Article(id=1243220384783384649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, issueId=1243220377556595432, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.15959/j.cnki.0254-0053.2025.03.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747756800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774336437649, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774336437649, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774336437649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774336437649, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243220377556595432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='541', pageEnd='810', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774336435926, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774336648182, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243221267898282005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, issueId=1243220377556595432, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243221267898282006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, issueId=1243220377556595432, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=715, endPage=723, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243220385089568848, articleId=1243220384783384649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, language=EN, title=Smoothed Finite Element Method for Natural Frequency Optimization of Functionally Graded Plates, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Optimization of the natural frequencies of exponential functionally graded plates is a critical issue in the engineering field, playing a vital role in enhancing the dynamic performance of plate structures. In response to this challenge, this paper presents an innovative optimization approach that synergistically integrates the smoothed finite element method (SFEM) with surrogate models, aiming to address the problem with both high efficiency and precision. Based on the first order shear deformation theory, a SFEM is established for free vibration analyses of functionally graded plates. During the computation of the system stiffness matrix, gradient smoothing operations are applied to bending strains within smoothed domains, effectively improving computational accuracy. To overcome the shear locking phenomenon, different interpolation forms are adopted to treat bending strains and shear strains separately. For natural frequency optimization, a series of sample points are selected, and their corresponding natural frequencies are calculated using the SFEM. Subsequently, a surrogate model is established to map the relationship between the gradient index and the natural frequencies. The golden section method is employed to determine the optimal gradient index that achieves preset natural frequency targets. Numerical examples demonstrate that the surrogate model based on piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation exhibits high computational accuracy. Moreover, the surrogate model-based optimization significantly reduces the number of SFEM frequency calculations required, substantially enhancing optimization efficiency. This approach provides an efficient and practical method for optimizing natural frequencies of exponential functionally graded plates.
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指数型功能梯度板的固有频率优化对提升结构动力学性能至关重要,本文提出一种融合光滑有限元法与代理模型的高效精确优化方法.基于一阶剪切变形理论,构建了功能梯度板自由振动分析的光滑有限元法.在计算系统刚度矩阵时,对光滑域内的弯曲应变进行梯度光滑操作,不仅避免了形函数导数的计算,而且提高了分析精度.通过在单元边中点独立插值剪切应变分量,弱化位移场与剪切应变的耦合,有效消除了剪切自锁现象.为实现对梯度指数的优化,首先采样并利用光滑有限元法计算样本点固有频率.随后,基于样本数据建立梯度指数与固有频率的代理模型,并采用黄金分割法优化梯度指数,使目标频率达到预设值.数值算例结果表明,基于分段三次Hermite插值的代理模型精度高,并且结合代理模型的优化策略显著减少了调用光滑有限元法的次数,大幅提升了优化效率,为指数型功能梯度板固有频率优化提供了高效实用的解决方案.
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陈莘莘,教授,博士.研究方向:计算力学与结构仿真.
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Layout of the functionally graded plate structure, figureFileSmall=/GbPEKtZaAz5maoiEIzS1Q==, figureFileBig=m6mRY+3Dn0iGe/MRhDZP3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220408393122641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
功能梯度板结构图, figureFileSmall=/GbPEKtZaAz5maoiEIzS1Q==, figureFileBig=m6mRY+3Dn0iGe/MRhDZP3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220408674141021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Quadrilateral element of functionally graded plate, figureFileSmall=ZIVo7n5G0KL3RCPwkd3XCw==, figureFileBig=BO1CDuW85an0qw+xlD/7fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220408778998627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
功能梯度板四边形单元, figureFileSmall=ZIVo7n5G0KL3RCPwkd3XCw==, figureFileBig=BO1CDuW85an0qw+xlD/7fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220408879661927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Distribution of Q4 elements, figureFileSmall=QEEqepzo72Yt0MNGKKC/Ww==, figureFileBig=y44qqlRlO1Vdf5mEEeQjyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220408980325231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
四节点四边形单元分布, figureFileSmall=QEEqepzo72Yt0MNGKKC/Ww==, figureFileBig=y44qqlRlO1Vdf5mEEeQjyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220409110348658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Comparison of computational accuracy for surrogate models in predicting natural frequency of functionally graded square plate
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| Number of sample points | Interpolation method |
|---|
| Piecewise cubic spline | Lagrange | Piecewise cubic Hermite |
|---|
| 5 | 1.216×10-3 | 3.068×10-2 | 1.116×10-6 |
| 6 | 9.097×10-5 | 2.321×10-2 | 5.152×10-7 |
| 7 | 7.134×10-6 | 6.740×10-2 | 2.514×10-7 |
| 8 | 6.974×10-7 | 3.980 | 5.020×10-8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1243220409374589815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
功能梯度方板固有频率代理模型的计算精度对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Number of sample points | Interpolation method |
|---|
| Piecewise cubic spline | Lagrange | Piecewise cubic Hermite |
|---|
| 5 | 1.216×10-3 | 3.068×10-2 | 1.116×10-6 |
| 6 | 9.097×10-5 | 2.321×10-2 | 5.152×10-7 |
| 7 | 7.134×10-6 | 6.740×10-2 | 2.514×10-7 |
| 8 | 6.974×10-7 | 3.980 | 5.020×10-8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1243220409483641725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Optimum results for the simply supported functionally graded square plate
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| Meshing | Algorithm | Objective dimensionless frequency  |
|---|
| 0.180 8 (n=0.5) | 0.163 3 (n=1) | 0.139 8 (n=4) |
|---|
| Result | Number of SFEM evaluation | Result | Number of SFEM evaluation | Result | Number of SFEM evaluation |
|---|
| 16×16 | Direct | 0.510 2 | 50 | 1.016 6 | 52 | 4.190 1 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.511 4 | 8 | 1.025 5 | 8 | 4.194 0 | 8 |
| 18×18 | Direct | 0.507 3 | 50 | 1.011 8 | 50 | 4.136 2 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.508 5 | 8 | 1.020 8 | 8 | 4.141 5 | 8 |
| 20×20 | Direct | 0.505 2 | 49 | 1.008 4 | 50 | 4.098 4 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.506 5 | 8 | 1.017 5 | 8 | 4.104 7 | 8 |
| 22×22 | Direct | 0.503 7 | 48 | 1.005 9 | 50 | 4.070 8 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.505 0 | 8 | 1.015 0 | 8 | 4.077 8 | 8 |
| 24×24 | Direct | 0.502 5 | 50 | 1.004 0 | 50 | 4.049 9 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.503 9 | 8 | 1.013 0 | 8 | 4.057 5 | 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1243220409752077187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
四边简支功能梯度方板的优化结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Meshing | Algorithm | Objective dimensionless frequency  |
|---|
| 0.180 8 (n=0.5) | 0.163 3 (n=1) | 0.139 8 (n=4) |
|---|
| Result | Number of SFEM evaluation | Result | Number of SFEM evaluation | Result | Number of SFEM evaluation |
|---|
| 16×16 | Direct | 0.510 2 | 50 | 1.016 6 | 52 | 4.190 1 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.511 4 | 8 | 1.025 5 | 8 | 4.194 0 | 8 |
| 18×18 | Direct | 0.507 3 | 50 | 1.011 8 | 50 | 4.136 2 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.508 5 | 8 | 1.020 8 | 8 | 4.141 5 | 8 |
| 20×20 | Direct | 0.505 2 | 49 | 1.008 4 | 50 | 4.098 4 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.506 5 | 8 | 1.017 5 | 8 | 4.104 7 | 8 |
| 22×22 | Direct | 0.503 7 | 48 | 1.005 9 | 50 | 4.070 8 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.505 0 | 8 | 1.015 0 | 8 | 4.077 8 | 8 |
| 24×24 | Direct | 0.502 5 | 50 | 1.004 0 | 50 | 4.049 9 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 0.503 9 | 8 | 1.013 0 | 8 | 4.057 5 | 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1243220409877906310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Optimum results for the clamped functionally graded circular plate
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| h/R |  | Algorithm | Result | Number of SFEM evaluation |
|---|
| 0.01 | 0.023 6 (n=1) | Direct | 1.017 4 | 54 |
| Surrogate | 1.027 1 | 8 |
| 0.2 | 8.653 5 (n=1) | Direct | 1.022 5 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 1.031 4 | 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1243220410070844300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220384783384649, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
固支功能梯度圆板的优化结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| h/R |  | Algorithm | Result | Number of SFEM evaluation |
|---|
| 0.01 | 0.023 6 (n=1) | Direct | 1.017 4 | 54 |
| Surrogate | 1.027 1 | 8 |
| 0.2 | 8.653 5 (n=1) | Direct | 1.022 5 | 50 |
| Surrogate | 1.031 4 | 8 |
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