Article(id=1302212222827123420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764518400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401187854, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401187854, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401187854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401187854, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1945, endPage=1956, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212223112336094, articleId=1302212222827123420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and influencing factors of carbon stock in black soil region from the perspective of dynamic carbon density, columnId=1302212223036838621, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Agricultural Information Technology·Agriculture Economics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to clarify the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of carbon stocks in black soil regions and the influencing factors,and reveal how land use change affected carbon storage,so as to enrich carbon stock estimation methods and provide reference for formulating appropriate carbon sequestration policies.

Method

Harbin City,a representative black soil region,was the study area. The land use data and multi-source spatial carbon density data in 2000,2010,and 2020 were employed to reveal the change pattern of carbon stock using time series analysis. The center of gravity migration model,exploratory spatial data analysis,and coldspot/hotspot spatial statistical method were used to characterize spatial differentiation. The geographical detector model was applied to identify the intensity and interaction of influencing factors for carbon stock in the study area.

Result

From 2000 to 2020,cropland and forestland were the dominant land use types in the study area,with pronounced changes occurred,and the areas of land conversion were from cropland and forestland (only second to land conversion from water area),mainly into construction land and unused land. These land use changes shaped the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon stocks,which decreased overall from 6.92×10⁸ t in 2000 to 6.60×10⁸ t in 2020. The center of gravity of carbon stock under land use change shifted 548.61 m southeastward in the study area,with the most pronounced migration distance between 2010 and 2020,reaching 451.36 m. Carbon stock hotspot areas based on land use changes were concentrated and became increasingly expanded,while coldspot areas remained relatively scattered and shrank. Carbon stock under land use change in the study area was commonly influenced by natural environmental and socioeconomic factors,with elevation,land use intensity,distance from county center,and slope exhibiting strong explanatory power. Factor interactions were predominantly characterized by dual-factor enhancement,and interactions between natural and socioeconomic factors explained change in carbon stock more effectively than interactions among factors within a single category.

Conclusion

Between 2000 and 2020,carbon stock under land use change in the study area generally declines,and carbon stock loss is primarily due to the conversion of high-carbon-sink land use types (water areas and forestlands) into low-carbon-sink land use types (unused land,cropland,and construction land),indicating that human-driven land use change has become a key factor influencing carbon stock. Furthermore,carbon stock change shows clear spatial clustering,underscoring the scale-dependent impact of human activities on spatial reorganization of carbon pools. The interaction between natural constraints and human disturbances is a dual-engine dri-ving model for carbon stock change,with elevation,distance from county center,slope,and land use intensity as critical influencing factors of spatial differentiation. Accordingly,it is recommended that cropland retirement should be prioritized in high-risk areas identified by the slope-distance coupling model.

, authors=Ying-hui ZHAO, Xue-qi LIU, Zhao-xue GAI, authorsList=Ying-hui ZHAO, Xue-qi LIU, Zhao-xue GAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212226434224880, articleId=1302212222827123420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=动态碳密度视角下黑土区碳储量时空异质性及其影响因素研究, columnId=1302212223284302559, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=农业信息技术·农业经济, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

明确黑土区碳储量时空异质性及其影响因素,并揭示土地利用变化对碳储量的影响,为丰富碳储量测算方法及科学制定固碳政策提供参考依据。

方法

以典型黑土区——哈尔滨市为研究区,利用2000、2010、2020年 3个时期的土地利用与多源碳密度空间数据,采用时间序列分析揭示碳储量演变规律,综合运用重心迁移模型、探索性空间数据分析及冷热点空间统计方法解析其空间分异特征,并通过地理探测器模型识别研究区碳储量影响因素的作用强度及其交互作用。

结果

2000—2020年研究区土地利用类型以耕地和林地为主,且土地利用类型变化剧烈,其中耕地和林地的转出面积仅次于水域的转出面积,主要转向建设用地和未利用地。土地利用变化决定了碳储量的时空格局,碳储量整体上呈下降趋势,由2000年的6.92×108 t下降至2020年的6.60×108 t。研究区土地利用变化碳储量重心向东南方向迁移548.61 m,其中2010—2020年的迁移距离最明显,达451.36 m。基于土地利用变化的碳储量热点区较集中且呈扩大趋势,而冷点区相对分散且呈缩小趋势。研究区土地利用变化碳储量受自然环境和社会经济因素的共同作用,其中高程、土地利用程度、距县中心距离、坡度等因素的解释力较强;因素间交互作用以双因素增强为主,且自然环境和社会经济的交互作用对碳储量的解释力强于单一因素内部的交互作用。

结论

2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量总体上呈下降态势,碳储量损失主要源于高碳汇土地利用类型(水域和林地)向低碳汇土地利用类型(未利用地、耕地和建设用地)转化,标志着人类活动驱动的土地利用变化已成为影响碳储量的关键因素。此外,研究区碳储量变化具有明显的空间集聚性,其空间格局进一步凸显人类活动对碳库空间重构的尺度效应。自然约束—人文扰动交互作用是碳储量变化的双引擎驱动模型,其中高程、距县中心距离、坡度及土地利用程度是影响碳储量空间异质性的重要因素,故建议对坡度—距离耦合高风险区实施耕地退耕优先策略。

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赵映慧(1976-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-369X,博士,副教授,主要从事城市地理与区域发展研究工作,E-mail:

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Estimation and influencing factors of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica44(13):5476-5493., articleTitle=Estimation and influencing factors of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems in the Yellow River Basin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212239935689567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, doi=10.1016/j.jag.2016.09.013, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=54, issue=null, pageStart=105, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=58, authorNames=Tong X W, Wang K L, Yue Y M, Brandt M, Liu B, Zhang C H, Liao C J, Fensholt R, journalName=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tong X WWang K LYue Y MBrandt MLiu BZhang C HLiao C JFensholt R. 2017. Quantifying the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects on long-term vegetation dynamics in the Karst Regions of Southwest China[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation54:105-113., articleTitle=Quantifying the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects on long-term vegetation dynamics in the Karst Regions of Southwest China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212240023769952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, doi=10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00328-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=81, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=59, authorNames=Trishchenko A P, Cihlar J, Li Z Q, journalName=Re-mote Sensing Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trishchenko A PCihlar JLi Z Q. 2002. Effects of spectral response function on surface reflectance and NDVI measured with moderate resolution satellite sensors[J]. Re-mote Sensing Environment81(1):1-18., articleTitle=Effects of spectral response function on surface reflectance and NDVI measured with moderate resolution satellite sensors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212240107656033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, doi=10.1038/s41467-017-00207-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=151, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=60, authorNames=Zhu J X, Hu H F, Tao S L, Chi X L, Li P, Jiang L, Ji C J, Zhu J L, Tang Z Y, Pan Y D, Birdsey R A, He X H, Fang J Y, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu J XHu H FTao S LChi X LLi PJiang LJi C JZhu J LTang Z YPan Y DBirdsey R AHe X HFang J Y. 2017. Carbon stocks and changes of dead organic matter in China’s forests[J]. Nature Communications8(1):151., articleTitle=Carbon stocks and changes of dead organic matter in China’s forests, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212226635551473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226673300210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, companyId=1302212226635551473, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Administration,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226677494515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, companyId=1302212226635551473, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东北农业大学公共管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212228510405391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Geographical position of the study area, figureFileSmall=twe5d2dcDsVwPsYl2OB2Tg==, figureFileBig=Y9ymqM0i9QvcLY0N4/5EBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212228590097168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区的地理位置, figureFileSmall=twe5d2dcDsVwPsYl2OB2Tg==, figureFileBig=Y9ymqM0i9QvcLY0N4/5EBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212228883698449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Spatial distribution of land use types in the study area from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=aF4jJ9iTg0htFhxDRsnEMA==, figureFileBig=eR4TceXGXgasRKq0sdOrTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212230502699794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2000—2020年研究区土地利用类型的空间分布情况, figureFileSmall=aF4jJ9iTg0htFhxDRsnEMA==, figureFileBig=eR4TceXGXgasRKq0sdOrTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212230574002963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Trends in carbon stock in the study area from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=ld68mLdo/o7xGOscehHAwg==, figureFileBig=O45byBs+znp9HLUnhzfyJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212230670471956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2000—2020年研究区碳储量的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=ld68mLdo/o7xGOscehHAwg==, figureFileBig=O45byBs+znp9HLUnhzfyJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212230766940949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Spatial 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caption=2000—2020年研究区碳储量重心的转移轨迹, figureFileSmall=RyuZQ6r9AnFcIqe22tDNUw==, figureFileBig=YV19f3BJ5TDFRTNniQ1fFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231047959321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Coldspot and hotspot analysis results of carbon stock in the study area from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=YSHNcnw5QH7WaGWolOYHhw==, figureFileBig=cD4Y6y6iX6GUoWfA2x5f2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231115068186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2000—2020年研究区碳储量的冷热点分析结果, figureFileSmall=YSHNcnw5QH7WaGWolOYHhw==, figureFileBig=cD4Y6y6iX6GUoWfA2x5f2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231198954267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Explanatory power of influencing factors on carbon stock under land use change in the study area from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=H2NPUbEVReAGBjfBSrJ9pA==, figureFileBig=76XgQcO9JbbIk8Mj45jWSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231266063132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=图7, caption=2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量的影响因素解释力, figureFileSmall=H2NPUbEVReAGBjfBSrJ9pA==, figureFileBig=76XgQcO9JbbIk8Mj45jWSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231349949213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Detection results of spatial heterogeneous interaction of carbon stock in the study area from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=7oxVE+ZmDo59ztOPd6kVgg==, figureFileBig=ITMcCzwzbhJHr+xfcip0cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231417058078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=图8, caption=2000—2020年研究区碳储量空间异质交互作用探测结果, figureFileSmall=7oxVE+ZmDo59ztOPd6kVgg==, figureFileBig=ITMcCzwzbhJHr+xfcip0cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212231643550495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Indicator system of influencing factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
影响因素
Influencing factor
数据来源
Data source
处理方法
Treatment method
自然环境
Natural environment
X1:高程地理空间数据云(https://www.gscloud.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X2:坡度地理空间数据云(https://www.gscloud.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8 从DEM数据提取
X3:年均气温中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X4:年降水量中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X5:土壤类型国家地球系统科学数据中心土壤分中心(http://soil.geodata.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X6:NDVI中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
社会经济
Socioeconomy
X7:人口密度中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X8:GDP中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X9:距水域距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X10:距铁路距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X11:距县道距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X12:距县中心距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X13:土地利用程度中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Attributes提取
政策
Policy
X14:农业发展政策全国产粮大县名单依据县域单元在粮食生产方面的重要程度进行赋值,将普通县赋值为 0,粮食生产大县赋值为1。
X15:生态保护政策中国科学院资源环境数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn)依据县域单元在生态功能方面的重要程度进行赋值,普通县赋值为0,国家重点森林工程分布区赋值为1;同属多个森林工程区域或重点生态功能保护区的,赋值可叠加。
), ArticleFig(id=1302212231748408096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

影响因素指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
影响因素
Influencing factor
数据来源
Data source
处理方法
Treatment method
自然环境
Natural environment
X1:高程地理空间数据云(https://www.gscloud.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X2:坡度地理空间数据云(https://www.gscloud.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8 从DEM数据提取
X3:年均气温中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X4:年降水量中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X5:土壤类型国家地球系统科学数据中心土壤分中心(http://soil.geodata.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X6:NDVI中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
社会经济
Socioeconomy
X7:人口密度中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X8:GDP中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Mask提取
X9:距水域距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X10:距铁路距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X11:距县道距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X12:距县中心距离全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Euclidean Distance提取
X13:土地利用程度中国科学院资源与环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)利用ArcGIS 10.8中的Extract By Attributes提取
政策
Policy
X14:农业发展政策全国产粮大县名单依据县域单元在粮食生产方面的重要程度进行赋值,将普通县赋值为 0,粮食生产大县赋值为1。
X15:生态保护政策中国科学院资源环境数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn)依据县域单元在生态功能方面的重要程度进行赋值,普通县赋值为0,国家重点森林工程分布区赋值为1;同属多个森林工程区域或重点生态功能保护区的,赋值可叠加。
), ArticleFig(id=1302212231823905569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Land use conversion matrix in the study area from 2000 to 2020 (km2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
土地利用类型
Land use type
2020年
耕地
Cropland
林地
Forestland
草地
Grassland
水域
Water area
建设用地
Construction land
未利用地
Unused land
2000耕地46372.79627.90189.22128.42579.84451.89
林地785.3446063.31364.4171.5614.48437.46
草地179.95154.541716.3512.289.0946.58
水域253.779.2089.951576.0323.382910.15
建设用地204.386.812.693.613025.104.41
未利用地246.7423.4115.6744.465.121538.37
), ArticleFig(id=1302212231895208738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2000—2020年研究区土地利用转移矩阵(km2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
土地利用类型
Land use type
2020年
耕地
Cropland
林地
Forestland
草地
Grassland
水域
Water area
建设用地
Construction land
未利用地
Unused land
2000耕地46372.79627.90189.22128.42579.84451.89
林地785.3446063.31364.4171.5614.48437.46
草地179.95154.541716.3512.289.0946.58
水域253.779.2089.951576.0323.382910.15
建设用地204.386.812.693.613025.104.41
未利用地246.7423.4115.6744.465.121538.37
), ArticleFig(id=1302212232033620771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=EN, label=Table3, caption=

Carbon stock change caused by land use conversion in the study area from 2000 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型转换
Land use type conversion
面积(km2
Area
变化量(t) Change土地利用转出碳储量损失(t)
Carbon stock loss from land use conversion
地上生物量碳库
Above-ground biomass carbon pool
地下生物量碳库
Below-ground biomass carbon pool
土壤量碳库
Soil carbon pool
总碳储量
Total carbon stock
耕地—耕地 Cropland-cropland46372.79-2096725-1043879-10257319-13397923-8.08×106
耕地—林地 Cropland-forestland627.9086796337549918171613060623
耕地—草地 Cropland-grassland189.22-322593139934-993853-1176512
耕地—水域 Cropland-water area128.4212514075123774198974461
耕地—建设用地 Cropland-construction land579.84-530853-414287-3233158-4178298
耕地—未利用地 Cropland-unused land451.89-769181-356099-5630364-6755644
林地—耕地 Forestland-cropland785.34-755886-329634-1681864-2767384-8.20×106
林地—林地 Forestland-forestland46063.31176777179173531874365746942
林地—草地 Forestland-grassland364.41-558638-250239-851310-1660187
林地—水域 Forestland-water area71.56-108882-90307506283307094
林地—建设用地 Forestland-construction land14.48-50592-27712-125558-203862
林地—未利用地 Forestland-unused land437.46-707107-436837-2732409-3876353
草地—耕地 Grassland-cropland179.9586736-379902501272988731.46×105
草地—林地 Grassland-forestland154.5416714175128193548435817
草地—草地 Grassland-grassland1716.35302455135445533403971303
草地—水域 Grassland-water area12.281134567256254680616
草地—建设用地 Grassland-construction land9.09-11577-6026-44357-61960
草地—未利用地 Grassland-unused land46.58-167640-73106-366171-606917
水域—耕地 Water area-cropland253.77-172837-97396-1194638-1464871-1.05×107
水域—林地 Water area-forestland9.204872322842-108235-36670
水域—草地 Water area-grassland89.95-10586-8214-48846-67646
水域—水域 Water area-water area1576.0316693816306013018051631803
水域—建设用地 Water area-construction land23.38-18334-20883-109314-148531
水域—未利用地 Water area-unused land2910.15-670072-708184-7412158-8790414
建设用地—耕地 Construction land-cropland204.38275971177508114010915935881.84×106
建设用地—林地 Construction land-forestland6.811719592144364970058
建设用地—草地 Construction land-grassland2.691060645542625041410
建设用地—水域 Construction land-water area3.61275920921187516726
建设用地—建设用地 Construction land-construction land3025.10432800287726-1850699-1130173
建设用地—未利用地 Construction land-unused land4.41-42201-25900188436120335
未利用地—耕地 Unused land-cropland246.7471647272383789934778789.04×105
未利用地—林地 Unused land-forestland23.4113679461676165773364243
未利用地—草地 Unused land-grassland15.67971946252133935683
未利用地—水域 Unused land-water area44.46399733073004637350
未利用地—建设用地 Unused land-construction land5.1261563544-21308-11608
未利用地—未利用地 Unused land-unused land1538.37-328458-147627-1059250-1535335
), ArticleFig(id=1302212232142672676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222827123420, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2000—2020年研究区土地利用转换引起的碳储量变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土地利用类型转换
Land use type conversion
面积(km2
Area
变化量(t) Change土地利用转出碳储量损失(t)
Carbon stock loss from land use conversion
地上生物量碳库
Above-ground biomass carbon pool
地下生物量碳库
Below-ground biomass carbon pool
土壤量碳库
Soil carbon pool
总碳储量
Total carbon stock
耕地—耕地 Cropland-cropland46372.79-2096725-1043879-10257319-13397923-8.08×106
耕地—林地 Cropland-forestland627.9086796337549918171613060623
耕地—草地 Cropland-grassland189.22-322593139934-993853-1176512
耕地—水域 Cropland-water area128.4212514075123774198974461
耕地—建设用地 Cropland-construction land579.84-530853-414287-3233158-4178298
耕地—未利用地 Cropland-unused land451.89-769181-356099-5630364-6755644
林地—耕地 Forestland-cropland785.34-755886-329634-1681864-2767384-8.20×106
林地—林地 Forestland-forestland46063.31176777179173531874365746942
林地—草地 Forestland-grassland364.41-558638-250239-851310-1660187
林地—水域 Forestland-water area71.56-108882-90307506283307094
林地—建设用地 Forestland-construction land14.48-50592-27712-125558-203862
林地—未利用地 Forestland-unused land437.46-707107-436837-2732409-3876353
草地—耕地 Grassland-cropland179.9586736-379902501272988731.46×105
草地—林地 Grassland-forestland154.5416714175128193548435817
草地—草地 Grassland-grassland1716.35302455135445533403971303
草地—水域 Grassland-water area12.281134567256254680616
草地—建设用地 Grassland-construction land9.09-11577-6026-44357-61960
草地—未利用地 Grassland-unused land46.58-167640-73106-366171-606917
水域—耕地 Water area-cropland253.77-172837-97396-1194638-1464871-1.05×107
水域—林地 Water area-forestland9.204872322842-108235-36670
水域—草地 Water area-grassland89.95-10586-8214-48846-67646
水域—水域 Water area-water area1576.0316693816306013018051631803
水域—建设用地 Water area-construction land23.38-18334-20883-109314-148531
水域—未利用地 Water area-unused land2910.15-670072-708184-7412158-8790414
建设用地—耕地 Construction land-cropland204.38275971177508114010915935881.84×106
建设用地—林地 Construction land-forestland6.811719592144364970058
建设用地—草地 Construction land-grassland2.691060645542625041410
建设用地—水域 Construction land-water area3.61275920921187516726
建设用地—建设用地 Construction land-construction land3025.10432800287726-1850699-1130173
建设用地—未利用地 Construction land-unused land4.41-42201-25900188436120335
未利用地—耕地 Unused land-cropland246.7471647272383789934778789.04×105
未利用地—林地 Unused land-forestland23.4113679461676165773364243
未利用地—草地 Unused land-grassland15.67971946252133935683
未利用地—水域 Unused land-water area44.46399733073004637350
未利用地—建设用地 Unused land-construction land5.1261563544-21308-11608
未利用地—未利用地 Unused land-unused land1538.37-328458-147627-1059250-1535335
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动态碳密度视角下黑土区碳储量时空异质性及其影响因素研究
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赵映慧 , 刘雪琪 , 盖兆雪
南方农业学报 | 农业信息技术·农业经济 2026,57(6): 1945-1956
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南方农业学报 |农业信息技术·农业经济 2026 , 57 (6) : 1945 -1956
动态碳密度视角下黑土区碳储量时空异质性及其影响因素研究
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赵映慧(1976-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-369X,博士,副教授,主要从事城市地理与区域发展研究工作,E-mail:

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赵映慧 , 刘雪琪, 盖兆雪
作者信息
  • 1东北农业大学公共管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
作者简介:

赵映慧(1976-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-369X,博士,副教授,主要从事城市地理与区域发展研究工作,E-mail:

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and influencing factors of carbon stock in black soil region from the perspective of dynamic carbon density
Ying-hui ZHAO , Xue-qi LIU, Zhao-xue GAI
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Administration,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.028
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目的

明确黑土区碳储量时空异质性及其影响因素,并揭示土地利用变化对碳储量的影响,为丰富碳储量测算方法及科学制定固碳政策提供参考依据。

方法

以典型黑土区——哈尔滨市为研究区,利用2000、2010、2020年 3个时期的土地利用与多源碳密度空间数据,采用时间序列分析揭示碳储量演变规律,综合运用重心迁移模型、探索性空间数据分析及冷热点空间统计方法解析其空间分异特征,并通过地理探测器模型识别研究区碳储量影响因素的作用强度及其交互作用。

结果

2000—2020年研究区土地利用类型以耕地和林地为主,且土地利用类型变化剧烈,其中耕地和林地的转出面积仅次于水域的转出面积,主要转向建设用地和未利用地。土地利用变化决定了碳储量的时空格局,碳储量整体上呈下降趋势,由2000年的6.92×108 t下降至2020年的6.60×108 t。研究区土地利用变化碳储量重心向东南方向迁移548.61 m,其中2010—2020年的迁移距离最明显,达451.36 m。基于土地利用变化的碳储量热点区较集中且呈扩大趋势,而冷点区相对分散且呈缩小趋势。研究区土地利用变化碳储量受自然环境和社会经济因素的共同作用,其中高程、土地利用程度、距县中心距离、坡度等因素的解释力较强;因素间交互作用以双因素增强为主,且自然环境和社会经济的交互作用对碳储量的解释力强于单一因素内部的交互作用。

结论

2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量总体上呈下降态势,碳储量损失主要源于高碳汇土地利用类型(水域和林地)向低碳汇土地利用类型(未利用地、耕地和建设用地)转化,标志着人类活动驱动的土地利用变化已成为影响碳储量的关键因素。此外,研究区碳储量变化具有明显的空间集聚性,其空间格局进一步凸显人类活动对碳库空间重构的尺度效应。自然约束—人文扰动交互作用是碳储量变化的双引擎驱动模型,其中高程、距县中心距离、坡度及土地利用程度是影响碳储量空间异质性的重要因素,故建议对坡度—距离耦合高风险区实施耕地退耕优先策略。

黑土区  /  土地利用类型  /  碳储量  /  时空分异  /  影响因素  /  InVEST模型
Objective

This study aimed to clarify the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of carbon stocks in black soil regions and the influencing factors,and reveal how land use change affected carbon storage,so as to enrich carbon stock estimation methods and provide reference for formulating appropriate carbon sequestration policies.

Method

Harbin City,a representative black soil region,was the study area. The land use data and multi-source spatial carbon density data in 2000,2010,and 2020 were employed to reveal the change pattern of carbon stock using time series analysis. The center of gravity migration model,exploratory spatial data analysis,and coldspot/hotspot spatial statistical method were used to characterize spatial differentiation. The geographical detector model was applied to identify the intensity and interaction of influencing factors for carbon stock in the study area.

Result

From 2000 to 2020,cropland and forestland were the dominant land use types in the study area,with pronounced changes occurred,and the areas of land conversion were from cropland and forestland (only second to land conversion from water area),mainly into construction land and unused land. These land use changes shaped the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon stocks,which decreased overall from 6.92×10⁸ t in 2000 to 6.60×10⁸ t in 2020. The center of gravity of carbon stock under land use change shifted 548.61 m southeastward in the study area,with the most pronounced migration distance between 2010 and 2020,reaching 451.36 m. Carbon stock hotspot areas based on land use changes were concentrated and became increasingly expanded,while coldspot areas remained relatively scattered and shrank. Carbon stock under land use change in the study area was commonly influenced by natural environmental and socioeconomic factors,with elevation,land use intensity,distance from county center,and slope exhibiting strong explanatory power. Factor interactions were predominantly characterized by dual-factor enhancement,and interactions between natural and socioeconomic factors explained change in carbon stock more effectively than interactions among factors within a single category.

Conclusion

Between 2000 and 2020,carbon stock under land use change in the study area generally declines,and carbon stock loss is primarily due to the conversion of high-carbon-sink land use types (water areas and forestlands) into low-carbon-sink land use types (unused land,cropland,and construction land),indicating that human-driven land use change has become a key factor influencing carbon stock. Furthermore,carbon stock change shows clear spatial clustering,underscoring the scale-dependent impact of human activities on spatial reorganization of carbon pools. The interaction between natural constraints and human disturbances is a dual-engine dri-ving model for carbon stock change,with elevation,distance from county center,slope,and land use intensity as critical influencing factors of spatial differentiation. Accordingly,it is recommended that cropland retirement should be prioritized in high-risk areas identified by the slope-distance coupling model.

black soil region  /  land use type  /  carbon stock  /  spatiotemporal differentiation  /  influencing factors  /  InVEST model
赵映慧, 刘雪琪, 盖兆雪. 动态碳密度视角下黑土区碳储量时空异质性及其影响因素研究. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1945 -1956 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.028
Ying-hui ZHAO, Xue-qi LIU, Zhao-xue GAI. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and influencing factors of carbon stock in black soil region from the perspective of dynamic carbon density[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1945 -1956 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.028
【研究意义】温室气体大量排放引起全球气候变暖的问题日益严重,给人类的生存与社会经济的可持续发展带来巨大挑战,严重威胁着人类的生活环境及其健康状况(张平平等,2022)。陆地生态系统作为碳循环中的关键碳库,其碳储量变化在减缓温室效应、增加碳汇等方面发挥着重要作用(卢雅焱等,2022),而土地利用变化是驱动陆地生态系统碳储量变化的主要因素(李月和罗红芬,2024)。土地利用类型的变化能直接改变植被和土壤类型的分布,进而对陆地生态系统的碳储量产生影响(杨洁等,2021)。2020年9月22日,习近平总书记在联合国大会一般性辩论上向全世界宣布:“中国将提高国家自主贡献力度,采取更加有力的政策和措施,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。”2022年党的二十大报告也提出“积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和”。因此,基于土地利用视角开展碳储量研究,对优化区域土地资源结构及实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】目前,学术界针对土地利用碳储量已开展大量研究工作,并取得一系列成果。在研究尺度上,围绕全国(Zhu et al.,2017)、省域(魏熙乐等,2025)、城市群/流域(任胤铭等,2023李曼等,2025)、市域(买买提江·买提尼亚孜等,2024)、县域(李月和罗红芬,2024)及地块(孙忠祥等,2019)开展了土地利用碳储量的实证研究,其内容主要涉及模型预测(任胤铭等,2023)、碳储量时空特征(盖兆雪等,2024王洪彦等,2024)及影响因素分析(李曼等,2025)等。任胤铭等(2023)基于FLUS-InVEST模型预测了2045年不同发展情景下京津冀城市群的土地利用格局及其对生态系统服务功能的影响;李曼等(2025)运用InVEST模型定量估算了1990—2020年黄河流域碳储量的时空分布特征,并采用最优参数地理探测器识别碳储量的主要驱动因素。在研究方法上,主要包括遥感反演法(Tong et al.,2017)、样地实测法(董凌勃等,2020)及HASM(赵明伟等,2013)、DNDC(马露露等,2023)、InVEST(于滢等,2024张善红等,2025)等模型模拟法。其中,样地实测法的结果相对准确,但仅适用于反映小尺度的碳储量变化;遥感反演法可进行大尺度碳储量研究,但其遥感植被指数存在不确定性(Trishchenko et al.,2002);模型模拟法通常需要大量的样本数据,且数据的准确性会影响预测结果。此外,模型结构与计算复杂度也决定了模型预测结果的准确性。InVEST模型是以碳密度常数为基础进行计算,具有很强的可操作性,已广泛应用于碳储量评估研究(王洪彦等,2024王硕等,2025)。有关土地利用变化对碳储量影响的研究多采用Markov-CA、PLUS或FLUS与InVEST模型耦合方法,其操作过程相对较复杂。杨洁等(2021)基于2005—2018年黄河流域的土地利用变化规律,运用CA-Markov模型耦合InVEST模型评估了黄河流域2005—2030年的碳储量情况;魏熙乐等(2025)运用PLUS-InVEST模型分析了四川省1990—2020年及2030年自然发展情景、经济发展情景和生态保护情景下的碳储量变化特征。【本研究切入点】纵观已有的文献报道,多采用InVEST模型进行碳储量评估,并将碳密度视为静态参数,忽视了碳密度的时空异质性;在影响因素选取时也极少考虑政策因素,且忽略了影响因素的空间异质性。【拟解决的关键问题】以典型黑土区——哈尔滨市为研究区,选取2000、2010、2020年3个时期的土地利用与多源碳密度空间数据,采用时间序列分析揭示碳储量演变规律,综合运用重心迁移模型、探索性空间数据分析及冷热点空间统计方法解析其空间分异特征,并通过地理探测器模型识别研究区碳储量影响因素的作用强度,以期为丰富碳储量测算方法及科学制定固碳政策提供参考依据。
哈尔滨市(44°04′N~46°40′N,125°42′E~130°10′E)地处我国黑龙江省西南部,下辖道里、南岗、香坊等9个区,依兰、方正、宾县等7个县,以及尚志和五常2个县级市(图1)。哈尔滨市地势呈西低东高,山势平缓,松花江穿越而过,属中温带大陆性季风气候,四季分明,冬长夏短,近20年的年均气温在-0.4~6.2 ℃,年降水量为444~947 mm,且拥有丰富的植被资源。研究区总面积为5.31×104 km2
研究区土地利用数据来源于中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/),空间分辨率为30 m×30 m。根据研究区概况及研究需要,将土地利用类型分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地及未利用地六大类。地上、地下生物量碳密度数据来源于美国国家航空航天局(NASA)橡树岭国家实验室分布式生物地球化学动态存档中心(https://daac.ornl.gov/),土壤有机碳密度数据来源于国家地球系统科学数据中心土壤分中心(http://soil.geodata.cn),所有数据均采用WGS 1984投影坐标系。影响因素指标数据来源及其处理方法如表1所示。
将研究区碳储量分为4个基本碳库,即地上生物量碳库、地下生物量碳库、土壤碳库(15 cm)与凋落物碳库(李姣等,2022)。计算公式如下:
(Si×Cabove+Si×Cbelow+Si×Csoil+Si×Cdead)
公式中,Ctotal表示总碳储量(t);Si表示各土地利用类型面积(km2);i取值1,2,…,6,依次代表耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地及未利用地;Cabove表示每种土地利用类型对应的地上生物量碳密度(t/km2);Cbelow表示每种土地利用类型对应的地下部分生物量碳密度(t/km2);Csoil为每种土地利用类型对应的土壤碳密度(t/km2);Cdead为凋落物碳密度(t/km2),由于其占比小,记为0。
网格单元法可量化分析碳储量在空间上的精细变化,并通过将相关的自然及社会经济等因素转入网格单元内,定量分析研究区域碳储量变化的影响因素(杨忍等,2015买买提江·买提尼亚孜等,2018)。本研究基于ArcGIS 10.8平台,综合考虑研究区范围、分析精度及计算效率等要素,经多次试验验证,最终确定采用3000 m×3000 m的网格尺度,共划分为4591个分析单元;然后基于网格单元法分别进行碳储量冷热点分析和地理探测器分析。
运用重心迁移模型分析研究区碳储量的空间重心坐标及其迁移轨迹情况(李虹等,2015),从动态视角进一步揭示研究区土地利用变化的碳储量空间演变特征,假定研究区包含n个空间单元,第i个单元的中心坐标为(XiYi),其碳储量表征值为Mi。重心坐标表达公式为:
X=i=1n(MiXi)/i=1nMiY=i=1n(MiYi)/i=1nMi
公式中,X表示重心坐标的经度;Y表示重心坐标的纬度;Xi表示第i个网格单元中心点的经度坐标;Yi表示第i个网格单元中心点的纬度坐标;Mi表示第i个网格土地利用变化碳储量。
通过ArcGIS 10.8计算Moran’s I指数,在此基础上借助冷热点分析研究区土地利用变化碳储量的空间集聚特征(王宏等,2018)。当统计量G为正值时,即研究区为高值集聚的热点区,且G越大集聚程度越高;反之,负值则表征低值集聚的冷点区。在置信度上,热点和冷点分为99%、95%和90%置信度。计算公式如下:
i=1nj=1nWijMiMji=1nj=1nMiMj
公式中,Mj表示第j个网格的土地利用变化碳储量;Wij表示要素ij的空间权重矩阵(1表示空间相邻,0表示不相邻)。
地理探测器是探测空间分异性的工具,能定量评估研究区碳储量空间变化的影响因素及因素作用强度(王劲峰和徐成东,2017)。其中,因素探测用于表征不同因素对碳储量空间分异的影响,因素解释力(q)越高表示对现象的解释力越强;交互作用探测用于解析多因素协同作用对碳储量空间分异的解释强度(表2)。计算公式如下:
n=1LNhσh2Nσ2
公式中,q表示因素解释力,取值范围[0,1];L表示因子层数;Nh表示第h层碳储量和因素对应的单元数;N表示研究区整体碳储量和因素对应的单元数;σh2表示第h层碳储量变化方差;σ2表示研究区整体碳储量变化方差。
交互作用探测结果可分为5类。①非线性减弱:qX1X2)<Min[qX1),qX2)];②单因子非线性减弱:Min[qX1),qX2)]<qX1X2)<Max[qX1),qX2)];③双因子增强:qX1X2)>Max[qX1),qX2)];④互相独立:qX1X2)=qX1)+qX2);⑤非线性增强:qX1X2)>qX1)+qX2)。
基于ArcGIS 10.8揭示2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化特征(表2)。2000—2020年研究区的土地利用类型均以耕地和林地为主,二者合计占比超过43.00%。从流动方向来看,2000—2020年研究区的水域转出面积最大,转出3286.45 km2,且88.55%的水域转向未利用地,主要由于极端降水天气所致;其次是耕地和林地,耕地主要转为林地(占31.76%)和建设用地(占29.33%),林地则主要转为耕地(占46.94%)和未利用地(占26.14%)。未利用地的转入面积最大,主要来源于水域,其次是耕地和林地;但整体上耕地和林地均呈减少态势,而建设用地和未利用地呈增加趋势(图2)。综合来看,2000—2020年研究区土地利用类型变化明显,以耕地和林地为主,二者的转出占比最高。耕地、林地及水域的面积呈波动缩减趋势,而建设用地、未利用地及草地的面积呈扩大趋势。
2000—2020年,基于土地利用变化的研究区碳储量整体上呈下降趋势(图3),分别为6.92×108、6.84×108和6.60×108 t。其中,以2010—2020年的研究区碳储量减少幅度较明显,累计减少了0.24×108 t。
2000—2020年,研究区土地利用变化导致其碳储量净损失3.16×107 t,具体表现为:地上生物量碳库减少2.81×106 t(占8.89%),地下生物量碳库减少1.71×106 t(占5.41%),土壤碳库减少2.71×107 t(占85.76%)。从土地利用转换类型来看,水域转出导致的碳储量损失最多,减少了1.05×107 t(表3),占碳储量净损失的33.23%,其中水域转为未利用地和耕地造成的碳储量损失最多;其次是林地和耕地的转出,导致碳储量分别减少了8.20×106 t(占碳储量净损失的25.95%)和8.08×106 t(占碳储量损失总量的25.57%),其中,林地转为未利用地和耕地的碳储量损失最多,而耕地转为未利用地和建设用地的碳储量损失最多。可见,研究区以水域、林地和耕地的转出导致碳储量损失最多,草地和未利用地的转出导致碳储量损失较少。
综上所述,2000—2020年研究区的林地和耕地作为主要碳汇,具有较强的固碳能力;水域和草地次之;建设用地和未利用地的碳汇功能则相对较弱。此外,快速城镇化驱动的建设用地扩张是导致研究区碳储量下降的关键因素,主要表现为耕地向建设用地的转出,以及林地和水域被建设用地占用。
2000—2020年研究区碳储量的空间格局呈模型变化(图4):高值区主要呈块状分布于研究区的北部林区、东南部农田带及中部生态过渡带,其面积呈缩小趋势;中值区呈点状集中分布在高值区的四周,少量呈带状分布在松花江流域,但自2020年起松花江流域的中值区带状分布特征逐渐消失;低值区呈片状分布在研究区的西部、西北部及东北部地区,且呈带状分布于研究区中部,面积变化不明显。综合来看,2000—2020年研究区北部、东南部和中南部的碳储量变化较明显,而其他地区的变化较小。碳储量分布与土地利用类型间存在紧密联系,2000—2020年研究区碳储量高值区分布在通河县中北部、五常市南部等地区,而这些地区的土地利用类型以林地为主,固碳能力较强;碳储量中值区受林地布局影响,主要呈点状围绕着高值区分布;碳储量低值区分布在双城区、香坊区及南岗区等地区,这些地区的土地利用类型主要为建设用地和未利用地,碳储量损失较多。综上所述,2000—2020年研究区碳储量整体上呈减少趋势,其中2010—2020年的变化较明显,主要表现为北部的碳储量高值区面积明显缩减,南部的碳储量中值区分布呈缩减趋势且松花江流域的碳储量中值区带状分布特征大面积消失。
2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量重心基本保持稳定,均在中部的宾县范围内变动,整体向东南方向迁移548.61 m(图5)。其中,2000—2010年的碳储量重心向东南方向迁移121.32 m,而2010—2020年的碳储量重心继续向东南方向偏移,且重心迁移距离较大,向东偏南方向迁移451.36 m,说明研究区东南地区基于土地利用变化的碳储量有所增加。可见,2000—2020年研究区碳储量重心逐渐向南迁移,东南地区的碳储量逐渐改善。
采用ArcGIS 10.8对研究区土地利用变化碳储量进行空间自相关分析,得知2000—2010年、2010—2020年、2000—2020年3个时段的Moran’s I指数均大于0.23,Z-score大于1.11且通过P<0.05显著性检验,说明研究区碳储量在空间上具有聚集性。因此,采用Getis-Ord Gi*对研究区碳储量进行冷热点分析,以揭示碳储量空间变化的聚类分布情况(图6)。2000—2010年研究区土地利用变化碳储量在空间上尚未形成连续的冷点区和热点区。热点区主要聚集在五常市、宾县及香坊区等地区,为碳储量增加的高值区;冷点区主要分布于巴彦县北部和南部、双城区中部、依兰县西部及通河县西部等地区。2010—2020年研究区碳储量冷热点分布呈明显的空间集聚特征,但尚未形成连续的空间集聚区。热点区向研究区的西北部转移,主要分布于宾县北部、巴彦县北部、道里区及道外区等地区,与2000—2010年的冷点区分布相似;冷点区向研究区的东南部转移,主要分布在五常市中部、尚志市、方正县及通河县等地区。整体来看,2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量具有明显的空间集聚性,但尚未形成连续的空间集聚区。热点区的范围在空间上较集中,主要位于道里区、道外区及双城区北部等地区;而冷点区相对分散,主要分布于巴彦县西北部、木兰县东南部及方正县等地区。
土地利用变化碳储量的空间格局是多种因素综合作用的结果。为了探究碳储量变化与多种因素间的关联,综合考虑自然环境、社会经济及政策因素,依据影响因素的可获得性、时效性、显著性原则,共选取15个影响因素进行分析(图7)。
2000—2010年,高程(X1,0.4551)、土地利用程度(X13,0.1965)、距县中心距离(X12,0.1731)、坡度(X2,0.1462)、GDP(X8,0.1462)、NDVI(X6,0.1199)及土壤类型(X5,0.1197)对研究区土地利用变化碳储量的影响力较强,说明这一时段土地利用变化碳储量呈明显的自然环境—社会经济双因素驱动特征,其中自然环境因素(尤其是高程)起主导作用,即研究区的碳储量变化主要受自然环境条件约束。经济快速发展与城镇化不断推进对土地利用有了更高的需求,促使土地利用类型发生转变,尤其是耕地和林地的占用。研究区的低海拔地区所占比例较高,人类活动如农业生产、城市建设等对植被和土壤的干扰频繁,对碳储量损失产生明显的影响。因此,自然环境与社会经济的综合作用是影响2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量的主要因素。
2010—2020年,高程(X1,0.4446)、年均气温(X3,0.2353)、人口密度(X7,0.2325)、距县中心距离(X12,0.1737)、土壤类型(X5,0.1207)、坡度(X2,0.1164)及年降水量(X13,0.1069)对研究区土地利用变化碳储量的影响力较强。这一时段研究区土地利用变化碳储量主要是自然环境和社会经济因素共同作用的结果,且自然环境因素的影响力较2000—2010年明显提升,其中高程仍为关键控制因素。植被是陆地生态系统中主要的碳库,而地形与水热条件通过影响植被类型及其生态系统分布,进而对碳储量的空间分布起重要作用。
借助地理探测器的交互探测模块分析土地利用变化碳储量影响因素的交互作用,结果(图8)显示:2000—2010年,土地利用变化碳储量影响因素间的交互作用以双因素增强为主,而解释力较强的交互因素依次为高程/年均气温(0.5308)、高程/土地利用程度(0.4999)、高程/距县道距离(0.4962)、高程/GDP(0.4933)及高程/NDVI(0.4914)。2010—2020年,土地利用变化碳储量影响因素间交互作用解释力较强的交互因素分别是高程/人口密度(0.5028)、高程/土地利用程度(0.4912)、高程/距县道距离(0.4767)、高程/生态政策(0.4704)、高程/距县中心距离(0.4696)。与2000—2010年不同的是,这一时段自然环境与社会经济因素的交互作用解释力更强,且与生态政策的相互作用对碳储量变化的影响更明显。综上所述,2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量的影响因素交互作用以双因素增强为主。自然环境与社会经济因素的交互作用强于单一因素内部的交互作用。自然环境因素是碳储量空间分异的基底条件,对区域碳储量空间分布具有重要影响,政策和社会经济因素则通过改变土地覆被情况来影响碳储量,即研究区土地利用变化碳储量是自然环境、社会经济及政策因素综合作用的结果。
本研究通过整合2000—2020年高分辨率土地利用数据和空间异质性碳密度数据集,揭示哈尔滨市碳储量的时空演变规律,结果表明,研究区碳储量呈明显的下降趋势(累计减少3.16×107 t),且2010—2020年是碳储量损失最多的阶段(占净损失量的73.17%),与李雪等(2023)曲琛等(2023)的研究结果相似,但略低于卢雅焱等(2022)邵壮等(2022)李曼等(2025)的研究结果,其差异主要源于方法论创新:传统的InVEST模型将区域碳密度简化为均质化参数,忽视了黑土区碳密度的空间分异特征,包括土壤有机质含量梯度、植被覆盖异质性等,导致碳储量被高估。本研究充分考虑碳密度的空间异质性,基于地块尺度计算不同土地利用类型对应的碳密度值(每个像元赋予独立碳密度值),有效提高了碳储量估算的准确性。参照徐丽等(2018)的相关研究,发现研究区各土地利用类型的碳密度数据与其具有良好的一致性,均处于95%置信区间内,且归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)小于15%,表明哈尔滨市各土地利用类型校正后的碳密度数据符合实际。
土地利用变化是导致碳储量减少的主要原因(李姣等,2022陈宁等,2023),其作用机制为双重路径:(1)研究区林地的碳汇效能最强,其碳密度远高于其他土地利用类型,因此林地转出导致明显的碳储量赤字;且耕地和林地的生物量与土壤碳密度梯度差异较大,致使林地转为耕地造成的碳储量损失较多。(2)建设用地的扩张及未利用地的增加也是碳储量损失的主要原因之一,耕地转为未利用地和建设用地的碳储量损失较多。农业粮食生产对黑土区经济发展具有重要意义,在追求经济增长时一些林地可能转换为耕地或建设用地,导致林地面积减少,碳储量损失巨大。碳储量损失的问题未得到有效缓解,因此在保障粮食安全、耕地安全的前提下应重视退耕还林还草政策的落实。碳储量受多种因素影响,包括自然环境和社会经济因素(曾庆雨和孙才志,2024魏熙乐等,2025)。本研究也证实自然环境与社会经济的交互作用对碳储量的解释力强于单一因素内部的交互作用。具体而言,自然资源本底(高程、坡度、土壤类型等)通过控制植被生产力构建碳储量的基础格局,社会经济活动(农业集约化、城市扩张等)则通过改变地表覆被类型重塑碳循环过程。这种自然约束—人文扰动的协同机制导致哈尔滨市西部平原(耕地主导区)碳密度降幅明显高于东部山地(林地主导区),其碳储量变化是自然环境、社会经济和政策因素综合作用的结果(赵映慧等,2022)。
尽管本研究在方法上有所创新,但仍存在一定局限性:(1)尚未深入挖掘气候条件对碳储量变化的影响,如未量化极端气候事件(2013年松花江流域洪涝)对土壤碳库的脉冲式影响;(2)未进行全部地块尺度碳密度数据实地测量,估算结果可能存在一定误差。因此,后续研究需充分考虑气候及人类活动对碳储量的影响。
2000—2020年研究区土地利用变化碳储量总体上呈下降态势,碳储量损失主要源于高碳汇土地利用类型(水域和林地)向低碳汇土地利用类型(未利用地、耕地和建设用地)转化,标志着人类活动驱动的土地利用变化已成为影响碳储量的关键因素。此外,研究区碳储量变化具有明显的空间集聚性,其空间格局进一步凸显人类活动对碳库空间重构的尺度效应。自然约束—人文扰动交互作用是碳储量变化的双引擎驱动模型,其中高程、距县中心距离、坡度及土地利用程度是影响碳储量空间异质性的重要影响因子,故建议对坡度—距离耦合高风险区实施耕地退耕优先策略。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.028
  • 接收时间:2025-12-01
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-01
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    1东北农业大学公共管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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