Article(id=1302212240602583906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401192092, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401192092, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401192092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401192092, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1886, endPage=1898, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212240841659235, articleId=1302212240602583906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Identification,subcellular localization,and expression analysis of longan FLOE gene family, columnId=1302212223523386354, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Horticulture·Landscape Architecture·Forestry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to perform identification,subcellular localization,and expression analysis of the longan FLOE gene family members,explore the mechanism underlying the FLOE gene family during longan somatic embryogenesis and stress response,providing theoretical reference for molecular breeding of stress-tolerant longan.

Method

Using the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOE family protein sequences as reference sequences,DlFLOE gene family members were identified from longan genome. Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze their sequence characteri-stics. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was utilized to analyze different early stages of somatic embryogenesis and expression patterns under hormones and abiotic stresses of DlFLOE gene family.

Result

Three DlFLOE gene family members were identified and named DlFLOE1DlFLOE2,and DlFLOE3 according to their positions on chromosomes. The number of amino acids encoded by DlFLOE family members ranged from 440 to 559,with relative molecular mass ranged from 48.36 to 61.25 kD,and theoretical isoelectric points of 5.51-6.16,indicating that they were all hydrophilic and unstable proteins. The DlFLOE2 protein located in the vacuole,while DlFLOE1 and DlFLOE3 proteins were located in nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the DlFLOE3 gene clustered with the LITCHI022451.m1 gene of Litchi chinensis,indicating that the homologous genes of Sapindaceae were conserved. According to results of gene and protein structure analysis as well as collinearity analysis,the DlFLOE2 gene had five intron,and the rest genes contained two introns,with intron length showing difference between species;most members contained DUF1421 domain;a colli-near relationship was found between DlFLOE2 and DlFLOE3 genes,with the two genes located on different chromosomes and the Ka/Ks=0.261,suggesting that they had been under purifying selection during evolution. Promoter cis-element analysis and subcellular localization results showed that the promoters of DlFLOE family members contained elements responsive to light and drought stress;the DlFLOE1 gene had a strong positive response to high-concentration PEG and was located in nucleus,which was consistent with predictions from online software. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results indicated that DlFLOE genes family members responded to different hormones and abiotic stress treatments,but their expression patterns varied.

Conclusion

The three FLOE gene family members identified from the longan genome exhibit functional differentiation and clear spatiotemporal specificity,showing important roles in stress response and hormone regulation for longan. The DlFLOE1 gene shows a strong positive response to high-concentration PEG,thus,it is suggested to be involved in drought-responsive pathways.

, authors=Chen-guang ZHANG, Chun-yu ZHANG, Zhong-xiong LAI, authorsList=Chen-guang ZHANG, Chun-yu ZHANG, Zhong-xiong LAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhong-xiong LAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212244935299960, articleId=1302212240602583906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=龙眼FLOE基因家族鉴定、亚细胞定位及表达分析, columnId=1302212223691158516, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=园艺·园林·林业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对龙眼FLOE基因家族成员进行鉴定、亚细胞定位及表达分析,探究FLOE基因家族成员在龙眼体胚发生过程与胁迫响应中的作用机理,为龙眼抗逆分子育种提供理论依据。

方法

以拟南芥FLOE家族蛋白序列作为参考序列,从龙眼基因组中鉴定出DlFLOE基因家族成员,利用生物信息学方法对其进行序列特征分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR检测DlFLOE基因家族在体胚发生早期不同阶段以及不同激素和非生物胁迫处理下的表达模式。

结果

共鉴定出3个DlFLOE基因家族成员,按照其在染色体上的位置分别命名为DlFLOE1DlFLOE2DlFLOE3;DlFLOE基因家族成员编码的氨基酸数量介于440~559,相对分子质量介于48.36~61.25 kD,理论等电点介于5.51~6.16,均为亲水性且不稳定的蛋白;DlFLOE2蛋白定位于液泡,DlFLOE1和DlFLOE3蛋白均定位于细胞核。系统发育分析结果显示,DlFLOE3基因与荔枝LITCHI022451.m1基因聚为一支,表明无患子科同源基因具有保守性。基因结构与蛋白结构及共线性分析结果显示,DlFLOE2基因含5个内含子,其余基因均含2个内含子,内含子长度存在物种间差异;绝大多数成员含有DUF1421结构域;DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因间存在共线性关系,2个基因分别位于不同的染色体,且Ka/Ks=0.261,说明其在进化过程中受到纯化选择作用。启动子顺式作用元件与亚细胞定位分析结果显示,DlFLOE家族成员启动子均含有光响应、干旱胁迫响应等元件;DlFLOE1基因对高浓度PEG表现出强烈的正向响应,且该基因定位于细胞核中,与在线软件预测结果一致。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,DlFLOE基因家族成员对不同激素和非生物胁迫处理均有响应,但表达模式存在差异。

结论

从龙眼基因组中鉴定出的3个FLOE基因家族成员存在功能分化,且具有明显的时空特异性,在龙眼逆境响应和激素调节中发挥重要作用,尤其是DlFLOE1基因对高浓度PEG表现出强烈的正向响应,推测其参与抗旱相关通路。

, authors=张晨光, 张春渝, 赖钟雄*, *, authorsList=张晨光, 张春渝, 赖钟雄, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赖钟雄, authorNote=

张晨光(1998-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6599-5681,研究方向为果树生物技术与生物育种,E-mail:

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赖钟雄(1966-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8523-621X,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事园艺植物的生物技术与遗传资源研究工作,E-mail:
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Plant Physiology197(3):kiaf096., articleTitle=The ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6-GRETCHEN HAGEN3.5 module regulates rooting and heat tolerance in Dimocarpus longan, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212245170180985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212245174375290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, companyId=1302212245170180985, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212245182763899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, companyId=1302212245170180985, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建农林大学园艺植物生物工程研究所,福建 福州 350002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212246776599445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Phylogenetic tree based on FLOE gene family protein sequences of Arabidopsis thalianaTriticum aestivumLitchi chinesisPopulus Citrus sinensisOryza sativa,and longan, figureFileSmall=2WhrhNZNlWgXcoU8DXDrSg==, figureFileBig=JaGAJe4yCrLo2w9WgkHT8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248429155222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于拟南芥、小麦、荔枝、杨树、甜橙、水稻和龙眼FLOE基因家族蛋白序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=2WhrhNZNlWgXcoU8DXDrSg==, figureFileBig=JaGAJe4yCrLo2w9WgkHT8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248638870423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Prediction of conserved motif (A),gene structure (B),and protein domain (C) of FLOE gene family members in longan,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Triticum aestivum, figureFileSmall=H+cP5BjjBXoPDcpBvjOFCw==, figureFileBig=uA5cqbzxTTSoNX/Bjpfx/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248697590680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图2, caption=龙眼、拟南芥和小麦FLOE基因家族成员的保守基序(A)、基因结构(B)与蛋白结构域(C)预测, figureFileSmall=H+cP5BjjBXoPDcpBvjOFCw==, figureFileBig=uA5cqbzxTTSoNX/Bjpfx/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248785671065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Chromosomal localization of longan DlFLOE gene family members, figureFileSmall=wSmSAs3a09gfzqc4F+q1pQ==, figureFileBig=PtbGXovzoBoJIwQ2jerazg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248848585626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图3, caption=龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员染色体定位, figureFileSmall=wSmSAs3a09gfzqc4F+q1pQ==, figureFileBig=PtbGXovzoBoJIwQ2jerazg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248924083099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Collinearity analysis between longan Honghezi and other Sapindaceae species, figureFileSmall=GssXn/uamkO4v2kAIPv3mw==, figureFileBig=37sQkHhNxu5YlZUWUN4dvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212248999580572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图4, caption=红核子龙眼与其他无患子科物种间的共线性分析

A:红毛丹;B:鸡蛋本龙眼;C:荔枝;D:拟南芥;E:无患子

, figureFileSmall=GssXn/uamkO4v2kAIPv3mw==, figureFileBig=37sQkHhNxu5YlZUWUN4dvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249075078045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Distribution of cis-acting elements in promoters of longan DlFLOE gene family members, figureFileSmall=iCeYHFZzpIZrOG5iBe1zUg==, figureFileBig=ZhsCPFi2S30zZw3v59JWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249137992606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图5, caption=龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员启动子顺式作用元件分布, figureFileSmall=iCeYHFZzpIZrOG5iBe1zUg==, figureFileBig=ZhsCPFi2S30zZw3v59JWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249205101471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Relative expression of longan DlFLOE gene family members during early somatic embryogenesis, figureFileSmall=27oI3SWiWcodYSegTGw2Fw==, figureFileBig=01D8+b0IRMRiKdbdu+Lmlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249263821728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图6, caption=龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员在体胚发生早期的相对表达量

图柱上不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图8和图9同

, figureFileSmall=27oI3SWiWcodYSegTGw2Fw==, figureFileBig=01D8+b0IRMRiKdbdu+Lmlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249326736289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Relative expression of longan DlFLOE gene family members under different treatments of PEG concentrations, figureFileSmall=4mMF3FxYcmKTkXRh/aXJnA==, figureFileBig=iaMuAGjRT6Yf/RnTftxO9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249393845154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图7, caption=龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员在不同浓度PEG处理下的相对表达量

处理 Treatment

, figureFileSmall=4mMF3FxYcmKTkXRh/aXJnA==, figureFileBig=iaMuAGjRT6Yf/RnTftxO9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249456759715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Relative expression of longan DlFLOE gene family members under treatments of 2,4-D (A),KT (B),and MeJA (C), figureFileSmall=0XI3JS823ErhTiDoy+9xkg==, figureFileBig=i+BV6RJla5KhSaC3ou0lrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249523868580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图8, caption=龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员在2,4-D(A)、KT(B)和MeJA(C)处理下的相对表达量, figureFileSmall=0XI3JS823ErhTiDoy+9xkg==, figureFileBig=i+BV6RJla5KhSaC3ou0lrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249595171749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Relative expression of longan DlFLOE gene family members under treatments of ABA (A),NaCl (B),and PEG (C), figureFileSmall=0vS/XBR3v1HjmKGtr7zHLQ==, figureFileBig=v7vqwSON+fOEY8bnsw2tbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249670669222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图9, caption=龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员在ABA(A)、NaCl(B)和PEG(C)处理下的相对表达量, figureFileSmall=0vS/XBR3v1HjmKGtr7zHLQ==, figureFileBig=v7vqwSON+fOEY8bnsw2tbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249746166695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Subcellular localization of longan DlFLOE1 gene, figureFileSmall=4o9k5EMraKmx9D3YV9aPmg==, figureFileBig=YNeK8M3y5Ttat7EhJklfIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249825858472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=图10, caption=龙眼DlFLOE1基因的亚细胞定位, figureFileSmall=4o9k5EMraKmx9D3YV9aPmg==, figureFileBig=YNeK8M3y5Ttat7EhJklfIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212249905550249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences for real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称 Primer引物序列 Primer sequence用途 Application
DlFLOE1-F5'-TCCTCAGCAAGCACCACCTCAG-3'实时荧光定量PCR
DlFLOE1-R5'-TCCTTCCTCCTTCACCATCATACATCA-3'
DlFLOE2-F5'-CTGCTAAGCGATGGATGTCTGA-3'
DlFLOE2-R5'-AGAGTTCTCAAGGTTGCGGGTT-3'
DlFLOE2-F5'-AGCACCGTATCAACCTTATCAACCA-3'
DlFLOE2-R5'-AACTTCTTCACGCTGATGGCTCAA-3'
UBQ-F5'-GCCGACTACAACATCCAGAAG-3'
UBQ-R5'-GCTTGGTGTAGGTCTTCTTCTT-3'
DlFLOE1-1302-F5'-acgggggactcttgaccatggATGGCTTCTGGATCGTCTGGT-3'测序
DlFLOE1-1302-R5'-aagttcttctcctttactagtCCCTGACCATCCTCTCTGCG-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1302212249968464810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实时荧光定量PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称 Primer引物序列 Primer sequence用途 Application
DlFLOE1-F5'-TCCTCAGCAAGCACCACCTCAG-3'实时荧光定量PCR
DlFLOE1-R5'-TCCTTCCTCCTTCACCATCATACATCA-3'
DlFLOE2-F5'-CTGCTAAGCGATGGATGTCTGA-3'
DlFLOE2-R5'-AGAGTTCTCAAGGTTGCGGGTT-3'
DlFLOE2-F5'-AGCACCGTATCAACCTTATCAACCA-3'
DlFLOE2-R5'-AACTTCTTCACGCTGATGGCTCAA-3'
UBQ-F5'-GCCGACTACAACATCCAGAAG-3'
UBQ-R5'-GCTTGGTGTAGGTCTTCTTCTT-3'
DlFLOE1-1302-F5'-acgggggactcttgaccatggATGGCTTCTGGATCGTCTGGT-3'测序
DlFLOE1-1302-R5'-aagttcttctcctttactagtCCCTGACCATCCTCTCTGCG-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1302212250060739499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic physicochemical properties of longan DlFLOE gene family members

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因
Gene
基因ID
Gene ID
基因位置
Gene location
氨基酸数量
Protein length
理论等电点
Theoretical isoelectric point
相对分子质量(kD)
Relative molecular mass
不稳定系数
Instability coefficient
平均亲/疏水性系数
Average hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity coefficient
亚细胞定位
Subcellular localization
DlFLOE1Dlo027311Chr13:4376048:4379786:+5496.1659.9674.50-0.876细胞核
DlFLOE2Dlo027737Chr13:7788807:7792197:-4405.5148.3652.05-0.581液泡
DlFLOE3Dlo032007Chr15:16404992:16408901:-5595.5161.2578.04-0.769细胞核
), ArticleFig(id=1302212250123654060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212240602583906, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员基本理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因
Gene
基因ID
Gene ID
基因位置
Gene location
氨基酸数量
Protein length
理论等电点
Theoretical isoelectric point
相对分子质量(kD)
Relative molecular mass
不稳定系数
Instability coefficient
平均亲/疏水性系数
Average hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity coefficient
亚细胞定位
Subcellular localization
DlFLOE1Dlo027311Chr13:4376048:4379786:+5496.1659.9674.50-0.876细胞核
DlFLOE2Dlo027737Chr13:7788807:7792197:-4405.5148.3652.05-0.581液泡
DlFLOE3Dlo032007Chr15:16404992:16408901:-5595.5161.2578.04-0.769细胞核
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龙眼FLOE基因家族鉴定、亚细胞定位及表达分析
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张晨光 , 张春渝 , 赖钟雄 *, *
南方农业学报 | 园艺·园林·林业 2026,57(6): 1886-1898
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南方农业学报 |园艺·园林·林业 2026 , 57 (6) : 1886 -1898
龙眼FLOE基因家族鉴定、亚细胞定位及表达分析
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张晨光 , 张春渝, 赖钟雄*, *
作者信息
  • 1福建农林大学园艺植物生物工程研究所,福建 福州 350002
通讯作者:
赖钟雄(1966-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8523-621X,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事园艺植物的生物技术与遗传资源研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

张晨光(1998-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6599-5681,研究方向为果树生物技术与生物育种,E-mail:

Identification,subcellular localization,and expression analysis of longan FLOE gene family
Chen-guang ZHANG , Chun-yu ZHANG, Zhong-xiong LAI
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.023
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目的

对龙眼FLOE基因家族成员进行鉴定、亚细胞定位及表达分析,探究FLOE基因家族成员在龙眼体胚发生过程与胁迫响应中的作用机理,为龙眼抗逆分子育种提供理论依据。

方法

以拟南芥FLOE家族蛋白序列作为参考序列,从龙眼基因组中鉴定出DlFLOE基因家族成员,利用生物信息学方法对其进行序列特征分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR检测DlFLOE基因家族在体胚发生早期不同阶段以及不同激素和非生物胁迫处理下的表达模式。

结果

共鉴定出3个DlFLOE基因家族成员,按照其在染色体上的位置分别命名为DlFLOE1DlFLOE2DlFLOE3;DlFLOE基因家族成员编码的氨基酸数量介于440~559,相对分子质量介于48.36~61.25 kD,理论等电点介于5.51~6.16,均为亲水性且不稳定的蛋白;DlFLOE2蛋白定位于液泡,DlFLOE1和DlFLOE3蛋白均定位于细胞核。系统发育分析结果显示,DlFLOE3基因与荔枝LITCHI022451.m1基因聚为一支,表明无患子科同源基因具有保守性。基因结构与蛋白结构及共线性分析结果显示,DlFLOE2基因含5个内含子,其余基因均含2个内含子,内含子长度存在物种间差异;绝大多数成员含有DUF1421结构域;DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因间存在共线性关系,2个基因分别位于不同的染色体,且Ka/Ks=0.261,说明其在进化过程中受到纯化选择作用。启动子顺式作用元件与亚细胞定位分析结果显示,DlFLOE家族成员启动子均含有光响应、干旱胁迫响应等元件;DlFLOE1基因对高浓度PEG表现出强烈的正向响应,且该基因定位于细胞核中,与在线软件预测结果一致。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,DlFLOE基因家族成员对不同激素和非生物胁迫处理均有响应,但表达模式存在差异。

结论

从龙眼基因组中鉴定出的3个FLOE基因家族成员存在功能分化,且具有明显的时空特异性,在龙眼逆境响应和激素调节中发挥重要作用,尤其是DlFLOE1基因对高浓度PEG表现出强烈的正向响应,推测其参与抗旱相关通路。

龙眼  /  FLOE基因家族  /  逆境胁迫  /  亚细胞定位  /  表达分析
Objective

This study aimed to perform identification,subcellular localization,and expression analysis of the longan FLOE gene family members,explore the mechanism underlying the FLOE gene family during longan somatic embryogenesis and stress response,providing theoretical reference for molecular breeding of stress-tolerant longan.

Method

Using the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOE family protein sequences as reference sequences,DlFLOE gene family members were identified from longan genome. Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze their sequence characteri-stics. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was utilized to analyze different early stages of somatic embryogenesis and expression patterns under hormones and abiotic stresses of DlFLOE gene family.

Result

Three DlFLOE gene family members were identified and named DlFLOE1DlFLOE2,and DlFLOE3 according to their positions on chromosomes. The number of amino acids encoded by DlFLOE family members ranged from 440 to 559,with relative molecular mass ranged from 48.36 to 61.25 kD,and theoretical isoelectric points of 5.51-6.16,indicating that they were all hydrophilic and unstable proteins. The DlFLOE2 protein located in the vacuole,while DlFLOE1 and DlFLOE3 proteins were located in nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the DlFLOE3 gene clustered with the LITCHI022451.m1 gene of Litchi chinensis,indicating that the homologous genes of Sapindaceae were conserved. According to results of gene and protein structure analysis as well as collinearity analysis,the DlFLOE2 gene had five intron,and the rest genes contained two introns,with intron length showing difference between species;most members contained DUF1421 domain;a colli-near relationship was found between DlFLOE2 and DlFLOE3 genes,with the two genes located on different chromosomes and the Ka/Ks=0.261,suggesting that they had been under purifying selection during evolution. Promoter cis-element analysis and subcellular localization results showed that the promoters of DlFLOE family members contained elements responsive to light and drought stress;the DlFLOE1 gene had a strong positive response to high-concentration PEG and was located in nucleus,which was consistent with predictions from online software. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results indicated that DlFLOE genes family members responded to different hormones and abiotic stress treatments,but their expression patterns varied.

Conclusion

The three FLOE gene family members identified from the longan genome exhibit functional differentiation and clear spatiotemporal specificity,showing important roles in stress response and hormone regulation for longan. The DlFLOE1 gene shows a strong positive response to high-concentration PEG,thus,it is suggested to be involved in drought-responsive pathways.

longan  /  FLOE gene family  /  stress  /  subcellular localization  /  expression analysis
张晨光, 张春渝, 赖钟雄. 龙眼FLOE基因家族鉴定、亚细胞定位及表达分析. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1886 -1898 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.023
Chen-guang ZHANG, Chun-yu ZHANG, Zhong-xiong LAI. Identification,subcellular localization,and expression analysis of longan FLOE gene family[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1886 -1898 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.023
【研究意义】龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)作为我国南方重要的特色果树,因其果实营养丰富且栽培历史悠久而具有极高的农业价值(张永福等,2014邓左奇等,2019何海艳等,2022)。然而,其在干旱、高盐等逆境胁迫下的适应性机制尚未完全阐明(朱永静等,2020韩婕等,2022路保顺等,2022童宁等,2023),限制了其抗逆品种的选育与高效栽培。已有研究表明,FLOE基因家族作为植物中的新型水势感受器,在气候变化条件下对抗旱作物的选育具有直接影响(Dorone et al.,2021)。因此,解析龙眼FLOE基因家族成员的组成、分类、结构特征、表达模式及功能,不仅可为阐明特色果树逆境适应机制提供分子依据,还能为龙眼抗逆遗传改良打下理论基础,对提升龙眼栽培适应性和可持续生产具有重要应用价值。【前人研究进展】近年来,植物基因家族功能解析逐渐成为分子生物学领域的研究热点。FLOE基因家族因其在逆境响应中的潜在作用而受到广泛关注。目前,关于FLOE基因家族的研究仍处于起步阶段,仅Dorone等(2021)报道拟南芥(Arabidopsis thalianaAtFLOE1基因通过可逆的水合依赖性相分离特性感知水分胁迫,并调控种子萌发。具体来说,FLOE1的相分离特性由QPS与DS 2个无序区域施加的相反力调节,能在弥散、液滴和固体凝胶状态间切换,进而调控种子萌发。关于植物逆境响应机制,大量研究聚焦于MYB(Li et al.,2019刘雅芝等,2024)、NAC(Mao et al.,2022钱超楠等,2024王晓菲等,2024)、bZIP(吕艳贞等,2024胡漪文等,2025赵同等,2025)和WRKY(周恩强等,2024朱立飞等,2025Chen et al.,2025)等经典转录因子家族。此外,植物激素与胁迫信号通路的交互作用也已被广泛报道(Dong et al.,2023Abdulla et al.,2024Liu et al.,2024Liu et al.,2025),但FLOE基因是否介导此类信号通路的调控仍缺乏深入研究。龙眼在生产过程中频繁遭受季节性寒害(朱建华等,2022)、干旱(王秀琪等,2024)、高温(钟曼茜等,2024)等非生物逆境的严重威胁,对产量和品质构成重大挑战。近年来,龙眼中已报道了多个抗逆相关基因。例如,龙眼β-半乳糖苷酶基因DlBGAL9与MADS-box转录因子DlAGL61和DlAGL80可协同调控龙眼对热胁迫的耐受性(Chen et al.,2024),DlAGL61和DlAGL80通过特异性结合并激活DlBGAL9基因启动子,显著增强DlBGAL9基因转录活性;DlBGAL9基因过表达和DlAGL80均参与有效清除过量积累的活性氧(ROS),进而显著缓解高温胁迫诱导的细胞损伤。龙眼DlERF6基因过表达可促进吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)生物合成并提高ROS清除能力,诱导产生大量快速生长的毛状根并显著提升龙眼耐热性;DlGH3.5基因过表达则减少毛状根数量、缩短根长,同时破坏ROS和生长素平衡,削弱龙眼耐热性;DlERF6基因能特异性结合DlGH3.5基因启动子上的GCC-box元件并抑制其表达,协同调控根系发育与热胁迫响应(Zhang et al.,2025)。【本研究切入点】目前已对模式植物拟南芥开展了FLOE基因家族成员鉴定及分析研究,而关于FLOE基因家族成员在龙眼体胚发生中的作用尚未见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】从拟南芥中获取所有FLOE家族蛋白的氨基酸序列作为参考,利用生物信息学方法确定龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员,并对其蛋白理化性质、系统发育、基因结构、保守基序、蛋白结构域、染色体定位、共线性、启动子顺式作用元件等进行预测分析。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析DlFLOE基因家族成员在体胚发生早期不同阶段、不同聚乙二醇(PEG)处理、不同激素处理和不同非生物胁迫处理下的表达模式,为龙眼抗逆分子育种及木本植物逆境适应机制研究提供理论依据。
供试材料为红核子龙眼胚性愈伤组织(EC),由福建农林大学园艺植物生物工程研究所提供。参照赖钟雄等(1997)建立的培养方法,对胚性愈伤组织进行定向诱导分化,成功获得2种不同发育阶段的材料,包括不完全胚性紧实结构(ICpEC)和球形胚结构(GE)。
DlFLOE基因家族的氨基酸序列、编码区序列(CDS)及基因序列均从本课题组组装的三代龙眼基因组数据库(NCBI登录号:PRJNA792504)中获取。红毛丹(Nephelium lappaceum)、无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、荔枝(Litchi chinensis)、杨树(Populus)、甜橙(Citrus sinensis)、水稻(Oryza sativa)的氨基酸序列和基因注释文件(GFF)从NCBI数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)、Phytozome数据库(https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov/)、Ensembl数据库(https://www.ensembl.org/index.html)、TAIR数据库(http://www.arabidopsis.org)中获取。
采用培养20 d、生长状态良好的龙眼EC为试验材料,进行植物激素和非生物胁迫处理。在激素处理试验中,配置含不同浓度2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D,0、0.1、0.5和1.0 mg/L)、激动素(KT,0、0.5、1.0和2.0 mg/L)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA,0、10、50和100 μmol/L)的MS液体培养基(含20 g/L蔗糖),分别装入150 mL三角锥形瓶中,每瓶加入30 mL。经高压灭菌后,在无菌条件下每瓶接种约0.5 g松散均匀的EC材料,置于25 ℃、110 r/min的恒温摇床中黑暗培养24 h。所有处理均设3个生物学重复。在非生物胁迫试验中,分别设置盐胁迫(NaCl,150 mmol/L)、渗透胁迫(PEG-6000,10%)和外源脱落酸(ABA,10 μmol/L)处理,使用含20 g/L蔗糖的MS液体培养基,灭菌后加入相应胁迫物质,在无菌条件下每瓶接种约0.5 g松散均匀的胚性愈伤组织材料,培养0、4、8和12 h,每个时间点设3个生物学重复。处理结束后,胚性愈伤组织材料立即用液氮速冻,保存于-80 ℃超低温冰箱备用。
以TAIR数据库中的拟南芥FLOE家族蛋白氨基酸序列为参考,与龙眼基因组数据进行BLASTp比对(E<1×10-10),获得DlFLOE基因家族成员。使用NCBI-CDD确定包含完整DUF1421结构域的DlFLOE蛋白,并根据其染色体分布特征进行系统命名。利用ExPasy在线工具(http://web.expasy.org/protparam/)计算氨基酸数量、相对分子质量、理论等电点等参数;利用WoLF PSORT(https://wolfpsort.hgc.jp/)进行亚细胞定位预测。
采用MEGA 11对拟南芥、水稻、甜橙、杨树、荔枝、小麦和龙眼的FLOE蛋白氨基酸序列进行多重比对分析。采用邻接法进行聚类分析并构建系统发育树,设置Bootstrap重复抽样1000次以确保拓扑结构的可靠性。通过iTOL在线平台对系统发育树进行可视化。
基于龙眼基因组GFF文件,采用TBtools分析DlFLOE家族蛋白氨基酸序列。利用MEME在线分析工具(http://meme-suite.org/tools/meme)识别保守基序,在识别过程中,基序总量设定为10,其余参数均采用系统默认值。利用Pfam蛋白质数据库(https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/#table)在线平台鉴定DlFLOE家族蛋白结构域,利用TBtools整合上述分析结果并进行可视化。
基于龙眼基因组的GFF文件,使用TBtools对DlFLOE基因家族成员进行串联重复事件及共线性分析。根据龙眼第三代高通量基因组测序结果进行染色体定位,利用TBtools的Show Gene On Chromosome功能绘制染色体定位图;利用TBtools的Simple Ka/Ks功能计算同义突变率(Ks)、非同义突变率(Ka)及其比值(Ka/Ks)。
提取DlFLOE基因家族成员转录起始位点上游2 kb序列作为启动子区域,通过PlantCARE数据库(https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/)鉴定顺式作用元件。采用RStudio对预测获得的调控元件进行统计分析与可视化。
利用本课题组构建的龙眼转录组数据库(Munir,2022),提取DlFLOE基因家族成员在PEG处理下的FPKM值进行数据统计及表达趋势分析。利用TBtools绘制热图,对数据进行log2转换,并将FPKM值原始数据标注于方框内。
采用北京全式金生物技术股份有限公司的TransZol Up试剂盒提取龙眼各样本的总RNA;采用Revertaid Master Mix反转录酶(美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司)将提取的总RNA反转录合成cDNA。利用Primer 6.0与DNAMAN设计特异性引物(表1),委托厦门擎科生物技术有限公司进行合成。采用Roche LightCycler 96实时荧光定量PCR系统,按照Hieff® qPCR SYBR® Green Master Mix试剂盒(上海翊圣生物科技有限公司)说明进行实时荧光定量PCR检测。以UBQ为内参基因,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因相对表达量。每处理设3个生物学重复。
在模拟干旱胁迫的转录组数据中,选取对干旱胁迫具有明显响应的DlFLOE1基因构建Pcambia1302-DlFLOE1-GFP亚细胞定位载体,并进一步进行功能分析。使用Primer 6.0和DNAMAN设计特异性引物(表1),PCR扩增获得目的片段。采用高效限制性内切酶Nco I和Spe I,对含有特定酶切位点的Pcambia1302质粒载体进行双酶切。采用2× Hieff Clone Enzyme Premix无缝克隆试剂盒,对目标基因与Pcambia1302空载体进行重组。采用冻融技术转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞。随后提取Pcambia1302-DlFLOE1-GFP质粒进行电泳验证,送至福州尚亚生物技术有限公司进行测序。将序列验证正确的载体转入EHA105菌株中再次进行验证。
采用一次性无菌注射器抽取农杆菌液,对红皮洋葱(Allium cepa)内表皮进行注射,用保鲜膜进行封装,将其置于28 ℃恒温气候箱内遮光培养2 d。培养结束后,从侵染区域剥离洋葱内表皮,进行制片及绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)荧光检测分析。
采用SPSS 26.0进行差异显著性分析,使用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1制图。
以拟南芥FLOE家族蛋白氨基酸序列为参考,在龙眼三代基因组中共鉴定出3个DlFLOE基因家族成员,按照其在染色体上的位置分别命名为DlFLOE1DlFLOE2DlFLOE3。如表2所示,DlFLOE基因家族成员编码的氨基酸数量介于440~559,相对分子质量介于48.36~61.25 kD,理论等电点介于5.51~6.16,不稳定系数均>40,为亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,DlFLOE1和DlFLOE3蛋白均定位于细胞核,DlFLOE2蛋白定位于液泡。
为进一步了解龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员的生物学功能及亲缘关系,采用MAGA 11对7个物种的FLOE基因家族蛋白序列进行多重比对,并采用邻接法构建系统发育树。如图1所示,该系统主要分为6个分支。其中,甜橙的3个同源基因(orange1.1g009789m、orange1.1g009964m和orange1.1g014645m)形成高度保守的聚类;龙眼DlFLOE1基因与荔枝同源基因LITCHI021050.m1、LITCHI021050.m2、LITCHI02 1050.m3和LITCHI021050.m4聚于同一分支,DlFL-OE3基因与荔枝LITCHI022451.m1基因聚为一支;杨树的3个同源基因(Potri.012G083200.1.v4.1、Potri.T125008.1.v4.1和Potri.T125008.2.v4.1)聚为一支;小麦的3个同源基因(TraesCS3B02G108100.1、Traes-CS3A02G092900.1和TraesCS3D02G093200.1)聚为一支。
为系统比较龙眼、拟南芥和小麦FLOE基因家族成员的结构与功能特征,对基因家族成员的保守基序、基因结构和蛋白结构域进行可视化。保守基序预测结果(图2-A)显示,多数成员含有Motif1~ Motif4及Motif6和Motif10,说明这6个基序在龙眼DlFLOE家族中较为保守。此外,仅DlFLOE3基因不含Motif4;DlFLOE2DlFLOE3AtFLOE2AtFLOE3基因不含Motif10;DlFLOE1AtFLOE1基因进化距离较近,且含有相同种类的保守基序。对外显子和内含子的分布模式进行分析(图2-B)发现,龙眼、拟南芥和小麦中的FLOE基因家族成员依据内含子数量差异可被划分为2个类别。除DlFLOE2基因含5个内含子外,其余基因均含2个内含子,且内含子长度存在物种间差异,如小麦TraesCS1A02G394400.1基因的内含子长度明显长于拟南芥AtFLOE1基因。蛋白结构预测结果(图2-C)显示,绝大多数成员含有DUF1421结构域,说明该结构域在龙眼DlFLOE基因家族中具有重要功能。
利用TBtools对3个DlFLOE基因家族成员进行染色体定位及共线性分析,结果(图3)显示,DlFLOE基因家族成员分布于2条不同的染色体上,其中DlFLOE1DlFLOE2基因位于染色体Chr13上,DlFLOE3基因位于染色体Chr15上。DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因间存在共线性关系,且2个基因分别位于不同的染色体,说明这可能是由染色体片段复制引起的基因复制事件。对DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因在进化过程中的选择压力进行分析,结果发现Ka/Ks=0.261,说明DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因在进化过程中受到纯化选择作用。
为进一步探究红核子龙眼与模式植物拟南芥及其他无患子科物种间FLOE基因家族成员的进化关系,分析DlFLOE基因家族成员与拟南芥、鸡蛋本龙眼、荔枝、红毛丹和无患子间的共线性关系,结果(图4)显示,红核子龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员与其他物种的FLOE基因家族成员均存在共线性关系,且与红毛丹等近缘物种间存在广泛同源基因对。
通过PlantCARE分析DlFLOE1DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因启动子顺式作用元件,结果(图5)显示,鉴定出的元件分为3类,分别为非生物和生物胁迫响应、植物激素响应及植物生长发育。DlFLOE基因家族成员启动子均含有光响应元件(如G-box、GATA-motif和I-box),表明其可能在光信号调控中具有重要功能。在激素响应方面,脱落酸响应元件(ABRE)与乙烯响应元件(ERE)所占比例较高。此外,启动子区域包含多种响应胁迫的元件,如干旱胁迫相关的MBS元件、低温胁迫相关的LTR元件及机械损伤胁迫相关的WUN-motif元件,表明DlFLOE基因家族成员的表达受到复杂机制调控。
通过实时荧光定量PCR分析3个基因在体胚发生早期的表达水平,结果(图6)显示,DlFLOE基因家族成员在体胚发生早期呈现两类表达特征:DlFLOE1基因的相对表达量在EC阶段达峰值,随着发育进程的推进,其相对表达量持续降低,至GE阶段达最低值;DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因则表现为典型的“Λ”型表达特征,二者均在ICpEC阶段达峰值,至GE阶段达最低值。3个基因在体胚发生早期的时空特异性表达模式提示DlFLOE基因家族成员可能参与调控体胚发生过程中的不同发育事件。
基于(Munir,2022)的转录组测序数据,发现在PEG模拟的干旱胁迫条件下(图7),DlFLOE基因家族成员呈现差异表达。DlFLOE1DlFLOE2基因的相对表达量随PEG浓度增加呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,其中DlFLOE1基因在7.5% PEG处理时相对表达量明显上升,而DlFLOE2基因的变化相对平缓。DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量随PEG浓度增加持续下降。以上结果表明,DlFLOE基因响应PEG模拟的干旱胁迫,尤其是DlFLOE1基因对高浓度PEG表现出强烈的正向响应,推测其可能参与抗旱相关通路。
采用不同浓度的2,4-D、KT与MeJA处理龙眼胚性愈伤组织,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测DlFLOE基因家族成员的表达情况。结果(图8)显示,2,4-D处理下,DlFLOE1基因的相对表达量在浓度为0.1 mg/L时与0 mg/L无显著差异,在浓度为0.5 mg/L时相对表达量显著上调,DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量在浓度为0.5和1 mg/L时显著提高(P<0.05,下同);浓度为0.1 mg/L时,DlFLOE基因家族成员的相对表达量变化较小,说明可能需要一定浓度的2,4-D才能有效诱导其表达。KT处理下,DlFLOE1DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量在浓度为0.5 mg/L时受到明显抑制,但在高浓度下有所回升,DlFLOE2基因的相对表达量则呈先下降后上升的变化趋势。MeJA处理下,DlFLOE1基因的相对表达量随浓度增加呈持续上升趋势,DlFLOE2基因的相对表达量在浓度为10 μmol/L时最高,此后随浓度增加有所下降,DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量在50 μmol/L时略有下降,在浓度为100 μmol/L时显著提高,表明该基因可能在特定浓度下被有效诱导。综上所述,DlFLOE基因家族成员在2,4-D、KT和MeJA处理下表现出多样化的响应模式,这可能与其在植物生长发育、激素信号转导及环境适应中的功能密切相关。
为探究DlFLOE基因家族成员在不同逆境处理下的表达模式,采用10 μmol/L ABA、150 mmol/L NaCl和10% PEG-6000处理龙眼胚性愈伤组织12 h,并采用实时荧光定量PCR测定DlFLOE基因家族成员的相对表达量。结果(图9)显示,10 μmol/L ABA处理下,DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量在0~4 h维持较低水平,在8 h达峰值,12 h回落;DlFLOE1DlFLOE2基因的相对表达量均在8 h达峰值。150 mmol/L NaCl处理下,DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量在0~4 h迅速上升,随后逐渐下降;DlFLOE1DlFLOE2基因的相对表达量在4 h达峰值。10% PEG-6000处理下,DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因的相对表达量均随时间延长呈上升趋势,且在12 h时显著高于其他时间点。综上所述,DlFLOE基因家族成员的表达模式表现为胁迫类型特异性及时间梯度依赖性。
利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达体系,以Pcambia1302-DlFLOE1-GFP为载体,在洋葱内表皮细胞进行DlFLOE1基因亚细胞定位,黑暗培养48 h后进行观察。结果(图10)显示,Pcambia 1302空载体在细胞核和细胞膜均可观察到绿色荧光信号,而Pcambia1302-DlFLOE1-GFP融合蛋白的荧光信号仅见于细胞核,说明DlFLOE1基因定位于细胞核中,与在线软件预测结果一致。
本研究探讨了龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员的进化特征与功能分化机制,鉴定出3个DlFLOE基因家族成员,少于小麦(15个)和甜橙(8个),表明该基因家族在无患子科中未经历明显的基因扩张事件。系统发育分析与跨物种共线性分析结果显示,DlFLOE1基因与荔枝同源基因LITCHI021050.m1、LITCHI021050. m2、LITCHI021050.m3和LITCHI021050.m4聚为一支,为DlFLOE3基因与荔枝同源基因LITCHI022451.m1聚为一支,且与红毛丹等近缘物种间存在广泛同源基因对,佐证了无患子科FLOE家族起源于共同祖先基因的观点。值得注意的是,DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因虽位于不同染色体,但共线性分析表明二者可能是由染色体片段复制事件产生,且受纯化选择作用,暗示其在进化过程中可能通过新功能适应环境压力。此外,DlFLOE家族普遍含有Motif1~Motif4、Motif 6、Motif 10与DUF1421结构域,表明核心功能域在物种间高度保守。这一发现与拟南芥FLOE1通过相分离感知水分胁迫的机制相呼应(Dorone et al.,2021),提示DlFLOE基因家族可能保留类似的环境响应功能。
为阐明DlFLOE基因家族的功能多样性,本研究进一步分析了启动子顺式作用元件、基因结构、亚细胞定位、胁迫响应动态及进化关系。结果显示,所有成员的启动子均含有光响应元件,表明其可能参与光信号介导的生物学过程。其中,DlFLOE2DlFLOE3基因启动子区域富集脱落酸与乙烯响应元件,而DlFLOE1基因则富集生长素和赤霉素调控元件,暗示三者分别通过不同激素通路实现功能分化。生长素与赤霉素的协同作用调控植物生长发育已被广泛报道。研究表明,生长素能够诱导赤霉素的生物合成,而赤霉素则通过调节生长素的运输和分布增强其生理效应,二者共同调控细胞分裂、分化及胚胎形态建成等过程,对植物的生长发育起着至关重要的作用(杜晨曦等,2019)。在拟南芥中,生长素和赤霉素通过调控相关基因的表达,协同影响胚胎的早期发育(王诗忆等,2022)。此外,生长素和赤霉素共同促进细胞分裂和增大,在果实发育过程中发挥着关键的调控作用(He and Yamamuro,2022)。
基因结构分析结果显示,除DlFLOE2基因含5个内含子外,其余成员均含2个内含子,且内含子长度存在物种间差异。例如小麦TraesCS1A02G394400.1基因的内含子长度明显长于拟南芥AtFLOE1基因,可能反映了单子叶与双子叶植物在基因调控机制上的分化。此外,DlFLOE1基因与拟南芥AtFLOE1基因不仅进化关系紧密,且基序组成完全一致,暗示二者在功能上具有保守性。胁迫试验结果显示,DlFLOE3基因分别在ABA处理8 h、NaCl处理4 h被显著诱导,表明其通过ABA途径响应早期胁迫;而DlFLOE1DlFLOE2基因在PEG处理后期被显著激活,提示其可能参与长期渗透压适应。激素处理试验结果显示,DlFLOE1基因对MeJA呈浓度依赖性正向响应,且在0.5 mg/L 2,4-D处理下被显著诱导,暗示其可能通过生长素信号调控胚性细胞发育;而DlFLOE3基因在0.5 mg/L KT处理下表达受抑制,提示细胞分裂素对其功能存在拮抗调控。此外,龙眼DlFLOE基因家族成员与荔枝、红毛丹存在直系同源基因对,且DUF1421结构域高度保守,证实了核心水分感知功能的进化保守性。
从龙眼基因组中鉴定出的3个FLOE基因家族成员存在功能分化,且具有明显的时空特异性,在龙眼逆境响应和激素调节中发挥重要作用,尤其是DlFLOE1基因对高浓度PEG表现出强烈的正向响应,推测其参与抗旱相关通路。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.023
  • 接收时间:2025-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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    1福建农林大学园艺植物生物工程研究所,福建 福州 350002

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赖钟雄(1966-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8523-621X,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事园艺植物的生物技术与遗传资源研究工作,E-mail:
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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