麦类作物学报

小麦三雌蕊性状早期鉴定分子标记的开发与辅助选择应用

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景帆 ¹ , 国钰环 ¹^,² , 易红 ¹ , 杨在君 ¹

麦类作物学报 | 遗传育种 2026,46(10): 1313-1319

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麦类作物学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 46 (10) : 1313 -1319

小麦三雌蕊性状早期鉴定分子标记的开发与辅助选择应用

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景帆¹, 国钰环¹^,², 易红¹, 杨在君¹

作者信息

^1.西华师范大学生命科学学院西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室，四川南充　637000

^2.四川农业大学小麦研究所，四川成都　611130

通讯作者:

E-mail：yangzaijun1@126.com（杨在君）

作者简介:

E-mail：15328885327@163.com（景帆）

Development of Molecular Markers for Early Identification of the Three-Pistil Trait in Wheat and Their Application in Marker-Assisted Selection

Fan Jing¹, Yuhuan Guo¹^,², Hong Yi¹, Zaijun Yang¹

Affiliations

^1.College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resource Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China

^2.Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China

出版时间: 2026-10-15 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.05

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摘要

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小麦三雌蕊突变体（Triticum aestivum L. with three pistils，TP）具有3个正常的雄蕊和3个可育的雌蕊，可形成2~3粒种子，能显著提高穗粒数，开发用于其性状早期精准鉴定的分子标记对辅助选择育种具有重要价值。本研究基于三雌蕊小麦2D染色体589.7~590.1 Mb区域特有结构变异，通过提取缺失区域及断点序列，分别设计靶向正常单雌蕊基因组保守的引物（SP）和跨越变异断点的引物（SV），经Fielder×TP的F₃群体PCR验证，获得4个特异性标记（SP1、SP2、SV1、SV2）。以23个三雌蕊小麦分离世代群体及其亲本（共255份试验材料）为对象，通过PCR扩增结合田间表型鉴定建立早期分子鉴定体系，并进一步验证分子标记辅助选择的有效性。结果表明，开发的SP1和SP2引物对可特异性鉴定单雌蕊小麦，SV1和SV2引物对可特异性鉴定三雌蕊小麦，两组分子标记相互验证可有效降低检测误差。利用开发的特异性标记对255份材料的分子检测结果与田间表型鉴定结果一致性达96.08%。基于染色体特异结构变异开发的分子标记具有较好的特异性与稳定性，可在苗期实现目标性状的早期精准鉴定，为三雌蕊小麦分子标记辅助选择育种及遗传资源挖掘利用提供技术支撑。

关键词

三雌蕊小麦 / 分子标记 / 早期鉴定

Abstract

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Triticum aestivum L. with three pistils (TP) is characterized by three normal stamens and three fertile pistils, which can produce 2~3 seeds per floret and significantly increase the number of grains per spike. Therefore, developing specific molecular markers for early and accurate identification of the three-pistil trait is of great significance for marker-assisted selection breeding. Based on the unique structural variation in the 589.7~590.1 Mb region of chromosome 2D in three-pistil wheat, we extracted the deleted region and breakpoint sequences, and designed primers targeting the conserved sequences of normal single pistil wheat genome (SP1, SP2) and primers spanning the variant breakpoints (SV1, SV2), respectively. After PCR validation of their specificity in the Fielder×TP F₃ population, four specific markers were obtained. Subsequently, using 23 segregating populations of three-pistil wheat and their parents (a total of 255 experimental materials) as subjects, we established an early molecular identification system and verified the effectiveness of marker-assisted selection through PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis, combined with field phenotypic investigation. The results showed that primer pairs SP1 and SP2 could specifically identify normal single pistil wheat genotype, whereas SV1 and SV2 were effective for distinguishing three-pistil wheat materials. Mutual validation between the two sets of markers confirmed the genotyping results and effectively reduced detection errors. The consistency between molecular detection results of the 255 materials using the developed markers and field phenotypic identification reached 96.08%. The molecular markers developed from chromosome-specific structural variations demonstrated high specificity and stability, enabling accurate early screening at the seedling stage. These markers provide valuable technical support for marker-assisted breeding and germplasm exploitation of three-pistil wheat.

Key words

Three-pistil wheat / Molecular marker / Early identification

引用本文

景帆, 国钰环, 易红, 杨在君. 小麦三雌蕊性状早期鉴定分子标记的开发与辅助选择应用. 麦类作物学报, 2026 , 46 (10) : 1313 -1319 . DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.05

Fan Jing, Yuhuan Guo, Hong Yi, Zaijun Yang. Development of Molecular Markers for Early Identification of the Three-Pistil Trait in Wheat and Their Application in Marker-Assisted Selection[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2026 , 46 (10) : 1313 -1319 . DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.05

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(32272066)
四川省自然科学基金项目(2025ZNSFSC0156)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第10期

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文章信息

doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.05

接收时间：2026-04-21
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-10-15

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出版历史

收稿日期：2026-04-21
修回日期：2026-06-17

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(32272066)

四川省自然科学基金项目(2025ZNSFSC0156)

作者信息

^1.西华师范大学生命科学学院西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室，四川南充　637000

^2.四川农业大学小麦研究所，四川成都　611130

通讯作者:

E-mail：yangzaijun1@126.com（杨在君）

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/mlzwxb/CN/10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.05

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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