麦类作物学报

氮密调控下小麦茎蘖的“源-库”协调机制研究

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马瑞琦 ¹ , 刘阿康 ² , 徐哲莉 ³ , 王德梅 ¹ , 王艳杰 ¹ , 刘希伟 ¹ , 陶志强 ¹ , 刘影 ¹ , 李辉利 ³ , 李勇 ⁴ , 王振林 ⁴ , 赵广才 ¹ , 常旭虹 ¹

麦类作物学报 | 生理、生态与栽培 2026,46(10): 1373-1386

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麦类作物学报 |生理、生态与栽培 2026 , 46 (10) : 1373 -1386

氮密调控下小麦茎蘖的“源-库”协调机制研究

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马瑞琦¹, 刘阿康², 徐哲莉³, 王德梅¹, 王艳杰¹, 刘希伟¹, 陶志强¹, 刘影¹, 李辉利³, 李勇⁴, 王振林⁴, 赵广才¹, 常旭虹¹

作者信息

^1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京　100081

^2.全国农业技术推广服务中心粮食作物技术处，北京　100125

^3.石家庄市农林科学研究院赵县实验基地，河北石家庄　051530

^4.山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安　271018

通讯作者:

E-mail：changxuhong@caas.cn（常旭虹）

zhaogc1@163.com（赵广才）

作者简介:

E-mail：18234475334@163.com（马瑞琦）

2291594066@qq.com（刘阿康）

Study on the “Source-Sink” Coordination Mechanism of Wheat Stems and Tillers under Nitrogen-Density Management

Ruiqi Ma¹, Akang Liu², Zheli Xu³, Demei Wang¹, Yanjie Wang¹, Xiwei Liu¹, Zhiqiang Tao¹, Ying Liu¹, Huili Li³, Yong Li⁴, Zhenlin Wang⁴, Guangcai Zhao¹, Xuhong Chang¹

Affiliations

^1.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China

^2.National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Beijing 100081, China

^3.Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Zhaoxian Experimental Base, Zhaoxian, Hebei 051530, China

^4.Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China

出版时间: 2026-10-15 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.12

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摘要

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为明确栽培措施对小麦分蘖生产力的影响机理及品种间响应差异，通过裂区设计，探究了不同施氮量与种植密度对大穗型品种师栾02-1与多穗型品种泰山27茎蘖光合性能、氮代谢酶活性及穗粒重的效应。结果表明，氮肥与密度通过调控“源-库”关系影响小麦群体质量，其效应在品种间存在显著差异。品种间比较，师栾02-1对氮素更敏感，施氮后，其强势粒的GS活性增幅（9.6%~30.0%）明显高于泰山27（1.2%~11.6%）；泰山27光合性能更稳定，其旗叶光合速率（P_n）绝对值更高，且花后P_n维持率（77.5%~83.6%）显著高于师栾02-1（71.5%~78.3%），说明多穗型品种可维持较长的群体“源”时长。增加密度导致两个品种的穗粒重均下降，但师栾02-1高位蘖（如3N）的穗粒重降幅更大，高达88.0%；泰山27的分蘖成穗能力更强，在高密度下虽穗粒重下降，但成穗率较高。综上所述，师栾02-1在“中低密度、高氮”条件下，通过充分发挥其氮素响应潜力，实现单穗产量与总产量的最大化；而泰山27则更适合在“中高密度、适氮”条件下，利用其较强的分蘖优势，实现群体产量的稳定。因此，实现小麦高产高效栽培，必须基于品种的源-库特性，实施差异化的氮密运筹策略。

关键词

小麦 / 施氮量 / 种植密度 / 穗粒重 / 分蘖成穗

Abstract

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To clarify the mechanisms by which cultivation measures affect wheat tiller productivity and the differential responses between varieties, a split-plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates and planting densities. The study focused on a large-spike variety, Shiluan 02-1, and a multi-spike variety, Taishan 27, analyzing stem-tiller photosynthetic performance, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, and grain weight per spike. The results indicated that nitrogen and density regulate population quality by modulating “source-sink” relationships, with significant varietal differences observed. Shiluan 02-1 exhibited higher sensitivity to nitrogen. Following nitrogen application, the increase in glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in its dominant grains (9.6%-30.0%) was significantly greater than that in Taishan 27(1.2%-11.6%). Conversely, Taishan 27 demonstrated more stable photosynthetic performance, maintaining higher absolute flag leaf photosynthetic rates (P_n). Its post-anthesis P_n maintenance rate was significantly higher (77.5%-83.6%) compared to Shiluan 02-1(71.5%-78.3%), indicating that the multi-spike variety can sustain a longer duration of population “source” activity. Increased planting density reduced grain weight per spike for both varieties; however, the reduction was more drastic for high-position tillers (e.g., 3N) in Shiluan 02-1, reaching up to 88.0%. Taishan 27 possessed a stronger tiller-to-spike conversion ability; although individual spike weight decreased under high density, it maintained a higher spike formation rate. In summary, Shiluan 02-1 maximizes yield under “medium-low density and high nitrogen” conditions by fully exploiting its nitrogen response potential. In contrast, Taishan 27 is better suited for “medium-high density and moderate nitrogen” conditions, utilizing its tillering advantage to ensure stable population yield. Therefore, achieving high-yield and high-efficiency wheat cultivation requires differentiated nitrogen and density management strategies tailored to the specific source-sink characteristics of each variety.

Key words

Wheat / Nitrogen application / Planting density / Grain weight per spike / Tillering and panicle formation

引用本文

马瑞琦, 刘阿康, 徐哲莉, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 刘希伟, 陶志强, 刘影, 李辉利, 李勇, 王振林, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 氮密调控下小麦茎蘖的“源-库”协调机制研究. 麦类作物学报, 2026 , 46 (10) : 1373 -1386 . DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.12

Ruiqi Ma, Akang Liu, Zheli Xu, Demei Wang, Yanjie Wang, Xiwei Liu, Zhiqiang Tao, Ying Liu, Huili Li, Yong Li, Zhenlin Wang, Guangcai Zhao, Xuhong Chang. Study on the “Source-Sink” Coordination Mechanism of Wheat Stems and Tillers under Nitrogen-Density Management[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2026 , 46 (10) : 1373 -1386 . DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.12

基金

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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300202)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-16)
国家自然科学基金项目(32071952)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第10期

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文章信息

doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.10.12

接收时间：2025-09-10
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-10-15

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-09-10
修回日期：2025-09-25

基金

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300202)

国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-16)

国家自然科学基金项目(32071952)

作者信息

^1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京　100081

^2.全国农业技术推广服务中心粮食作物技术处，北京　100125

^3.石家庄市农林科学研究院赵县实验基地，河北石家庄　051530

^4.山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安　271018

通讯作者:

E-mail：changxuhong@caas.cn（常旭虹）

zhaogc1@163.com（赵广才）

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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