Article(id=1302212471612273297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774800000000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788401247170, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788401247170, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788401247170, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788401247170, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302212221539472091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, year='2026', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1625', pageEnd='1956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788401187547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405081323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228553291034732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, issueId=1302212221539472091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1764, endPage=1773, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302212471868125842, articleId=1302212471612273297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=EN, title=QTL mapping for resistance to southern corn rust based on high-density SNP genetic linkage map, columnId=1302212259774747620, journalTitle=Journal of Southern Agriculture, columnName=Crop Genetics & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to southern corn rust using a highly resistant maize inbred line,providing basis for elucidating molecular marker-assisted breeding and genetic regulation mechanisms of disease resistance of maize.

Method

The F2 population derived from a cross between the highly resistant inbred line S311 and the highly susceptible inbred line HY813,comprising 186 individuals,were genotyped using a 10K SNP chip to construct a high-density genetic linkage map. By integrating the genetic linkage map with phenotypic data,the composite interval mapping (CIM) and genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM) were employed to determine the positions and effects of QTLs.

Result

The resistance to southern corn rust in the F2 population tended to resemble that of the paternal parent S311. The disease severity was rated from 1 to 9,with skewness and kurtosis both between -1.00 and 1.00,which was consistent with the distribution characteristics of quantitative traits. A total of 3103 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map whose total length was 3607.39 cM,and average genetic distance between markers was 1.16 cM. A total of 4 QTLs were detected using CIM,located on chromosomes 1 and 3,among which the QTL loci qSCR3-1 and qSCR3-2 on chromosome 3 had higher (logarithm of odds LOD) values,explaining 25.6% and 10.0% of phenotypic variation respectively. A total of two QTL loci,namely qSCR3-1 and qSCR3-2 on chromosome 3,were detected using GCIM,explaining 64.4% and 16.5% of phenotypic variation respectively. A total of four candidate genes associated with disease resistance,namely Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013,and Zm00001d042051,were identified within the QTL loci commonly detected by both methods. After pathogen inoculation,the relative expression of Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013,and Zm00001d042051 in leaves of S311 was all extremely significantly increased compared with those before inoculation (CK) (P<0.0001). In HY813 after pathogen inoculation,however,the relative expression of Zm00001d042214 showed no significant change (P>0.05),while Zm00001d042013 was extremely significantly up-regulated compared with CK (P<0.01),and both Zm00001d041994 and Zm00001d042051 were extremely significantly up-regulated compared with CK (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

In the inbred line S311,two major QTL loci (qSCR3-1 and qSCR3-2) for resistance to southern corn rust are mapped,and four candidate genes related to resistance to southern corn rust are screened within the QTL intervals,namely Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013,and Zm00001d042051.

, authors=Shao-li WEI, Bing-wei WANG, Cheng-qiao SHI, Jia-xing ZHENG, Jing-dan HE, Xiu ZHONG, An-xia HUANG, Bei-er PAN, Jia-ming QIN, Bu-jin ZHOU, authorsList=Shao-li WEI, Bing-wei WANG, Cheng-qiao SHI, Jia-xing ZHENG, Jing-dan HE, Xiu ZHONG, An-xia HUANG, Bei-er PAN, Jia-ming QIN, Bu-jin ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia-ming QIN, Bu-jin ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302212473008976539, articleId=1302212471612273297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, language=CN, title=基于SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱的玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位, columnId=1302212260148040678, journalTitle=南方农业学报, columnName=作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

通过高抗玉米南方锈病自交系抗性QTL定位,为开展玉米分子标记辅助育种和抗病性状的遗传调控机制研究打下基础。

方法

以高抗玉米南方锈病自交系S311和高感玉米南方锈病自交系HY813杂交构建F2代群体,利用10K SNP芯片对F2代群体的186个单株进行基因分型后,构建高密度遗传连锁图谱。将该遗传连锁图谱与表型数据相结合,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)和全基因组复合区间作图法(GCIM)确定玉米南方锈病抗性QTL位置和效应。

结果

F2代群体的玉米南方锈病抗性表现更偏向于父本S311;病害等级为1~9级,偏度和峰度均在-1.00~1.00,符合数量性状的分布特征。利用3103个SNP标记构建遗传连锁图谱,该图谱总长度为3607.39 cM,标记之间的平均遗传距离为1.16 cM。利用CIM检测到4个QTL,分别位于1号染色体和3号染色体上,其中位于3号染色体上QTL位点qSCR3-1qSCR3-2的LOD值较高,表型变异解释率分别为25.6%和10.0%。采用GCIM在3号染色体上检测到2个QTL位点qSCR3-1qSCR3-2,表型变异解释分别为64.4%和16.5%。在2种方法共同鉴定到QTL位点上筛选到4个与抗病相关基因Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051。接种病原菌后,Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051基因在S311叶片中的相对表达量均较接种前(CK)极显著升高(P<0.0001);而HY813接种病原菌后,Zm00001d042214基因在叶片中的相对表达量与接种前无显著变化(P>0.05)、Zm00001d042013基因在叶片中的相对表达量较CK极显著升高(P<0.01)、Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042051基因在叶片中的相对表达量均较CK极显著升高(P<0.0001)。

结论

在自交系S311中定位到2个玉米南方锈病抗性主效QTL位点qSCR3-1qSCR3-2,在QTL区间筛选到Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051等4个抗玉米南方锈病的候选基因。

, authors=韦绍丽, 王兵伟, 时成俏, 郑加兴, 何静丹, 钟秀, 黄安霞, 盘贝儿, 覃嘉明*, *, 周步进*, *, authorsList=韦绍丽, 王兵伟, 时成俏, 郑加兴, 何静丹, 钟秀, 黄安霞, 盘贝儿, 覃嘉明, 周步进, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=覃嘉明, 周步进, authorNote=

韦绍丽(1985-),https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9541-4605,主要从事玉米育种研究工作,E-mail:

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覃嘉明(1980-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4722-4939,副研究员,主要从事玉米分子育种研究工作,E-mail:
周步进(1985-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-8411,副研究员,主要从事玉米分子育种研究工作,E-mail:
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European Journal of Plant Pathology150(4):1083-1090., articleTitle=Identification of genetic loci conferring partial resistance to southern corn rust through a genome-wide association study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302212473336132252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212473348715165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, companyId=1302212473336132252, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302212473357103774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, companyId=1302212473336132252, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西 南宁 530007)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302212477077451483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=SNP marker linkage map of the F2 population, figureFileSmall=QIX+j8wse8cdswhjd7GBQw==, figureFileBig=i0/00b4DwHDBe+yutzdahg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477144560348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=图1, caption=F2代群体SNP标记连锁图谱, figureFileSmall=QIX+j8wse8cdswhjd7GBQw==, figureFileBig=i0/00b4DwHDBe+yutzdahg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477320721117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=QTL detection results of resistance to southern corn rust of the F2 population based on CIM, figureFileSmall=mqusGRby5M5iuVWlfRqnhg==, figureFileBig=Q/bSFvTLpcN2CzX/QV4TpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477396218590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于CIM的F2代群体玉米南方锈病抗性QTL检测结果, figureFileSmall=mqusGRby5M5iuVWlfRqnhg==, figureFileBig=Q/bSFvTLpcN2CzX/QV4TpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477459133151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=QTL detection results of resistance to southern corn rust of the F2 population based on GCIM, figureFileSmall=IkKpeI8GldU2tlkqJwNaXQ==, figureFileBig=Kw+H0sCnCJu8CtdGRWOalg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477563990752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于GCIM的F2代群体玉米南方锈病抗性QTL检测结果, figureFileSmall=IkKpeI8GldU2tlkqJwNaXQ==, figureFileBig=Kw+H0sCnCJu8CtdGRWOalg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477656265441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression difference analysis of candidate genes, figureFileSmall=bC6IeUvZG5P5fhQ9f6E1sQ==, figureFileBig=6TcPBmfWbbTiZkYCta4/Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477731762914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=图4, caption=候选基因的表达差异分析

**和****分别表示差异极显著水平P<0.01和P<0.0001

, figureFileSmall=bC6IeUvZG5P5fhQ9f6E1sQ==, figureFileBig=6TcPBmfWbbTiZkYCta4/Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302212477803066083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences of reference genes and candidate genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因ID Gene ID上游引物 Forward primer下游引物 Reverse primer
Zm00001d0422145'-GTATCAGCAGCAGCCCAAGA-3'5'-AGATCATGTCCCCGACCAGA-3'
Zm00001d0419945'-ATCTCAACCCTGGAAGCAGC-3'5'-CTCATCCCATCCTGACAGGC-3'
Zm00001d0420135'-CGGGTTCACTCTGTTCGTCA-3'5'-GATCCCGATGCAGACCAGAG-3'
Zm00001d0420515'-AACTCTCTCTCTGGCCCCAT-3'5'-AGGTTGTTGTACTCCAGCCG-3'
GAPDH5'-ATCAACGGCTTCGGAAGGAT-3'5'-CCGTGGACGGTGTCGTACTT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1302212477865980644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内参基因及候选基因引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因ID Gene ID上游引物 Forward primer下游引物 Reverse primer
Zm00001d0422145'-GTATCAGCAGCAGCCCAAGA-3'5'-AGATCATGTCCCCGACCAGA-3'
Zm00001d0419945'-ATCTCAACCCTGGAAGCAGC-3'5'-CTCATCCCATCCTGACAGGC-3'
Zm00001d0420135'-CGGGTTCACTCTGTTCGTCA-3'5'-GATCCCGATGCAGACCAGAG-3'
Zm00001d0420515'-AACTCTCTCTCTGGCCCCAT-3'5'-AGGTTGTTGTACTCCAGCCG-3'
GAPDH5'-ATCAACGGCTTCGGAAGGAT-3'5'-CCGTGGACGGTGTCGTACTT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1302212477924700901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Phenotypes of southern corn rust for the parental lines and F2 population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亲本/群体
Parent/population
病级
Disease severity rating
病害等级范围
Disease severity range
偏度
Skewness
峰度
Kurtosis
变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
广义遗传力(%)
Broad-sense heritability
S3111-----
HY8139-----
F2群体 F2 population3.15±2.951~91.134-0.22993.4391.71
), ArticleFig(id=1302212477991809766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

亲本及F2代群体的玉米南方锈病表型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亲本/群体
Parent/population
病级
Disease severity rating
病害等级范围
Disease severity range
偏度
Skewness
峰度
Kurtosis
变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
广义遗传力(%)
Broad-sense heritability
S3111-----
HY8139-----
F2群体 F2 population3.15±2.951~91.134-0.22993.4391.71
), ArticleFig(id=1302212478067307239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Data of the F2 population genetic map

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染色体
Chromosome
SNP标记数量
Number of SNP marker
长度(cM)
Length
SNP标记平均间隔(cM)
Average interval between SNP markers
最大间隔(cM)
Maximum interval
1491448.140.9139.52
2272421.261.5584.73
3332388.141.1767.81
4367367.211.0059.36
5396368.640.9358.23
6280327.531.1745.93
7260355.551.3767.43
8334319.120.9642.77
9256333.681.3073.70
10115278.132.4283.52
总计 Total31033607.391.1684.73
), ArticleFig(id=1302212478142804712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

F2代群体的遗传图谱数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染色体
Chromosome
SNP标记数量
Number of SNP marker
长度(cM)
Length
SNP标记平均间隔(cM)
Average interval between SNP markers
最大间隔(cM)
Maximum interval
1491448.140.9139.52
2272421.261.5584.73
3332388.141.1767.81
4367367.211.0059.36
5396368.640.9358.23
6280327.531.1745.93
7260355.551.3767.43
8334319.120.9642.77
9256333.681.3073.70
10115278.132.4283.52
总计 Total31033607.391.1684.73
), ArticleFig(id=1302212478205719273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

QTL distribution for resistance to southern corn rust of the F2 population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法
Method
QTL染色体
Chromosome
位置 (cM)
Position
标记区间
Marker interval
LOD加性效应
Additive effect
显性效应
Dominant effect
表型变异解释率(%)
Phenotypic variance explanation rate
CIMqSCR1-1194.1AX86285795~AX862656693.0-0.2-1.00.6
qSCR1-21333.9AX86280535~AX862656753.10.2-1.02.9
qSCR3-1374.9AX86244907~AX8624497361.1-3.8-2.825.6
qSCR3-23300.9AX86269011~AX8628944827.3-0.8-2.810.0
GCIMqSCR3-1374.9AX86244907~AX8624497359.9-3.60.064.4
qSCR3-23301.0AX86289432~AX8628944840.00.0-2.616.5
), ArticleFig(id=1302212478277022442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

F2代群体玉米南方锈病抗性QTL分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法
Method
QTL染色体
Chromosome
位置 (cM)
Position
标记区间
Marker interval
LOD加性效应
Additive effect
显性效应
Dominant effect
表型变异解释率(%)
Phenotypic variance explanation rate
CIMqSCR1-1194.1AX86285795~AX862656693.0-0.2-1.00.6
qSCR1-21333.9AX86280535~AX862656753.10.2-1.02.9
qSCR3-1374.9AX86244907~AX8624497361.1-3.8-2.825.6
qSCR3-23300.9AX86269011~AX8628944827.3-0.8-2.810.0
GCIMqSCR3-1374.9AX86244907~AX8624497359.9-3.60.064.4
qSCR3-23301.0AX86289432~AX8628944840.00.0-2.616.5
), ArticleFig(id=1302212478352519915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Genes related to resistance within mapping intervals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
QTL基因
Gene
基因
Gene
起点
Start
终点
End
功能注释
Function annotation
qSCR3-1Zm00001d042214SRC2156317203156318392Soybean genes regulated by cold 2
qSCR3-2Zm00001d041994LRR146858552146861679Leucine rich repeat family protein
Zm00001d042013LECRK1147399726147402513G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase
Zm00001d042051LRR-RLKs148707348148711042Putative inactive leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase
), ArticleFig(id=1302212478419628780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849931339890755, articleId=1302212471612273297, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

定位区间内与抗性相关的基因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
QTL基因
Gene
基因
Gene
起点
Start
终点
End
功能注释
Function annotation
qSCR3-1Zm00001d042214SRC2156317203156318392Soybean genes regulated by cold 2
qSCR3-2Zm00001d041994LRR146858552146861679Leucine rich repeat family protein
Zm00001d042013LECRK1147399726147402513G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase
Zm00001d042051LRR-RLKs148707348148711042Putative inactive leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase
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基于SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱的玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位
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韦绍丽 , 王兵伟 , 时成俏 , 郑加兴 , 何静丹 , 钟秀 , 黄安霞 , 盘贝儿 , 覃嘉明 *, * , 周步进 *, *
南方农业学报 | 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026,57(6): 1764-1773
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南方农业学报 |作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 2026 , 57 (6) : 1764 -1773
基于SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱的玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位
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韦绍丽 , 王兵伟, 时成俏, 郑加兴, 何静丹, 钟秀, 黄安霞, 盘贝儿, 覃嘉明*, * , 周步进*, *
作者信息
  • 1广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西 南宁 530007
通讯作者:
覃嘉明(1980-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4722-4939,副研究员,主要从事玉米分子育种研究工作,E-mail:
周步进(1985-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-8411,副研究员,主要从事玉米分子育种研究工作,E-mail:
作者简介:

韦绍丽(1985-),https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9541-4605,主要从事玉米育种研究工作,E-mail:

QTL mapping for resistance to southern corn rust based on high-density SNP genetic linkage map
Shao-li WEI , Bing-wei WANG, Cheng-qiao SHI, Jia-xing ZHENG, Jing-dan HE, Xiu ZHONG, An-xia HUANG, Bei-er PAN, Jia-ming QIN , Bu-jin ZHOU
Affiliations
  • 1Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.013
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目的

通过高抗玉米南方锈病自交系抗性QTL定位,为开展玉米分子标记辅助育种和抗病性状的遗传调控机制研究打下基础。

方法

以高抗玉米南方锈病自交系S311和高感玉米南方锈病自交系HY813杂交构建F2代群体,利用10K SNP芯片对F2代群体的186个单株进行基因分型后,构建高密度遗传连锁图谱。将该遗传连锁图谱与表型数据相结合,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)和全基因组复合区间作图法(GCIM)确定玉米南方锈病抗性QTL位置和效应。

结果

F2代群体的玉米南方锈病抗性表现更偏向于父本S311;病害等级为1~9级,偏度和峰度均在-1.00~1.00,符合数量性状的分布特征。利用3103个SNP标记构建遗传连锁图谱,该图谱总长度为3607.39 cM,标记之间的平均遗传距离为1.16 cM。利用CIM检测到4个QTL,分别位于1号染色体和3号染色体上,其中位于3号染色体上QTL位点qSCR3-1qSCR3-2的LOD值较高,表型变异解释率分别为25.6%和10.0%。采用GCIM在3号染色体上检测到2个QTL位点qSCR3-1qSCR3-2,表型变异解释分别为64.4%和16.5%。在2种方法共同鉴定到QTL位点上筛选到4个与抗病相关基因Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051。接种病原菌后,Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051基因在S311叶片中的相对表达量均较接种前(CK)极显著升高(P<0.0001);而HY813接种病原菌后,Zm00001d042214基因在叶片中的相对表达量与接种前无显著变化(P>0.05)、Zm00001d042013基因在叶片中的相对表达量较CK极显著升高(P<0.01)、Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042051基因在叶片中的相对表达量均较CK极显著升高(P<0.0001)。

结论

在自交系S311中定位到2个玉米南方锈病抗性主效QTL位点qSCR3-1qSCR3-2,在QTL区间筛选到Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051等4个抗玉米南方锈病的候选基因。

玉米  /  玉米南方锈病  /  SNP分子标记  /  遗传图谱  /  QTL定位
Objective

This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to southern corn rust using a highly resistant maize inbred line,providing basis for elucidating molecular marker-assisted breeding and genetic regulation mechanisms of disease resistance of maize.

Method

The F2 population derived from a cross between the highly resistant inbred line S311 and the highly susceptible inbred line HY813,comprising 186 individuals,were genotyped using a 10K SNP chip to construct a high-density genetic linkage map. By integrating the genetic linkage map with phenotypic data,the composite interval mapping (CIM) and genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM) were employed to determine the positions and effects of QTLs.

Result

The resistance to southern corn rust in the F2 population tended to resemble that of the paternal parent S311. The disease severity was rated from 1 to 9,with skewness and kurtosis both between -1.00 and 1.00,which was consistent with the distribution characteristics of quantitative traits. A total of 3103 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map whose total length was 3607.39 cM,and average genetic distance between markers was 1.16 cM. A total of 4 QTLs were detected using CIM,located on chromosomes 1 and 3,among which the QTL loci qSCR3-1 and qSCR3-2 on chromosome 3 had higher (logarithm of odds LOD) values,explaining 25.6% and 10.0% of phenotypic variation respectively. A total of two QTL loci,namely qSCR3-1 and qSCR3-2 on chromosome 3,were detected using GCIM,explaining 64.4% and 16.5% of phenotypic variation respectively. A total of four candidate genes associated with disease resistance,namely Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013,and Zm00001d042051,were identified within the QTL loci commonly detected by both methods. After pathogen inoculation,the relative expression of Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013,and Zm00001d042051 in leaves of S311 was all extremely significantly increased compared with those before inoculation (CK) (P<0.0001). In HY813 after pathogen inoculation,however,the relative expression of Zm00001d042214 showed no significant change (P>0.05),while Zm00001d042013 was extremely significantly up-regulated compared with CK (P<0.01),and both Zm00001d041994 and Zm00001d042051 were extremely significantly up-regulated compared with CK (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

In the inbred line S311,two major QTL loci (qSCR3-1 and qSCR3-2) for resistance to southern corn rust are mapped,and four candidate genes related to resistance to southern corn rust are screened within the QTL intervals,namely Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013,and Zm00001d042051.

maize  /  southern corn rust  /  SNP molecular marker  /  genetic map  /  QTL mapping
韦绍丽, 王兵伟, 时成俏, 郑加兴, 何静丹, 钟秀, 黄安霞, 盘贝儿, 覃嘉明, 周步进. 基于SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱的玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位. 南方农业学报, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1764 -1773 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.013
Shao-li WEI, Bing-wei WANG, Cheng-qiao SHI, Jia-xing ZHENG, Jing-dan HE, Xiu ZHONG, An-xia HUANG, Bei-er PAN, Jia-ming QIN, Bu-jin ZHOU. QTL mapping for resistance to southern corn rust based on high-density SNP genetic linkage map[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2026 , 57 (6) : 1764 -1773 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.013
【研究意义】玉米(Zea mays L.)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,是畜牧业、水产养殖业的重要饲料来源,是食品、医疗卫生、轻工业、化工业等不可或缺的原料之一(郭爽等,2024)。玉米南方锈病是由多堆柄锈菌(Puccinia polysora Underw)引起的一种叶部病害,主要造成玉米籽粒品质下降和产量降低,严重时可导致20%~50%的产量损失,甚至颗粒无收(刘玉瑛等,1999唐照磊等,2025),被列为国家热带亚热带区域试验、广西玉米区域试验及新品种审定的重点观察病害之一。玉米南方锈病最初主要在海南、广东和广西等南方地区流行(段灿星等,2015),但近年来随着全球气候的变化,逐渐向黄淮海等玉米主产区蔓延,尤其是2021—2024年,玉米南方锈病在黄淮海地区和安徽、江苏、山东等东部地区有较大规模的暴发,对玉米的产量造成了严重的损失(任春梅等,2025周建华和李丽娜,2025)。因此,亟需开展玉米南方锈病的相关研究,通过QTL定位可为进一步利用分子标记辅助改良自交系和挖掘抗病基因打下基础,以期有效应对玉米南方锈病造成的产量损失。【前人研究进展】玉米南方锈病的遗传研究最早开始于20世纪50年代。Rpp1Rpp2是最早被挖掘的2个玉米南方锈病抗性QTL,但未明确染色体的物理位置(Storey and Howland,1959)。随后,大量学者利用不同分子标记技术,定位到许多玉米南方锈病抗性QTL位点,主要有RppQChen et al.,2004)、RppDZhang et al.,2010)、Rpp25Zhao et al.,2013)、RppSWu et al.,2015)、RppS313王兵伟等,2019)、qSCR4.01Deng et al.,2020)等。Chen等(2004)以玉米南方锈病抗病自交系齐319配制的5个F2代和5个BC1F1群体为材料,利用SSR和AFLP分子标记技术在10号染色体短臂上定位到1个主效QTL位点RppQ,并且该位点对玉米南方锈病表现出完全抗性。Jines等(2007)以热带抗病自交系NC300和感病自交系B104构建的143个重组自交系(RIL)为材料,利用SSR分子标记技术在10号染色体短臂上定位到1个QTL位点,可解释83%的表型变异。Lu等(2020)利用感病自交系Ye478和抗病Qi319杂交得到RIL及其高密度遗传图谱,在6号染色体短臂上定位到另一个主效QTL位点qSCR6.01Wanlayaporn等(2013)以甜玉米南方锈病抗性自交系hA9104和甜玉米南方锈病感病自交系hA9035构建的133个RIL为材料,利用157个SSR分子标记在1、2、5、6、9和10号染色体上定位到15个QTLs,并且这些QTLs解释6.1%~81.9%的表型变异。Deng等(20192020)利用2个热带玉米南方锈病抗性自交系CIMBL83和CML486分别构建RIL群体进行QTL定位,在CIMBL83的4号染色体定位到1个稳定的QTL位点qSCR4.01,在CML486的4号染色体和9号染色体定位到2个稳定的QTL位点qSCR4.08qSCR9.04。上述QTL位点多为微效多基因抗性位点,但也有研究者发现,许多QTL位点表现出单基因显性遗传特征,并且这些QTL均位于10号染色体上,如Zhang等(2010)以抗病自交系W2D和感病自交系W22配制的F2和F2:3代群体为材料,在10号染色体2.1 cM区间内定位到1个单基因显性遗传的QTL位点RppDRppP25RppM分别被精细定位到40~110 kb的狭窄区间内,在该区域内有2个候选基因,其编码具有核苷酸结合位点富含亮氨酸重复结构域(LRR)的假定蛋白,这是抗病基因中最常见的保守结构域(Zhao et al.,2013Wang et al.,2020)。RppS定位于1个松散区间,其中最近的标记距离为8.4 cM,通过等位基因测试证实,RppSPppQRppDRppP25均不等位(Wu et al.,2015)。近年来随着分子标记技术的迭代更新,尤其是高密度SNP芯片的应用,许多玉米南方锈病抗性基因被精细定位甚至被克隆。Deng等(2022)以国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)引进玉米南方锈病抗性自交系CML496和感病自交系Lx9801构建的RIL群体为材料,在10号染色体定位到1个NBS-LRR类玉米南方锈病抗性基因RppC,并且明确了其编码蛋白与效应蛋白AvrRppC互作介导的玉米南方锈病抗性机制;此外,Chen等(2022)以构建的K22×DAN340 F6:7 代群体为材料,在10号染色体上定位到1个NBS-LRR类玉米南方锈病抗性基因RppK,并且证明其与效应蛋白AvrRppK互作介导的PTI抗性机制。【本研究切入点】多堆柄锈菌是引起玉米南方锈病的病原菌,主要在温度相对较高的区域过冬繁殖,并且只能活体寄生。广西属于热带亚热带气候,为多堆柄锈菌的生存提供了有利条件,造成玉米南方锈病大面积暴发,同时在长期的自然选择过程中也进化出许多抗性种质资源。因此,亟需利用广西特殊的气候和资源条件,开展玉米南方锈病抗性精准鉴定和QTL定位,为玉米生产提供更多的抗性基因和种源。【拟解决的关键问题】以高抗玉米南方锈病自交系S311与高感玉米南方锈病自交系HY813杂交获得F2代群体为研究对象,基于单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分子标记绘制其高密度遗传连锁图谱,结合田间玉米南方锈病抗性表型数据进行玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位和抗性候选基因筛选,为后续开展分子标记辅助育种和玉米抗病性状的遗传调控机制研究打下基础。
自交系S311属于热带玉米种质,对玉米南方锈病抗性达到高抗水平;自交系HY813属于温带玉米种质,高感玉米南方锈病。自交系S311和HY813均由本课题组收集保存。以玉米自交系S311为父本,自交系HY813为母本构建F2代遗传定位群体。主要试剂:FastPure Universal Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit和HiScript II Q RT SuperMix for qPCR(+gDNA wiper)RNA逆转录试剂盒购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司、TB Green® Premix Ex TaqTM II FAST qPCR试剂盒购自宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司。主要设备仪器:NanoDrop 2000 超微量核酸蛋白分析仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司);LightCycler® 480 II实时荧光定量PCR系统(Roche公司)。
田间试验在广西农业科学院明阳基地(广西南宁)进行。2024年8月,将F2代群体及2个亲本自交系S311和HY813种植于试验田中,行长5 m,行距0.7 m,种植密度为57100株/ha。播种前和小喇叭口期前施用复合肥(氮∶磷∶钾=15∶15∶15,300.0 kg/ha),在大喇叭口期施用尿素(氮∶磷∶钾=46∶0∶0,150.0 kg/ha),田间管理略高于当地大田生产。为了精准鉴定F2代群体对玉米南方锈病的抗性等级,高感玉米南方锈病自交系HY813种植于F2代群体相邻行之间,以便更好地传播玉米南方锈病病原菌。同时分别收集明阳基地及广西横州市南方锈病玉米叶片,用纯净水洗脱带有病原菌叶片,配制成1×105孢子/mL的孢子粉悬浮液,并向悬浮液加入0.1%的吐温20。玉米抽雄期后,利用喷雾器将孢子粉悬浮液喷洒到F2代群体和2个亲本每个植株的叶片上,确保每片叶子上均有孢子液自然流下。间隔5 d后再次进行病原菌接种,连续接种3次。最后一次接种20 d后,根据NY/T 1248.14—2021《玉米抗病虫性鉴定技术规范第14部分:南方锈病》的方法记录F2代群体各株系的发病级别,叶片发病面积占比分为1级(无病斑或仅有夏孢子堆的过敏反应)、3级(≤25%)、5级(26%~50%)、7级(51%~75%)、9级(≥76%)。其中1级为高抗玉米南方锈病,3级为抗玉米南方锈病,5级为中抗玉米南方锈病,7级为感玉米南方锈病,9级为高感玉米南方锈病。
于玉米大喇叭口期取2个亲本和F2代群体单株叶片提取DNA。DNA样品送至北京中玉金标记生物技术股份有限公司,利用玉米10K SNP芯片(含9433个SNP标记)进行基因型检测。根据亲本基因型提取SNP标记,进行卡方检验筛除显著偏分离的标记(P<0.05)。用find bis命令对各分子标记进行bin划分,同时使用JoinMap 4.0进行SNP连锁图谱构建。以LOD值为5.0和重组分数为0.4创建连锁群,采用回归算法和科桑比映射函数,将重组分数转换为以cM为单位的遗传距离,并利用开源R包LinkageMapView绘制遗传连锁图谱(Ouellette et al.,2018) 。
QTL分析通过2种方法进行:一种是在Windows QTL Cartgrapher 2.5中使用复合区间作图法(CIM);另一种是在开源R包QTL.gCIMapping. GUI_1.1中使用全基因组复合区间作图法(GCIM)(Wen et al.,2019)。对于CIM,在模型6中进行窗口大小为5 cM且以5个标记作为背景控制因素的前向—后向逐步回归。LOD阈值是通过3000次置换计算得出。对于GCIM,应用具有受限估计极大似然(REML)函数的随机模型,通过邻域方法完成GCIM,且LOD设置为默认值2.5。这2种方法的步长均为1 cM。
利用BLAST软件将关联区间内的各基因序列与GO(Lewis et al.,2000)、KEGG(Kanehisa et al.,2004)、UniProt(Apweiler et al.,2004)、NR(邓泱泱等,2006)及eggNOG(Huerta-Cepas et al.,2017)共5个功能数据库进行比对,确定发生突变的基因功能。
使用FastPure Universal Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit提取玉米南方锈病病原菌前的叶片及接种后叶片的总RNA,并使用HiScript II Q RT SuperMix for qPCR(+gDNA wiper)将总RNA反转录合成cDNA。使用Primer 3 plus(http://www.primer3plus.com/)设计4个候选基因的特异性引物(表1)。以cDNA为模板、GAPDH作为内参基因,利用TB Green® Premix Ex TaqTM II FAST qPCR试剂盒对4个候选基因的相对表达量进行实时荧光定量PCR检测。反应体系15.0 μL:TB Green Premix Ex Taq II 7.5 μL,上、下游引物各0.5 μL,cDNA模板2.0 μL,无RNA /DNA酶水补足至15.0 μL。将配制好的反应体系置于罗氏480实时荧光定量PCR仪。扩增程序:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 10 s,进行40个循环。采用2-∆∆Ct法,利用Graphpad Prism 11.0进行单因素方差分析并作图。
玉米南方锈病病原菌接种后20 d,对2个亲本和F2代群体单株的发病等级及表型变异进行鉴定和评价,结果(表2)显示,父本S311的病害等级为1级,高抗玉米南方锈病,母本HY813的病害等级为9级,高感玉米南方锈病;F2代群体186个单株病害等级为1~9级,其中玉米南方锈病抗性的广义遗传力达91.71%。
利用Affymetrix标记总数为10K的SNP芯片对2个亲本(S311、HY813)及186个F2代群体单株进行检测。首先,从10K SNP芯片数据中选取3227个在S311和HY813之间表现出多态性的SNP标记;其次,根据卡方拟合度检验进行筛选后,剔除116个表现出严重分离的SNP标记,并去除8个未定位SNP标记;最后,利用剩余3103个SNP标记构建遗传连锁图谱,该图谱总长度为3607.39 cM,标记之间的平均遗传距离为1.16 cM。各连锁群的遗传距离为278.13 cM(10号染色体)~448.14 cM(1号染色体),每条染色体的平均遗传距离为0.91 cM(1号染色体)~2.42 cM(10号染色体)(图1表3)。
通过CIM在1号染色体和3号染色体上各检测到2个玉米南方锈病抗性QTL位点(图2)。其中效应最大的QTL位点qSCR3-1(LOD值为61.1)位于3号染色体上,两侧SNP标记为AX86244907和AX862424973,表型变异解释率为25.6%;QTL位点qSCR3-2(LOD值为27.3)也位于3号染色体上,表型变异解释率为10.0%(表4)。另外2个QTL位点LOD值相对较小,qSCR1-1(两侧SNP标记为AX86285795和AX86265669)和qSCR1-2(两侧SNP标记为AX86280535和AX86265675)的表型变异解释率分别为0.6%和2.9%(表4)。
通过GCIM在3号染色体上检测到2个玉米南方锈病抗性QTL位点(图3)。其中效应值最大的QTL位点qSCR3-1(LOD值为59.9),两侧SNP标记为AX86244907和AX86244973,与CIM定位到的QTL位点相同,但表型变异解释率较高,达64.4%;QTL位点qSCR3-2(LOD值为40.0),两侧SNP标记为AX86289432和AX86289448,表型变异解释率为16.5%(表4)。
基于构建的高密度遗传图谱,利用GCIM和CIM均在3号染色体相同位置定位到2个玉米南方锈病抗性QTL位点(qSCR3-1qSCR3-2)。qSCR3-1位点的物理区间为150.17~156.32 Mb,区间内包含72个基因。利用GO、KEGG、UniProt、NR和eggNOG等5个功能数据库对这些基因进行功能分析,结果发现1个与植物抗病性相关的基因Zm00001d042214SRC2)(表5)。qSCR3-2位点的物理区间为144.67~148.71 Mb,区间内包含67个基因。利用GO、KEGG、UniProt、NR和eggNOG等5个功能数据库对这些基因进行功能分析,结果发现3个与植物抗病性相关的基因Zm00001d041994LRR)、Zm00001d042013LECRK1)、Zm00001d042051LRR-RLKs)(表5)。
为了进一步明确玉米南方锈病与Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051基因的相关性,采用实时荧光定量PCR对S311和HY813接种玉米南方锈病病原菌前(CK)及接种24 h后4个基因在叶片中的相对表达量进行检测(图4),结果发现,接种后Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051基因在S311叶片中的相对表达量均较CK极显著升高(P<0.0001);而HY813接种后,Zm00001d 042214在叶片中的相对表达量与CK无显著变化(P>0.05)、Zm00001d042013在叶片中的相对表达量较CK极显著升高(P<0.01)、Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042051在叶片中的相对表达量均较CK极显著升高(P<0.0001)。综上所述,Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d 042051可能是自交系S311抗玉米南方锈病候选基因。
目前大量与玉米南方锈病抗性相关的QTL位点已被广泛报道,这些位点在玉米的10条染色体上均有分布(Wanlayaporn et al.,2013Zhou et al.,2018陈文娟等,2019)。然而,大量QTL位点集中分布在1号(Wanlayaporn et al.,2013)、4号(Deng et al.,2019Deng et al.,2020)、6号(Lu et al.,2020)、8号(陈文娟等,2019)、9号(Wanlayaporn et al.,2013Deng et al.,2019)及10号染色体(Holland et al.,1998Chen et al.,2004Wanlayaporn et al.,2013)上。其中10号染色体上的QTL位点成簇分布,并且很多基因已被克隆(Chen et al.,2022Deng et al.,2022)。4号染色体上的QTL位点qSCR4.01被定位到770 kb的区间内(Deng et al.,2020)。6号染色体上的主效QTL位点qSCR6.01被定位到标记Y6q77和Y6q79之间,物理距离为77.6~79.6 Mb(Lu et al.,2020)。但目前在3号染色体仅定位到2个QTL位点,且其表型变异解释率不超过3.5%(陈文娟等,2019Lu et al.,2020)。本研究通过2种QTL定位方法,在3号染色体上鉴定到2个稳定的主效QTL位点(qSCR3-1qSCR3-2),其表型变异解释率分别为64.4%和16.5%。本研究定位到3号染色体上的2个QTL位点,是新的位点且表型解释率较高,可进一步通过构建RIL群体,对QTL位点进行精细定位并挖掘相关抗性基因。
植物与病原菌在长期对抗中协同进化,形成了复杂的互作关系。其中,植物通过进化出抗病基因来识别和抵抗病原菌的侵染。SRC2是一类含有C2结构域的植物蛋白,通过感知钙信号、调节活性氧爆发等多种机制,在植物抵御病原体入侵的免疫反应中发挥关键调控作用(Kim et al.,2008)。辣椒SRC2-1与效应蛋白PcINF1互作,提高了辣椒对疫霉的抗病性(Liu et al.,2015)。此外,在大豆中过表达GmSRC2基因后大豆疫霉的抗性明显提高(Deng et al.,2024)。本研究通过生物信息学分析在QTL位点qSCR3-1筛选到1个SRC2类基因Zm00001d042214,其可能在玉米自交系S311南方锈病抗性中发挥重要作用。
LRR是植物多种抗病蛋白的核心结构元件,主要通过精确识别病原信号,将识别信息转化为胞内防御信号,在植物的多层免疫系统中发挥关键作用(Hao et al.,2025)。在番茄中,I基因编码一种富含亮氨酸重复序列的受体样蛋白(LRR-RLP),该蛋白赋予植物对番茄专化型尖孢镰刀菌的抗性,该病原菌是引起番茄枯萎病的致病因子(Catanzariti et al.,2017)。凝集素类受体蛋白激酶1(LECRK1)是一类定位于细胞质膜的植物免疫受体,通过识别病原菌相关分子模式(PAMP)或内源危险信号,启动植物的基础免疫反应(PTI)(Gilardoni et al.,2011)。在玉米中有一种G型凝集素受体激酶ZmLecRK1,是茎腐病病原菌的抗性蛋白(Liu et al.,2025)。此外,在番茄中过表达LECRK1基因提高了其对尖孢镰刀菌的抗性(Yue et al.,2022)。本研究在QTL位点qSCR3-2筛选到2个富含LRR序列的基因Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042051,以及1个LECRK1基因Zm0000 1d042013,推测其与玉米自交系S311南方锈病抗性相关,但具体是哪个基因发挥更重要作用,需要通过精细定位和功能验证进一步确定。
利用10K SNP芯片构建了HY813×S311 F2代群体的遗传连锁图谱,鉴定出2个新的玉米南方锈病抗性主效QTL(qSCR3-1qSCR3-2)。在主效QTL定位区间内共鉴定到4个与抗病相关的候选基因Zm00001d042214Zm00001d041994Zm00001d042013Zm00001d042051

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2026年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2026.06.013
  • 接收时间:2026-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-30
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    1广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西 南宁 530007

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覃嘉明(1980-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4722-4939,副研究员,主要从事玉米分子育种研究工作,E-mail:
周步进(1985-),https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-8411,副研究员,主要从事玉米分子育种研究工作,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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