Article(id=1322954452159824066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954407050092740, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506089, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751212800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-30, revisedDate=1757520000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346520700, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1760457600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346520700, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346520700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346520700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954407050092740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='19', pageStart='2289', pageEnd='2444', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760457600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346509945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346509945, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2351, endPage=2364, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954452377927875, articleId=1322954452159824066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=ATF3 regulates macrophage autophagy and inflammatory responses by suppressing ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in suppressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy and inflammatory responses in macrophages.
Methods Firstly, the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was used to analyze ATF3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify enriched signaling pathways. Secondly, RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into a blank control group and an LPS-stimulated group (100 ng/mL LPS). Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect ATF3 protein expression and observe its subcellular localization, respectively. Lentiviral transduction was used to generate ATF3 knockdown and overexpression cell lines to evaluate their effects on cytokine release and bacterial clearance. Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) sequencing was employed to identify downstream target genes transcriptionally regulated by ATF3. Furthermore, the impact of ATF3 knockdown or overexpression on autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related gene 16-like 1 (ATG16L1), and autophagy levels was evaluated.
Results GEO analysis revealed that ATF3 expression was significantly elevated in PBMCs from sepsis patients (P<0.01), and GSEA showed significant enrichment of autophagy-related and inflammation-related pathways (P<0.01). In RAW264.7 cells, 100 ng/mL LPS stimulation significantly increased ATF3 expression in the nucleus than the blank control group (P<0.01). ATF3 knockdown led to increased secretions of TNF-α and IL-6 and enhanced bacterial clearance of macrophages (P<0.01), whereas ATF3 overexpression significantly suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 releases, and remained bacterial clearance at a low level when compared with the conditions in the negative control (NC) group (P<0.01). CUT&Tag results demonstrated that ATF3 was enriched at the promoter regions of key autophagy genes Atg5 and Atg16l1. Compared with the NC group, ATF3 knockdown significantly up-regulated the protein levels of LC3-II/I, ATG5, and ATG16L1 while decreased p62 expression (P<0.01). Conversely, ATF3 overexpression inhibited the expression of LC3-II/I, ATG5, and ATG16L1 (P<0.01), but had no significant effect on p62 level.
Conclusion Sepsis induces elevated ATF3 expression in macrophages, and suppresses autophagic activity and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, which probably mediated by ATF3 regulating transcription of ATG5 and ATG16L1, suggesting ATF3 as a potential therapeutic target for autophagy-inflammation imbalance.
, authors=Yujie WANG
1, 2, 3, Hongmei QIU
1, 2, Ting YANG
1, 2, Xinhui SHI
1, 2, Xiong YANG
1, 2, Qingsong JIANG
1, 2, Xin LIU
3, Xiaoli LI
1, 2, authorsList=Yujie WANG, Hongmei QIU, Ting YANG, Xinhui SHI, Xiong YANG, Qingsong JIANG, Xin LIU, Xiaoli LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin LIU, Xiaoli LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954458853933271, articleId=1322954452159824066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=ATF3通过抑制ATG5和ATG16L1表达调控巨噬细胞自噬与炎症反应, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 探讨活化转录因子3(activating transcription factor 3,ATF3)抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激的巨噬细胞自噬与炎症反应的作用及机制。
方法 首先,采用基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)数据库分析脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞中ATF3的表达水平;基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)分析脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞中富集的信号通路;其次,将RAW264.7细胞分为空白组和模型组(100 ng/mL LPS刺激)。采用Western blot检测ATF3在内毒素刺激的RAW264.7细胞中的表达;免疫荧光法检测ATF3在细胞质和细胞核中的分布;通过慢病毒转染技术构建ATF3敲低和过表达细胞系,评估其炎症因子释放水平及细菌清除能力的影响;应用靶向剪切及转座酶(cleavage under targets and tagmentation,CUT&Tag)测序技术筛查受ATF3转录调控的靶基因;在ATF3敲低和过表达细胞系中,评估其对自噬相关基因5(autophagy-related gene 5,ATG5)与自噬相关基因16样蛋白1(autophagy-related gene 16-like 1,ATG16L1)的表达和自噬水平的影响。
结果 GEO数据库分析显示脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞中ATF3表达水平显著升高(P<0.01),GSEA分析表明自噬和炎症相关信号通路显著富集(P<0.01)。在内毒素刺激的RAW264.7细胞中,与Medium组相比,LPS100组中ATF3在细胞核中的表达显著升高(P<0.01);与NC(negative control,NC)组相比,敲低ATF3后,进一步增加肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的释放水平,增强巨噬细胞的细菌清除能力(P<0.01)。相反,过表达ATF3则显著降低TNF-α和IL-6的释放水平(P<0.01),同时细菌清除能力维持在较低水平。CUT&Tag结果表明,ATF3可在自噬关键基因Atg5和Atg16l1的启动子区域富集;与NC组相比,敲低ATF3后,可进一步增强微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ)、ATG5、ATG16L1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.01),降低自噬接头蛋白p62(p62)蛋白表达水平。相反,过表达ATF3则显著抑制LC3 II/I、ATG5、ATG16L1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.01),而对p62蛋白水平无显著差异。
结论 脓毒症诱导巨噬细胞ATF3上调,抑制自噬并干扰炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6释放,可能通过调控ATG5和ATG16L1转录介导,提示ATF3是自噬-炎症紊乱的潜在靶点。
, authors=王宇洁
1, 2, 3, 邱红梅
1, 2, 杨婷
1, 2, 时新惠
1, 2, 杨雄
1, 2, 蒋青松
1, 2, 刘鑫
3, 李小丽
1, 2, authorsList=王宇洁, 邱红梅, 杨婷, 时新惠, 杨雄, 蒋青松, 刘鑫, 李小丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘鑫, 李小丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,Chongqing
2Faculty of Pharmacology,College of Pharmacy,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
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1重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
2重庆医科大学药学院药理学系,重庆
3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床医学研究中心,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954459113980120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954459126563033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, companyId=1322954459113980120, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床医学研究中心,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322954459831206121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322954459923480812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, authorId=1322954459831206121, language=EN, stringName=Hongmei QIU, firstName=Hongmei, middleName=null, lastName=QIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,Chongqing
2Faculty of Pharmacology,College of Pharmacy,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322954460011561197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, authorId=1322954459831206121, language=CN, stringName=邱红梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
2重庆医科大学药学院药理学系,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954459113980120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954459126563033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, companyId=1322954459113980120, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,Chongqing
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1, 2, address=
1重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
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1, 2, address=
1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,Chongqing
2Faculty of Pharmacology,College of Pharmacy,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322954460472934649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, authorId=1322954460317745397, language=CN, stringName=时新惠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
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3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床医学研究中心,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954463861932313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Up-regulation of ATF3 expression in sepsis, figureFileSmall=E6yLjmWjdEMp0yb+Yh7YtA==, figureFileBig=gD9B1Dy96EfIU55o3ai7lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954464004538650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
ATF3在脓毒症中表达上调A:GEO dataset analysis of ATF3 expression level in sepsis patients; B:GEO dataset analysis of ATF3 expression level between “Survivors” and “Non-Survivors” in sepsis patients; C:GSEA pathway analysis of Toll-like receptor signaling and autophagy pathways in sepsis patients; D:Western blot analysis and semi-quantitative analysis of ATF3 protein level in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS at different time points. GEO:Gene expression omnibus; ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3; GSEA:Gene set enrichment analysis. a:P<0.01,in comparison with Control group; b:P<0.01,in comparison with Survivors group; c:P<0.01,in comparison with 0 h group
, figureFileSmall=E6yLjmWjdEMp0yb+Yh7YtA==, figureFileBig=gD9B1Dy96EfIU55o3ai7lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954464310722845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Protein expression and subcellular distribution of ATF3 in RAW264.7 cells after 100 ng/mL LPS stimulation, figureFileSmall=+PhT5KZC9ByT9aNjskHq6A==, figureFileBig=fLO5P/qojhDfd3c+GOo2EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954464562381086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
RAW264.7炎症细胞中ATF3的蛋白表达及分布A:Protein expression and semi-quantitative analysis of ATF3 in RAW264.7 cells after 100 ng/mL LPS stimulation; B:Expression and semi-quantitative analysis of ATF3 in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of RAW264.7 inflammatory cells; C:Nuclear localization of ATF3 protein in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells. ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3. a:P<0.01,in comparison with the Medium group
, figureFileSmall=+PhT5KZC9ByT9aNjskHq6A==, figureFileBig=fLO5P/qojhDfd3c+GOo2EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954464637878559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Identification of stable RAW264.7 cell lines with ATF3 knockdown and overexpression, figureFileSmall=izJbI1nPtxPSsbqXsq2TNQ==, figureFileBig=oVO9VYBk7E7sw+rc4egAJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954464910508320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
稳定低表达和过表达ATF3的RAW264.7细胞株的鉴定A:Immunofluorescence microscopy displaying the transfection efficiency of ATF3 knockdown lentivirus; B:Western blot analysis and semi-quantitative analysis of ATF3 expression after transfection; C:Immunofluorescence microscopy showing the transfection efficiency of ATF3 overexpression lentivirus; D:Western blot analysis and semi-quantitative analysis of ATF3 expression after transfection. ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3. a:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-Medium group; b:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-LPS100 group
, figureFileSmall=izJbI1nPtxPSsbqXsq2TNQ==, figureFileBig=oVO9VYBk7E7sw+rc4egAJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954464977617185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Effects of ATF3 knockdown and overexpression on bacterial clearance and inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells, figureFileSmall=Eki0vph3Fx0zNJyKmOGTDg==, figureFileBig=nnEvW2c2JpIAeUkGkZ+RMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954465065697570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
敲低及过表达ATF3对RAW264.7炎症细胞中的细菌清除能力及炎症反应的影响A:Bacterial colony counts in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells with ATF3 knockdown; B:Changes in inflammatory cytokine levels in RAW264.7 cells with ATF3 knockdown; C:Bacterial colony counts in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells with ATF3 overexpression; D:Inflammatory cytokine levels in RAW264.7 cells with ATF3 overexpression.ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3. a:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-Medium group; b:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-LPS100 group
, figureFileSmall=Eki0vph3Fx0zNJyKmOGTDg==, figureFileBig=nnEvW2c2JpIAeUkGkZ+RMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954465766146339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
CUT&Tag sequencing analysis of ATF3 downstream target genes, figureFileSmall=hobP0wXnvrXEmJ/Iame+jw==, figureFileBig=tlj6zwOLyxPi71v0wN3sCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954467469033764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
Cut&Tag测序分析ATF3下游靶基因A:Heatmap of distribution near transcription start sites; B:KEGG analysis of increased ATF3-binding peaks in candidate target genes; C:Genome-wide distribution of ATF3-binding peaks in endotoxin-stimulated inflammatory cells; D:CUT&Tag genome browser tracks of ATF3 binding signals at the Atg5 and Atg16l1 loci; E:Motif analysis of ATF3 binding regions in the ATG16L1 and ATG5 promoters. ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3
, figureFileSmall=hobP0wXnvrXEmJ/Iame+jw==, figureFileBig=tlj6zwOLyxPi71v0wN3sCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954467569697061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Effects of ATF3 knockdown on ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression and autophagy in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells, figureFileSmall=3cL226YWu90ZNmR14FmA6Q==, figureFileBig=ibn7RmewOE3ZbY0AGHJd4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954467938795814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
敲低ATF3后对RAW264.7炎症细胞中ATG5和ATG16L1表达水平和自噬水平的影响A:mRNA levels of Atg5 and Atg16l1 in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells; B:Protein levels of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells; C:Protein levels of LC3II/I and p62 in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells; D:Protein levels of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in RAW264.7 cells with ATF3 knockdown; E:Protein levels of LC3II/I and p62 in RAW264.7 cells with ATF3 knockdown . ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3. a:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-Medium group; b:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-LPS100 group; c:P<0.01,in comparison with sh-ATF3-LPS100 group
, figureFileSmall=3cL226YWu90ZNmR14FmA6Q==, figureFileBig=ibn7RmewOE3ZbY0AGHJd4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954468286923047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 6(continued), caption=
Effects of ATF3 knockdown on ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression and autophagy in RAW264.7, figureFileSmall=20IxtrlaW/j6Wvq2bGJgFg==, figureFileBig=y4ll1cHd/7PBtMWfqLnIyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954468358226216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=续图6, caption=
敲低ATF3后对RAW264.7炎症细胞中ATG5和ATG16L1表达水平和自噬水平的影响F:Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of autophagosome formation in RAW264.7 cells with ATF3 knockdown; G:Effect of autophagy inhibitors on inflammatory cytokine release in RAW264.7 cells with ATF3 knockdown. ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3. a:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-Medium group; b:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-LPS100 group; c:P<0.01,in comparison with sh-ATF3-LPS100 group inflammatory cells
, figureFileSmall=20IxtrlaW/j6Wvq2bGJgFg==, figureFileBig=y4ll1cHd/7PBtMWfqLnIyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954468685381930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Effects of ATF3 overexpression on ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression and autophagy in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells, figureFileSmall=uJ1/14CTfLK6oCfl/wHHbw==, figureFileBig=YnmWnd+py1uj2R+Lqrm9uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954468765073707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
过表达ATF3后对RAW264.7炎症细胞中ATG5和ATG16L1表达水平和自噬水平的影响A:Protein levels of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells with ATF3 overexpression; B:Protein levels of LC3II/I and p62 in RAW264.7 inflammatory cells with ATF3 overexpression. ATF3:Activating transcription factor 3. a:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-Medium group; b:P<0.01,in comparison with NC-ATF3-LPS100 group
, figureFileSmall=uJ1/14CTfLK6oCfl/wHHbw==, figureFileBig=YnmWnd+py1uj2R+Lqrm9uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954468848959788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Primer sequences for RT-qPCR
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | Forward primer (5′→3′) | Reverse primer (5′→3′) |
|---|
| Atg5 | AGAAGCTGTTTCGTCCTGTGG | AGGTGTTTCCAACATTGGCTC |
| Atg16l1 | AAGCCGAATCTGGACTGTGG | TATGCAGACTTTGCTGCGGA |
| β-actin | GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA | GCCGGACTCATCGTACTCC |
), ArticleFig(id=1322954469113200941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954452159824066, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
RT-qPCR的引物序列
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | Forward primer (5′→3′) | Reverse primer (5′→3′) |
|---|
| Atg5 | AGAAGCTGTTTCGTCCTGTGG | AGGTGTTTCCAACATTGGCTC |
| Atg16l1 | AAGCCGAATCTGGACTGTGG | TATGCAGACTTTGCTGCGGA |
| β-actin | GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA | GCCGGACTCATCGTACTCC |
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