Article(id=1302212247024070819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762704000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401193624, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401193624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401193624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401193624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1910, endPage=1920, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212248680820900, articleId=1302212247024070819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Effects of different improvement measures on physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of rhizosphere soil in replanted peach orchard, columnId=1302212223523386354, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Horticulture·Landscape Architecture·Forestry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the effects of different improvement measures on physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of peach rhizosphere soil,providing theoretical basis for peach continuous crop obstacle alleviation and sustainable development of peach cultivation.

Method

Replanted peach rhizosphere soil was used as the research object. Three treatments were established:deep tillage of original soil followed by rice rotation + natural grass (DR+NG),deep tillage of original soil followed by rice rotation + alfalfa grass (DR+PA),and deep tillage of original soil + natural grass (DT+NG). Soil physicochemical property determination and high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial communities of rhizosphere soil in peach orchard under different improvement measures,and function prediction was performed.

Result

The analysis results of soil physicochemical pro-perty showed that,compared with the DT+NG treatment,the DR+NG treatment significantly increased soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and organic matter content (P<0.05,same below),and significantly decreased electrical conductivity and available potassium content. Compared with the DR+NG treatment,the DR+PA treatment significantly decreased soil pH,electrical conductivity,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,and organic matter content while significantly increased available potassium content. Bacterial community analysis showed that,compared with the DT+NG treatment,the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Crenarchaeota,Latescibacterota,NB1-j,and Nitrospirota significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.01) increased;compared with the DR+NG treatment,the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota,Desulfobacterota,Firmicutes,and Chloroflexi significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.01) increased. Soil microbial diversity showed significant differences among treatments. Compared with the DT+NG treatment,the ACE and Chao indexes under the DR+NG treatment increased by 7.30% and 6.90% respectively,the Simpson index extremely significantly increased by 44.09% (P<0.001),and the Shannon index extremely significantly decreased by 2.27% (P<0.001);compared with the DR+NG treatment,the ACE,Chao,and Shannon indexes under the DR+PA treatment extremely significantly increased by 13.50%,13.30%,and 2.80% (P<0.001) respectively,and the Simpson index extremely significantly decreased by 25.68% (P<0.001). Function prediction results showed that rice rotation and grass treatments significantly affected carbon and nitrogen cycling-related functions,and compared with the DT+NG treatment,relative abundance of nitrification function under the DR+NG treatment extremely significantly increased by 103.6% (P<0.01);compared with the DR+NG treatment,relative abundance of chemoheterotrophy,aerobic chemoheterotrophy,and nitrogen fixation functions under the DR+PA treatment extremely significantly increased by 17.3%,22.0%,and 88.3% respectively (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Deep tillage followed by rice rotation combined with alfalfa grass treatment can improve soil physicochemical properties and provide an ideal microbial environment for early peach growth. Compared with conventional natural grass and deep tillage alone,it shows better comprehensive improvement effects and can be applied in the renewal of old peach orchards.

, authors=Jia-jun HOU1, 2, Qing-feng WANG2, 3, Yun LING1, Chang-bin CHU2, 3, Zheng ZHAO2, 3, Shu-hang WU2, 3, authorsList=Jia-jun HOU, Qing-feng WANG, Yun LING, Chang-bin CHU, Zheng ZHAO, Shu-hang WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yun LING, Shu-hang WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212251092545715, articleId=1302212247024070819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=再植桃园不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响, columnId=1302212223691158516, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=园艺·园林·林业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响,为缓解桃树连作障碍、推动桃种植业可持续发展提供理论依据。

方法

以再植桃树根际土壤为研究对象,设置3个处理:原土深翻后轮作一季水稻+自然生草(DR+NG)、原土深翻后轮作一季水稻+苜蓿生草(DR+PA)和原土深翻+自然生草(DT+NG)。通过测定土壤理化性质及高通量测序,分析不同改良措施下桃园根际土壤细菌群落的组成和多样性,并进行功能预测。

结果

土壤理化性质分析结果显示,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理可显著提高土壤pH及碱解氮和有机质含量(P<0.05,下同),显著降低电导率和速效钾含量;与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的土壤pH、电导率以及碱解氮和有机质含量均显著降低,速效钾含量显著提高。细菌群落分析结果显示,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)、匿杆菌门(Latescibacterota)、NB1-j和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)相对丰度均呈显著或极显著(P<0.01)上升;与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度均呈显著或极显著(P<0.01)上升。不同处理下土壤微生物多样性具有显著差异,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的ACE和Chao指数分别上升7.30%和6.90%,Simpson指数极显著上升44.09%(P<0.001),Shannon指数极显著下降2.27%(P<0.001);与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的ACE、Chao和Shannon指数分别极显著上升13.50%、13.30%和2.80%(P<0.001),Simpson指数极显著下降25.68%(P<0.001)。功能预测结果显示,水稻轮作和生草处理显著影响碳氮循环相关功能,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的硝化作用(Nitrification)功能的相对丰度极显著提高103.6%(P<0.01);与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的化能异养(Chemoheterotrophy)、有氧化能异养(Aerobic chemoheterotrophy)和固氮作用(Nitrogen fixation)功能的相对丰度分别极显著提高17.3%、22.0%和88.3%(P<0.01)。

结论

深翻后轮作一季水稻结合苜蓿生草处理可改善桃园土壤理化性质,为桃树早期生长提供理想的微生物环境,较传统自然生草和单一深翻具有更优的综合改良效果,可在老桃园更新中推广应用。

, authors=侯佳俊1, 2, 王庆峰2, 3, 凌云1, *, *, 褚长彬2, 3, 赵峥2, 3, 吴淑杭2, 3, *, *, authorsList=侯佳俊, 王庆峰, 凌云, 褚长彬, 赵峥, 吴淑杭, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=凌云, 吴淑杭, authorNote=

侯佳俊(2001-),https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0116-388X,研究方向为再植障碍土壤修复,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
凌云(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9637-4095,博士,副教授,主要从事微藻、细菌与废水处理及能源化应用研究工作,E-mail:
吴淑杭(1970-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1312,博士,研究员,主要从事作物营养管理与土壤生态健康、环境微生物学及其应用研究工作,E-mail:
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Scientia Horticulturae215:49-58., articleTitle=Effects of phytotoxic extracts from peach root bark and benzoic acid on peach seedlings growth,photosynthesis,antioxidance and ultrastructure properties, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212251310649524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212251319038133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, companyId=1302212251310649524, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212251323232438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, companyId=1302212251310649524, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212252921262263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212252929650872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, companyId=1302212252921262263, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212252938039481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, companyId=1302212252921262263, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212252992565434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212253000954043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, companyId=1302212252992565434, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201403,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212253009342652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, companyId=1302212252992565434, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,上海 201403)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212255215546602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Venn diagram of bacterial communities of peach soil under different treatments, figureFileSmall=YY9905X/uCoivfP0pnIw7Q==, figureFileBig=l5I/SvKCmzsnAXY4l64+fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212255295238379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理下桃树土壤的细菌群落韦恩图, figureFileSmall=YY9905X/uCoivfP0pnIw7Q==, figureFileBig=l5I/SvKCmzsnAXY4l64+fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212255483982060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Bacterial species distribution at phylum (A) level and genus (B) level in peach soil under different treatments, figureFileSmall=+vk8VNk3S0JVcJplyZMuGQ==, figureFileBig=AK8vf2jPJxeW5XNCVYmEhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212255551090925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理下桃树土壤在门分类水平(A)和属分类水平(B)上的细菌物种分布, figureFileSmall=+vk8VNk3S0JVcJplyZMuGQ==, figureFileBig=AK8vf2jPJxeW5XNCVYmEhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212255626588398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Validation results of intergroup difference of soil bacterial communities at phylum level, figureFileSmall=nD5UvguhZhoI+5fL/8f+uA==, figureFileBig=xMWvp/rWKS50xD/ozbDEUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212255685308655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤细菌群落在门分类水平上的组间差异检验结果

*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。图7同

, figureFileSmall=nD5UvguhZhoI+5fL/8f+uA==, figureFileBig=xMWvp/rWKS50xD/ozbDEUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212255756611824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Alpha diversity index of peach soil bacteria under different treatments, figureFileSmall=M+kCDMVl/HY7u5XydiQ3DA==, figureFileBig=SSiLaR8CH41F/tK4h5TvuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212257421750513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理下桃树土壤细菌的Alpha多样性指数

***表示差异极显著(P<0.001)

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SOM:有机质含量;AN:碱解氮含量;AP:有效磷含量;AK:速效钾含量;EC:电导率

, figureFileSmall=CG5eYL18x6p1YN5lqtECMA==, figureFileBig=gi8Bxp+T4wZRCzNW/bEwsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212257795043574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=FAPROTAX analysis results of peach soil bacteria under different treatments, figureFileSmall=wU8ezuC8vwczpMEvF8nM6A==, figureFileBig=D1mllDy2j0eUEw/MBj4fdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212257866346743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理下桃树土壤细菌的FAPROTAX分析结果, figureFileSmall=wU8ezuC8vwczpMEvF8nM6A==, figureFileBig=D1mllDy2j0eUEw/MBj4fdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212257946038520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Soil physicochemical properties under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
pH电导率(µS/cm)
Electrical conductivity
速效钾含量(mg/kg)
Available potassium content
碱解氮含量(mg/kg)
Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content
有效磷含量(mg/kg)
Available phosphorus content
有机质含量(%)
Organic matter content
DR+NG7.44±0.04a197.90±7.53b278.67±9.61c66.50±1.50a83.93±4.432.65±0.07a
DR+PA6.73±0.05c130.17±6.60c311.00±10.15b59.50±2.50b77.07±7.002.55±0.05b
DT+NG7.02±0.04b404.67±7.02a543.00±14.11a31.17±1.04c74.13±2.011.46±0.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1302212258008953081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212247024070819, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同处理下的土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
pH电导率(µS/cm)
Electrical conductivity
速效钾含量(mg/kg)
Available potassium content
碱解氮含量(mg/kg)
Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content
有效磷含量(mg/kg)
Available phosphorus content
有机质含量(%)
Organic matter content
DR+NG7.44±0.04a197.90±7.53b278.67±9.61c66.50±1.50a83.93±4.432.65±0.07a
DR+PA6.73±0.05c130.17±6.60c311.00±10.15b59.50±2.50b77.07±7.002.55±0.05b
DT+NG7.02±0.04b404.67±7.02a543.00±14.11a31.17±1.04c74.13±2.011.46±0.02c
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再植桃园不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响
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侯佳俊 1, 2 , 王庆峰 2, 3 , 凌云 1, *, * , 褚长彬 2, 3 , 赵峥 2, 3 , 吴淑杭 2, 3, *, *
南方农业学报 | 园艺·园林·林业 2026,57(6): 1910-1920
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南方农业学报 |园艺·园林·林业 2026 , 57 (6) : 1910 -1920
再植桃园不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响
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侯佳俊1, 2 , 王庆峰2, 3, 凌云1, *, * , 褚长彬2, 3, 赵峥2, 3, 吴淑杭2, 3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306
  • 2上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403
  • 3农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,上海 201403
通讯作者:
凌云(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9637-4095,博士,副教授,主要从事微藻、细菌与废水处理及能源化应用研究工作,E-mail:
吴淑杭(1970-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1312,博士,研究员,主要从事作物营养管理与土壤生态健康、环境微生物学及其应用研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

侯佳俊(2001-),https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0116-388X,研究方向为再植障碍土壤修复,E-mail:

Effects of different improvement measures on physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of rhizosphere soil in replanted peach orchard
Jia-jun HOU1, 2 , Qing-feng WANG2, 3, Yun LING1 , Chang-bin CHU2, 3, Zheng ZHAO2, 3, Shu-hang WU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China
  • 2Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201403,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.025
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目的

分析不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响,为缓解桃树连作障碍、推动桃种植业可持续发展提供理论依据。

方法

以再植桃树根际土壤为研究对象,设置3个处理:原土深翻后轮作一季水稻+自然生草(DR+NG)、原土深翻后轮作一季水稻+苜蓿生草(DR+PA)和原土深翻+自然生草(DT+NG)。通过测定土壤理化性质及高通量测序,分析不同改良措施下桃园根际土壤细菌群落的组成和多样性,并进行功能预测。

结果

土壤理化性质分析结果显示,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理可显著提高土壤pH及碱解氮和有机质含量(P<0.05,下同),显著降低电导率和速效钾含量;与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的土壤pH、电导率以及碱解氮和有机质含量均显著降低,速效钾含量显著提高。细菌群落分析结果显示,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)、匿杆菌门(Latescibacterota)、NB1-j和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)相对丰度均呈显著或极显著(P<0.01)上升;与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度均呈显著或极显著(P<0.01)上升。不同处理下土壤微生物多样性具有显著差异,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的ACE和Chao指数分别上升7.30%和6.90%,Simpson指数极显著上升44.09%(P<0.001),Shannon指数极显著下降2.27%(P<0.001);与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的ACE、Chao和Shannon指数分别极显著上升13.50%、13.30%和2.80%(P<0.001),Simpson指数极显著下降25.68%(P<0.001)。功能预测结果显示,水稻轮作和生草处理显著影响碳氮循环相关功能,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的硝化作用(Nitrification)功能的相对丰度极显著提高103.6%(P<0.01);与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的化能异养(Chemoheterotrophy)、有氧化能异养(Aerobic chemoheterotrophy)和固氮作用(Nitrogen fixation)功能的相对丰度分别极显著提高17.3%、22.0%和88.3%(P<0.01)。

结论

深翻后轮作一季水稻结合苜蓿生草处理可改善桃园土壤理化性质,为桃树早期生长提供理想的微生物环境,较传统自然生草和单一深翻具有更优的综合改良效果,可在老桃园更新中推广应用。

再植桃园  /  土壤改良  /  生草管理  /  根际土壤  /  细菌多样性
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the effects of different improvement measures on physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of peach rhizosphere soil,providing theoretical basis for peach continuous crop obstacle alleviation and sustainable development of peach cultivation.

Method

Replanted peach rhizosphere soil was used as the research object. Three treatments were established:deep tillage of original soil followed by rice rotation + natural grass (DR+NG),deep tillage of original soil followed by rice rotation + alfalfa grass (DR+PA),and deep tillage of original soil + natural grass (DT+NG). Soil physicochemical property determination and high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial communities of rhizosphere soil in peach orchard under different improvement measures,and function prediction was performed.

Result

The analysis results of soil physicochemical pro-perty showed that,compared with the DT+NG treatment,the DR+NG treatment significantly increased soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and organic matter content (P<0.05,same below),and significantly decreased electrical conductivity and available potassium content. Compared with the DR+NG treatment,the DR+PA treatment significantly decreased soil pH,electrical conductivity,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,and organic matter content while significantly increased available potassium content. Bacterial community analysis showed that,compared with the DT+NG treatment,the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Crenarchaeota,Latescibacterota,NB1-j,and Nitrospirota significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.01) increased;compared with the DR+NG treatment,the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota,Desulfobacterota,Firmicutes,and Chloroflexi significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.01) increased. Soil microbial diversity showed significant differences among treatments. Compared with the DT+NG treatment,the ACE and Chao indexes under the DR+NG treatment increased by 7.30% and 6.90% respectively,the Simpson index extremely significantly increased by 44.09% (P<0.001),and the Shannon index extremely significantly decreased by 2.27% (P<0.001);compared with the DR+NG treatment,the ACE,Chao,and Shannon indexes under the DR+PA treatment extremely significantly increased by 13.50%,13.30%,and 2.80% (P<0.001) respectively,and the Simpson index extremely significantly decreased by 25.68% (P<0.001). Function prediction results showed that rice rotation and grass treatments significantly affected carbon and nitrogen cycling-related functions,and compared with the DT+NG treatment,relative abundance of nitrification function under the DR+NG treatment extremely significantly increased by 103.6% (P<0.01);compared with the DR+NG treatment,relative abundance of chemoheterotrophy,aerobic chemoheterotrophy,and nitrogen fixation functions under the DR+PA treatment extremely significantly increased by 17.3%,22.0%,and 88.3% respectively (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Deep tillage followed by rice rotation combined with alfalfa grass treatment can improve soil physicochemical properties and provide an ideal microbial environment for early peach growth. Compared with conventional natural grass and deep tillage alone,it shows better comprehensive improvement effects and can be applied in the renewal of old peach orchards.

replanted peach orchard  /  soil improvement  /  grass management  /  rhizosphere soil  /  bacterial diversity
侯佳俊, 王庆峰, 凌云, 褚长彬, 赵峥, 吴淑杭. 再植桃园不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1910 -1920 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.025
Jia-jun HOU, Qing-feng WANG, Yun LING, Chang-bin CHU, Zheng ZHAO, Shu-hang WU. Effects of different improvement measures on physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of rhizosphere soil in replanted peach orchard[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1910 -1920 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.025
【研究意义】桃[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch]隶属于蔷薇科李属,为落叶小乔木,在我国的种植面积仅次于苹果和梨。自1993年以来,我国成为世界第一产桃大国。桃树的经济寿命通常为15~20年,因此每年有大量老桃园需要更新(俞明亮等,2019王力荣,2021)。然而,老桃园更新往往面临再植障碍难题。桃树再植障碍(Peach replant disease,PRD)又称再植病或忌地现象,主要表现为再植桃树生长受抑、树势衰弱、产量下降、果实品质变劣及寿命缩短等,已成为制约我国桃产业可持续发展的重要因素。因此,分析不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响,对于缓解连作障碍、促进桃种植业可持续发展具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。【前人研究进展】桃树再植障碍的形成机制主要包括土壤理化性质恶化与根际微生态失衡两大方面(Zhu et al.,2017He et al.,2021方静怡,2022Newberger et al.,2023)。长期连作会导致土壤结构破坏、养分失衡及有机质含量下降,进而削弱土壤肥力;同时,根际微生物群落多样性降低、病原菌富集及自毒物质积累会共同加剧再植障碍的发生(Zhu et al.,2017高寒,2020)。针对这一问题,学者们提出了多种土壤改良措施,包括深翻改土(方静怡,2022)、轮作和间作与施用微生物制剂(杨淑娜等,2022)及抗性砧木选育(王喆,2023)等。其中,深翻是改善再植桃园土壤结构的常用措施,可增加通透性、降低容重、促进根系生长(张立恒等,2019),但仅依靠物理改良仍难以从根本上缓解再植障碍。轮作和间作被认为是更为有效的调控手段,其通过更替寄主植物打破病原菌循环,改善土壤结构并恢复养分平衡(薛晓敏等,2009俞明亮等,2019Koli et al.,2025)。尤其是水旱轮作模式,可显著改善果园土壤理化性质与微生物群落结构(闫淑侠,2015Li et al.,2024)。水稻种植期的淹水管理可降低氧化还原电位(Eh),促进还原性元素转化并增加有机质输入,从而提升土壤肥力与微生物活性(Unger et al.,2009常超等,2011Bai et al.,2025)。生草管理是近年来果园生态恢复的重要途径之一。草生系统通过根系分泌物、枯枝落叶输入和地表覆盖作用,改善土壤结构和保水性能,增加有机碳和养分供应(李远想和王尚堃,2019Ma et al.,2024)。同时,生草还能通过调节根际土壤碳氮比,促进有益菌群繁殖并抑制土传病原菌,从而缓解连作障碍(姜莉莉等,2019)。其中,苜蓿生草作为典型的豆科植物管理模式,表现出独特优势。苜蓿可与根瘤菌共生固氮,显著提高土壤有效氮含量(姜黎等,2017Li et al.,2024),其根系还能分泌有机酸和酚类物质,促进磷、钾等难溶性养分向可利用形态转化(Zhu et al.,2025)。此外,苜蓿生草还可增加有机质积累(李晓龙等,2024),提高土壤酶活性(郭疆等,2024),增强土壤生态系统的自我调节能力。【本研究切入点】目前,针对再植桃园改良措施的研究多聚焦于单一改良措施的效应,对不同措施组合应用的研究较为缺乏,且多数研究侧重短期效应,对改良措施的长期持续效果关注不足。【拟解决的关键问题】以再植桃园为研究对象,探究原土深翻后轮作水稻及苜蓿生草处理对桃树根际土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响,以期为缓解桃树连作障碍、推动桃种植业可持续发展提供理论依据。
研究区位于上海市奉贤区(30°31′48″N,121°18′36″E),地处长江三角洲东南端。供试再植桃园设置3个处理:处理1为原土深翻后轮作一季水稻+自然生草(DR+NG),处理2为原土深翻后轮作一季水稻+苜蓿生草(DR+PA),处理3为原土深翻+自然生草(DT+NG)。处理1和处理2于2019年春季进行原土深翻并种植一季水稻,处理3闲置。次年种植新桃树,并进行生草处理。灌溉方式为自然降水,若特别干旱则进行滴灌。
于2024年5月采集土壤样品。每个处理采集6个样品,以3棵桃树的根际土壤混合为1个样品。采集前先去除土壤表面杂草及杂物,沿桃树侧根找到细根部分,抖落松动土壤后,用无菌软毛刷轻轻刷取附着在根系上的土壤作为根际土壤样品。将土壤样品混合均匀后,用无菌自封袋分为两部分进行处理:一部分平铺风干后用于土壤理化性质测定,另一部分置于-80 ℃冰箱保存,用于土壤微生物测定。
按照《土壤农业化学分析方法》测定土壤理化性质(鲁如坤,2000),每个指标重复测定6次。具体方法为:采用土水比1∶2.5测定土壤pH;采用土水比1∶5测定土壤电导率;采用乙酸铵浸提—火焰光度法测定土壤速效钾含量;采用碱解扩散法测定土壤碱解氮含量;采用0.5 mol/LNaHCO3浸提—钼锑抗比色法测定土壤有效磷含量;采用重铬酸钾容量法测定土壤有机质含量。
按照DNeasy® PowerSoil® Pro Kit试剂盒(QIA-GEN,德国)说明提取土壤总DNA。每个样品提取1个土壤总DNA,共计18个。使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量,使用NanoDrop 2000(Thermo Fisher Scientific,美国)检测DNA浓度和纯度。PCR扩增引物为338F(5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA G-3')和806R(5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'),扩增区域为V3~V4可变区。反应体系20.0 μL:5×TransStart FastPfu缓冲液4.0 μL,2.5 mmol/L dNTPs 2.0 μL,5 μmol/L上、下游引物各0.8 μL,TransStart FastPfu DNA聚合酶0.4 μL,模板DNA 10 ng,ddH2O补足至20.0 μL。使用ABI GeneAmp® 9700型扩增仪进行PCR扩增,扩增程序:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,进行27个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。使用2%琼脂糖凝胶回收PCR产物,利用DNA凝胶回收纯化试剂盒纯化回收产物,使用Qubit 4.0(ThermoFisher Scientific,美国)对回收产物进行定量。使用NEXTFLEXRapid DNA-Seq Kit对纯化后的PCR产物进行建库,利用Illumina NextSeq 2000平台进行高通量测序。
采用SPSS 27.0.1进行数据处理和统计分析;利用美吉生物云平台(https://cloud.majorbio.com)计算Alpha多样性指数(ACE、Chao、Shannon和Simpson指数),用于评估样本内微生物群落的丰富度和多样性;采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验分析组间Alpha多样性差异;采用基于Bray-Curtis距离算法的主坐标分析(PCoA)检验样本间微生物群落结构的相似性;采用Kruskal-Wallis检验识别不同组间在门分类水平和属分类水平上相对丰度存在显著差异的类群;通过FAPROTAX数据库比对预测土壤中细菌的营养型和功能类群,并对组间的功能差异进行检验。
表1所示,3种处理下,DR+PA处理的土壤呈弱酸性,DR+NG处理的土壤呈弱碱性,DT+NG处理的土壤呈中性。与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的土壤pH显著提高0.42(P<0.05,下同),碱解氮和有机质含量分别显著提高113.30%和81.50%,但电导率和速效钾含量均显著降低。与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的土壤pH显著降低0.71,电导率、碱解氮和有机质含量均显著降低,速效钾含量显著提高。有效磷含量在不同处理下差异不显著(P>0.05,下同)。
图1所示,3种土壤共有的细菌为1332种,DR+NG处理的土壤特有细菌为308种,DR+PA处理的土壤特有细菌为440种,DT+NG处理的土壤特有细菌为337种。其中,DR+NG和DR+PA处理的土壤共有细菌为265种,DR+NG和DT+NG处理的土壤共有细菌为140种,DR+PA和DT+NG处理的土壤共有细菌为259种。结果表明,不同处理下的土壤细菌群落具有一定相似性。
在门分类水平上,不同处理下的主要优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),占所有细菌的25.3%~29.9%;其次为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),分别占所有细菌的11.8%~12.9%、6.4%~11.1%和6.9%~9.3%。在属分类水平上,不同处理下土壤根际细菌的相对丰度差异较小,但DT+NG处理根际土壤中类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的相对丰度显著低于DR+NG和DR+PA处理。
不同处理下土壤细菌群落组成具有明显差异。如图3-A所示,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)、匿杆菌门(Latescibacterota)和NB1-j相对丰度分别极显著上升45.3%、102.3%、94.5%和395.9%(P<0.01),硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)相对丰度显著上升31.2%;放线菌门、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)和脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)相对丰度分别极显著下降42.9%、46.8%、34.9%和47.0%(P<0.01),粘球菌门(Myxococcota)相对丰度显著下降22.8%。如图3-B所示,与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度分别显著上升25.5%和17.5%,放线菌门和脱硫菌门相对丰度分别极显著上升47.1%和222.2%(P<0.01);拟杆菌门、泉古菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、肠杆菌门(Entotheonellaeota)和NB1-j相对丰度分别极显著下降26.5%、56.3%、24.2%、63.5%和57.4%(P<0.01),Bdellovibrionota相对丰度显著下降17.9%。
图4所示,不同处理均可明显改变桃树根际细菌的多样性。与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的ACE和Chao指数分别上升7.30%和6.90%,Simpson指数极显著上升44.09%(P<0.001),Shannon指数极显著下降2.27%(P<0.001)。与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的ACE、Chao和Shannon指数分别极显著上升13.50%、13.30%和2.80%(P<0.001),Simpson指数极显著下降25.68%(P<0.001)。结果表明,DR+PA处理的土壤物种丰富度和群落多样性最高。
PCoA分析结果(图5)显示,DR+NG和DR+PA处理的土壤根际细菌聚集性较高,组内变异较小,而DT+NG处理的土壤根际细菌聚集性较低,组内变异较大。第一主坐标(PCoA1)解释率为44.69%,第二主坐标(PCoA2)解释率为21.57%,二者累计解释群落组成差异的66.26%。PCoA1可将3个处理的细菌群落明显区分,说明PCoA1是导致3个处理根际细菌群落产生差异的主要因素。PCoA2可将DR+NG和DR+PA处理的细菌群落明显区分,说明PCoA2是导致二者细菌群落产生差异的主要因素。
冗余分析(RDA)结果(图6)显示,土壤理化性质对细菌群落影响的解释率为54.80%。第一轴(RDA1)解释率为37.76%,第二轴(RDA2)解释率为17.04%。变形菌门与有机质含量、碱解氮含量、pH和有效磷含量呈正相关,与速效钾含量和电导率呈负相关;酸杆菌门与速效钾含量、电导率、pH和有效磷含量呈正相关,与有机质和碱解氮含量呈负相关;放线菌门与速效钾含量和电导率呈正相关;厚壁菌门与有机质含量和碱解氮含量呈正相关。以上结果表明,有机质含量、碱解氮含量、pH、有效磷含量、速效钾含量和电导率均是影响桃树根际土壤细菌群落的重要因子。
FAPROTAX分析结果(图7)显示,与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理土壤中化能异养(Chemohe-terotrophy)、有氧化能异养(Aerobic chemoheterotrophy)和固氮作用(Nitrogen fixation)功能的相对丰度分别极显著降低14.3%、16.4%和47.4%(P<0.01),硝酸盐还原作用(Nitrate reduction)功能的相对丰度显著降低12.0%,硝化作用(Nitrification)功能的相对丰度极显著提高103.6%(P<0.01)。与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理土壤中化能异养、有氧化能异养和固氮作用功能的相对丰度分别极显著提高17.3%、22.0%和88.3%(P<0.01),硝化作用功能的相对丰度极显著降低58.9%(P<0.01),硝酸盐还原作用功能的相对丰度显著降低6.0%。
总体来看,3个处理土壤中化能异养、有氧化能异养和硝化作用是主要的微生物代谢功能类型。在95%置信区间内,DR+PA与DR+NG、DR+NG与DT+NG处理间的功能相对丰度均表现出显著或极显著(P<0.01)差异,表明不同处理对土壤微生物功能结构产生明显影响。
不同改良措施可明显影响桃树根际土壤的理化性质。本研究中,DR+NG处理的土壤呈弱碱性,DR+PA处理的土壤呈弱酸性,DT+NG处理的土壤呈中性。与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的土壤pH显著提高,电导率和速效钾含量显著降低,表明水稻轮作通过淹水还原作用改善了土壤盐分与酸碱平衡。淹水环境可降低氧化还原电位,促进铁、锰等元素还原并生成碳酸盐,同时加速有机酸分解,增强土壤缓冲能力(王克磊等,2017于双等,2020),从而提升土壤pH、减少盐分累积,本研究中轮作一季水稻处理的土壤电导率显著下降,与上述机制一致。此外,水稻对钾的高量吸收及淋溶作用会导致速效钾含量下降,而稻秆和根系残体的输入可促进碱解氮与有机质的积累(王人民和丁元树,1998Xiong et al.,2023),表明水稻轮作可有效提升土壤肥力。
与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的土壤pH显著降低,说明苜蓿生草具有明显的酸化效应,可能与其根瘤固氮释放氢离子及根系分泌有机酸有关(李婷婷等,2025)。同时,DR+PA处理的碱解氮、有效磷和有机质含量均低于DR+NG处理,可能是由于苜蓿对养分的优先吸收作用及酸化条件下磷被固定(赵雅姣等,2020Hu et al.,2023)。电导率显著降低则反映了苜蓿对盐分的吸收与转化能力,而速效钾含量提高则可能源于有机酸的溶矿作用(杨利宁等,2015柳雯雯,2025)。
综上所述,深翻后轮作水稻及苜蓿生草措施均可改善土壤理化性状,降低盐分积累,优化养分结构并提升有机质水平。其中,DR+PA处理的pH、电导率更接近桃树生长的适宜范围,表现出更高的综合调控能力,可为再植桃园提供更优质的根际环境基础。
轮作水稻与生草处理可明显提升桃树根际土壤细菌多样性。与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的ACE和Chao指数分别上升7.30%和6.90%,Simpson指数极显著上升44.09%,说明水稻轮作能有效改变微生物群落结构,可通过短期厌氧环境促进兼性厌氧菌的繁殖,实现群落“重塑”。与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的ACE、Chao和Shannon指数分别极显著上升13.50%、13.30%和2.80%,Simpson指数极显著下降25.68%,这可能归因于苜蓿对pH的调节、可溶性碳源的增加以及根瘤固氮对微环境的改善(Yang et al.,2020李婷婷等,2025)。本研究结果与张萌萌等(2015)对桑树/苜蓿间作对根际土壤微生物多样性的影响研究结果基本一致,说明苜蓿生草在促进微生物多样性与均匀性方面作用更为显著。
综上所述,水稻轮作可为微生物群落“重塑”提供动力,而苜蓿生草则通过养分与pH调节促进群落优化,二者结合有望构建稳定、功能互补的根际微生态体系,为桃树健康生长提供微生物学支撑。
不同改良措施可明显重塑桃树根际土壤细菌群落结构。与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理的拟杆菌门、泉古菌门、匿杆菌门和硝化螺旋菌门相对丰度呈现显著或极显著上升,这些菌群与湿润、有机质丰富的环境密切相关,反映出水稻轮作可增强还原过程与碳转化能力(Li et al.,2024Ma et al.,2024);而放线菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度极显著下降,则可能与稻田淹水抑制好氧菌的生长有关(郭晓雯等,2024)。与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理的厚壁菌门和放线菌门相对丰度分别显著和极显著上升,提示苜蓿生草可促进耐干旱、耐贫瘠且能分解复杂有机质的菌群生长,其根系分泌物与凋落物为这些菌群提供了充足的碳源(赵雯钰等,2024);同时,脱硫菌门相对丰度极显著上升,表明根际氧化还原环境及硫循环得到强化,而拟杆菌门相对丰度极显著下降则可能反映酸性条件下部分微生物活性受到抑制。
综上所述,水稻轮作主要通过调节氧化还原状态与氮素供应促进氮循环相关菌群生长,苜蓿生草则通过碳源与pH调节促进有机质降解。二者在微生物生态构建上既存在差异,又能形成互补,为桃园土壤微生态优化提供了多路径参考。
不同改良措施对桃树根际土壤微生物代谢功能具有显著影响。与DT+NG处理相比,DR+NG处理土壤中化能异养和有氧化能异养功能的相对丰度极显著降低,而硝化作用功能的相对丰度极显著提高,这可能与水稻根际形成的好氧/厌氧微环境密切相关(王强等,2017吴天翊等,2024),表明水稻轮作可强化氮氧化过程,促进氮循环的“氧化转向”。与DR+NG处理相比,DR+PA处理土壤中化能异养和有氧化能异养功能的相对丰度极显著提高,说明苜蓿生草能显著促进有机质分解与能量代谢(Zhu et al.,2025);硝化作用功能的相对丰度极显著降低,可能是由于苜蓿根际酸化及根系抑菌物质释放抑制了相关功能菌的活动(刘晓宏和郝明德,2001张耀全等,2020);固氮作用功能的相对丰度极显著提高,则体现了苜蓿根瘤固氮系统对氮循环方向的重塑作用。
综上所述,水稻轮作通过调节氧化还原状态推动氮循环的氧化进程,而苜蓿生草通过碳源输入与固氮共生强化异养代谢与氮固定。二者的互补作用不仅能改善土壤理化性质,还能重塑根际微生物的结构与功能,为桃树再植障碍的修复提供了生态学依据。
深翻后轮作一季水稻结合苜蓿生草处理可改善桃园土壤理化性质,为桃树早期生长提供理想的微生物环境,较传统自然生草和单一深翻具有更优的综合改良效果,可在老桃园更新中推广应用。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.025
  • 接收时间:2025-11-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
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    1上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306
    2上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403
    3农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,上海 201403

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凌云(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9637-4095,博士,副教授,主要从事微藻、细菌与废水处理及能源化应用研究工作,E-mail:
吴淑杭(1970-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1312,博士,研究员,主要从事作物营养管理与土壤生态健康、环境微生物学及其应用研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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