Article(id=1305136290870096591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1303687221787852879, issueId=1305136200847740945, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.05.02, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764691200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-03, revisedDate=1774886400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789098340003, onlineDateStr=2026-09-11, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789098340003, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789098340003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789098340003, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1305136200847740945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1303687221787852879, year='2026', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='F2', pageEnd='706', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789098318540, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789103109806, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305156296924222402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1303687221787852879, issueId=1305136200847740945, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305156296924222403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1303687221787852879, issueId=1305136200847740945, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=576, endPage=583, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1305136291092394704, articleId=1305136290870096591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1303687221787852879, language=EN, title=Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the TIR Gene Family in Wheat and Thinopyrum Species, columnId=1305133119129023428, journalTitle=Journal of Triticeae Crops, columnName=Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Proteins containing the toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain are critical components of the plant immune system. However, the TIR gene family in wheat and its wild relative Thinopyrum species remains poorly characterized. In this study, we systematically identified the TIR genes in common wheat, Thinopyrum elongatum, Thinopyrum intermedium, and Thinopyrum ponticum by using genome and RNA-seq data, and further analyzed their evolutionary relationships and expression patterns. The results showed that TIR genes in common wheat, Th.elongatum, and Th.intermedium are highly conserved in both number and structure, with each subgenome containing four members (TIR1, TNP1, TNP2, and TNP3). In contrast, a significant expansion of TIR genes occurred in Th. ponticum, where 54 TIR genes were identified; the greatest expansion was observed in the TpTIR1 clade. Expression profiling showed that TNP1 genes are highly and constitutively expressed across various tissues, suggesting their involvement in plant growth and development. Conversely, TIR1 genes were barely expressed under infection of powdery mildew and stripe rust, but were strongly induced by Fusarium graminearum inoculation. Collectively, our findings reveal the constitution and evolutionary characteristics of TIR genes in wheat and Thinopyrum species, and provide a foundation for investigating the functional divergence of this gene family.

, authors=Ziyi QIN^{1, 2}, Jiaojiao LIU², Hongqing LING², Shengwei MA², authorsList=Ziyi QIN, Jiaojiao LIU, Hongqing LING, Shengwei MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shengwei MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1305136291323081425, articleId=1305136290870096591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1303687221787852879, language=CN, title=小麦和偃麦草TIR基因家族的系统鉴定与表达分析, columnId=1305133119284212678, journalTitle=麦类作物学报, columnName=遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

含toll/白介素-1受体（TIR）结构域的基因是植物免疫系统的重要组分。然而，小麦和偃麦草中TIR基因家族迄今尚缺乏系统研究。本研究基于基因组和转录组数据，对普通小麦、二倍体长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草及十倍体长穗偃麦草中的TIR基因进行了系统鉴定，并分析了它们的进化关系与表达模式。结果表明，普通小麦、二倍体及中间偃麦草的TIR基因在数量和结构上高度保守，每个亚基因组均包含4个成员（TIR1、TNP1、TNP2和TNP3）。十倍体长穗偃麦草基因组中，TIR基因发生了显著扩张，共鉴定出54个，其中尤以TpTIR1类基因发生了大量扩张。经表达谱分析，TNP1基因在多种组织中呈高丰度组成型表达，说明该类基因可能参与调控植物生长发育；TIR1基因在接种白粉菌和条锈菌时几乎不表达，而在禾谷镰刀菌侵染后表达显著上调。研究结果揭示了小麦和偃麦草TIR基因家族的组成和进化特征，为进一步研究TIR基因家族的功能分化提供了重要线索。

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E-mail: 934017001@qq.com（秦子怡）

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E-mail: 934017001@qq.com（秦子怡）

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