Article(id=1302212222831326193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770134400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401187855, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401187855, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401187855, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401187855, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1921, endPage=1930, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212223603078131, articleId=1302212222831326193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Effects of foliar spraying different plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions on yield and quality of Orah, columnId=1302212223523386354, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Horticulture·Landscape Architecture·Forestry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions on yield and quality of Orah,providing reference for Orah production and fruit and vegetable waste valorization.

Method

Diffe-rent plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions were uniformly sprayed on leaves of Orah trees at the fruit expansion-ripening stage. Plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions used on treatment A and treatment B were made from cull Orah fruits and discarded cabbage leaves,with an equal spray of purified water as the control treatment (CK). Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value),nitrogen content,phosphorus content,potassium content,amino acid content in leaves and fruits,fruit yield traits,and quality indicators under different treatments were determined. Correlation analysis was conducted on leaf indicators,fruit mass,and fruit quality indicators.

Result

The two treatments of spraying plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions effectively increased the SPAD value of leaves,single fruit weight,and total amino acid contents in leaves and fruits,which were significantly higher than those of CK (P<0.05,the same below);the treatment A exhibited better effects than treatment B. Spraying plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions significantly increased the nitrogen content of leaves,but had little effects on nitrogen content,phosphorus content,and potassium content in Orah fruits. Vitamin C content,soluble sugar contents,total sugar content,and sugar-acid ratio were positive indicators affecting fruit quality. The four indicators of treatment A were significantly higher than those of treatment B and CK;for treatment B,only the sugar-acid ratio was significantly higher than that of the CK,whereas the other three parameters showed no significant differences compared with CK (P>0.05). In terms of the negative indicators affecting Orah fruit quality (total acid content and crude fiber content),treatment A had the lowest values of both indicators,which were significantly lower than CK. The correlation network diagram of indicators showed that spraying Jiaosu nutrient solutions might affect the yield and quality of Orah fruits indirectly by influencing SPAD value,nitrogen content,potassium content,and amino acid content of leaves.

Conclusion

Foliar spraying the two Jiaosu nutrient solutions increase yield and quality of Orah by influencing indicators such as chlorophyll content,amino acid content,and Jiaosu nutrient solutions prepared from fruits of the same plant species show better efficacy.

, authors=Yu-ning WANG1, Ji-ping WANG1, Ye ZHANG1, Rong-xiong TIAN2, Fang-gui SU2, Zeng-gui LUO3, Qin LI1, Tie-dong LU1, Zheng-wu LIU2, Tian-ming SU1, authorsList=Yu-ning WANG, Ji-ping WANG, Ye ZHANG, Rong-xiong TIAN, Fang-gui SU, Zeng-gui LUO, Qin LI, Tie-dong LU, Zheng-wu LIU, Tian-ming SU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ye ZHANG, Tian-ming SU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212226165797883, articleId=1302212222831326193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=叶面喷施不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响, columnId=1302212223691158516, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=园艺·园林·林业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响,为沃柑生产及果蔬废弃物资源化利用提供科学参考。

方法

对果实膨大成熟期的沃柑果树叶片均匀喷施不同植物酵素营养液,处理A和处理B的植物酵素营养液分别由沃柑残次果和包菜残叶作为原料制成,另设喷施等量纯净水作对照处理(CK),测定不同处理叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),叶片和果实的氮、磷、钾、氨基酸含量,果实产量性状及部分品质指标,并对叶片指标、果实质量及果实品质指标进行相关分析。

结果

喷施植物酵素营养液的2个处理均能有效提高沃柑叶片的SPAD值、单果重、叶片和果实的氨基酸总含量,均显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),且处理A效果优于处理B;喷施植物酵素营养液能显著提高叶片的氮含量,但对沃柑果实氮、磷、钾含量影响较小。维生素C、可溶性糖和总糖含量及糖酸比等是影响果实品质的正向指标,处理A的4项指标均显著高于处理B和CK,处理B除糖酸比显著高于CK外,其余3项指标与CK均无显著差异(P>0.05);从影响沃柑果实品质的负向指标(总酸和粗纤维含量)来看,处理A的2项指标含量均为最低,且显著低于CK。各指标相关性网络图表明,喷施植物酵素营养液可能通过影响叶片SPAD值及氮、钾和氨基酸含量从而间接影响沃柑的产量和品质。

结论

叶面喷施2种植物酵素营养液通过影响叶片叶绿素含量、氨基酸含量等从而提高沃柑的产量和品质,其中利用原植株果实为原料制备的植物酵素营养液效果更佳。

, authors=汪羽宁1, 王吉平1, 张野1, *, *, 田荣雄2, 苏方贵2, 罗增桂3, 李琴1, 卢铁东1, 刘正武2, 苏天明1, *, *, authorsList=汪羽宁, 王吉平, 张野, 田荣雄, 苏方贵, 罗增桂, 李琴, 卢铁东, 刘正武, 苏天明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张野, 苏天明, authorNote=

汪羽宁(1984-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8680-1666,高级农艺师,主要从事农业生态环境研究工作,E-mail:

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张野(1982-),https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1403-2380,副研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:
苏天明(1976-),https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9351-9120,博士,研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:
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Journal of China Agricultural University29(6):177-186., articleTitle=Effects of agricultural Jiaosu on the improvement of sandy soil,acidic soil and saline-alkali soil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212245363126429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=66, authorNames=张越, 赵宇宾, 蔡亚凡, 刘小平, 胡跃高, 王小芬, journalName=中国农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张越,赵宇宾,蔡亚凡,刘小平,胡跃高,王小芬. 2020. 农用植物酵素的生态效应研究进展[J]. 中国农业大学学报25(3):25-35., articleTitle=农用植物酵素的生态效应研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302212245451206814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, doi=10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.03.04, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=67, authorNames=Zhang Y, Zhao Y B, Cai Y F, Liu X P, Hu Y G, Wang X F, journalName=Journal of China Agricultural University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YZhao Y BCai Y FLiu X PHu Y GWang X F. 2020. Ecological effects of plant Jiaosu for agriculture:A review[J]. 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Fertilizer use and food security in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers19(2):259-273., articleTitle=Fertilizer use and food security in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212226417456124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226425844733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, companyId=1302212226417456124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226434233342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, companyId=1302212226417456124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广西耕地保育重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212226509730815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226518119424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, companyId=1302212226509730815, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Walnut Research Center of Fengshan County,Hechi,Guangxi 547699,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226526507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, companyId=1302212226509730815, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2凤山县核桃科研开发中心,广西 河池 547699)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212226593615873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226602004482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, companyId=1302212226593615873, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Guangxi Qifeng Juzhou Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530199,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212226606198787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, companyId=1302212226593615873, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3广西起凤橘洲生态农业有限公司,广西 南宁 530199)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212232364978242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of different treatments on SPAD value of Orah leaves, figureFileSmall=k5RnJfCpZpXsd8/HjfmJZA==, figureFileBig=cp5GuK/faKtTHG2cS62+6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212232457252931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理对沃柑叶片SPAD值的影响

图柱上不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=k5RnJfCpZpXsd8/HjfmJZA==, figureFileBig=cp5GuK/faKtTHG2cS62+6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212232725688388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different treatments on nitrogen content,phosphorus content,and potassium content in Orah leaves, figureFileSmall=Z+3b5sDffvbbhU+Dv2ZwHw==, figureFileBig=twPHAKjsghqTnbqD677T9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212232914432069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理对沃柑叶片氮、磷、钾含量的影响

图柱上不同小写字母表示同一元素不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=Z+3b5sDffvbbhU+Dv2ZwHw==, figureFileBig=twPHAKjsghqTnbqD677T9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212233145118790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlation network between indicators, figureFileSmall=KBCxSRjE3QXYslb/FS6bng==, figureFileBig=9Jb4DFQNT0KoYdT5xQV5qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212233216421959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=图3, caption=指标间相关性网络

连线的2个指标间P<0.01,相关系数>0.60;红线表示正相关,蓝线表示负相关;线条粗细表示相关系数大小;指标示意圈越大,表示该指标与其他指标具有显著相关性的数量越多

, figureFileSmall=KBCxSRjE3QXYslb/FS6bng==, figureFileBig=9Jb4DFQNT0KoYdT5xQV5qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212233291919432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic physicochemical properties of soil in depth of 0-20 cm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土壤深度(cm)
Soil depth
全氮含量(g/kg)
Total nitrogen content
全磷含量(g/kg)
Total phosphorus content
全钾含量(g/kg)
Total potassium content
速效氮含量(mg/kg)
Available nitrogen content
速效钾含量(mg/kg)
Available potassium content
有机质含量(g/kg)
Organic matter content
0~100.631.774.2152.52381.1111.74
10~200.541.064.0752.26248.6113.13
), ArticleFig(id=1302212234923503693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

0~20 cm深度土壤基本理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土壤深度(cm)
Soil depth
全氮含量(g/kg)
Total nitrogen content
全磷含量(g/kg)
Total phosphorus content
全钾含量(g/kg)
Total potassium content
速效氮含量(mg/kg)
Available nitrogen content
速效钾含量(mg/kg)
Available potassium content
有机质含量(g/kg)
Organic matter content
0~100.631.774.2152.52381.1111.74
10~200.541.064.0752.26248.6113.13
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235045138510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Components of two kinds of plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物酵素营养液
Plant Jiaosu nutrient solution
pH粗多糖(g/100 g)
Crude polysaccharide
茶多酚(mg/kg)
Tea polyphenol
乳酸菌(×107 CFU/mL)
Lactic acid bacterium
有机质(g/L)
Organic matter
钙(g/L)
Calcium
镁(g/L)
Magneium
铁(mg/L)
Ferric
锌(mg/L)
Zinc
硅(mg/L)
Silicon
A3.940.25926.001.40a52.000.900.4029.04.5065.0
B3.820.27939.000.40b56.700.900.4031.05.2067.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235242270799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2种植物酵素营养液成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物酵素营养液
Plant Jiaosu nutrient solution
pH粗多糖(g/100 g)
Crude polysaccharide
茶多酚(mg/kg)
Tea polyphenol
乳酸菌(×107 CFU/mL)
Lactic acid bacterium
有机质(g/L)
Organic matter
钙(g/L)
Calcium
镁(g/L)
Magneium
铁(mg/L)
Ferric
锌(mg/L)
Zinc
硅(mg/L)
Silicon
A3.940.25926.001.40a52.000.900.4029.04.5065.0
B3.820.27939.000.40b56.700.900.4031.05.2067.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235321962576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different treatments on amino acid content in Orah leaves (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸
Amino acid
处理 Treatment
ABCK
天冬氨酸 Asp5.90±0.10a5.43±0.25b5.37±0.15b
苏氨酸 Thr2.60±0.00a2.47±0.58ab2.37±0.15b
丝氨酸Ser3.63±0.06a3.40±0.00ab3.27±0.23b
谷氨酸 Glu5.57±0.06a5.20±0.00ab5.00±0.35b
脯氨酸 Pro6.37±0.576.03±0.325.73±0.55
甘氨酸 Gly3.60±0.20a3.33±0.15ab3.27±0.16b
丙氨酸 Ala3.00±0.00a2.80±0.00ab2.60±0.00b
缬氨酸 Val2.83±0.582.80±0.002.60±0.20
甲硫氨酸 Met0.13±0.060.10±0.000.10±0.00
异亮氨酸 Ile2.20±0.00a2.17±0.06ab1.97±0.15b
亮氨酸 Leu4.37±0.06a4.17±0.06ab3.90±0.26b
酪氨酸 Tyr2.27±0.162.17±0.002.17±0.00
苯丙氨酸 Phe3.10±0.102.97±0.152.87±0.15
赖氨酸 Lys3.83±0.06a3.67±0.16ab3.47±0.23b
组氨酸 His1.20±0.001.20±0.001.13±0.16
精氨酸 Arg3.27±0.163.13±0.152.97±0.25
总含量 Total content53.87±1.00a51.03±0.76a48.77±3.17b
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235418431569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理对沃柑叶片氨基酸含量的影响(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸
Amino acid
处理 Treatment
ABCK
天冬氨酸 Asp5.90±0.10a5.43±0.25b5.37±0.15b
苏氨酸 Thr2.60±0.00a2.47±0.58ab2.37±0.15b
丝氨酸Ser3.63±0.06a3.40±0.00ab3.27±0.23b
谷氨酸 Glu5.57±0.06a5.20±0.00ab5.00±0.35b
脯氨酸 Pro6.37±0.576.03±0.325.73±0.55
甘氨酸 Gly3.60±0.20a3.33±0.15ab3.27±0.16b
丙氨酸 Ala3.00±0.00a2.80±0.00ab2.60±0.00b
缬氨酸 Val2.83±0.582.80±0.002.60±0.20
甲硫氨酸 Met0.13±0.060.10±0.000.10±0.00
异亮氨酸 Ile2.20±0.00a2.17±0.06ab1.97±0.15b
亮氨酸 Leu4.37±0.06a4.17±0.06ab3.90±0.26b
酪氨酸 Tyr2.27±0.162.17±0.002.17±0.00
苯丙氨酸 Phe3.10±0.102.97±0.152.87±0.15
赖氨酸 Lys3.83±0.06a3.67±0.16ab3.47±0.23b
组氨酸 His1.20±0.001.20±0.001.13±0.16
精氨酸 Arg3.27±0.163.13±0.152.97±0.25
总含量 Total content53.87±1.00a51.03±0.76a48.77±3.17b
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235485540434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different treatments on yield traits of Orah fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
处理 Treatment
ABCK
单果重(g)
Single fruit weight
148.37±3.34a139.63±2.31b132.59±3.40c
横径(mm)
Transverse diameter
71.05±0.08a69.79±0.50b69.08±0.58b
纵径(mm)
Vertical diameter
56.86±0.56a56.15±0.11a54.62±0.70b
单株果实数量
Number of fruit per plant
324.00±9.54ab317.33±2.52b326.67±7.64a
单株产量(kg)
Yield per plant
48.07±1.63a44.31±0.69b43.31±0.70b
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235561037907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同处理对沃柑果实产量性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
处理 Treatment
ABCK
单果重(g)
Single fruit weight
148.37±3.34a139.63±2.31b132.59±3.40c
横径(mm)
Transverse diameter
71.05±0.08a69.79±0.50b69.08±0.58b
纵径(mm)
Vertical diameter
56.86±0.56a56.15±0.11a54.62±0.70b
单株果实数量
Number of fruit per plant
324.00±9.54ab317.33±2.52b326.67±7.64a
单株产量(kg)
Yield per plant
48.07±1.63a44.31±0.69b43.31±0.70b
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235661701204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of different treatments on partial quality indicators of Orah fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
处理 Treatment
ABCK
氮(g/kg) Nitrogen0.12±0.050.09±0.000.11±0.03
磷(g/kg) Phosphorus0.02±0.000.02±0.000.02±0.00
钾(g/kg) Potassium0.14±0.010.14±0.010.15±0.03
维生素C(g/kg) Vitamin C138.67±3.51a129.00±3.61b128.00±2.00b
可溶性糖(%) Soluble sugar9.73±0.12a8.27±0.47b7.73±0.40b
还原糖(%) Reducing sugar4.24±0.504.12±0.184.26±0.13
总糖(g/kg) Sugar content95.00±2.00a86.00±3.61b81.33±0.58b
总酸(g/kg) Total acid4.43±0.12b4.60±0.10ab4.70±0.10a
糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio21.43±0.28a18.70±0.77b17.31±0.27c
粗纤维(%) Crude fiber0.60±0.10b0.73±0.12ab0.80±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235762364501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同处理对沃柑果实部分品质指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
处理 Treatment
ABCK
氮(g/kg) Nitrogen0.12±0.050.09±0.000.11±0.03
磷(g/kg) Phosphorus0.02±0.000.02±0.000.02±0.00
钾(g/kg) Potassium0.14±0.010.14±0.010.15±0.03
维生素C(g/kg) Vitamin C138.67±3.51a129.00±3.61b128.00±2.00b
可溶性糖(%) Soluble sugar9.73±0.12a8.27±0.47b7.73±0.40b
还原糖(%) Reducing sugar4.24±0.504.12±0.184.26±0.13
总糖(g/kg) Sugar content95.00±2.00a86.00±3.61b81.33±0.58b
总酸(g/kg) Total acid4.43±0.12b4.60±0.10ab4.70±0.10a
糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio21.43±0.28a18.70±0.77b17.31±0.27c
粗纤维(%) Crude fiber0.60±0.10b0.73±0.12ab0.80±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235837861974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of different treatments on amino acid content in Orah fruits (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸
Amino acid
处理 Treatment
ABCK
天冬氨酸 Asp0.65±0.06a0.54±0.04a0.42±0.13b
苏氨酸 Thr0.23±0.040.20±0.020.19±0.03
丝氨酸 Ser0.25±0.03a0.23±0.01ab0.18±0.04b
谷氨酸 Glu0.39±0.02a0.34±0.04ab0.31±0.05b
脯氨酸 Pro0.34±0.04a0.27±0.08ab0.18±0.07b
甘氨酸 Gly0.12±0.010.10±0.030.08±0.03
丙氨酸 Ala0.19±0.010.18±0.040.13±0.06
缬氨酸 Val0.09±0.010.08±0.020.07±0.03
甲硫氨酸 Met0.03±0.010.03±0.010.03±0.01
异亮氨酸 Ile0.06±0.020.05±0.010.04±0.02
亮氨酸 Leu0.11±0.050.13±0.030.12±0.05
酪氨酸 Tyr0.10±0.020.09±0.010.09±0.04
苯丙氨酸 Phe0.11±0.010.13±0.030.11±0.04
赖氨酸 Lys0.18±0.030.19±0.030.15±0.02
组氨酸 His0.03±0.020.04±0.010.04±0.02
精氨酸 Arg0.29±0.09b0.46±0.12ab0.54±0.12a
总含量 Total content3.34±0.06a3.14±0.15a2.43±0.40b
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235900776535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同处理对沃柑果实氨基酸含量的影响(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸
Amino acid
处理 Treatment
ABCK
天冬氨酸 Asp0.65±0.06a0.54±0.04a0.42±0.13b
苏氨酸 Thr0.23±0.040.20±0.020.19±0.03
丝氨酸 Ser0.25±0.03a0.23±0.01ab0.18±0.04b
谷氨酸 Glu0.39±0.02a0.34±0.04ab0.31±0.05b
脯氨酸 Pro0.34±0.04a0.27±0.08ab0.18±0.07b
甘氨酸 Gly0.12±0.010.10±0.030.08±0.03
丙氨酸 Ala0.19±0.010.18±0.040.13±0.06
缬氨酸 Val0.09±0.010.08±0.020.07±0.03
甲硫氨酸 Met0.03±0.010.03±0.010.03±0.01
异亮氨酸 Ile0.06±0.020.05±0.010.04±0.02
亮氨酸 Leu0.11±0.050.13±0.030.12±0.05
酪氨酸 Tyr0.10±0.020.09±0.010.09±0.04
苯丙氨酸 Phe0.11±0.010.13±0.030.11±0.04
赖氨酸 Lys0.18±0.030.19±0.030.15±0.02
组氨酸 His0.03±0.020.04±0.010.04±0.02
精氨酸 Arg0.29±0.09b0.46±0.12ab0.54±0.12a
总含量 Total content3.34±0.06a3.14±0.15a2.43±0.40b
), ArticleFig(id=1302212235972079704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=EN, label=Table7, caption=

Correlation analysis results between determined indicators under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
SPADLNLPLKLAFWTDVDNFPYNFNFPFKVCFASSRSSCTACFRSA
SPAD1.000
LN0.6291.000
LP0.682*0.4201.000
LK0.6270.5470.3151.000
LA0.3380.6270.2830.6031.000
FW0.6200.850**0.4820.824**0.831**1.000
TD0.5770.742*0.5140.816**0.861**0.963**1.000
VD0.6290.866**0.2970.759*0.750*0.923**0.889**1.000
NFP0.088-0.1880.448-0.049-0.435-0.237-0.193-0.4221.000
YN0.6530.775*0.679*0.805**0.6520.903**0.885**0.742*0.2021.000
FN0.5300.716*0.4550.788*0.6400.855**0.761*0.6440.0760.897**1.000
FP0.774*0.6220.5400.889**0.6470.797*0.776*0.701*0.0810.838**0.778*1.000
FK0.698*0.856**0.4750.792*0.680*0.923**0.892**0.958**-0.2130.834**0.673*0.790*1.000
VC0.810**0.5890.694*0.6340.5800.739*0.747*0.6190.0000.735*0.689*0.674*0.6091.000
FA0.4760.890**0.2820.5300.843**0.850**0.823**0.912**-0.4460.6650.5630.5910.853**0.5081.000
SS0.667*0.858**0.4850.733*0.787*0.885**0.859**0.805**-0.0260.882**0.838**0.816**0.792*0.759*0.823**1.000
RS0.2760.6180.1750.3970.849**0.668*0.6510.563-0.3320.5330.6460.4560.4210.6100.716*0.798**1.000
SC0.677*0.729*0.4450.893**0.741*0.916**0.885**0.884**-0.2080.832**0.746*0.907**0.941**0.6050.761*0.774*0.4411.000
TA-0.652-0.390-0.338-0.727*-0.753*-0.680*-0.700*-0.6330.375-0.516-0.538-0.783*-0.595-0.720*-0.540-0.625-0.573-0.754*1.000
CF-0.861**-0.406-0.357-0.748*-0.378-0.557-0.521-0.6010.169-0.476-0.455-0.798**-0.625-0.659-0.375-0.518-0.214-0.729*0.836**1.000
RSA0.765*0.733*0.6540.819**0.808**0.939**0.936**0.825**-0.1290.886**0.813**0.869**0.852**0.880**0.740*0.867**0.6460.892**-0.823**-0.701*1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236076937305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212222831326193, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同处理下各测定指标间相关分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
SPADLNLPLKLAFWTDVDNFPYNFNFPFKVCFASSRSSCTACFRSA
SPAD1.000
LN0.6291.000
LP0.682*0.4201.000
LK0.6270.5470.3151.000
LA0.3380.6270.2830.6031.000
FW0.6200.850**0.4820.824**0.831**1.000
TD0.5770.742*0.5140.816**0.861**0.963**1.000
VD0.6290.866**0.2970.759*0.750*0.923**0.889**1.000
NFP0.088-0.1880.448-0.049-0.435-0.237-0.193-0.4221.000
YN0.6530.775*0.679*0.805**0.6520.903**0.885**0.742*0.2021.000
FN0.5300.716*0.4550.788*0.6400.855**0.761*0.6440.0760.897**1.000
FP0.774*0.6220.5400.889**0.6470.797*0.776*0.701*0.0810.838**0.778*1.000
FK0.698*0.856**0.4750.792*0.680*0.923**0.892**0.958**-0.2130.834**0.673*0.790*1.000
VC0.810**0.5890.694*0.6340.5800.739*0.747*0.6190.0000.735*0.689*0.674*0.6091.000
FA0.4760.890**0.2820.5300.843**0.850**0.823**0.912**-0.4460.6650.5630.5910.853**0.5081.000
SS0.667*0.858**0.4850.733*0.787*0.885**0.859**0.805**-0.0260.882**0.838**0.816**0.792*0.759*0.823**1.000
RS0.2760.6180.1750.3970.849**0.668*0.6510.563-0.3320.5330.6460.4560.4210.6100.716*0.798**1.000
SC0.677*0.729*0.4450.893**0.741*0.916**0.885**0.884**-0.2080.832**0.746*0.907**0.941**0.6050.761*0.774*0.4411.000
TA-0.652-0.390-0.338-0.727*-0.753*-0.680*-0.700*-0.6330.375-0.516-0.538-0.783*-0.595-0.720*-0.540-0.625-0.573-0.754*1.000
CF-0.861**-0.406-0.357-0.748*-0.378-0.557-0.521-0.6010.169-0.476-0.455-0.798**-0.625-0.659-0.375-0.518-0.214-0.729*0.836**1.000
RSA0.765*0.733*0.6540.819**0.808**0.939**0.936**0.825**-0.1290.886**0.813**0.869**0.852**0.880**0.740*0.867**0.6460.892**-0.823**-0.701*1.000
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叶面喷施不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响
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汪羽宁 1 , 王吉平 1 , 张野 1, *, * , 田荣雄 2 , 苏方贵 2 , 罗增桂 3 , 李琴 1 , 卢铁东 1 , 刘正武 2 , 苏天明 1, *, *
南方农业学报 | 园艺·园林·林业 2026,57(6): 1921-1930
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南方农业学报 |园艺·园林·林业 2026 , 57 (6) : 1921 -1930
叶面喷施不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响
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汪羽宁(1984-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8680-1666,高级农艺师,主要从事农业生态环境研究工作,E-mail:

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汪羽宁(1984-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8680-1666,高级农艺师,主要从事农业生态环境研究工作,E-mail:

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汪羽宁1 , 王吉平1, 张野1, *, * , 田荣雄2, 苏方贵2, 罗增桂3, 李琴1, 卢铁东1, 刘正武2, 苏天明1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广西耕地保育重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
  • 2凤山县核桃科研开发中心,广西 河池 547699
  • 3广西起凤橘洲生态农业有限公司,广西 南宁 530199
通讯作者:
张野(1982-),https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1403-2380,副研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:
苏天明(1976-),https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9351-9120,博士,研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

汪羽宁(1984-),https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8680-1666,高级农艺师,主要从事农业生态环境研究工作,E-mail:

Effects of foliar spraying different plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions on yield and quality of Orah
Yu-ning WANG1 , Ji-ping WANG1, Ye ZHANG1 , Rong-xiong TIAN2, Fang-gui SU2, Zeng-gui LUO3, Qin LI1, Tie-dong LU1, Zheng-wu LIU2, Tian-ming SU1
Affiliations
  • 1Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China
  • 2Walnut Research Center of Fengshan County,Hechi,Guangxi 547699,China
  • 3Guangxi Qifeng Juzhou Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530199,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.026
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目的

探究不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响,为沃柑生产及果蔬废弃物资源化利用提供科学参考。

方法

对果实膨大成熟期的沃柑果树叶片均匀喷施不同植物酵素营养液,处理A和处理B的植物酵素营养液分别由沃柑残次果和包菜残叶作为原料制成,另设喷施等量纯净水作对照处理(CK),测定不同处理叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),叶片和果实的氮、磷、钾、氨基酸含量,果实产量性状及部分品质指标,并对叶片指标、果实质量及果实品质指标进行相关分析。

结果

喷施植物酵素营养液的2个处理均能有效提高沃柑叶片的SPAD值、单果重、叶片和果实的氨基酸总含量,均显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),且处理A效果优于处理B;喷施植物酵素营养液能显著提高叶片的氮含量,但对沃柑果实氮、磷、钾含量影响较小。维生素C、可溶性糖和总糖含量及糖酸比等是影响果实品质的正向指标,处理A的4项指标均显著高于处理B和CK,处理B除糖酸比显著高于CK外,其余3项指标与CK均无显著差异(P>0.05);从影响沃柑果实品质的负向指标(总酸和粗纤维含量)来看,处理A的2项指标含量均为最低,且显著低于CK。各指标相关性网络图表明,喷施植物酵素营养液可能通过影响叶片SPAD值及氮、钾和氨基酸含量从而间接影响沃柑的产量和品质。

结论

叶面喷施2种植物酵素营养液通过影响叶片叶绿素含量、氨基酸含量等从而提高沃柑的产量和品质,其中利用原植株果实为原料制备的植物酵素营养液效果更佳。

沃柑  /  植物酵素营养液  /  叶面喷施  /  产量  /  品质指标  /  相关分析
Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions on yield and quality of Orah,providing reference for Orah production and fruit and vegetable waste valorization.

Method

Diffe-rent plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions were uniformly sprayed on leaves of Orah trees at the fruit expansion-ripening stage. Plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions used on treatment A and treatment B were made from cull Orah fruits and discarded cabbage leaves,with an equal spray of purified water as the control treatment (CK). Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value),nitrogen content,phosphorus content,potassium content,amino acid content in leaves and fruits,fruit yield traits,and quality indicators under different treatments were determined. Correlation analysis was conducted on leaf indicators,fruit mass,and fruit quality indicators.

Result

The two treatments of spraying plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions effectively increased the SPAD value of leaves,single fruit weight,and total amino acid contents in leaves and fruits,which were significantly higher than those of CK (P<0.05,the same below);the treatment A exhibited better effects than treatment B. Spraying plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions significantly increased the nitrogen content of leaves,but had little effects on nitrogen content,phosphorus content,and potassium content in Orah fruits. Vitamin C content,soluble sugar contents,total sugar content,and sugar-acid ratio were positive indicators affecting fruit quality. The four indicators of treatment A were significantly higher than those of treatment B and CK;for treatment B,only the sugar-acid ratio was significantly higher than that of the CK,whereas the other three parameters showed no significant differences compared with CK (P>0.05). In terms of the negative indicators affecting Orah fruit quality (total acid content and crude fiber content),treatment A had the lowest values of both indicators,which were significantly lower than CK. The correlation network diagram of indicators showed that spraying Jiaosu nutrient solutions might affect the yield and quality of Orah fruits indirectly by influencing SPAD value,nitrogen content,potassium content,and amino acid content of leaves.

Conclusion

Foliar spraying the two Jiaosu nutrient solutions increase yield and quality of Orah by influencing indicators such as chlorophyll content,amino acid content,and Jiaosu nutrient solutions prepared from fruits of the same plant species show better efficacy.

Orah  /  plant Jiaosu nutrient solution  /  foliar spraying  /  yield  /  quality indicator  /  correlation analysis
汪羽宁, 王吉平, 张野, 田荣雄, 苏方贵, 罗增桂, 李琴, 卢铁东, 刘正武, 苏天明. 叶面喷施不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1921 -1930 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.026
Yu-ning WANG, Ji-ping WANG, Ye ZHANG, Rong-xiong TIAN, Fang-gui SU, Zeng-gui LUO, Qin LI, Tie-dong LU, Zheng-wu LIU, Tian-ming SU. Effects of foliar spraying different plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions on yield and quality of Orah[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1921 -1930 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.026
【研究意义】广西地处亚热带地区,光照充足,雨量丰富,是我国水、土、热资源配合较好的地区之一,独特的自然条件下广西果蔬物产丰富,市场竞争力强。2024年广西蔬菜和水果产量分别达4620.19万和3393.96万t(广西壮族自治区统计局和国家统计局广西调查总队,2025)。沃柑是我国南方地区近年来推广较成功的晚熟类柑橘新品种,综合性状较优,南宁市武鸣区沃柑种植面积近3.33万ha,是全国沃柑种植面积最大的县区,年产量达150万t,沃柑种植产业已发展成为当地百亿元农业产业(钱开胜,2024)。但同时,广西果蔬生产中产生大量蔬菜废叶和残次果等农业废弃物,若处理不当,将会污染环境及影响农产品质量安全。因此,研究叶面喷施以不同果蔬残次物为原料制成的植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响,对推进农业废弃物资源化、无害化等综合利用,以及探索农业生态循环和可持续发展具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】肥料对我国粮食安全生产至关重要,但化肥养分利用率低下也带来不容忽视的环境问题(朱兆良和金继运,2013)。推进化肥减量可降低生产成本,减少土壤环境破坏,提高土壤有机质含量,是加快农业全面绿色转型的必然要求。植物酵素营养液是以天然植物组织或作物残体为原料,混合糖、酵素等发酵而成的酵素制剂,对作物具有良好的抑菌、营养供给和生理调节作用(方晟等,2017);其以缓效肥的形式存在,可通过滴灌、喷施、穴施等多种方式使用,适用范围广泛。植物酵素营养液在有氧发酵过程中会产生葡萄糖和氨基酸等大量有机物及有益活性菌,与常规农肥的厌氧发酵不同,有氧发酵产物更有利于作物吸收,满足作物生长所需的营养物质(陈天,2020),同时可提高土壤肥力和微生物数量(梁魁景等,2023)。利用果蔬废弃物制成的植物酵素营养液能够实现农业废弃物资源化、无害化(庞敏晖等,2019张越等,2020)。王一贺等(2022)对果蔬尾菜酵素发酵条件进行系统优化,结果表明,当料液比为3∶10、发酵底物为水果废弃物、EM菌剂添加量为3 mL/L、糖添加量为100 g/L时发酵效果最佳,菌落总数高、大部分无大肠杆菌,且纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶4种功效酶活性良好。谢育利等(2022)研究表明,以残次沃柑为主要原料,辅以自来水和糖蜜能有效制备酵素营养液,酵素营养液中有机酸含量、pH、有机质含量、有效活菌数、蛋白酶活性、β-葡聚糖酶活性及多酚含量均符合QB/T 5323—2018《植物酵素》的指标要求。近年来,以果蔬尾菜为原料制备的酵素营养液在蔬菜生产中的应用效果也得到了广泛验证。高利娟等(2021)研究表明,白菜和番茄尾菜经60 d发酵后制成的发酵液,与有机肥和减半化肥配施可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤速效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,同时使番茄果实酸度降低、氨基酸和维生素C含量提高,可部分替代有机肥与化肥施用。陈卓等(2023)研究表明,叶菜酵素相较于复合肥能显著提高不结球白菜干质量,瓜果酵素和叶菜酵素均能有效促进维生素C、可溶性糖及蛋白质含量的积累。有关研究表明,植物酵素营养液含有机元素和矿物元素,可在适宜的温湿度条件下转化为养分,增强保墒保肥能力,在改良土壤、提高作物产量及品质等方面功效明显(韩亚萍,2020张越等,2024曹敏等,2025陈媚等,2026),如杨文静等(2015)研究发现,叶面喷施孔雀草、紫苏、罗勒、薄荷等芳香植物叶片制成的营养液能提高苹果品质,其中罗勒营养液和薄荷营养液能显著提高叶片中各矿质养分含量,薄荷营养液增加单果重和果实可溶性固形物含量的效果显著;李锐群等(2024)研究发现,与单独的农业废弃物还田和单独施用植物酵素相比,农业废弃物直接还田同时配合施用植物酵素更能促进茄子的生长,增加茄子产量,提高土壤养分含量和土壤中可培养微生物数量;罗诚等(2025)研究表明,利用酵素在化肥减施条件下可协同提升太阳白白菜的产量与品质。【本研究切入点】目前,植物酵素营养液在沃柑生产应用上的研究较少,以叶面喷施方式施用植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量及品质的影响研究更是鲜见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】分别以沃柑残次果和包菜残叶作为原料制备植物酵素营养液,于沃柑果实膨大成熟期进行叶面喷施处理,探究不同植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量和品质的影响,为沃柑生产及果蔬废弃物资源化利用提供科学参考。
试验地位于广西南宁市武鸣区城厢镇邓广村(23°20′90″N,108°38′70″E),地处亚热带季风区,日照充足,雨量充沛,夏季炎热多雨,无霜期长,年平均气温21.7 ℃,年降水量1100~1700 mm。
供试作物为长势一致的6年生沃柑果树,株行距2 m×4 m,种植密度1050株/ha。土壤类型为砖红壤性红壤,土质疏松、通气性好,土层深厚,肥力较好,pH 5.6,0~20 cm深度土壤基本理化性质见表1
沃柑残次果由广西起凤橘洲生态农业有限公司提供,包菜残叶购自当地农贸市场。经检测,甘蔗糖蜜养分:氨基酸31.0 g/L,总糖48.0 g/L,粗多糖5.7%,铁87.8 mg/kg,锌12.1 mg/kg,钙36.0 g/L,镁12.3 g/L,硅1.1 g/L。酵素菌剂(山东中科嘉亿生物工程有限公司)成分:有效活菌数(乳酸菌+酵母菌)≥1.0×1011 CFU/mL。氨基酸水溶肥(广西拜科生物科技有限公司)成分:氨基酸含量75%。植物酵素营养液参照罗蕊等(2012)林宇楠(2016)的方法,根据植物原料∶自来水∶糖蜜(m∶m∶m)=3∶10∶1的比例配制,发酵90 d后备用。其中,植物酵素营养液A:植物原料(7.5 kg沃柑残次果+1.5 kg氨基酸水溶肥)、30 kg自来水、3 kg甘蔗糖蜜混合制备;植物酵素营养液B:植物原料(7.5 kg包菜残叶+1.5 kg氨基酸水溶肥)、30 kg自来水、3 kg甘蔗糖蜜混合制备。2种植物酵素营养液成分除乳酸菌含量差异显著(P<0.05,下同)外,其他成分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05,下同)(表2)。
试验于2023年10月—2024年1月进行。试验按喷施不同植物酵素营养液设2个处理:处理A,喷施植物酵素营养液A;处理B,喷施植物酵素营养液B;另设喷施等量纯净水作对照处理(CK)。选3株长势均匀的相邻果树作一小区,重复3次,随机区组排列,共27株树,各处理间设隔离行和保护行。
叶面喷施不同植物酵素营养液试验,于沃柑果实膨大成熟期,无大风和降雨的天气条件下,上午10时前或下午4时后叶面无露水时进行。分别于2023年10月23日、11月8日、11月23日进行喷施处理。2022和2023年预试验发现,稀释150倍的植物酵素营养液处理下沃柑长势较好,从而确定处理A和处理B分别取植物酵素营养液稀释150倍后均匀喷施于沃柑叶面上,喷施量为5 L/(株·次)。为确保喷施效果最佳,喷施时应确保水滴能够均匀覆盖在叶片的正反面,以充分发挥其效用。
各处理前期农艺措施保持一致,2023年5月每株树施17.5 kg有机肥作基肥,施入后1周左右采用水肥一体化管理进行滴灌,至同年10月共进行水肥一体化滴灌20次,使用肥料分别为尿素(N 46.4%)、磷酸氢二铵(N 18%,P2O5 46%)和硫酸钾(K2O 52%),每次用量分别为34.80、26.85和40.35 kg/ha。
于2024年1月10日进行取样分析,现场测定单果重及叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值);其中,每株果树共采摘15个长势均匀的果实(东南西北中每个方向各3个),测量各重复的45个果实单果重,得出各处理的单果重平均数,单株产量=单果重×单株果实数量;每株果树选取5个点,用SPAD-502 Plus型便携式叶绿素计测定SPAD值。用游标卡尺测量果实纵径、赤道部横径,以及距果皮顶端1/3处厚度。采用邻菲罗啉比色法测定果实维生素C含量,采用硫酸—蒽酮比色法测定果实可溶性糖含量,采用高锰酸钾滴定法测定果实还原糖含量;叶片和果实中氮、磷、钾、氨基酸含量及果实中总糖、总酸、粗纤维含量分别参照NY/T 2017—2011《植物中氮、磷、钾的测定》、GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》、GB/T 10782—2021《蜜饯质量通则》、GB 12456—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》、GB 5009.88—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》进行测定;果实中的糖酸比=总糖含量/总酸含量。
采用Excel 2017和Stata 16.0进行数据统计分析,多重比较采用Duncan’s法,采用Gephi 0.9绘制相关性网络图。
图1可看出,3个处理的沃柑叶片SPAD值以处理A最高,为71.12,显著高于处理B;处理A和处理B的叶片SPAD值均显著高于CK,分别较CK提高6.59%和2.95%。表明叶面喷施植物酵素营养液能有效提高沃柑叶片的SPAD值,同等条件下,处理A对于叶片SPAD值提高的效果优于处理B。
图2可看出,不同处理对沃柑叶片氮、磷、钾含量的影响有所不同。对于叶片氮含量,处理A与处理B无显著差异,但二者均显著高于CK;不同处理叶片磷含量排序为处理A(0.58 mg/g)>处理B(0.50 mg/g)>CK(0.48 mg/g),但三者间无显著差异;处理A叶片钾含量(6.57 mg/g)显著高于处理B(5.43 mg/g)和CK(5.13 mg/g),但处理B与CK无显著差异。表明叶面喷施植物酵素营养液能有效提高沃柑叶片的氮含量,对磷含量提高效果不明显,对钾含量提高作用不同。
表3可看出,不同处理对沃柑叶片氨基酸含量的影响也有所不同,叶片氨基酸总含量排序为处理A>处理B>CK,其中处理A与处理B无显著差异,但二者均显著高于CK。对比不同种类氨基酸含量发现,除组氨酸(His)外,其他种类氨基酸含量均以处理A最高,其中处理A的天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)等9种氨基酸含量均显著高于CK;脯氨酸(Pro)、缬氨酸(Val)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、His、精氨酸(Arg)等7种氨基酸含量在3个处理间无显著差异;处理B的各种氨基酸含量与处理A或CK差异不显著。表明叶面喷施植物酵素营养液能有效提高叶片的氨基酸总体含量,但对不同种类氨基酸含量的影响不同,处理A的提高效果相对较好。
表4可看出,处理A的单果重达148.37 g,显著高于处理B,二者较CK分别显著提高11.90%和5.31%;处理A果实横、纵径及单株产量均为最高,且均显著高于CK,单株果实数量略少于CK,但差异不显著;处理B果实纵径显著高于CK,单株果实数量显著低于CK,果实横径、单株产量与CK无显著差异。表明叶面喷施植物酵素营养液能有效提高沃柑果实质量和单株产量,且在同等条件下,处理A对于果实产量性状提高的效果优于处理B。
表5可看出,不同处理间沃柑果实氮、磷、钾含量差异均未达显著水平,喷施植物酵素营养液对沃柑果实氮、磷、钾含量影响较小。从影响果实品质的正向指标来看,处理A的维生素C、可溶性糖和总糖含量及糖酸比均显著高于处理B和CK,其中维生素C含量分别提高7.50%和8.34%,可溶性糖含量分别提高17.65%和25.87%,总糖含量分别提高10.47%和16.81%,糖酸比分别提高14.60%和23.80%;处理B除糖酸比显著高于CK外,其余正向指标与CK均无显著差异。从影响果实品质的负向指标来看,处理A的总酸和粗纤维含量均为最低,且与CK差异达显著水平,其中总酸含量较处理B和CK分别降低3.70%和5.74%,粗纤维含量较处理B和CK分别降低17.81%和25.00%;处理B的总酸和粗纤维含量与处理A、CK均无显著差异。
表6可看出,不同处理对沃柑果实氨基酸含量的影响有所不同,氨基酸总含量排序为处理A>处理B>CK,其中处理A与处理B无显著差异,但二者均显著高于CK。对比不同种类氨基酸含量发现,处理A的Asp、Thr、Ser、Glu、Pro、Gly、Ala、Val、Ile、Tyr等10种氨基酸含量均为最高,其中Asp、Ser、Glu、Pro等4种氨基酸含量均显著高于CK,但均与处理B无显著差异;处理B的Leu、Phe、Lys、His等4种氨基酸含量均为最高;呈苦味的Arg明显影响柑橘类果实风味,CK的Arg含量显著高于处理A,而处理B的Arg含量与处理A、CK均无显著差异。表明叶面喷施植物酵素营养液能有效提高沃柑果实的氨基酸总体含量,但对不同种类氨基酸含量的影响不同,处理A的提高效果相对较好。
对不同处理间沃柑叶片指标、果实质量及果实品质指标进行相关分析(表7),并构建相关性网络图(图3)。综合分析可知,果实钾含量、单果重、叶片氮含量、SPAD值等指标与其余多数指标存在显著相关性,为进一步探讨叶面喷施植物酵素营养液对沃柑产量及品质的影响,重点选取涉及叶片的指标进行分析。
叶片SPAD值与叶片磷含量及果实磷、钾、可溶性糖和总糖含量、糖酸比呈显著正相关,与果实维生素C含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与果实粗纤维含量呈极显著负相关。
叶片氮含量与单果重、果实纵径及果实钾、氨基酸和可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关,与果实横径、单株产量及果实氮含量、总糖含量、糖酸比呈显著正相关;叶片磷含量与单株产量、果实维生素C含量呈显著正相关,与其他指标相关性均未达显著水平;叶片钾含量与单果重、果实横径、单株产量及果实磷含量、总糖含量、糖酸比呈极显著正相关,与果实纵径及果实氮、钾和可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与果实总酸和粗纤维含量呈显著负相关。
叶片氨基酸含量与单果重、果实横径及果实氨基酸含量、还原糖含量、糖酸比呈极显著正相关,与果实纵径及果实钾、可溶性糖和总糖含量呈显著正相关,与果实总酸含量呈显著负相关。
从以上分析可知,叶面喷施植物酵素营养液可能通过影响沃柑叶片氮、钾和氨基酸含量从而间接影响沃柑果实质量;通过影响叶片SPAD值和钾含量从而间接影响果实粗纤维含量;通过影响叶片SPAD值和磷含量从而间接影响果实维生素C含量;通过影响叶片SPAD值及氮、钾和氨基酸含量从而间接影响果实总糖和可溶性糖含量。
有关研究表明,叶绿素含量的增加对于提高植物光合作用、促进植物生长和发育、增强植物抗逆能力等方面均具有重要意义(王薇等,2013苗妍秀等,2021饶德民等,2024王维等,2025)。本研究结果表明,叶面喷施植物酵素营养液的2个处理呈现相似的变化,2个处理的沃柑叶片SPAD值和产量均明显高于CK,与陈财志等(2023)刘希港等(2023)研究发现农用酵素通过增加叶片叶绿素含量积累、改善叶片光合性能、促进有机物积累可实现增产的结果一致。可能是因为本研究采用的植物酵素营养液中含有大量的矿物质及乳酸菌等生物活性物质,在一定程度上改变了原叶片的矿物质成分,尤其是一些微量元素的含量和状态,改善叶片光合性能,提高叶绿素含量(林敏娟等,2005陈波浪等,2008),从而促进有机物积累;叶片作为积累光合有机物的源器官,将光合作用产物不断输入到果实中,实现增产目的(夏京,2024)。
已有研究表明,氨基酸相对于其他氮源能被植物优先吸收,从而降低植物在吸收同化氮源时所消耗的能量,为果树代谢供氮、供碳和供能,促进增产(周家一等,2021)。刘宇等(2024)研究发现,甘氨酸能促进植物生长,且对光合作用有独特的促进作用,进而增加有机番茄果实的糖含量;本研究中,处理A的叶片甘氨酸含量、果实总糖含量显著高于CK,与刘宇等(2024)的研究结果基本一致。前人研究结果表明,酵素和叶面施肥能提高果实产量、维生素C含量及改善品质(沈奕和赏莹莹,2019谢和缘,2023谢育利等,2023);在本研究条件下,处理A的单果重、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、总糖含量等指标均显著高于处理B和CK,与上述前人研究结果基本一致。本研究中,处理A与处理B果实的氨基酸总含量之间差异不显著,但二者均显著高于CK,处理A和处理B的糖酸比显著高于CK,与夏京(2024)研究发现通过叶面喷施氨基酸肥可显著提高温州蜜柑果实糖酸比的结果一致。Arg呈苦味,是影响柑橘类果实风味的主要因素(林媚等,2022),处理A的Arg含量最低。综上所述,处理A对于提高沃柑果实产量、氨基酸含量及改善果实风味方面显著优于CK,且略优于处理B。
果实是果树的重要营养器官,但在实际生产中因自然落果或人工疏果导致残体量较大,易造成严重的养分流失。罗蕊等(2012)研究表明,喷施以黄金梨幼果为原料制备的梨果实源营养液能增加梨幼树叶片厚度、比叶重、叶绿素含量及矿物质含量,显著提高叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率,也显著提高成年梨树的单果重和硬度。本研究的处理A同样以原植株果实为原料制备酵素营养液,在提高叶绿素含量及果实产量方面的效果与罗蕊等(2012)的研究结果基本一致。处理A的各项指标大多优于处理B,可能是2种植物酵素营养液的成分不同导致,植物酵素营养液A的乳酸菌等活性物质含量高于植物酵素营养液B;此外,处理A直接利用果园废弃物制备植物源营养液更便捷,且更符合养分循环理念。
综上所述,叶面喷施植物酵素营养液的2个处理相较于对照均能明显提高沃柑产量及果实品质,影响机理可能为植物酵素营养液中富含矿物质及乳酸菌等生物活性物质,通过影响叶片叶绿素含量、氨基酸含量等从而促进植物的生长发育和改善品质。综合比较,利用原植株果实为原料制备的植物酵素营养液效果更佳。但由于受限于试验条件,本研究仅探讨了在果实成熟期喷施2种植物酵素营养液对沃柑的影响作用,对于多种酵素营养液在沃柑不同生长时期的施用效果,有待进一步试验探究。
叶面喷施2种植物酵素营养液通过影响叶片叶绿素含量、氨基酸含量等从而提高沃柑的产量和品质,其中利用原植株果实为原料制备的植物酵素营养液效果更佳。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.026
  • 接收时间:2026-02-04
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-04
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    1广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广西耕地保育重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
    2凤山县核桃科研开发中心,广西 河池 547699
    3广西起凤橘洲生态农业有限公司,广西 南宁 530199

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张野(1982-),https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1403-2380,副研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:
苏天明(1976-),https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9351-9120,博士,研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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