麦类作物学报

2010-2024年江苏淮南麦区省审小麦品种表型性状及亲缘关系分析

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宋桂成 ¹^,² , 张鹏 ¹^,²^,³ , 徐瑶 ⁴ , 王化敦 ¹^,² , 姜朋 ¹^,² , 何漪 ¹^,²^,³

麦类作物学报 | 遗传育种 2026,46(2): 216-225

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麦类作物学报 |遗传育种 2026 , 46 (2) : 216 -225

2010-2024年江苏淮南麦区省审小麦品种表型性状及亲缘关系分析

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宋桂成¹^,², 张鹏¹^,²^,³, 徐瑶⁴, 王化敦¹^,², 姜朋¹^,², 何漪¹^,²^,³

作者信息

^1．江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，江苏南京 210014

^2．生物育种钟山实验室，江苏南京 210014

^3．江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009

^4．江苏省种子管理站，江苏南京 210036

通讯作者:

E-mail: heyi_yihe@163.com（何漪）

作者简介:

E-mail: schgui@163.com（宋桂成）

Phenotypic Trait and Genetic Relationships of Wheat Varieties in Huainan Area of Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2024

Guicheng SONG¹^,², Peng ZHANG¹^,²^,³, Yao XU⁴, Huadun WANG¹^,², Peng JIANG¹^,², Yi HE¹^,²^,³

Affiliations

^1.Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China

^2.Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China

^3.Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China

^4.Seed Administration Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China

出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.02.08

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摘要

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为给江苏省淮南高产优质绿色小麦新品种选育提供参考，对2010-2024年江苏省审定的116个淮南麦区小麦品种的农艺性状（生育期、株高、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、抗病性）和品质性状进行了系统分析，追溯品种的系谱信息，利用亲缘关系和聚类分析对其遗传关系进行探讨。结果表明，2010-2024年江苏淮南麦区审定小麦品种的农艺性状和品质性状呈现显著改良趋势，平均生育期207 d，较早期品种缩短3~5 d；株高稳定在80~88 cm之间，平均84.51 cm；产量三要素中，每公顷穗数增加4.31%，千粒重提高9.64%，穗粒数保持相对稳定；品质改良向中强筋方向发展，中强筋小麦品种明显增多。抗病性方面，保持中抗赤霉病，白粉病和黄花叶病毒病抗性增强，但抗纹枯病的品种仍较为缺乏。经遗传关系分析，116个品种的6 670对组合的遗传相似系数（COP）变化范围为0~0.66，平均COP为0.32。基于亲缘关系的聚类分析将供试小麦品种划分为4个类群，其中宁麦9号、宁麦13、扬麦158、镇麦9号和镇麦168等骨干亲本及其衍生品种构成三大核心群，含86.21%的审定品种。综合来看，江苏省淮南麦区品种的产量和品质性状有显著提升，但遗传基础相对狭窄，宁麦9号、扬麦158、镇麦9号等骨干亲本被反复利用，新的外源亲本引入较少，致江苏省淮南育成品种的遗传多样性不足。

关键词

江苏淮南 / 亲缘系数 / 系谱 / 抗病性 / 小麦品种

Abstract

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To provide a reference for breeding high-yield, high-quality, and green wheat varieties in the Huainan region of Jiangsu, this study conducted a systematic analysis of agronomic traits (growth period, plant height, spike number, grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and disease resistance) and quality traits of 116 wheat varieties approved in Jiangsu from 2010 to 2024. The pedigree information of these varieties was traced, and their genetic relationships were studied using phylogenetic and cluster analysis. The results showed that agronomic traits and quality of the approved wheat varieties in the Huainan region from 2010 to 2024 exhibited significant improvement trends. The average growth period of varieties was 207 days, a decrease of 3 to 5 days compared to early-maturity varieties; plant height remained stable at 80-88 cm, averaging 84.51 cm. Among the three yield components, spike number per hm² increased by 4.31%, thousand-kernel weight improved by 9.64%, and grains per spike remained relatively stable. Quality improvements shifted toward medium to strong gluten, with a notable increase in medium to strong gluten wheat varieties. In terms of disease resistance, varieties maintained moderate resistance to fusarium head blight, but showed enhanced resistance to powdery mildew and yellow mosaic virus disease. However, varieties resistant to sharp eyespot remained relatively scarce. Genetic relationship analysis revealed that the genetic similarity coefficients of parentage (COP) for 6 670 pairs among the 116 varieties ranged from 0 to 0.66, with an average COP of 0.32. Cluster analysis based on phylogenetic relationships divided the tested wheat varieties into four groups, with key parental varieties such as Ningmai 9, Ningmai 13, Yangmai 158, Zhenmai 9, and Zhenmai 168 forming three major core clusters, accounting for 86.21% of the approved varieties. The study indicated that while yield and quality traits of varieties in the Huainan region of Jiangsu have significantly improved, but their genetic foundation remains relatively narrow. The repeated utilization of key parental varieties like Ningmai 9, Yangmai 158, and Zhenmai 9, along with limited incorporation of new external parents, has led to insufficient genetic diversity in the developed varieties of the Huainan region in Jiangsu.

Key words

Jiangsu huainan / Coefficient of parentage / Pedigree / Disease resistance / Wheat varieties

引用本文

宋桂成, 张鹏, 徐瑶, 王化敦, 姜朋, 何漪. 2010-2024年江苏淮南麦区省审小麦品种表型性状及亲缘关系分析. 麦类作物学报, 2026 , 46 (2) : 216 -225 . DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.02.08

Guicheng SONG, Peng ZHANG, Yao XU, Huadun WANG, Peng JIANG, Yi HE. Phenotypic Trait and Genetic Relationships of Wheat Varieties in Huainan Area of Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2024[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2026 , 46 (2) : 216 -225 . DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.02.08

基金

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国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1201102)
国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-57)
江苏省农业科学院科研基金项目(KYJJ（25）0301)

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2026年第46卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.02.08

接收时间：2025-08-18
首发时间：2026-09-11
出版时间：2026-02-15

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-08-18
修回日期：2025-11-07

基金

国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1201102)

国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-57)

江苏省农业科学院科研基金项目(KYJJ（25）0301)

作者信息

^1．江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，江苏南京 210014

^2．生物育种钟山实验室，江苏南京 210014

^3．江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009

^4．江苏省种子管理站，江苏南京 210036

通讯作者:

E-mail: heyi_yihe@163.com（何漪）

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/mlzwxb/CN/10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2026.02.08

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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