Article(id=1302212223355609905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1775491200000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401187980, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401187980, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401187980, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401187980, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1874, endPage=1885, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212224240608051, articleId=1302212223355609905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=Research and development of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and its application, columnId=1302212224123167538, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Processing·Storage·Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to investigate overall structure,key components,and working parameters of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester,providing reference for optimizing operation performance of the whole-stalk sugarcane harvester.

Method

A special leaf stripping channel test platform was built,and different sugarcane varie-ties were selected to carry out systematic experiments to analyze the effects of sugarcane morphology and environmental humidity on leaf stripping of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and determine the optimal parameter interval of leaf stripping roller rotation speed. Based on the self-designed automatic profiling mechanism,an adaptive ground cutting system was constructed,and the automatic lifting control of the cutterhead was discussed. The working performance of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was evaluated by field experiment.

Result

The physical morphology of sugarcane markedly affected the operation performance of the leaf stripping device. When harvesting sugarcane in upright state and bending state,the leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 600-800 r/min and 700-900 r/min respectively,which could maintain low impurity rates and loss rates,thus achieving good leaf stripping performance. Environmental humidity also affected leaf stripping performance. The leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 400-600 r/min under low humidity conditions and 800-1000 r/min under medium and high humidity conditions,which could keep low impurity rates and loss rates. Based on the optimal stubble height in the sugarcane-growing areas of Guangxi,the automatic control scheme for cutterhead lifting was set as follows:when the distance between the cutterhead and the ground was 1-3 cm,the height of the cutterhead remained unmoved;when the distance was < 1 cm,the height of cutterhead was raised;when the distance was > 3 cm,the height of cutterhead was lowered. The field experiment results showed that,for the 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester,the average impurity rate was 2.71%,the average stump breaking rate 6.34%,the average loss rate 2.98%,the qualified cane rate 94.10%,and the qualified cutting height rate 95.80%. The overall operation performance indicators of the machine met the requirements of JB/T 6275-2019 Sugarcane Combine Harvester. Compared with the conventional manual harvesting efficiency (1.0-1.5 t/d),the average harvesting efficiency of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was 5.31 t/h,and the daily harvesting capacity was equivalent to the workload of about 40 workers.

Conclusion

By controlling the key working parameters of leaf stripping process of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and formulating the automatic control scheme of cutterhead lifting,the impurity rate and loss rate of sugarcane harvesting process can be effectively controlled,and the quality and efficiency of sugarcane harvesting can be improved.

, authors=Yi-hao XING1, Ming-lang LIANG1, Yu-chi DENG1, Sheng-zhong ZHANG2, Hua-wei ZHANG2, Zhong-qing CAI2, Xin-guang QIN1, Jian-ming WU1, Rong-fa CHEN1, Jun-li WEN1, authorsList=Yi-hao XING, Ming-lang LIANG, Yu-chi DENG, Sheng-zhong ZHANG, Hua-wei ZHANG, Zhong-qing CAI, Xin-guang QIN, Jian-ming WU, Rong-fa CHEN, Jun-li WEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rong-fa CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212228070007621, articleId=1302212223355609905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的研发及应用, columnId=1302212224328688436, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=加工·贮藏·质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的总体结构、关键部件及工作参数,为进一步优化整秆式甘蔗收获机作业质量提供参考依据。

方法

搭建专用的剥叶通道试验平台,选取不同品种的甘蔗开展系统性试验,分析甘蔗形态和环境湿度对4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机剥叶效果的影响,明确剥叶辊筒转速的最优参数区间;基于自主设计的自动仿形机构,构建自适应地面切割系统,对切割刀盘的自动升降控制进行探讨;通过田间试验评价4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的工作性能。

结果

甘蔗的物理形态明显影响剥叶装置的作业性能,在收获直立状态和弯曲状态的甘蔗时,分别将剥叶辊筒转速控制在600~800 r/min和700~900 r/min,能保持较低的含杂率和损失率,实现较好的剥叶效果。环境湿度对剥叶效果也有一定影响,低湿度条件下的剥叶辊筒转速控制在400~600 r/min,中、高湿度条件下的剥叶辊筒转速控制在800~1000 r/min,均能保证较低的含杂率和损失率。结合广西蔗区最优留茬高度,将切割刀盘升降自动控制方案设定为:当刀盘与地面距离1~3 cm时,控制刀盘高度不动;当距离<1 cm时,控制刀盘高度上升;当距离>3 cm时,控制刀盘高度下降。田间试验结果显示,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的平均含杂率为2.71%,平均破蔸率为6.34%,平均损失率为2.98%,蔗茎合格率为94.10%,切割高度合格率为95.80%。整机作业性能指标满足JB/T 6275—2019《甘蔗联合收割机》要求。相较于常规人工砍收效率(1.0~1.5 t/d),4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机作业平均收割效率为5.31 t/h,每日能完成约40人的收获效率。

结论

通过控制4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的剥叶环节关键工作参数及明确切割刀盘升降自动控制方案,能够有效控制甘蔗收获过程的含杂率和损失率,提升甘蔗机械化收获质量与收获效率。

, authors=邢钇浩1, 梁明朗1, 邓宇驰1, 张胜忠2, 张华伟2, 蔡钟庆2, 覃欣广1, 吴建明1, 陈荣发1, *, *, 文俊丽1, authorsList=邢钇浩, 梁明朗, 邓宇驰, 张胜忠, 张华伟, 蔡钟庆, 覃欣广, 吴建明, 陈荣发, 文俊丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈荣发, authorNote=

邢钇浩(1991-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-3191,高级工程师,主要从事智能农业装备研究工作,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈荣发(1986-),https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7773-3008,副研究员,主要从事甘蔗农机农艺、化学调控及分子生物学研究工作,E-mail:
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Journal of Guang-xi Agriculture39(1):88-95., articleTitle=Current situation and analysis of sugarcane mechanization harvesting in Guangxi region, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212228275528518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212228283917127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, companyId=1302212228275528518, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212228288111432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, companyId=1302212228275528518, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广西农业科学院,广西 南宁 530007)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302212228367803209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212228371997514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, companyId=1302212228367803209, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Guangxi Kechuang Agricultural Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532200,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212228380386123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, companyId=1302212228367803209, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广西科创农业科技集团有限责任公司,广西 崇左 532200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212233208030089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=oGYEXTlGWitVKdtE3Gdw2Q==, figureFileBig=klywHAmXneWWYqY4YB4eAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212233279333258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机, figureFileSmall=oGYEXTlGWitVKdtE3Gdw2Q==, figureFileBig=klywHAmXneWWYqY4YB4eAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235070301067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Structure of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=ENRnaNMce8aHdC/PsIqUvQ==, figureFileBig=vGNUXdEdxXSMGxjoDBIz+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235162575756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图2, caption=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机结构

1:切梢装置;2:提升通道;3:驾驶室;4:排杂风机;5:料仓;6:底盘;7:动力单元;8:剥叶通道;9:切根装置;10:转向装置;11:扶蔗器

, figureFileSmall=ENRnaNMce8aHdC/PsIqUvQ==, figureFileBig=vGNUXdEdxXSMGxjoDBIz+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235292599181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Leaf stripping device structure of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk type sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=7eHrXkTzIlqKWniKs1oFHw==, figureFileBig=SqTNQZp3XSsldlBp2QT+4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235431011214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图3, caption=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机剥叶装置结构

1:剥叶齿轮;2:剥叶轴承组;3:油马达;4:剥叶通道;5:剥叶框架

, figureFileSmall=7eHrXkTzIlqKWniKs1oFHw==, figureFileBig=SqTNQZp3XSsldlBp2QT+4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235510702991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Cutting device structure of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=XT+W4VMcxhr9m+uWzuJ2eQ==, figureFileBig=MdfP68lFnUOWbruaYQW+Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235577811856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图4, caption=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机切割装置结构

1:油缸;2:刀盘座;3:油马达;4:刀盘轴座;5:刀盘;6:切刀

, figureFileSmall=XT+W4VMcxhr9m+uWzuJ2eQ==, figureFileBig=MdfP68lFnUOWbruaYQW+Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235649115025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Adaptive ground cutting system of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=CeMMo0ZhJHbUbYpWCzDc2A==, figureFileBig=kuyRZk3lRIc3GhXchYM02g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235745584018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图5, caption=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机切刀自适应地面系统, figureFileSmall=CeMMo0ZhJHbUbYpWCzDc2A==, figureFileBig=kuyRZk3lRIc3GhXchYM02g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235821081491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Hydraulic schematic of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=ujYgQmKhXKhHbpzqM0ZfbA==, figureFileBig=KUqSr0UYQVxlGvz3rJDiOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235879801748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图6, caption=4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机液压原理, figureFileSmall=ujYgQmKhXKhHbpzqM0ZfbA==, figureFileBig=KUqSr0UYQVxlGvz3rJDiOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212235951104917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparison of manual harvesting and mechanical harvesting by 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=ExVaoOYHt8jtfc57d8RIdQ==, figureFileBig=KFUMOM/c32R9UAMZfdvYIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212236034990998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图7, caption=人工收获与4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机机械收获对比, figureFileSmall=ExVaoOYHt8jtfc57d8RIdQ==, figureFileBig=KFUMOM/c32R9UAMZfdvYIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212236085322647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Comparison of core indicator parameters of sugarcane harvester, figureFileSmall=4qPY9xwgFrLYIRjBupE9mw==, figureFileBig=ywsiOpi8cgh+y9lAUhr7nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212236156625816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=图8, caption=甘蔗收获机核心指标参数对比, figureFileSmall=4qPY9xwgFrLYIRjBupE9mw==, figureFileBig=ywsiOpi8cgh+y9lAUhr7nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212236244706201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Main performance indicators and technical parameters of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标
Performance indicator
参数
Parameter
收获行数 Harvest row1
适应行距(m) Adaptive row spacing≥1.2
配套动力标定功率(kW)
Supporting power calibration power
98.6
最高行驶速度(km/h)
Maximum driving speed
23
纯工作小时生产率(ha/h)
Pure working hour productivity
≥0.12
额定喂入量(kg/s) Rated feeding rate2.5
最小离地间隙(mm)
Minimum ground clearance
400
整机质量(kg) Machine mass6700
外形尺寸(mm) Overall dimension8500×2600×3500
宿根破头率(%) Stubble damage rate≤18
含杂率(%) Impurity rate≤6
总损失率(%) Total loss rate≤4
蔗茎合格率(%) Qualified cane rate≥90
作业速度(km/h) Working speed0.5~1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236324397978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的主要性能指标和技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标
Performance indicator
参数
Parameter
收获行数 Harvest row1
适应行距(m) Adaptive row spacing≥1.2
配套动力标定功率(kW)
Supporting power calibration power
98.6
最高行驶速度(km/h)
Maximum driving speed
23
纯工作小时生产率(ha/h)
Pure working hour productivity
≥0.12
额定喂入量(kg/s) Rated feeding rate2.5
最小离地间隙(mm)
Minimum ground clearance
400
整机质量(kg) Machine mass6700
外形尺寸(mm) Overall dimension8500×2600×3500
宿根破头率(%) Stubble damage rate≤18
含杂率(%) Impurity rate≤6
总损失率(%) Total loss rate≤4
蔗茎合格率(%) Qualified cane rate≥90
作业速度(km/h) Working speed0.5~1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236383118235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different leaf stripping roller rotation speeds on harvest quality of different sugarcane varieties at upright state

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
品种
Variety
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
损伤率(%)
Damage rate
400~600桂糖42号4.8~5.30.8~1.2
桂糖44号4.5~5.00.7~1.0
桂柳051364.2~4.70.6~0.9
600~800桂糖42号2.1~2.61.3~1.7
桂糖44号1.8~2.31.1~1.5
桂柳051361.5~2.01.0~1.4
800~1000桂糖42号1.9~2.42.8~3.3
桂糖44号1.6~2.12.5~3.0
桂柳051361.3~1.82.3~2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236471198620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

直立状态下不同剥叶辊筒转速对不同品种甘蔗收获质量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
品种
Variety
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
损伤率(%)
Damage rate
400~600桂糖42号4.8~5.30.8~1.2
桂糖44号4.5~5.00.7~1.0
桂柳051364.2~4.70.6~0.9
600~800桂糖42号2.1~2.61.3~1.7
桂糖44号1.8~2.31.1~1.5
桂柳051361.5~2.01.0~1.4
800~1000桂糖42号1.9~2.42.8~3.3
桂糖44号1.6~2.12.5~3.0
桂柳051361.3~1.82.3~2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236538307485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different leaf stripping roller rotation speeds on harvest quality of different sugarcane varieties at bending state

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
品种
Variety
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
损伤率(%)
Damage rate
400~600桂糖42号5.6~6.10.9~1.3
桂糖44号5.3~5.80.8~1.1
桂柳051365.0~5.50.7~1.0
600~800桂糖42号2.8~3.31.5~1.9
桂糖44号2.5~3.01.3~1.7
桂柳051362.2~2.71.2~1.6
800~1000桂糖42号2.3~2.83.1~3.6
桂糖44号2.0~2.52.8~3.3
桂柳051361.7~2.22.6~3.1
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236617999262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

弯曲状态下不同剥叶辊筒转速对不同品种甘蔗收获质量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
品种
Variety
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
损伤率(%)
Damage rate
400~600桂糖42号5.6~6.10.9~1.3
桂糖44号5.3~5.80.8~1.1
桂柳051365.0~5.50.7~1.0
600~800桂糖42号2.8~3.31.5~1.9
桂糖44号2.5~3.01.3~1.7
桂柳051362.2~2.71.2~1.6
800~1000桂糖42号2.3~2.83.1~3.6
桂糖44号2.0~2.52.8~3.3
桂柳051361.7~2.22.6~3.1
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236685108127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different leaf stripping roller rotation speeds on impurity rate of sugarcane under humidity conditions (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
低湿度 Low humidity中湿度 Medium humidity高湿度 High humidity
直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending
400~6004.65.46.27.08.59.3
600~8001.92.62.83.54.25.0
800~10001.72.12.32.93.12.8
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236764799904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

湿度影响下不同剥叶辊筒转速对甘蔗含杂率的影响(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
低湿度 Low humidity中湿度 Medium humidity高湿度 High humidity
直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending
400~6004.65.46.27.08.59.3
600~8001.92.62.83.54.25.0
800~10001.72.12.32.93.12.8
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236840297377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of different leaf stripping roller rotation speeds on damage rate of sugarcane under humidity conditions (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
低湿度 Low humidity中湿度 Medium humidity高湿度 High humidity
直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending
400~6000.80.90.91.01.01.1
600~8001.21.41.41.61.61.8
800~10002.62.92.93.23.23.5
), ArticleFig(id=1302212236919989154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

湿度影响下不同剥叶辊筒转速对甘蔗损伤率的影响(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥叶辊筒转速(r/min)
Leaf stripping roller rotation speed
低湿度 Low humidity中湿度 Medium humidity高湿度 High humidity
直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending直立 Upright弯曲 Bending
400~6000.80.90.91.01.01.1
600~8001.21.41.41.61.61.8
800~10002.62.92.93.23.23.5
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237008069539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Automatic control scheme for cutterhead lifting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
刀盘与地面距离(cm)
Distance between cutterhead and ground
刀盘作业状态
Cutterhead operation status
刀盘高度调节方案
Cutterhead height adjustment scheme
调节幅度
Adjustment range
1~3稳定切割不调节-
<1宿根破损风险上升0.5~1.0 cm/次
>3产量损失下降0.5~1.0 cm/次
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237087761316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

切割刀盘升降自动控制方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
刀盘与地面距离(cm)
Distance between cutterhead and ground
刀盘作业状态
Cutterhead operation status
刀盘高度调节方案
Cutterhead height adjustment scheme
调节幅度
Adjustment range
1~3稳定切割不调节-
<1宿根破损风险上升0.5~1.0 cm/次
>3产量损失下降0.5~1.0 cm/次
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237184230309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of sugarcane harvesting efficiency among different plots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地块
Plot
收获时间(h)
Harvesting time
蔗茎质量(t)
Cane mass
收获效率(t/h)
Harvest efficiency
16.031.805.30
26.032.465.41
36.031.385.23
48.042.485.31
平均值
Average
6.534.535.31
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237251339174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各地块甘蔗收获效率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地块
Plot
收获时间(h)
Harvesting time
蔗茎质量(t)
Cane mass
收获效率(t/h)
Harvest efficiency
16.031.805.30
26.032.465.41
36.031.385.23
48.042.485.31
平均值
Average
6.534.535.31
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237318448039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of harvesting quality of sugarcane among different plots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地块
Plot
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
损失率(%)
Loss rate
留茬高度(cm) Stubble height破蔸率(%) Stump breaking rate
机械收获
Mechanical harvesting
人工收获
Manual harvesting
机械收获
Mechanical harvesting
人工收获
Manual harvesting
12.743.181.063.537.579.35
23.264.062.134.125.066.08
31.872.120.862.846.1812.87
42.952.551.253.386.544.02
平均值 Average2.712.981.333.476.348.08
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237440082856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

各地块甘蔗收获质量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地块
Plot
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
损失率(%)
Loss rate
留茬高度(cm) Stubble height破蔸率(%) Stump breaking rate
机械收获
Mechanical harvesting
人工收获
Manual harvesting
机械收获
Mechanical harvesting
人工收获
Manual harvesting
12.743.181.063.537.579.35
23.264.062.134.125.066.08
31.872.120.862.846.1812.87
42.952.551.253.386.544.02
平均值 Average2.712.981.333.476.348.08
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237540746153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Field investigation and statistical results of mechanical harvesting of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
甘蔗品种
Sugarcane variety
植期
Planting period
蔗茎质量(t)
Cane mass
宿根发株率(%) Ratooning rate
机械收获
Mechanical harvesting
人工收获
Manual harvesting
桂糖42号 Guitang No. 42宿根20.1105.285.6
新植21.0107.490.5
桂糖44号 Guitang No. 44宿根21.0119.2101.0
新植15.0132.8112.5
桂柳05136 Guiliu 05136宿根13.295.080.5
平均值 Average-18.1111.994.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237624632234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机机械收获田间调查统计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
甘蔗品种
Sugarcane variety
植期
Planting period
蔗茎质量(t)
Cane mass
宿根发株率(%) Ratooning rate
机械收获
Mechanical harvesting
人工收获
Manual harvesting
桂糖42号 Guitang No. 42宿根20.1105.285.6
新植21.0107.490.5
桂糖44号 Guitang No. 44宿根21.0119.2101.0
新植15.0132.8112.5
桂柳05136 Guiliu 05136宿根13.295.080.5
平均值 Average-18.1111.994.0
), ArticleFig(id=1302212237704324011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212223355609905, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Machine performance test results of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目
Item
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
总损失率(%)
Total damage rate
宿根破头率(%)
Stubble damage rate
蔗茎合格率(%)
Qualified cane rate
切割高度合格率(%)
Qualified cutting height rate
标准值
Standard value
≤4.0≤4.0≤18≥90≥92
试验结果
Experiment result
2.712.986.3494.1095.80
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4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机整机性能测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目
Item
含杂率(%)
Impurity rate
总损失率(%)
Total damage rate
宿根破头率(%)
Stubble damage rate
蔗茎合格率(%)
Qualified cane rate
切割高度合格率(%)
Qualified cutting height rate
标准值
Standard value
≤4.0≤4.0≤18≥90≥92
试验结果
Experiment result
2.712.986.3494.1095.80
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4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的研发及应用
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邢钇浩 1 , 梁明朗 1 , 邓宇驰 1 , 张胜忠 2 , 张华伟 2 , 蔡钟庆 2 , 覃欣广 1 , 吴建明 1 , 陈荣发 1, *, * , 文俊丽 1
南方农业学报 | 加工·贮藏·质量安全 2026,57(6): 1874-1885
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南方农业学报 |加工·贮藏·质量安全 2026 , 57 (6) : 1874 -1885
4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的研发及应用
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邢钇浩1 , 梁明朗1, 邓宇驰1, 张胜忠2, 张华伟2, 蔡钟庆2, 覃欣广1, 吴建明1, 陈荣发1, *, * , 文俊丽1
作者信息
  • 1广西农业科学院,广西 南宁 530007
  • 2广西科创农业科技集团有限责任公司,广西 崇左 532200
通讯作者:
陈荣发(1986-),https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7773-3008,副研究员,主要从事甘蔗农机农艺、化学调控及分子生物学研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

邢钇浩(1991-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-3191,高级工程师,主要从事智能农业装备研究工作,E-mail:

Research and development of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and its application
Yi-hao XING1 , Ming-lang LIANG1, Yu-chi DENG1, Sheng-zhong ZHANG2, Hua-wei ZHANG2, Zhong-qing CAI2, Xin-guang QIN1, Jian-ming WU1, Rong-fa CHEN1 , Jun-li WEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China
  • 2Guangxi Kechuang Agricultural Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532200,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.022
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目的

研究4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的总体结构、关键部件及工作参数,为进一步优化整秆式甘蔗收获机作业质量提供参考依据。

方法

搭建专用的剥叶通道试验平台,选取不同品种的甘蔗开展系统性试验,分析甘蔗形态和环境湿度对4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机剥叶效果的影响,明确剥叶辊筒转速的最优参数区间;基于自主设计的自动仿形机构,构建自适应地面切割系统,对切割刀盘的自动升降控制进行探讨;通过田间试验评价4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的工作性能。

结果

甘蔗的物理形态明显影响剥叶装置的作业性能,在收获直立状态和弯曲状态的甘蔗时,分别将剥叶辊筒转速控制在600~800 r/min和700~900 r/min,能保持较低的含杂率和损失率,实现较好的剥叶效果。环境湿度对剥叶效果也有一定影响,低湿度条件下的剥叶辊筒转速控制在400~600 r/min,中、高湿度条件下的剥叶辊筒转速控制在800~1000 r/min,均能保证较低的含杂率和损失率。结合广西蔗区最优留茬高度,将切割刀盘升降自动控制方案设定为:当刀盘与地面距离1~3 cm时,控制刀盘高度不动;当距离<1 cm时,控制刀盘高度上升;当距离>3 cm时,控制刀盘高度下降。田间试验结果显示,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的平均含杂率为2.71%,平均破蔸率为6.34%,平均损失率为2.98%,蔗茎合格率为94.10%,切割高度合格率为95.80%。整机作业性能指标满足JB/T 6275—2019《甘蔗联合收割机》要求。相较于常规人工砍收效率(1.0~1.5 t/d),4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机作业平均收割效率为5.31 t/h,每日能完成约40人的收获效率。

结论

通过控制4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的剥叶环节关键工作参数及明确切割刀盘升降自动控制方案,能够有效控制甘蔗收获过程的含杂率和损失率,提升甘蔗机械化收获质量与收获效率。

整秆式甘蔗收获机  /  机械化  /  剥叶辊筒转速  /  自适应地面切割系统  /  收获效率
Objective

This study aimed to investigate overall structure,key components,and working parameters of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester,providing reference for optimizing operation performance of the whole-stalk sugarcane harvester.

Method

A special leaf stripping channel test platform was built,and different sugarcane varie-ties were selected to carry out systematic experiments to analyze the effects of sugarcane morphology and environmental humidity on leaf stripping of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and determine the optimal parameter interval of leaf stripping roller rotation speed. Based on the self-designed automatic profiling mechanism,an adaptive ground cutting system was constructed,and the automatic lifting control of the cutterhead was discussed. The working performance of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was evaluated by field experiment.

Result

The physical morphology of sugarcane markedly affected the operation performance of the leaf stripping device. When harvesting sugarcane in upright state and bending state,the leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 600-800 r/min and 700-900 r/min respectively,which could maintain low impurity rates and loss rates,thus achieving good leaf stripping performance. Environmental humidity also affected leaf stripping performance. The leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 400-600 r/min under low humidity conditions and 800-1000 r/min under medium and high humidity conditions,which could keep low impurity rates and loss rates. Based on the optimal stubble height in the sugarcane-growing areas of Guangxi,the automatic control scheme for cutterhead lifting was set as follows:when the distance between the cutterhead and the ground was 1-3 cm,the height of the cutterhead remained unmoved;when the distance was < 1 cm,the height of cutterhead was raised;when the distance was > 3 cm,the height of cutterhead was lowered. The field experiment results showed that,for the 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester,the average impurity rate was 2.71%,the average stump breaking rate 6.34%,the average loss rate 2.98%,the qualified cane rate 94.10%,and the qualified cutting height rate 95.80%. The overall operation performance indicators of the machine met the requirements of JB/T 6275-2019 Sugarcane Combine Harvester. Compared with the conventional manual harvesting efficiency (1.0-1.5 t/d),the average harvesting efficiency of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was 5.31 t/h,and the daily harvesting capacity was equivalent to the workload of about 40 workers.

Conclusion

By controlling the key working parameters of leaf stripping process of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and formulating the automatic control scheme of cutterhead lifting,the impurity rate and loss rate of sugarcane harvesting process can be effectively controlled,and the quality and efficiency of sugarcane harvesting can be improved.

whole-stalk sugarcane harvester  /  mechanization  /  leaf stripping roller rotation speed  /  adaptive ground cutting system  /  harvesting efficiency
邢钇浩, 梁明朗, 邓宇驰, 张胜忠, 张华伟, 蔡钟庆, 覃欣广, 吴建明, 陈荣发, 文俊丽. 4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的研发及应用. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1874 -1885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.022
Yi-hao XING, Ming-lang LIANG, Yu-chi DENG, Sheng-zhong ZHANG, Hua-wei ZHANG, Zhong-qing CAI, Xin-guang QIN, Jian-ming WU, Rong-fa CHEN, Jun-li WEN. Research and development of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and its application[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1874 -1885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.022
【研究意义】甘蔗作为全球及我国南方热带、亚热带地区举足轻重的经济作物,不仅是食糖生产无可替代的核心原料,更是生物能源和多种工业产品的重要来源。在我国,尤其是广西、云南、广东等主产区,甘蔗种植及相关产业构成了当地农业经济的支柱。从甘蔗种植到加工的全产业链中,收获环节因其劳动强度大、时效性要求高、成本占比显著,成为影响生产效率与效益提升的关键因素(肖威和陆静平,2022)。广西作为我国最大的糖料蔗产区,甘蔗的种植面积和蔗糖产量已连续32个榨季位居全国第一,产量占全国60%以上(戴传勇等,2025)。然而,2023/2024年榨季广西甘蔗收获机械化率为35.56%,联合机收率仅为1.83%(周海燕等,2024)。广西甘蔗收获机械化率低受诸多因素的影响,如土地坡度复杂、地块小且分散、土壤黏性大、喀斯特碎石等,难以适配大型机械设备的运作,易造成良田碾压、割茬不齐、甘蔗破头率高和卡刀等现象,导致机收效率降低,阻碍甘蔗收获机械化进程(周志滔等,2024)。因此,对甘蔗收获机进行研究,有针对性地研发适宜丘陵地区作业的甘蔗收获机,对于突破地形制约,大幅度提升甘蔗收获效率,以及降低收获成本均具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】目前,机械化甘蔗联合收获作业通常使用切段式甘蔗联合收获机和整秆式甘蔗联合收获机。已有众多学者对2种收获机的各环节进行了深入研究。陈远玲等(2020)建立切段辊的有限元模型进行疲劳分析并进行优化;邢浩男等(2020)对切段式甘蔗收获机风机内部流场进行了仿真分析并优化结构;武涛等(2022)采用短路径整秆输送通道和刮板筛网式蔗段输送通道,配合中置+后置风机组成的双风机除杂系统,以解决现有切段式甘蔗联合收获机输送通道易堵塞、含杂率与损失率高等问题。然而,我国蔗区为丘陵山区,地块偏小且分散,切段式收获机多为大中型设备,对地块损伤较大,发挥受限。此外,切段易增加蔗茎和糖分损失,导致运输成本高,损失率较大(莫蕾,2019)。现阶段更需要能够适应山区丘陵地块连续收割作业的中小型整秆式甘蔗联合收获机。关于整秆式甘蔗收获机,也有众多学者对其中关键部件进行了研究。关于甘蔗的剥叶过程,谢卢鑫等(2020)对整秆式甘蔗收获机的甘蔗剥叶过程进行了仿真分析,探究喂入辊筒转速、剥叶辊筒转速等因素对剥叶质量的影响;邓鹏和陆静平(2022)对甘蔗剥叶机理进行了深入研究,明确甘蔗所受切向力在剥叶过程中的作用;陈明东等(2024)对拉力式甘蔗剥叶机剥叶元件的作业参数进行了研究;针对剥叶过程蔗叶与蔗茎间干涉问题,林运东等(2024)设计了一种蔗叶风倒机构;刘庆庭等(2025)明确了剥叶辊筒转速、喂入量、剥叶元件排数等关键因素对剥净率的影响规律。关于甘蔗的收割过程,莫瀚宁等(2022)围绕刀盘轴向振动和切割参数对甘蔗收获机切割质量的影响进行了研究;曾邦等(2022)探究了复杂丘陵地区小型甘蔗收获机的切割机理。由于我国蔗区地形复杂,实际作业时地势高低起伏大。在作业过程中,若切割刀盘无法随地势自动调节,易导致机收时留茬过高而影响产量,或是切割入土过深,不仅会加剧刀具磨损,还容易造成宿根破损,影响次年产量(钱君等,2023)。针对上述问题,丁征亮等(2023)宫元娟等(2023)基于仿形轮和负载压力检测方法,实现切割深度自动控制;陈延祥等(2024)设计了基于机器视觉的甘蔗多刀切种装备;何冯光等(2024)设计了一种甘蔗收获机切割器入土切割深度监测与自动控制系统;麻芳兰等(2024)对甘蔗收获机的切割控制系统建立负载压力预测模型。【本研究切入点】目前,已有众多学者对甘蔗收获过程中的各个环节进行了广泛研究。综合考虑我国农艺条件、糖厂需求及经济性优势,整秆式甘蔗联合收获机已成为当下甘蔗机械化收获的发展趋势。然而,结合实际山区丘陵地块实现连续收割作业的中小型整秆式甘蔗联合收获机的研究相对较少。【拟解决的关键问题】搭建专用的剥叶通道试验平台,结合甘蔗形态差异及环境湿度变化,分析4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的剥叶环节关键工作参数;同时,引入自动仿形机构对丘陵地区的地形变化进行研究,明确自适应地面切割装置的工作参数;并通过田间试验评价4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的工作性能,为进一步优化整秆式甘蔗收获机作业质量提供参考依据。
典型的整秆式甘蔗收获机主要由切梢器、分蔗扶蔗器、压蔗辊、根切器、喂入机构、剥叶机构和集蔗器等组成,可以完成甘蔗的切梢、扶倒、根切、喂入、输送、剥叶和集堆等作业(夏鼎宽等,2021)。
4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机(图1)为集斗式设计的整秆式甘蔗收获机,采用特制四驱底盘、行驶稳定性高,具有较强的地块坡度适应能力;在整体结构、功率匹配、液压系统等方面均做了精细的设计,具有收割效率高、含杂率低、损失率低、破头率低、使用成本低等优点。
4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机主要由底盘、柴油机、驾驶室、切梢装置、扶蔗器、切根装置、提升通道、转向装置、剥叶通道、排杂风机、液压系统、料仓及控制系统等部分组成,如图2所示。
切梢装置:由拢叶转盘、切梢锯片、脱叶导板、液压马达驱动、液压电磁阀、升降油缸和支架组成,切除蔗梢蛋黄以上的部分,降低含杂率。
提升通道:由喂蔗拢盘、上夹持元件、下夹持元件、驱动电机及导杆等部分组成,承接切根装置已切割的甘蔗,将甘蔗从地面运送到转向装置。
驾驶室:包括方向机总成、电液控制系统、变速操纵系统等。操纵各个系统可完成甘蔗收获机所有的工作,实现连续作业。
排杂风机:由轴流式强力风机组成,将收获甘蔗上的蔗叶吹出,获得干净的甘蔗。
料仓:完成净蔗收集归斗。
底盘:整个收获机载体,承载机构共同行走。
动力单元:实现各运动部件的运转。
剥叶通道:由剥叶框架、送蔗辊筒、剥叶指拨辊、液压马达、传动链条齿轮等部分组成,是甘蔗收获机的关键部件。承接从转向装置处平趟进来的甘蔗,由通道内前、中、后分布的送蔗辊筒将甘蔗往后部输送,在输送的过程中由多组剥叶指拨辊将甘蔗上的蔗叶剥离打碎还田。
切根装置:单圆盘切割机构,由自动仿形机构、切断刀、切断主轴、传动齿轮及箱体、液压马达组成,收获过程中自动保持切刀贴地或入土切割,将甘蔗从根部切断,输送至提升通道。是自主专利自动仿形机构。
转向装置:由导向杆、转向齿盘、后拨动胶轮、斜运链板输送机及档板等部件组成,使直立进入收获机的甘蔗调整姿态为平趟方向,进入剥叶通道。
扶蔗器:由左右扶蔗指拨链、减速马达驱动、升降油缸和支架组成,使收获行倒伏的甘蔗直立进入收割装置,便于收获机通过而不被压倒,提升收获效率,减少损失。
收获机刀盘能够实时根据地面起伏智能升降,切根刀盘精准入土切割,达到破损率低、出苗率高的效果。剥叶系统工控程序模式化,根据不同甘蔗品种脱叶特性、不同种植密度等进行剥叶模式调整。
甘蔗成熟后,甘蔗收获机按照适应的种植行距进行收获。在扶蔗指拨链的作用下,将需要收获的甘蔗归拢到喂蔗拢盘入口,由两侧导杆将收获行以外的甘蔗分到机器外侧,避免碾压;到喂蔗拢盘入口的甘蔗在指拨链和拢盘的扶持下,先由调整好高度的切梢器切梢,再由旋转的切刀对甘蔗根部进行入土切断,并向右侧提升通道输送,由柔性皮带夹持机构夹紧甘蔗后提升连续输送至转向装置内,转向装置将直立进入收获机的甘蔗调整姿态为平趟方向,并将甘蔗根部朝前输送至剥叶通道入口,在入口喂料胶辊的作用下将甘蔗连续喂入剥叶通道,由多组剥叶指拨辊将甘蔗上的蔗叶剥离下来并打碎还田,净蔗沿剥叶通道出口往机尾料仓输出,通过除杂段时在排杂风机的作用下,碎蔗叶等杂质被分离吹出,抛撒在已收获的蔗田里,净蔗收集在料斗内,料斗满载后将净蔗倒在平地上,待够车或地块收割完成后装到运输车辆送往糖厂进行榨糖。
4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的主要性能指标和技术参数如表1所示。其中,纯工作小时生产率与额定喂入量相关,该数值为广西农业机械化服务中心现场地块(75 t/ha)鉴定结果,实际作业纯工作小时生产率受地块平整度、甘蔗直立度、产量、品种等因素影响较大,为恶劣情况下的最小值。
剥叶装置是整秆式甘蔗收获机的关键部件,剥叶效果直接影响甘蔗收获机的使用性能和甘蔗的收获质量(刘庆庭等,2024)。剥叶装置主要由剥叶齿轮、剥叶轴承组、油马达、剥叶通道、剥叶框架等部件组成,如图3所示。
为适配广西蔗区主推品种(桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂柳05136)的生长特性,结合当地丘陵地形导致的甘蔗形态差异及环境湿度变化影响,搭建剥叶通道试验平台,开展2组针对性试验,明确4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的剥叶辊筒转速最优参数区间。
有研究表明(沈中华等,2024汤圣尧等,2025),相同时间内,若剥叶元件对甘蔗的击打次数越多,则对蔗叶的撕扯效果越明显,剥叶效果越好,但过多的击打次数可能会造成茎秆损伤。剥叶辊筒转速是影响击打次数的关键因素,故合理选择剥叶辊筒转速,能够有效控制剥叶效果。
分别选取直立状态(绝对弯曲度0 cm)和弯曲状态(绝对弯曲度25 cm,模拟丘陵地块机械作业时甘蔗倒伏形态)的甘蔗进行试验。人工随机砍收满足试验样品条件的3个品种(桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂柳05136)甘蔗各1 t,分次进行剥叶除杂试验,对剥叶除杂后的含杂率和蔗茎损伤率进行分析。由表2表3可知,在同样剥叶辊筒转速下,弯曲状态的甘蔗剥叶效果略差于直立状态的甘蔗剥叶效果,其含杂率较直立状态提高0.4%~0.8%(绝对值),主要由于弯曲甘蔗与剥叶元件接触不均匀,部分蔗叶未被有效击打(牟向伟等,2013)。
直立状态甘蔗收获时,剥叶辊筒转速在600~800 r/min,各品种含杂率≤2.6%、损伤率≤1.7%;弯曲状态甘蔗收获时,需适当提高转速至700~900 r/min,可使含杂率控制在3.0%以内,同时损伤率≤2.0%。当转速低于600 r/min时,剥叶齿轮击打频率不足,含杂率较高;转速高于900 r/min时,过度击打导致蔗茎损伤率明显上升,尤其桂糖42号因茎秆较脆,损伤率超3.0%。
因此,在收获直立状态下的甘蔗时,剥叶辊筒转速控制在600~800 r/min;在收获弯曲状态下的甘蔗时,剥叶辊筒转速在700~900 r/min,能保持较低的含杂率和损伤率,实现较好的剥叶效果。
考虑广西气候环境湿度对剥叶效果的影响,选取广西大面积种植的宜机收品种桂糖44号进行分析。按照5%(低湿度)、10%(中湿度)、15%(高湿度)的质量比例分别将水均匀喷洒在甘蔗上,模拟广西旱季、雨季及露水时段的作业环境,分次进行剥叶除杂试验,对剥叶除杂后的含杂率和蔗茎损伤率进行分析。
表4表5可知,湿度越高的甘蔗剥叶难度越大,在相同的剥叶辊筒转速、甘蔗弯曲度、品种条件下,剥叶效果也越差,是由于湿叶鞘与茎秆间附着力增强,导致撕裂难度提升。
在低湿度条件下,剥叶辊筒转速在400~600 r/min,甘蔗含杂率≤5.4%、损伤率≤0.9%;在中、高湿度条件下,剥叶辊筒转速在800~1000 r/min,可使含杂率控制在3.1%以内,同时损伤率≤3.5%。在高湿度条件下且剥叶辊筒转速低于600 r/min时,虽损伤率低,但含杂率较高,无法满足收获条件;当剥叶辊筒转速超过800 r/min时,损伤率较高,影响甘蔗品质。
经长期重复试验,结合广西蔗区实际作业情况可确定4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的剥叶装置核心参数:(1)在常规情况下(直立甘蔗,低、中湿度),剥叶辊筒转速为884±20 r/min,此时能保持较低的含杂率和损伤率。(2)在特殊情况下,如弯曲甘蔗时,剥叶辊筒转速上调至900~950 r/min,可将含杂率控制在3.0%以内;在高湿度环境下,剥叶辊筒转速上调至920~980 r/min,可减少蔗叶残留;在低湿度环境下,剥叶辊筒转速下调至750~800 r/min,可有效降低蔗茎损伤。
剥叶装置可根据自适应调节方案,通过收获机控制系统实时采集甘蔗形态传感器信号与环境湿度传感器数据,自动调整输出转速,进而实现不同工况下剥叶效果的动态优化。
甘蔗切割装置作为甘蔗收获机的核心部件,其性能对甘蔗的收获质量有直接影响。切割装置是整秆式甘蔗收获机的前置关键部件,其切割深度的稳定性直接影响甘蔗产量与宿根质量(林家祥等,2025)。
在整秆式甘蔗收获机切割系统中,设置自动升降切割模块,对刀盘切割深度进行有效调整,自动控制切割深度,更有效实现多地形、高度多变换的场景切割,是目前甘蔗收获机自动化需解决的关键问题之一。切割装置采用单圆盘切割刀盘,用于切割甘蔗根部并将甘蔗送入夹持输送装置。4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的切割装置主要由油缸、刀盘座、油马达、刀盘轴座、刀盘、切刀等部件组成,如图4所示。
针对广西蔗区地形复杂、地势起伏大的作业痛点,设计切刀自适应地面系统,实现切割深度的实时动态调节,核心包括地面高度探测机构与液压控制模块。
切刀自适应地面系统(图5)包括地面高度探测机构及液压切割刀盘机构。地面高度探测机构用于检测地面平整度并将检测信号反馈至控制装置,设有位移检测组件;位移检测组件中设有可上下移动的测高导轮。
切割刀盘升降自动控制以预设切割高度为基准。根据广西地方标准DB45/T 2405—2021《甘蔗生产农机农艺融合技术规范》要求,广西蔗区地表留茬高度≤3 cm。通过位移检测组件反馈的地面高度变化信号,驱动油缸调节刀盘高度。具体控制方案如表6所示,当刀盘与地面距离为1~3 cm时,控制刀盘高度不动;当距离<1 cm时,控制刀盘高度上升;当距离>3 cm时,控制刀盘高度下降。
甘蔗收获机进行移动收割,测高导轮遇到高低不平的地面时上下活动,通过计算测高导轮活动的距离,并反馈至控制装置,使其根据接收的信号控制驱动装置调节切割刀盘高度,进而控制切割刀盘与地面的高度,保证甘蔗收获机在收割时,切割刀盘能够实时随地面波动而自适应地调节切割高度,实现切割刀盘与地面的距离始终保持一致。
该自适应地面切割系统可适配坡度≤15°的丘陵地块,地面起伏在±5.0 cm范围内的切割深度误差控制在±0.5 cm,留茬高度合格率≥95.0%,宿根破损率≤3.0%,较传统人工调节式切割装置降低破损率60.0%以上,刀具使用寿命延长25%以上。
经广西来宾、崇左等蔗区实地试验(作业面积超13 ha),自适应地面切割装置在丘陵地块的切割合格率达96.2%,宿根萌发率较传统切割方式提升12.5%(绝对值)。
4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的控制线路主要通过动力分工,即液压与电动混合驱动,液压承担升降、翻转,电动承担切割、运输,解决复杂农业需求。同时,模块化执行单元,各功能对应独立驱动单元,以自动化流程代替传统收获中的人工干预环节,实现精细化分段控制。
液压系统包括液压泵、转向器、单稳阀、多路阀、液压缸、液压油箱、液压马达、液压管路、液压油散热器等,保障收获机转向、部件升降、运动部件转动等功能。4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机液压原理如图6所示。
针对甘蔗的特性,该控制系统设计多工位协同控制解决方案,分段进行处理切梢、切根、剥叶。通过分离马达和液缸驱动源,实现并行输送—切梢—切根—剥叶—抛料—收集等动作,避免动作冲突。由于农田地形起伏多、作物高度差异大,通过独立调节液缸,实时调控刀盘和切梢装置的高度,确保切割精度,减少漏收或损伤。同时,考虑传统收获机人工卸料的繁琐,控制系统实现分级卸载设计,实现全流程自动化收集。
试验于广西崇左市江州区濑湍镇甘蔗基地(22°19′34″N,107°06′23″E)进行。试验垄向为南北向,垄高142.0 mm,地垄长度81.2 mm,地头宽度42.5 mm,垄面宽度19.0 mm,地表平整。甘蔗品种为桂糖42号,平均高度3.27 m,行距1.2 m。选取4个地块进行收获试验,地块面积均为0.67 m2以上,以抽样方式测试不同地块的收获效率。
根据JB/T 6275—2019《甘蔗联合收割机》进行试验测试。以含杂率、损失率、宿根破头率为指标,对4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的工作性能进行综合评价。
表7可知,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机平均收获效率为5.31 t/h,按每日8小时工作时间,收获效率为42.48 t/d。根据农业农村部农业机械化总站2026年在广西罗城县举办的甘蔗机收水平现场推进会上披露的数据,常规人工砍收效率为1.0~1.5 t/d,即相当于每台收获机可完成约40人的收获量。根据广西崇左市生产实践,采用4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机收获的油耗为105 L/ha,收获服务费(含装车)为120元/t,而人工收获服务费(含捆绳归堆、转运、装车)为170~200元/t。按75 t/ha计算,采用4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机机械化收获1 ha甘蔗地块节省3750~6000元,折合每吨节省50~80元。从表7还可看出,各地块收获效率差异较小,说明4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机运行较稳定。
图7可看出,相较于人工收获,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的留茬高度更低,更能随着地形起伏情况对甘蔗进行切割,保证应收尽收,有效减少损失。
表8可知,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机收割地块甘蔗平均含杂率为2.71%,平均损失率为2.98%,平均破蔸率为6.34%,平均留茬高度为1.33 cm;机械收获的破蔸率和平均留茬高度均优于人工收获,分别降低1.74%(绝对值)和2.14 cm。从表8还可看出,人工收获的破蔸率波动较大,是因为人工收获过程中,个体技术差异较大,且易受环境等因素影响。而4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机在机械收获过程中配套了研发的可适应地形变化的切割装置,能够实现随时贴地或入土切割,控制留茬高度,减少破蔸率和损失率。
甘蔗生产中,宿根的发株情况决定了是否继续留宿根,发株率高的可继续保留,发株率不足的则需要新植。由表9可知,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的平均宿根发株率为111.9%,较人工收获的平均宿根发株率提高17.9%(绝对值)。这与4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机整机质量较小、蔗地行距适宜机械运行等农机和农艺结合密切相关。
经2个糖料蔗收获榨季应用下,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的机收效果良好。2023/2024年榨季的蔗茎收获量约20805.00 t,面积约267 ha;2024/2025年榨季的蔗茎收获量约32366.25 t,面积约500 ha。
图8为4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机与凯斯A4000甘蔗收获机、柳工S718A甘蔗收获机在含杂率、损失率和宿根破头率等指标上的对比结果。4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的含杂率、损失率和宿根破头率较柳工S718A甘蔗收获机分别降低7.50%、11.00%和1.00%(绝对值),较凯斯A4000甘蔗收获机分别降低13.50%、16.00%和9.00%(绝对值)。
表10可知,4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机各试验指标均优于JB/T 6275—2019《甘蔗联合收割机》标准,满足整秆式甘蔗联合收获机性能要求。试验过程中机具工作平稳,各运动部件配合良好,能够根据不同甘蔗品种脱叶特性、不同种植密度等进行剥叶模式调整;能够通过实时感知地面起伏并自动精准调整升降切根刀盘深度,实现低破头率的精准切割。
甘蔗机械化收获是甘蔗产业发展的必然趋势(王勇军等,2025)。目前甘蔗收获机的研究主要围绕切段式甘蔗收获机(陈远玲等,2020武涛等,2022)和整秆式甘蔗收获机(谢卢鑫等,2020陈延祥等,2024)开展。切段式甘蔗收获机主要优势在于能够收获弯曲、倒伏甘蔗,且不易堵塞。然而,我国蔗区条件复杂,主要为丘陵山地,在甘蔗机械化作业中容易受到种植地块的限制。切段式甘蔗收获机整机质量较大,田间工作运转存在一定难度,且反复碾压蔗地易影响甘蔗宿根的生长(李明春等,2025)。相较于切段式甘蔗收获机,整秆式甘蔗收获机整机质量轻,但存在对弯曲甘蔗收获困难等问题。针对此问题,邓鹏和陆静平(2022)分析了整秆式收获机的剥叶元件安装方式对甘蔗剥叶效果的影响机理;刘庆庭等(2025)分析了整秆式甘蔗收获机剥叶性能的影响因素对剥净率的影响。
本研究基于甘蔗收获过程中的实际情况,搭建了专用的剥叶通道试验平台,并选取不同品种的甘蔗开展系统性试验。对4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机剥叶装置的关键工作参数进行研究,重点分析在收获过程中可能遇到的不同形态(弯曲、直立)甘蔗的剥叶过程与效果。结果表明,甘蔗的物理形态明显影响剥叶装置的作业性能。研究进一步明确了弯曲与直立甘蔗在剥叶效果上的差异,并据此确定了不同形态甘蔗的剥叶装置关键参数优化范围。广西作为全国最大的糖料蔗产区,其特殊气候同样对收获过程有一定影响。考虑环境湿度对剥叶效果的影响,模拟了广西不同气候(旱季、雨季及露水时段)的作业环境。结果表明,湿度越高,甘蔗剥叶难度越大。研究进一步明确了不同湿度下剥叶效果的差异,并据此确定了不同湿度下甘蔗剥叶装置的关键参数范围。上述结果为后续剥叶装置的结构优化与自适应控制提供了重要的理论依据,对提升整秆式甘蔗收获机的作业质量与适应性具有积极意义。
由于我国蔗区地形复杂,实际作业时地势高低起伏大,易导致机收过程中留茬过高影响产量,或是切割入土过深,加剧刀具磨损,造成宿根破损,影响次年产量(钱君等,2023)。为了达到切割刀盘随地势自动调节的目的,目前主要通过仿形轮(丁征亮等,2023)、机器视觉(陈延祥等,2024)和负载压力检测(麻芳兰等,2024)等方法实现。本研究针对蔗区丘陵地形起伏的特点,基于自主设计的自动仿形机构,构建了自适应地面切割系统。通过明确切割刀盘的自动升降控制方案,系统能够在收割过程中实时检测地面波动,并动态调节切割高度,从而确保刀盘与地面保持恒定距离。4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机收获过程中破蔸率远低于行业标准JB/T 6275—2019《甘蔗联合收割机》,其技术的成因主要在于自主设计的仿形装置,根据广西蔗地起伏实际情况,明确广西蔗区最优留茬高度,将农机与农艺深度结合,使切割高度控制逻辑与整机参数实现最佳匹配,实现复杂蔗田地形的跟随,降低刀盘对蔗蔸的撞击风险,使得破蔸率保持较低水平。这一设计有效提升了复杂地形下的收割一致性与作业质量,为甘蔗收获机的智能化与地形适应性提供了可行的技术解决方案。
本研究主要对4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机在收获过程中的剥叶和切割环节进行具体分析,在此基础上进行田间试验。试验结果显示,该收获机的平均含杂率为2.71%,平均损失率为2.98%,平均破蔸率为6.34%,蔗茎合格率为94.10%,切割高度合格率为95.80%。整机测试各项性能指标均优于相关标准。
值得关注的是,在田间实际作业中,由于环境复杂,尤其遇到倒伏弯曲度较大的甘蔗时,收获过程易出现卡堵现象。针对大倒伏甘蔗的机械化收获作业,可以从扶起装置入手,从倒伏甘蔗的空间姿态建立倒伏甘蔗模型,进而实现对扶起装置的进一步优化。此外,需要对输送装置与切割装置的协同控制进行优化,实现输送量与输送速度之间的有效动态调节。总体而言,如何解决特殊工况作业卡堵问题,大幅提高作业效率和智能化,将成为今后重点研究方向。
通过控制4GL-KC98.6型整秆式甘蔗收获机的剥叶环节关键工作参数及明确切割刀盘升降自动控制方案,能够有效控制甘蔗收获过程的含杂率和损失率,提升甘蔗机械化收获质量与收获效率。

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.022
  • 接收时间:2026-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-07
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    1广西农业科学院,广西 南宁 530007
    2广西科创农业科技集团有限责任公司,广西 崇左 532200

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陈荣发(1986-),https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7773-3008,副研究员,主要从事甘蔗农机农艺、化学调控及分子生物学研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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