Article(id=1243220381251780625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, issueId=1243220377556595432, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.15959/j.cnki.0254-0053.2025.03.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740585600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774336436808, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774336436808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774336436808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779263285994, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243220377556595432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='541', pageEnd='810', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774336435926, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774336648182, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243221267898282005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, issueId=1243220377556595432, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243221267898282006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, issueId=1243220377556595432, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=662, endPage=673, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243220381549576216, articleId=1243220381251780625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, language=EN, title=Research on Sensor Integration Process in Unbonded Flexible Pipes for Deep-Sea Mining, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study focuses on the integrated manufacturing process of sensors in unbonded flexible pipes for deep-sea mining engineering, investigating the sensor integration process with compensation reinforcement layers and their mechanical performance. A simulation model for the winding process of the compensation reinforcement layer in flexible pipes was established, systematically analyzing the influence patterns of winding tension and winding angles on sensor integration processes. Additionally, the effects of sensor quantity and winding angles on the tensile performance of integrated compensation reinforcement layers were explored. The results demonstrate that winding tension significantly affects sensor elongation rates, while winding angles predominantly influence stress distribution in the lining layer. The tensile performance of integrated compensation reinforcement layers shows minimal sensitivity to sensor quantity, and variations in winding angles within a specific range exhibit limited impact on anti-tensile properties. These findings reveal the correlation between sensor integration parameters and structural performance of flexible pipes, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing sensor integration processes in deep-sea flexible pipes.

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本文针对深海采矿工程中非粘结柔性管内传感器的集成制造工艺,研究传感器与补偿增强层的集成加工过程及其力学性能.建立柔性管补偿增强层的缠绕工艺仿真模型,系统分析了缠绕张紧力和缠绕角度对传感器缠绕工艺的影响规律,并探讨了传感器数量和缠绕角度对集成后补偿增强层抗拉性能的影响.结果表明:缠绕张紧力对传感器伸长率的影响显著,而缠绕角度对内衬层应力分布的影响更突出.集成后补偿增强层的拉伸性能受传感器数量影响较小,缠绕角度在一定范围内的变化对补偿增强层抗拉伸性能影响不大.研究结果揭示了传感器集成工艺参数与柔性管结构性能的关联性,为深海柔性管的传感器集成工艺优化提供了理论依据.

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柯燎亮,博士,教授.研究方向:智能材料与结构、多场耦合力学、元器件力学.E-mail:
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崔新雨,博士生.研究方向:多场耦合力学、电接触腐蚀研究.E-mail:

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崔新雨,博士生.研究方向:多场耦合力学、电接触腐蚀研究.E-mail:

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崔新雨,博士生.研究方向:多场耦合力学、电接触腐蚀研究.E-mail:

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Mechanics of composite[M]. Beijing: Beijing Tsinghua University Press, 2006: 267-299 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243220400864346596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, awardId=2022YFC2803703, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2803703), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243220387006365822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243220387014754431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, companyId=1243220387006365822, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243220387023143041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, companyId=1243220387006365822, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.天津大学 机械工程学院力学系,天津 300350)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243220387148972165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243220387157360774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, companyId=1243220387148972165, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Operation of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243220387165749385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, companyId=1243220387148972165, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.天津大学 水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津 300072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243220387438379147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243220387446767756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, companyId=1243220387438379147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.School of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243220387450962061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, companyId=1243220387438379147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243220392781922563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Placement of internal sensors in deep-sea mining flexible pipes, figureFileSmall=5rHdHP2KwaG+hoaoAI4AvQ==, figureFileBig=KIWUSN0YuFElHIpfP0ATYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220393171992839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图1, caption=柔性管内置传感器布放位置, figureFileSmall=5rHdHP2KwaG+hoaoAI4AvQ==, figureFileBig=KIWUSN0YuFElHIpfP0ATYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220393377513743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Simulation model of integrated processing technology for sensors and flexible pipes: (a) Overall structure; (b) Guide ring; (c) End of lining layer, figureFileSmall=24/CpWnL57iA+REa24kWMA==, figureFileBig=R8i0h/eR6KtKBOI5bOTHeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220393675309332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图2, caption=传感器缠绕工艺几何模型:(a)整体结构;(b)导向环;(c)内衬层端部, figureFileSmall=24/CpWnL57iA+REa24kWMA==, figureFileBig=R8i0h/eR6KtKBOI5bOTHeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220393780166935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Multi-layer structure simulation model of sensors, figureFileSmall=RW8p+QXJC/nw8036OFBt4g==, figureFileBig=ocQbUM6+SfWnmP6/S04gog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220394090545436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图3, caption=传感器绳束的多层结构, figureFileSmall=RW8p+QXJC/nw8036OFBt4g==, figureFileBig=ocQbUM6+SfWnmP6/S04gog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220394203791651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Boundary condition setting for winding process, figureFileSmall=0EaNao8WJmCj2LCPtZze0w==, figureFileBig=N0P/ldP6yynpIe7KnqOzPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220394371563815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图4, caption=缠绕工艺边界条件设置, figureFileSmall=0EaNao8WJmCj2LCPtZze0w==, figureFileBig=N0P/ldP6yynpIe7KnqOzPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220394673553710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Compensation enhancement layer and sensor winding simulation model, figureFileSmall=bORGtWJJWNnU0WgK+8kRKg==, figureFileBig=DuOTZfNyW9EBwJd/CyI+tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220394828742964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图5, caption=补偿增强层与传感器缠绕成型仿真模型, figureFileSmall=bORGtWJJWNnU0WgK+8kRKg==, figureFileBig=DuOTZfNyW9EBwJd/CyI+tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220394983932220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Boundary setting of compensation enhancement layer and sensor winding simulation model, figureFileSmall=uVU9Sqi85uL15ANQfyZdBw==, figureFileBig=6I7Ckr6qGhITzHPWPCANjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220395185258818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图6, caption=补偿增强层与传感器缠绕成型仿真模型边界设置, figureFileSmall=uVU9Sqi85uL15ANQfyZdBw==, figureFileBig=6I7Ckr6qGhITzHPWPCANjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220396292555084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Integrated process simulation results with a winding angle of 35 ° and a tension of 30 N, figureFileSmall=AQ4yVjGBIlIC8lvQ3cSehw==, figureFileBig=0RSUfwtohmIRzi3WdFrO+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220396783288663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图7, caption=缠绕角度35°张紧力30 N时缠绕工艺仿真结果, figureFileSmall=AQ4yVjGBIlIC8lvQ3cSehw==, figureFileBig=0RSUfwtohmIRzi3WdFrO+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220397055918432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Results when the number of optical fibers is 2, figureFileSmall=MU+8brWTTeR7RBJZf/nnMQ==, figureFileBig=4ys3uX+WhkQ8W4wTcWCZ7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220397202719080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=图8, caption=光纤数量为2根时结果, figureFileSmall=MU+8brWTTeR7RBJZf/nnMQ==, figureFileBig=4ys3uX+WhkQ8W4wTcWCZ7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243220397601177971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structural dimensions of sensor and flexible tube integrated processing process simulation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Structure nameComponentStructureSize/mmNumberHelix angle
LiningInside diameter 200
Outside diameter 224
1
Compensation reinforcement layer 1Optical fiberDiameter 0.125
Sensor cable bundleOuter sheathOutside diameter 2.52, 4, 635°, 45°, 54°
Aramid fiberThickness 0.25
Aramid ropeAramid fiberDiameter 3168, 166, 16435°, 45°, 54°
Compensation reinforcement layer 2Sensor cable bundleOptical fiberDiameter 0.125
Outer sheathOutside diameter 2.50-35°, -45°, -54°
Aramid ropeAramid fiberThickness 0.25
Aramid fiberDiameter 3170-35°, -45°, -54°
), ArticleFig(id=1243220397903167866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

传感器缠绕工艺仿真模型各结构尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Structure nameComponentStructureSize/mmNumberHelix angle
LiningInside diameter 200
Outside diameter 224
1
Compensation reinforcement layer 1Optical fiberDiameter 0.125
Sensor cable bundleOuter sheathOutside diameter 2.52, 4, 635°, 45°, 54°
Aramid fiberThickness 0.25
Aramid ropeAramid fiberDiameter 3168, 166, 16435°, 45°, 54°
Compensation reinforcement layer 2Sensor cable bundleOptical fiberDiameter 0.125
Outer sheathOutside diameter 2.50-35°, -45°, -54°
Aramid ropeAramid fiberThickness 0.25
Aramid fiberDiameter 3170-35°, -45°, -54°
), ArticleFig(id=1243220398024802691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Material parameters of the inner lining layer and compressive reinforcement layer of the prepreg

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StructureMaterialElastic modulus/MPaPoisson's ratioLimiting performance
LiningModified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene536.20.41Ultimate strength 20 MPa
SensorSiO2[33]
High molecular weight polyethylene
362 (Axial)0.3Ultimate elongation 2.8%
Aramid ropeAramid fiber[33]17 100 (Axial)0.3Ultimate strength 960 MPa
Sensor cable bundle9 867 (Axial)0.3Ultimate elongation 2.8%
), ArticleFig(id=1243220398179991945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

内衬层和补偿增强层材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StructureMaterialElastic modulus/MPaPoisson's ratioLimiting performance
LiningModified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene536.20.41Ultimate strength 20 MPa
SensorSiO2[33]
High molecular weight polyethylene
362 (Axial)0.3Ultimate elongation 2.8%
Aramid ropeAramid fiber[33]17 100 (Axial)0.3Ultimate strength 960 MPa
Sensor cable bundle9 867 (Axial)0.3Ultimate elongation 2.8%
), ArticleFig(id=1243220398414872975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Process parameter setting[35]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Process parametersValue
Tension force/N20, 30, 50
Winding angle35°, 45°, 54°
), ArticleFig(id=1243220398528119189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

工艺参数设置[35]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Process parametersValue
Tension force/N20, 30, 50
Winding angle35°, 45°, 54°
), ArticleFig(id=1243220398813331867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Process parameter setting

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Process parametersValue
Number of sensors2, 4, 6
Winding angle35°, 45°, 54°
), ArticleFig(id=1243220399056601508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

工艺参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Process parametersValue
Number of sensors2, 4, 6
Winding angle35°, 45°, 54°
), ArticleFig(id=1243220399161459109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Sensor rope elongation and inner lining stress results under different tension forces

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StressTension force 20 NTension force 30 NTension force 50 N
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate0.075 6%0.093 7%0.108%
Lining/MPa0.7790.8761.21
Stress of aramid rope/MPa11.013.6918.2
), ArticleFig(id=1243220399501197738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同张紧力下传感器绳束伸长率及内衬层应力结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StressTension force 20 NTension force 30 NTension force 50 N
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate0.075 6%0.093 7%0.108%
Lining/MPa0.7790.8761.21
Stress of aramid rope/MPa11.013.6918.2
), ArticleFig(id=1243220399874490802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Sensor rope elongation and inner lining stress results at different winding angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StressWinding angle 35°Winding angle 45°Winding angle 54°
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate0.034 1%0.038 6%0.093 7%
Lining/MPa0.3430.5350.876
Stress of aramid rope/MPa6.016.0713.69
), ArticleFig(id=1243220400059040186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同缠绕角度下传感器绳束伸长率及内衬层应力结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StressWinding angle 35°Winding angle 45°Winding angle 54°
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate0.034 1%0.038 6%0.093 7%
Lining/MPa0.3430.5350.876
Stress of aramid rope/MPa6.016.0713.69
), ArticleFig(id=1243220400151314879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Influence of different numbers of optical fibers on the compensation and enhancement layer structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stress2 optical fibers4 optical fibers6 optical fibers
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate2.003%1.91%1.975%
Stress of aramid rope/MPa675.5689.7682.4
Lining/MPa9.448.7258.33
), ArticleFig(id=1243220400352641480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同传感器数量对补偿增强层各结构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stress2 optical fibers4 optical fibers6 optical fibers
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate2.003%1.91%1.975%
Stress of aramid rope/MPa675.5689.7682.4
Lining/MPa9.448.7258.33
), ArticleFig(id=1243220400444916176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Influence of different winding angles on the compensation and reinforcement layer structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StressWinding angle 35°Winding angle 45°Winding angle 54°
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate1.83%1.91%1.42%
Stress of aramid rope/MPa650.0689.7732.0
Lining/MPa4.918.72511.90
), ArticleFig(id=1243220400574939610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242844143416819734, articleId=1243220381251780625, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同缠绕角度对补偿增强层各结构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StressWinding angle 35°Winding angle 45°Winding angle 54°
Sensor cable bundle elongation rate1.83%1.91%1.42%
Stress of aramid rope/MPa650.0689.7732.0
Lining/MPa4.918.72511.90
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深海采矿非粘结柔性管内传感器集成加工工艺研究
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崔新雨 1 , 徐万海 2 , 王莹莹 3 , 沈飞 1 , 柯燎亮 1
力学季刊 | 2025,46(3): 662-673
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力学季刊 | 2025, 46(3): 662-673
深海采矿非粘结柔性管内传感器集成加工工艺研究
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崔新雨1 , 徐万海2, 王莹莹3, 沈飞1, 柯燎亮1
作者信息
  • 1.天津大学 机械工程学院力学系,天津 300350
  • 2.天津大学 水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津 300072
  • 3.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249
  • 崔新雨,博士生.研究方向:多场耦合力学、电接触腐蚀研究.E-mail:

通讯作者:

柯燎亮,博士,教授.研究方向:智能材料与结构、多场耦合力学、元器件力学.E-mail:
Research on Sensor Integration Process in Unbonded Flexible Pipes for Deep-Sea Mining
Xinyu CUI1 , Wanhai XU2, Yingying WANG3, Fei SHEN1, Liaoliang KE1
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Operation of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • 3.School of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.15959/j.cnki.0254-0053.2025.03.008
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本文针对深海采矿工程中非粘结柔性管内传感器的集成制造工艺,研究传感器与补偿增强层的集成加工过程及其力学性能.建立柔性管补偿增强层的缠绕工艺仿真模型,系统分析了缠绕张紧力和缠绕角度对传感器缠绕工艺的影响规律,并探讨了传感器数量和缠绕角度对集成后补偿增强层抗拉性能的影响.结果表明:缠绕张紧力对传感器伸长率的影响显著,而缠绕角度对内衬层应力分布的影响更突出.集成后补偿增强层的拉伸性能受传感器数量影响较小,缠绕角度在一定范围内的变化对补偿增强层抗拉伸性能影响不大.研究结果揭示了传感器集成工艺参数与柔性管结构性能的关联性,为深海柔性管的传感器集成工艺优化提供了理论依据.

深海采矿  /  非粘结柔性管  /  传感器  /  集成加工  /  有限元模拟

This study focuses on the integrated manufacturing process of sensors in unbonded flexible pipes for deep-sea mining engineering, investigating the sensor integration process with compensation reinforcement layers and their mechanical performance. A simulation model for the winding process of the compensation reinforcement layer in flexible pipes was established, systematically analyzing the influence patterns of winding tension and winding angles on sensor integration processes. Additionally, the effects of sensor quantity and winding angles on the tensile performance of integrated compensation reinforcement layers were explored. The results demonstrate that winding tension significantly affects sensor elongation rates, while winding angles predominantly influence stress distribution in the lining layer. The tensile performance of integrated compensation reinforcement layers shows minimal sensitivity to sensor quantity, and variations in winding angles within a specific range exhibit limited impact on anti-tensile properties. These findings reveal the correlation between sensor integration parameters and structural performance of flexible pipes, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing sensor integration processes in deep-sea flexible pipes.

deep sea mining  /  non-bonded flexible pipes  /  sensors  /  integrated processing  /  finite element simulation
崔新雨, 徐万海, 王莹莹, 沈飞, 柯燎亮. 深海采矿非粘结柔性管内传感器集成加工工艺研究. 力学季刊, 2025 , 46 (3) : 662 -673 . DOI: 10.15959/j.cnki.0254-0053.2025.03.008
Xinyu CUI, Wanhai XU, Yingying WANG, Fei SHEN, Liaoliang KE. Research on Sensor Integration Process in Unbonded Flexible Pipes for Deep-Sea Mining[J]. Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics, 2025 , 46 (3) : 662 -673 . DOI: 10.15959/j.cnki.0254-0053.2025.03.008
在当今世界,随着人类对资源的需求日益增长,深海采矿已成为一项紧迫的需求.深海蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,然而,其深远的海底环境和复杂的地质条件给采矿活动带来了巨大的挑战[1-2].在这样的背景下,开发和应用适用于深海环境的先进技术显得尤为重要.其中,柔性管作为一种关键的基础设施,在深海采矿中发挥着至关重要的作用.传统的刚性管道在深海采矿中存在诸多不足,例如易受洋流影响、安装和维护困难等.相比之下,非粘结柔性混输管具有诸多优势,如具备优异的弯曲能力、抗冲击性强、安装便捷等[3-5],使其成为深海采矿领域的理想选择[6-7],同时,对柔性管性能的研究也与日俱增[8-12].然而,随着深海采矿活动的不断深入,保障柔性管健康与稳定运行的需求日益凸显.在此背景下,柔性管内部检测柔性管健康的传感器显得至关重要.这些传感器能够实时监测柔性管的运行状态,及时发现并定位潜在的问题,从而为采矿活动的安全性和效率提供有力支持[13-18]
目前,国内外对应用于柔性管中的传感器进行了广泛而深入的研究.这些研究主要聚焦于应用传感器对柔性管进行健康检测,旨在提高管道运行安全性和效率.Kuang[19]探讨了光纤布拉格光栅技术在柔性管中的监测应用,实现了对护套上箍应变的实时测量,为柔性管的健康检测提供了新的可能性.Wang等[20]设计了一种新型的柔性有机硅弹性体封装准分布式光纤传感器,提升了传感器在管道弯曲引起的压缩或拉伸变形方面的测量性能.Ren等[21]开发了一种体积小、精度高的光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器,有效提升了对海底管道振动响应的监测能力.Zhao等[14]提出了一种基于主动测温的海底管道冲刷监测系统,通过分布式布里渊光纤传感技术监测冲刷引起的管道自由跨度,为管道的健康状态实时监测提供了新的途径.Nott等[22]建立了一种基于光纤的漏洞检测系统,通过监测整管的温度变化,实现了对管道外屏蔽层破裂的有效监测.
尽管目前对柔性管中传感器的应用技术[23-28]已有大量的研究,然而,关于柔性管与传感器集成加工工艺的研究较为有限,尤其是针对这一集成过程中的关键技术、工艺参数以及它们对传感器性能的影响的探讨仍然不足.更为关键的是,集成加工工艺不仅直接影响柔性管与传感器的匹配性,还可能对传感器的受力状态产生显著影响[29].特别是在光纤传感器集成过程中,管材的加工方式、应力分布以及外力作用等因素,可能导致光纤的应变或压力响应发生变化,从而影响光纤传感器的测量精度.这种影响尤为重要,因为光纤传感器的性能依赖于其微小的应变和压力响应,对外界环境和集成加工过程的敏感性较高.因此,有必要开展对柔性管与传感器集成加工过程中,特别是光纤传感器性能变化的系统性研究,以优化加工工艺,减少工艺对传感器受力状态的负面影响,从而提高传感器的测量精度和可靠性.
本文首次对柔性管与传感器集成加工工艺进行仿真研究,探讨传感器与柔性管集成加工过程中对传感器力学性能的影响,分析传感器缠绕速度和张紧力等因素对传感器集成加工过程的影响,并在此基础上研究了光纤数量、缠绕角度等因素对缠绕完成后带有传感器的补偿增强层抗拉性能的影响.
本研究涉及的柔性混输管为非粘结结构,结构包括内衬层、补偿增强层1、补偿增强层2、骨架层等.其中内衬层作为介质传输通道,补偿增强层主要承担对管道抗拉伸性能的补偿作用.值得注意的是,光纤传感器被创新性地嵌入补偿增强层内部,如图1所示,这种布置方式具有双重优势:一方面,补偿增强层所处的中层位置紧邻内衬层,便于直接感知内衬层的应变、压力及介质渗透等参数变化,从而显著提升监测的灵敏度;另一方面,该结构设计为传感器提供了天然的保护屏障,有效隔离外部机械应力对光纤的直接冲击,大幅降低了光纤在复杂工况下的性能衰减风险.
柔性管与传感器的集成方案是将利用缠绕机将传感器与补偿增强层的芳纶绳同时缠绕到内衬层上.补偿增强层通过芳纶绳缠绕于内衬层表面形成,其中部分绳束为传感器绳束.为了在实际工况中有效监测管道内部是否发生泄漏,柔性管设计时采用了三种不同类型的传感器,分别用于测量管道内部的变形、温度和盐度,因此布置了多条传感器,确保能够全面监控柔性管在使用过程中的状态变化.由于传感器直径(2.5 mm)与芳纶纤维绳直径(3 mm)不同,因此在传感器外部缠绕一层芳纶纤维,起到保护光纤作用的同时保证芳纶绳和传感器绳束直径一致.通过将光纤传感器嵌入补偿增强层并替换部分芳纶绳这一集成方案,可以确保传感器的有效功能,使传感器能够在不影响管道承载能力的情况下,实时采集和传输管道内的重要数据,而且加工也较为方便.
传感器缠绕工艺仿真模型的几何尺寸如表1所示.为了聚焦于柔性管与传感器集成加工过程,所建立的模型仅包含与加工过程相关的结构单元.该模型主要由柔性管的内衬层、芳纶绳、光纤及导向环组成,如图2所示.绿色部分为内衬层,灰色线为芳纶绳,红色线为传感器绳束,蓝色部分为导向环;补偿增强层中芳纶绳和传感器绳束的总数量保持恒定,为170根,两层补偿增强层总计340根,缠绕角度范围设定在35°~60°.在实际加工过程中,内衬层沿着管路轴向移动,缠绕机带动所有芳纶绳旋转,从而实现缠绕.在本模型中导向环模拟了缠绕机的功能,用于引导芳纶绳与传感器绳束的缠绕路径.通过将传感器绳束与芳纶绳缠绕于内衬层上,形成了补偿增强层.由于柔性管的其他结构将在后续工艺中逐步形成,因此在当前的仿真模型中不需要考虑这些部分.
在传感器缠绕工艺仿真模型中,由于补偿增强层仅能承受轴向拉伸,无法承受弯曲和扭转载荷,因此采用杆单元(T3D2)来模拟芳纶绳的力学行为.考虑到传感器整体结构的高度柔性,亦选用杆单元对传感器进行建模.传感器绳束结构包括内部光纤、外部包覆层以及包裹的芳纶纤维,如图3所示,其中中间绿色部分为光纤,白色部分为外部包覆层,红色部分为芳纶纤维,这些组成部分的力学性能各异,因此需要计算等效材料参数或者实验的方法获得材料参数,以便在仿真中准确反映其整体力学响应[30]
针对传感器绳束的轴向模量参数,本文参考相关文献和测试标准[31-32,34]开展了轴向拉伸实验.测试设备为多功能拉压试验机(Shimadzu AGX),将传感器绳束固定在拉伸机的两端,进行拉伸试验,拉伸速率为0.1 mm/min,过程中测量拉力和变形量,获得传感器绳束的拉伸应力应变曲线.实验次数重复4次,根据4次实验结果,计算得到了传感器的平均轴向弹性模量.材料模型为线弹性材料本构模型,参数如表2所示.为了简化表述,后续将传感器及其组成部分(如芳纶纤维等)视为等效结构.根据复合材料力学分析方法,传感器等效部分为横观各向同性材料,且我们只考虑其轴向,因此等效材料轴向弹性模量及泊松比计算公式为[36]
其中,E为弹性模量,v为泊松比,c为体积分数,K为体积模量,ab代表两种不同的材料结构.
内衬层作为深海采矿非粘结柔性管的核心功能层,采用改性超高分子量聚乙烯通过挤出成型工艺制备,直接暴露于矿浆输送介质中.作为多层复合管道的力学承载基础,通过各向同性本构特性为外部的补偿增强层、抗拉骨架层等异质结构提供均匀应力传递界面,确保管道在轴向拉伸、外压载荷下的整体协同变形能力.在有限元仿真中,采用C3D8八节点线性六面体单元表征其连续介质力学行为.
在传感器缠绕工艺仿真模型中,补偿增强层在与内衬层缠绕接触的过程中采用了通用接触方式,摩擦系数设置为0.2.在仿真过程中,将所有芳纶绳及传感器绳束的右端点耦合到所建立的耦合点处,并在耦合点处施加了集中力,力的方向与纤维的轴向一致,以模拟缠绕过程中对芳纶绳和传感器绳束的牵引力,其边界条件设置如图4所示.同时,缠绕角度通过柔性管管体的轴向位移速度以及导向环的旋转速度共同控制.例如缠绕角度设置α=35°,根据内衬层管径R=112 mm,通过公式计算其螺距P=1 000 mm,则导向环旋转一周,柔性管轴向位移1 000 mm.缠绕速度可根据实际需要进行设置,在本实施例中预设为14.4°/s.为了深入分析工艺参数对集成加工过程中的传感器受力状态的影响,选取一定的工艺参数范围进行数值计算研究,如表3所示.
在缠绕模型的基础上,为了研究补偿增强层缠绕成型后的抗拉伸性能,建立了含传感器的补偿增强层缠绕成型后的仿真模型,如图5所示,其中绿色部分为内衬层,白色部分为补偿增强层,蓝色部分为传感器.
该仿真模型的材料参数与缠绕过程模型中的材料参数保持一致.
在该仿真模型中,接触采用通用接触方式,摩擦系数设为0.2.模型一端完全固定,在另一端的补充增强层上施加轴向拉力.该拉力的设置依据是根据整个柔性管结构在520 t轴向载荷下分配到补偿增强层上的拉力.根据这一计算,拉力设置为100 t,平均每一根芳纶绳所需承受的轴向拉力为2 941 N.边界条件的设置如图6所示.为了深入分析工艺参数对传感器集成后柔性管抗拉伸性能的影响,进一步选取一定的工艺参数范围进行数值计算研究,如表4所示.
以缠绕角度35°和张紧力30 N的工艺条件为例,分析传感器集成工艺过程的仿真计算结果.仿真结果显示传感器绳束和芳纶绳成功缠绕于内衬层表面,缠绕完成后的应力分布如图7所示.
图7展示了缠绕工艺仿真完成后的计算结果,其中图7(a)和(b)分别为补偿增强层的应力分布和传感器绳束的伸长率结果.从图7(a)可以看出,补偿增强层的应力分布呈现出较为明显的差异,其中应力最小的位置位于四条传感器绳束上.芳纶绳的最大主应力为6.01 MPa,传感器绳束上的最大主应力为3.369 MPa.根据传感器绳束应变结果(图7(b))可知,传感器绳束的伸长率为0.034 1%,远低于光纤的断裂伸长率2.8%.图7(c)展示了缠绕过程中的内衬层最大Mises应力为0.343 MPa.该应力在缠绕初始阶段达到最大值,随着缠绕的进行,应力逐渐趋于平缓.因此,尽管在缠绕初期需要关注内衬层的应力变化,但内衬层所受应力较小,远低于其屈服强度(20 MPa).综合来看,缠绕过程产生的最大主应力对补偿增强层和传感器的影响极小,对内衬层的影响也微乎其微.
以缠绕角度45°、传感器绳束数量为2根和拉伸载荷为100 t的工艺条件为例,分析传感器集成后柔性管抗拉伸性能的仿真计算结果,如图8所示.
图8展示了传感器集成后柔性管的计算结果,其中图8(a)和(b)分别为补偿增强层的应力分布和传感器绳束的伸长率结果.从图8(a)可以看出,补偿增强层的应力分布呈现出较为明显的差异,其中应力最小的位置位于四条传感器绳束上;芳纶绳的最大主应力为675.5 MPa.根据提取的传感器绳束应变结果,图8(b)显示传感器绳束的伸长率为2.003%,低于传感器绳束的断裂伸长率2.8%.图8(c)展示了缠绕过程中的内衬层最大Mises应力为9.445 MPa,根据目前的仿真结果,内衬层所受应力较小,远低于其屈服强度(20 MPa).综合来看,传感器与柔性管集成加工后对补偿增强层的抗拉伸性能影响不大,补偿增强层承受拉伸载荷时对传感器绳束的影响较小.
补偿增强层在缠绕工艺过程中的关键工艺参数包括张紧力和缠绕角度.因此,本研究通过分析这两种工艺参数,探讨其对传感器缠绕过程的影响规律,旨在评估这些参数是否会对传感器的缠绕过程产生显著影响.计算过程中采用控制变量法,首先研究了在缠绕角度为54°的条件下,张紧力分别为20 N、30 N和50 N时对传感器伸长率及内衬层应力分布的影响,相关结果如表5所示.
表5显示,随着缠绕张紧力的增加,传感器绳束的伸长率也呈现出相应的增长趋势.在张紧力为50 N时,光纤的最大伸长率达到了0.108%,但仍远低于光纤的极限伸长率2.8%.随着张紧力的进一步增大,内衬层的最大Mises应力也随之上升,在张紧力为50 N时,最大Mises应力达到了1.21 MPa.然而,该应力值仍远低于内衬层的失效强度.因此,张紧力在20 N至50 N范围内对传感器在缠绕过程中的影响较小.
当张紧力增大时,传感器绳束所受的轴向拉力增加,使得伸长率随张紧力增大而上升.芳纶绳应力的增长与传感器绳束相同,在张紧力增大的情况下,内部应力也会随之增长.芳纶绳和传感器绳束在缠绕过程中和内衬层相互作用,传感器绳束与内衬层之间的摩擦力和接触力会随张紧力增大而增加,从而在内衬层表面产生更高的局部应力.
随后,我们继续研究了在张紧力为30 N的条件下,缠绕角度分别为35°、45°和54°时对传感器绳束伸长率及内衬层应力的影响,相关结果如表6所示.
表6显示,随着缠绕角度的增大,传感器的光纤伸长率也相应增加.在缠绕角度为54°时,光纤的最大伸长率为0.093 7%,仍远低于光纤的极限伸长率2.8%.与此同时,随着缠绕角度的增加,内衬层的最大Mises应力也呈现上升趋势,在缠绕角度为54°时,最大Mises应力为0.876 MPa,然而该应力值远低于内衬层的失效强度.因此,在35°~54°的缠绕角度范围内,缠绕角度对传感器的影响较小.
在总张紧力固定的情况下,缠绕角度增大时,传感器绳束的螺旋缠绕路径更长,导致绳束在相同张紧力下实际拉伸量增加.对内衬层应力的影响主要体现在,缠绕角度的增大导致绳束对内衬层的径向压紧力增强,从而增大内衬层的局部压应力.
综合计算结果可见,在所设置的缠绕工艺参数范围内,缠绕角度对传感器的影响较为有限,不会对传感器产生显著影响.同样,缠绕张紧力的设置对传感器的影响也较小.
对缠绕完成后的模型开展抗拉伸性能仿真分析,研究该模型在不同光纤数量和缠绕角度情况下对整体抗拉伸性能的影响规律.3.3节的仿真结果表明,缠绕过程中传感器及补偿增强层的应力极低,对后续力学性能的影响可忽略不计,因此在后续分析中未考虑补偿增强层和传感器因缠绕过程引入的初始应力.计算时采用控制变量法,首先探讨了缠绕角度为45°时,传感器数量分别为2根、4根和6根时对传感器伸长率、芳纶绳及内衬层在缠绕过程的影响.
表7所示不同传感器数量对补偿增强层各结构的影响.传感器数量的变化对传感器绳束伸长率的影响不大,传感器伸长率基本保持在2%左右,未达到传感器的伸长率极限.对芳纶绳和内衬层的影响也较小,芳纶绳最大应力为689.7 MPa,内衬层最大应力为9.44 MPa,都未达到两者的极限强度.
传感器数量的增加,对传感器绳束伸长率的影响较小.主要原因是尽管传感器绳束与芳纶绳的强度差异明显(芳纶绳的弹性模量约为传感器绳束的两倍),更多传感器引入导致补偿增强层整体强度减弱,但是由于传感器绳束的数量(最多6根)远小于芳纶绳数量(最少334根).因此传感器数量变化对整体强度或刚度的影响较小.芳纶绳应力随传感器数量增加呈现轻微的波动现象,可能原因在于传感器刚度低于芳纶绳,其替换导致局部区域刚度降低,相邻芳纶绳需承担更多载荷,使得4根和6根传感器时应力值稍高于2根时的应力.内衬层应力随传感器数量增加持续下降,可能因为传感器绳束的径向压紧力低于芳纶绳(因其刚度较低),随着传感器数量增加,整体径向压力减小,内衬层所受压应力降低.
继续探讨了传感器数量为4根时,缠绕角度为35°、45°和54°时对传感器伸长率、芳纶绳及内衬层在缠绕过程的影响.
表8显示了不同的光纤数量对补偿增强层中各结构的影响,缠绕角度的变化对光纤伸长率的影响不大,光纤伸长率最大为1.91%,未达到光纤的伸长率极限.对芳纶绳和内衬层的影响也较小,芳纶绳最大应力为732.0 MPa,内衬层最大应力为11.9 MPa,都未达到两者极限强度.
传感器伸长率随缠绕角度增大先小幅上升(1.83%→1.91%),后显著下降(1.91%→1.42%).缠绕角度增大时,绳束的轴向分力减小,而切向分力增大.在35°~45°区间时,轴向分力减小导致绳束整体拉伸量降低,但切向分力增大通过摩擦传递更多张力至传感器,导致伸长率轻微上升.当缠绕角度进一步增至54°时,绳束的螺旋路径显著延长,可能导致绳束的实际拉伸应变分散到更长的路径中.内衬层应力随缠绕角度增大单调递增可能是因为缠绕角度增大导致绳束对内衬层的径向压紧力增加,从而提升内衬层的局部压应力.芳纶绳应力随缠绕角度增大而上升,可能是因为在传感器绳周围的芳纶绳弹性模量远高于传感器绳,在相同载荷下,芳纶绳因其高刚度承担更多载荷比例,导致其应力显著增加.
本研究通过有限元仿真模拟了传感器与深海采矿柔性管的集成加工工艺,研究了传感器集成后柔性管的整体力学性能,揭示了集成工艺关键参数对缠绕工艺以及力学性能的影响机理,主要结论如下
(1)缠绕工艺参数影响:张紧力(20~50 N)的增大会显著提升传感器伸长率(0.075 6%~0.108%),但未超过传感器断裂阈值;缠绕角度(35°~54°)的增加导致内衬层应力上升(0.343~0.876 MPa),对传感器性能影响有限.
(2)柔性管抗拉性能影响:传感器数量(2~6根)对补偿增强层的拉应力无明显影响,而缠绕角度的改变对补偿增强层的抗拉伸性能影响较大,但均未超过材料极限强度.
(3)仿真创新性:首次建立柔性管-传感器集成缠绕工艺的全流程仿真模型,突破传统依赖试错法的局限,建立了关键工艺参数(张紧力、缠绕角度等)和结构性能之间的定量映射关系.
(4)工程适用性:集成工艺在张紧力≤50 N、缠绕角度35°~54°范围内均满足传感器的集成加工要求.本文计算结果验证了该传感器集成方案的可行性,所建立的集成工艺-结构性能的映射关系为深海柔性管的传感器集成工艺优化提供了理论依据.
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2803703)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.15959/j.cnki.0254-0053.2025.03.008
  • 接收时间:2025-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2803703)
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    1.天津大学 机械工程学院力学系,天津 300350
    2.天津大学 水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津 300072
    3.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249

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柯燎亮,博士,教授.研究方向:智能材料与结构、多场耦合力学、元器件力学.E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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