜红素和叶绿素含量最高,白色组的原花青素含量最高,橙黄色组的甜菜黄素最高。18份三角梅种质中,菲菲娜的叶绿素a含量最高;重瓣红的叶绿素b和甜菜红素含量均最高;白雪公主的原花青素含量最高;加州黄金的甜菜黄素含量最高。
变异系数越大,表明品种间数量性状和色素含量差异越大。如表3所示,18份三角梅种质数量性状的变异系数介于28.05%~39.93%,其中叶片宽变异系数最大(39.93%),苞片宽变异系数最小(28.05%);色素含量的变异系数介于26.52%~46.62%,其中原花青素含量的变异系数最大(46.62%),说明同一环境下不同三角梅种质的原花青素含量差异较大;叶绿素a含量的变异系数最小(26.52%)。苞片长、叶片长及色素含量的平均值与中位数间差值均小于0.1,其数据分布较其他性状更为集中。
图3所示,叶片长与叶片宽呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同),相关系数为0.56,表明叶片越长则其宽度越大;苞片长与苞片宽呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数为0.61;叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),相关系数为0.84;原花青素含量与甜菜红素含量和花色均呈极显著负相关(P<0.001),且相关系数均为-0.87;花色与甜菜红素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),相关系数为0.88。群众评分与花色、叶片长、原花青素含量和甜菜红素含量均存在显著或极显著(P<0.01)相关性,其中与花色的相关性最强。
聚类分析结果(图4)显示,18份三角梅种质被划分成四大类群。第一类群包括巴特夫人、菲菲娜和重瓣红,占种质总数的16.67%,特征为颜色较鲜艳,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量较高。第二类群仅含马尼拉小姐,占种质总数的5.56%,特征为颜色鲜艳、花苞与叶片较大。第三类群包括安格斯、加州黄金、金夫人、西施怡锦、斑叶埃娃白和白雪公主,占种质总数的33.33%,特征为花色较浅、原花青素含量较高。第四类群包括桑德瑞纳、芭比诺宝贝劳伦、金达、基利耶坎普贝尔、金边浅紫、金心浅紫、宝塔紫和宝塔橙,占种质总数的44.44%,特征为种质间叶绿素a、叶绿素b和甜菜黄素含量差异较小,花较易落。
对11个品种性状及5种色素含量指标进行聚类分析,将其划分为四大类。其中,第一类和第二类主要体现性状特征,第三类和第四类主要体现色素含量特征。种质间距离越近,其表型特征和色素含量越趋同,亲缘关系越近;表型距离增大,各品种性状呈现显著分化。马尼拉小姐因花色明艳、苞片大、色素含量丰富、叶片特征优良,故与其他种质相比更具独特性。
以特征值大于1为提取标准,共得到6个主成分(表4)。第一主成分(PC1)的特征值为4.03,贡献率为25.17%,其中花色的因子载荷最高;第二主成分(PC2)的特征值为3.16,贡献率为19.72%,其中苞片宽的因子载荷最高;第三主成分(PC3)的特征值为2.29,贡献率为14.32%,其中叶片长的因子载荷最高;第四主成分(PC4)的特征值为1.55,贡献率为9.71%,其中叶片宽的因子载荷最高;第五主成分(PC5)的特征值为1.18,贡献率为7.35%,其中叶片颜色的因子载荷最高;第六主成分(PC6)的特征值为1.05,贡献率为6.59%,其中叶绿素a含量的因子载荷最高。经计算,主成分得分排名前3的种质分别为马尼拉小姐(36.41)、巴特夫人(32.19)和桑德瑞纳(28.29),得分最低的为宝塔橙(13.74)(表5)。马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人和桑德瑞纳花色明艳、叶片和花苞较大、色素含量丰富,综合表现最好;宝塔橙花色不够明艳、叶片和花苞较小,得分最低。
利用PCA分析对数量性状和色素含量指标进行降维处理,得到3个特征值大于1的主成分,累计贡献率为74.64%。按照隶属函数公式计算各指标的隶属函数值,将其分别与3个主成分的特征值相乘后计算平均值,结果如表6所示,排名前3的种质分别为基利耶坎普贝尔、巴特夫人和马尼拉小姐,宝塔橙的排名最低。
综合主成分分析与隶属函数分析将18份三角梅种质划分为四个等级。其中,I级包括马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人、基利耶坎普贝尔,综合得分较高;IV级包括宝塔紫、西施怡锦和宝塔橙,综合得分较低。
金沙江干热河谷年均温度18~24 ℃、昼夜温差大、日照强,年日照时数大于2500 h。一些耐旱性强的三角梅种质花色较其他区域更鲜艳,且花量极大,适合大面积种植。然而,目前关于三角梅在该特殊生境中的生长表现与观赏价值的研究仍属空白。因此,本研究选取金沙江地区常见的18份三角梅种质作为供试材料,开展种质资源综合评价,探析其在金沙江干热河谷地区的观赏适应性与表现差异,为该地区三角梅种质选育与园林应用提供理论依据,也为同类生境植物资源利用提供参考。
相关分析结果显示,叶片长与叶片宽、苞片长与苞片宽分别呈显著和极显著正相关,可见三角梅部分表型性状之间存在相互影响。三角梅苞片中原花青素含量与甜菜红素含量呈极显著负相关(相关系数-0.87)。在植物的苯丙烷代谢途径中,原花青素与花青素拥有同一条以无色花青素为起始底物的关键分支。更重要的是,该分支与甜菜素合成通路共同竞争上游的前体物质,与徐夙侠等(2017)在转录水平上揭示的甜菜素与类黄酮(其重要组成部分为原花青素)生物合成存在此消彼长竞争关系的结论相互印证。群众评分与花色、叶片长、原花青素含量和甜菜红素含量均存在显著或极显著相关性,其中与花色的相关性最强,与许军等(2018)对海棠观赏性的研究结果一致。通过相关分析了解各性状与色素含量间的相关性,可更客观地对三角梅进行种质资源评价。
干热河谷三角梅种质资源在主成分得分上呈现明显差异,表明该区域种质资源具有丰富的表型多样性。在PCA分析中,提取了6个特征值大于1的主成分,累计方差贡献率为82.85%,能够反映三角梅性状的大部分信息。通过计算主成分得分,排名前3的三角梅种质依次为马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人和桑德瑞纳。其中,第二主成分和第三主成分主要由叶片长、叶片宽、苞片长和苞片宽决定,说明苞片与叶片是影响三角梅种质表型多样性的主要性状指标,与郁书君等(2025)对三角梅种质表型遗传多样性的综合分析结果一致,表明这两类性状是影响干热河谷三角梅综合评价的核心维度。
PCA分析与隶属函数法相结合,可将多个品种性状及色素含量指标转化为可量化的综合数据,简化数据结构。通过PCA分析将指标降维至少数几个主成分,再计算隶属函数值,结果可准确区分观赏型(花色多样性高)或功能型(抗逆型、速生型等)种质,与田间观测一致性较高,且优于传统聚类分析(唐桂梅等,2025)。郭小兰等(2025)对惠州市5个品种蓝莓果实品质进行综合评价以及姜秀英等(2025)对辽宁省水稻品种进行品质性状综合评价,均采用PCA分析与隶属函数法相结合的方法,其结果与生产实际观测值较为吻合。本研究将PCA分析法与隶属函数法相结合,发现马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人和基利耶坎普贝尔综合得分较高,其共性为花苞和叶片面积大且花苞颜色鲜艳,与杨思霞等(2024)研究得出综合价值较高的朱瑾品种所具有的特征性状结果一致,说明该方法得出的结论具有可靠性。
在三角梅种质资源现有的研究中,多数研究聚焦单一性状,如Feng等(2025)对抗逆功能基因的研究、Sun等(2025)对花色苷合成基因的研究,或进行区域性品种比较,如张明达等(2023)对云南地区三角梅低温适应性的评价研究。已有研究对种质进行综合评价的案例较少,且多基于少量指标(如开花量、株高等)进行分析,而三角梅性状变异较大(如苞片形态极多样),该类方法难以全面反映资源潜力。PCA分析结合隶属函数法在资源评价中普遍表现出更高的区分度,相较于传统方法,可显著提升三角梅资源评价的客观性、全面性及分类精度,尤其适用于多目标育种(如同时筛选观赏价值高且易栽培的品种)。本研究筛选到综合得分较高的种质与邱胤晖等(2017)筛选到的最优种质有出入,可能是由于评价方法的改进所致。后续对本区域三角梅进行种质资源分析,应扩大样本量,根据三角梅生物学特性优化参数,并利用分子育种技术,同时结合三角梅的抗旱性、耐热性、抗风性等抗逆性状进行研究,为三角梅观赏性研究及种质选育提供更客观的参考依据。
结合主成分分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价,筛选到马尼拉小姐、巴特夫人、基利耶坎普贝尔等3份综合得分较高的三角梅种质资源,其花苞和叶片面积大、花苞颜色鲜艳,适宜在金沙江干热河谷地区推广种植。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.016
  • 接收时间:2025-06-15
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-15
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    1攀枝花学院生物与化学工程学院(农学院),四川 攀枝花 617000

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刘姗(1980-),https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-2139,教授,主要从事植物次生代谢研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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