Article(id=1322954314288870205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954253676979072, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755446400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-18, revisedDate=1761321600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346487829, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346487829, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346487829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346487829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954253676979072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='22', pageStart='2725', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346473378, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346473378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2735, endPage=2748, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954314490196798, articleId=1322954314288870205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=p300 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation in dyslipidemia by regulating SREBP-1c acetylation, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the role of p300 in lipid metabolism disorders.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze the expression patterns of p300 in lipid metabolism disorder-related diseases and its correlation with SREBP-1c and downstream lipid metabolic enzymes. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of p300 in the liver tissues of the patients with varying disease severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A mouse model of lipid metabolism disorder was established in male C57BL/6J mice by feeding high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Western blotting was employed to assess p300 expression level in the liver tissues of HFD-fed mice. A cell model of lipid metabolism disorder was established in HepG2/AML-12 cells induced with free fatty acid (FFA). The effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of p300 was observed to measure the levels of intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), lipid deposition, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results

Clinically, p300 was highly expressed in lipid metabolism disorders, and its level was positively correlated with NAFLD severity (P<0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that p300 expression was significantly associated with fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, lipogenesis, PPAR signaling pathway, and peroxisome pathway. In vivo, p300 was significantly up-regulated in the livers of HFD-fed mice (P<0.01). In vitro, FFA stimulation markedly increased p300 expression in both HepG2 and AML-12 cells (P<0.01), whereas p300 knockdown significantly reduced intracellular TG and TC levels (P<0.01), attenuated lipid droplet accumulation, and reversed FFA-induced ROS elevation (P<0.01). Furthermore, p300 expression was positively correlated with the expression of SREBP-1c and its downstream key lipid synthesis enzymes.

Conclusion

p300 may promote hepatic lipid accumulation by acetylating and activating SREBP-1c and regulating downstream lipid metabolic enzymes, thereby affecting lipid synthesis and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that p300 may be a potential therapeutic target for lipid metabolism disorder-related diseases.

, authors=Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh NUHU1, 2, 3, Xiaoli LI1, 3, Lu FANG1, 3, Yongqing CAI4, Fei CHEN5, Lie YUAN1, 3, Xiong YANG1, 3, Qingsong JIANG1, 3, Yinbo LIU1, Chao LIU1, Peiling ZHONG1, 3, Menghua ZENG2, authorsList=Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh NUHU, Xiaoli LI, Lu FANG, Yongqing CAI, Fei CHEN, Lie YUAN, Xiong YANG, Qingsong JIANG, Yinbo LIU, Chao LIU, Peiling ZHONG, Menghua ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peiling ZHONG, Menghua ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954316427965267, articleId=1322954314288870205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=p300在脂代谢紊乱中通过调控SREBP-1c乙酰化促进肝细胞脂质蓄积, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨p300在脂质代谢紊乱中的作用。

方法

通过生物信息学分析p300在脂代谢紊乱相关疾病中的表达及其与SREBP-1c及下游脂代谢酶的相关性;通过免疫荧光染色法检测p300在不同严重程度非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者肝脏中的表达情况;在体内,通过高脂饮食(high fat diet,HFD)喂养雄性C57BL/6J小鼠12周建立脂代谢紊乱小鼠模型,采用Western blot检测HFD小鼠肝脏中p300表达水平;在体外,建立游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)诱导的HepG2/AML-12脂代谢紊乱细胞模型,通过siRNA敲低p300后,观察其对细胞内TC、TG、脂质沉积以及活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平的影响。

结果

在临床上,p300在脂代谢紊乱疾病中高表达,且其表达水平与NAFLD的严重程度成正相关(P<0.05),且GSEA分析显示p300表达与脂肪酸代谢、胆固醇稳态、脂肪生成、PPAR信号通路及过氧化物酶体通路显著相关。在体内,p300在HFD喂养小鼠的肝脏中显著上调(P<0.01);在体外,FFA刺激后HepG2及AML-12细胞中p300表达显著升高(P<0.01),而敲低p300可显著减少细胞内TG、TC含量(P<0.01)及脂滴沉积,并且敲低p300逆转了FFA诱导的ROS水平升高(P<0.01)。此外,p300与SREBP-1c表达及其下游合成代谢相关酶呈正相关。

结论

p300可能通过乙酰化激活SREBP-1c并调控下游脂代谢酶,影响脂质合成及氧化应激促进肝细胞脂质蓄积,可能是脂代谢紊乱相关疾病治疗的潜在靶点。

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钟佩伶,E-mail:
曾梦华,E-mail:
ZHONG Peiling,E-mail:
ZENG Menghua,E-mail:
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A:Expression of p300 in the NAFLD cell model; B:Expression of p300 in the liver tissues of NAFLD patients; C:Expression of p300 in the liver of NASH patients; D:Expression of p300 in the liver of drug-treated NAFLD patients. NAFLD:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH:Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

, figureFileSmall=S9NA/H9sdmhS60zhLzEFFA==, figureFileBig=tSJX7Dg6Gak24+92qDK7Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954321033311157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Regulatory effect of p300 on lipid metabolism-related pathways, figureFileSmall=/YH2Zls0o+mZLiNhcXMIyQ==, figureFileBig=JO5wMzU+k9BVLxwYOyP8Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954321108808630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=CN, label=图2, caption=p300对脂质代谢相关通路的调控作用

A:Effect of p300 on the fatty acid metabolism pathway; B:Effect of p300 on the cholesterol homeostasis pathway; C:Effect of p300 on the adipogenesis pathway; D:Effect of p300 on the PPAR signaling pathway; E:Effect of p300 on the peroxisome pathway

, figureFileSmall=/YH2Zls0o+mZLiNhcXMIyQ==, figureFileBig=JO5wMzU+k9BVLxwYOyP8Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954321175917495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Liver pathological changes and p300 expression level in NAFLD patients, figureFileSmall=tcAOkQBL2NHNxsccGAJaAA==, figureFileBig=g6ElZMCrcjxpFOoDHbHbVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954321243026360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=CN, label=图3, caption=NAFLD患者肝脏病理变化及p300表达水平

A:HE staining of liver tissues from NAFLD patients with different severities; B、C:Immunofluorescence assay of p300 expression level in the liver tissues from NAFLD patients with different severities (n=10); D:Correlation analysis between NAFLD activity scores and p300 expression levels in the liver tissues of patients. NAFLD:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD 1-2:Mild steatosis; NAFLD 3-4:Moderate steatosis; NAFLD 5-6:Severe steatosis. Blue fluorescence intensity indicates nuclei; Green fluorescence intensity represents p300 level

, figureFileSmall=tcAOkQBL2NHNxsccGAJaAA==, figureFileBig=g6ElZMCrcjxpFOoDHbHbVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954321339495353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Liver morphology and pathological changes in HFD-fed mice, figureFileSmall=7S0CN0WfDhK3+lRtqu2ByA==, figureFileBig=ZMLmIBggTNx1VUZHObpP9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954321414992826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HFD喂养小鼠的肝脏形态与病理变化

A:Body weight of HFD-fed mice (n=5); B:Serum TG and TC levels in HFD-fed mice (n=5); C:Hepatic TG and TC contents in HFD-fed mice (n=5); D:Gross images of mouse livers; E:HE staining of mouse liver sections; F:Oil Red O staining of mouse liver sections. TG:Triglyceride; TC:Total Cholesterol; HFD:High-fat diet

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Expression levels of p300 in the liver of HFD-fed mice (n=3). HFD:High-Fat Diet

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A:Expression level of p300 in HepG2 cells after FFA stimulation (n=3); B:Expression level of p300 in AML-12 cells after FFA stimulation (n=3). FFA:Free fatty acids

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A:p300 mRNA level in HepG2 cells after p300 knockdown (n=3); B:p300 mRNA expression in AML-12 cells after p300 knockdown (n=3); C:p300 protein level in HepG2 cells after p300 knockdown (n=3); D:p300 protein level in AML-12 cells after p300 knockdown (n=3). FFA:Free fatty acids; sip300:p300-targeting small interfering RNA

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A:Intracellular TG content in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells after p300 knockdown (n=5); B:Intracellular TC content in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells after p300 knockdown (n=5); C:Intracellular TG content in FFA-stimulated AML-12 cells after p300 knockdown (n=5); D:Intracellular TC content in FFA-stimulated AML-12 cells after p300 knockdown (n=5); E:Lipid droplet content in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells after p300 knockdown detected by Oil Red O staining (n=3); F:Lipid droplet content in FFA-stimulated AML-12 cells after p300 knockdown detected by Oil Red O staining (n=3). TG:Triglyceride; TC:Total cholesterol; FFA:Free fatty acids; sip300:p300-targeting small interfering RNA

, figureFileSmall=1sopPnClkc0S4cW+LbYa3w==, figureFileBig=Cunb/5iLi4vQNoYk9PGaRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954322207716291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Effect of p300 knockdown on ROS production in FFA-stimulated hepatocytes, figureFileSmall=zSyZaAuJoaeN1yFlp01iiA==, figureFileBig=Dkek0xd6PWscoza8pCkXhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954322283213764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=CN, label=图9, caption=p300敲低对FFA刺激肝细胞ROS生成的影响

A:Intracellular ROS level in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells after p300 knockdown (n=3); B:Intracellular ROS level in FFA-stimulated AML-12 cells after p300 knockdown (n=3). FFA:Free fatty acids; ROS:Reactive oxygen species; sip300:p300-targeting small interfering RNA

, figureFileSmall=zSyZaAuJoaeN1yFlp01iiA==, figureFileBig=Dkek0xd6PWscoza8pCkXhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954322354516933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Correlation between p300 and fatty acid metabolism-related genes, figureFileSmall=W64MQ6b1Rh2awnPTlnDteg==, figureFileBig=Ss0NSTHY3zp1Ul8O/ZGd5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954322438403014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954314288870205, language=CN, label=图10, caption=p300与脂肪酸代谢相关基因的相关性分析

A~E:Correlation of p300 with the expression of SREBP-1c (A),FASN (B),ACACA (C), ELOVL1 (D) and ELOVL6 (E) in NAFLD patients. NAFLD:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; FASN:Fatty acid synthase; ACACA:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; ELOVL1:ELOVL fatty acid elongase 1; ELOVL6:ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6

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p300在脂代谢紊乱中通过调控SREBP-1c乙酰化促进肝细胞脂质蓄积
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Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh Nuhu 1, 2, 3 , 李小丽 1, 3 , 方路 1, 3 , 蔡永青 4 , 陈飞 5 , 袁烈 1, 3 , 杨雄 1, 3 , 蒋青松 1, 3 , 刘胤伯 1 , 刘超 1 , 钟佩伶 1, 3 , 曾梦华 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·基础医学 2025,47(22): 2735-2748
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·基础医学 2025 , 47 (22) : 2735 -2748
p300在脂代谢紊乱中通过调控SREBP-1c乙酰化促进肝细胞脂质蓄积
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Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh Nuhu1, 2, 3, 李小丽1, 3, 方路1, 3, 蔡永青4, 陈飞5, 袁烈1, 3, 杨雄1, 3, 蒋青松1, 3, 刘胤伯1, 刘超1, 钟佩伶1, 3 , 曾梦华2
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学药学院,重庆
  • 2重庆医科大学附属第一医院胃肠外科,重庆
  • 3重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
  • 4陆军军医大学大坪医院药剂科,重庆
  • 5达州市中西医结合医院药学科,四川 达州
通讯作者:
钟佩伶,E-mail:
曾梦华,E-mail:
ZHONG Peiling,E-mail:
ZENG Menghua,E-mail:
p300 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation in dyslipidemia by regulating SREBP-1c acetylation
Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh NUHU1, 2, 3, Xiaoli LI1, 3, Lu FANG1, 3, Yongqing CAI4, Fei CHEN5, Lie YUAN1, 3, Xiong YANG1, 3, Qingsong JIANG1, 3, Yinbo LIU1, Chao LIU1, Peiling ZHONG1, 3 , Menghua ZENG2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Pharmacy,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
  • 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
  • 3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,Chongqing
  • 4Department of Pharmacy,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 5Department of Pharmacy,Dazhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Dazhou,Sichuan
出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508046
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目的

探讨p300在脂质代谢紊乱中的作用。

方法

通过生物信息学分析p300在脂代谢紊乱相关疾病中的表达及其与SREBP-1c及下游脂代谢酶的相关性;通过免疫荧光染色法检测p300在不同严重程度非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者肝脏中的表达情况;在体内,通过高脂饮食(high fat diet,HFD)喂养雄性C57BL/6J小鼠12周建立脂代谢紊乱小鼠模型,采用Western blot检测HFD小鼠肝脏中p300表达水平;在体外,建立游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)诱导的HepG2/AML-12脂代谢紊乱细胞模型,通过siRNA敲低p300后,观察其对细胞内TC、TG、脂质沉积以及活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平的影响。

结果

在临床上,p300在脂代谢紊乱疾病中高表达,且其表达水平与NAFLD的严重程度成正相关(P<0.05),且GSEA分析显示p300表达与脂肪酸代谢、胆固醇稳态、脂肪生成、PPAR信号通路及过氧化物酶体通路显著相关。在体内,p300在HFD喂养小鼠的肝脏中显著上调(P<0.01);在体外,FFA刺激后HepG2及AML-12细胞中p300表达显著升高(P<0.01),而敲低p300可显著减少细胞内TG、TC含量(P<0.01)及脂滴沉积,并且敲低p300逆转了FFA诱导的ROS水平升高(P<0.01)。此外,p300与SREBP-1c表达及其下游合成代谢相关酶呈正相关。

结论

p300可能通过乙酰化激活SREBP-1c并调控下游脂代谢酶,影响脂质合成及氧化应激促进肝细胞脂质蓄积,可能是脂代谢紊乱相关疾病治疗的潜在靶点。

p300  /  脂质代谢紊乱  /  非酒精性脂肪肝  /  脂肪生成  /  氧化应激
Objective

To investigate the role of p300 in lipid metabolism disorders.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze the expression patterns of p300 in lipid metabolism disorder-related diseases and its correlation with SREBP-1c and downstream lipid metabolic enzymes. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of p300 in the liver tissues of the patients with varying disease severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A mouse model of lipid metabolism disorder was established in male C57BL/6J mice by feeding high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Western blotting was employed to assess p300 expression level in the liver tissues of HFD-fed mice. A cell model of lipid metabolism disorder was established in HepG2/AML-12 cells induced with free fatty acid (FFA). The effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of p300 was observed to measure the levels of intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), lipid deposition, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results

Clinically, p300 was highly expressed in lipid metabolism disorders, and its level was positively correlated with NAFLD severity (P<0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that p300 expression was significantly associated with fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, lipogenesis, PPAR signaling pathway, and peroxisome pathway. In vivo, p300 was significantly up-regulated in the livers of HFD-fed mice (P<0.01). In vitro, FFA stimulation markedly increased p300 expression in both HepG2 and AML-12 cells (P<0.01), whereas p300 knockdown significantly reduced intracellular TG and TC levels (P<0.01), attenuated lipid droplet accumulation, and reversed FFA-induced ROS elevation (P<0.01). Furthermore, p300 expression was positively correlated with the expression of SREBP-1c and its downstream key lipid synthesis enzymes.

Conclusion

p300 may promote hepatic lipid accumulation by acetylating and activating SREBP-1c and regulating downstream lipid metabolic enzymes, thereby affecting lipid synthesis and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that p300 may be a potential therapeutic target for lipid metabolism disorder-related diseases.

p300  /  lipid metabolism disorder  /  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  lipogenesis  /  oxidative stress
Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh Nuhu, 李小丽, 方路, 蔡永青, 陈飞, 袁烈, 杨雄, 蒋青松, 刘胤伯, 刘超, 钟佩伶, 曾梦华. p300在脂代谢紊乱中通过调控SREBP-1c乙酰化促进肝细胞脂质蓄积. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (22) : 2735 -2748 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508046
Abdul-Rauf Nyewneh NUHU, Xiaoli LI, Lu FANG, Yongqing CAI, Fei CHEN, Lie YUAN, Xiong YANG, Qingsong JIANG, Yinbo LIU, Chao LIU, Peiling ZHONG, Menghua ZENG. p300 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation in dyslipidemia by regulating SREBP-1c acetylation[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (22) : 2735 -2748 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508046
脂质代谢紊乱是指由先天性或获得性因素造成的血液及其他组织器官中脂质及其代谢产物质和量的异常。随着现代生活方式的持续转变,脂质代谢紊乱在人群中的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。脂质代谢紊乱容易导致脂质在肝脏、心血管系统等组织中过度积聚,引发细胞功能障碍、氧化应激及慢性炎症等一系列病理过程,进而促进非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)、2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)和动脉粥样硬化等代谢性疾病的发生与发展[1]。
近年来,尽管生活方式干预和多种降脂、降糖药物在临床实践中被广泛应用,并在一定程度上缓解了脂代谢紊乱带来的健康负担,但因其疗效受限、依从性较差及潜在毒副作用,仍难以从根本上遏制该类疾病的进展[2-4]。此外,传统治疗手段对脂质代谢调控网络的干预多为非特异性,无法精准靶向其核心病理机制。因此,迫切需要从分子与细胞层面深入解析脂质代谢异常的关键调控因子及其作用机制,为开发新型靶向治疗策略提供理论基础。
p300是一种重要的染色质调节因子,大小约为300 kDa,是一种多功能蛋白,对组蛋白和非组蛋白(如多种转录因子)具有乙酰转移酶活性[5- 6]。p300通过乙酰化作用调控多种脂质代谢相关转录因子和酶,在脂肪合成、分解和存储过程中发挥重要作用[7]。文献报道,p300通过乙酰化SREBP-1c,增强其转录活性,促进脂肪酸和甘油三酯合成[8]。p300通过乙酰化调控PPARγ等脂解相关转录因子,影响脂肪细胞的存储和分解功能[9]。在肥胖和T2DM小鼠模型中,高p300活性与肝脏脂肪变性密切相关[10]。这些发现提示,抑制p300可能为代谢性疾病的治疗提供新的策略。
本研究基于NAFLD患者肝组织、脂代谢紊乱小鼠模型及游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)刺激下的肝细胞模型,系统评估p300在脂代谢紊乱状态下的表达变化,并结合RNA干扰技术探讨其在脂质代谢中的作用,为相关疾病的干预策略提供新的靶点参考。
人肝癌细胞HepG2购自上海中乔新舟生物科技有限公司,培养在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,置于含5% CO2的37 ℃培养箱中生长。小鼠正常肝细胞AML-12购自上海中乔新舟生物科技有限公司,培养在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12[含1% 胰岛素-转铁蛋白-硒(insulin-transferrin-selenium,ITG-S)以及40 ng/mL地塞米松]培养基中,置于含5% CO2的37 ℃培养箱中生长。所有细胞系均通过STR分析进行了鉴定,同时支原体检测结果均为阴性。
10只SPF级雄性 C57BL/6J小鼠(6周龄,体质量21±1 g)购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司。本研究所有操作均得到重庆医科大学动物管理和使用委员会的许可(IACUC-CQMU-2024-0430)。
人肝脏样本来源于重庆医科大学附属第一医院术中肝脏活检,并收集了所有个体的书面知情同意书。该研究符合医学伦理原则和赫尔辛基宣言,获得了重庆医科大学附属第一医院伦理委员会的批准(2024-061-01)。
PMSF、RIPA裂解液、Western/IP裂解液、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、(5×)上样缓冲液、0.25%胰酶消化液、BSA、Lipo8000TM Transfection Reagent、改良油红O染色试剂盒以及苏木素购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;DMEM培养基、DMEM/F12培养基以及Opti-MEM®购自美国Gibco有限公司;胎牛血清购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司;ITG-S、地塞米松、无菌PBS缓冲液购自上海中乔新舟生物科技有限公司;油酸购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;棕榈酸以及HE染液套装购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;4%多聚甲醛购自北京兰杰柯科技有限公司;TG/TC测定试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所;Western BrightTM ECL购自美国Advansta公司;p300兔单克隆抗体购自CST公司;β-actin鼠多克隆抗体购自美国Santa cruz公司;辣根过氧化物酶偶联抗兔IgG抗体以及辣根过氧化物酶偶联抗小鼠IgG抗体购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司;RNAios Plus、RNA逆转录试剂盒、SYBR Green定量试剂盒购自北京宝日医生物技术有限公司。
访问GEO(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/),以“肥胖”、“NAFLD”以及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)“NASH ”为关键词进行数据集的筛选,下载该数据集下的原始数据,包括基因名、分组以及表达量。
使用GSEA对目的分子p300在脂代谢紊乱相关疾病中的表达情况进行分析。首先,基于GEO数据库中相关数据集的p300表达量,提取所有样本的基因表达数据。随后,使用GSEA软件进行富集分析,以确定p300所影响的生物学通路,结果以标准化富集分数(normalized enrichment score,NES)和FDR表示。
肝组织切片65 ℃烤片2 h后脱蜡、水化,并进行EDTA抗原修复。在室温下使用3%过氧化氢封闭内源性过氧化物酶,随后滴加非免疫正常山羊血清孵育30 min。加入p300一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜。次日加入HRP-Polymer二抗,室温孵育30 min。使用TYR-570荧光染料显色5 min,最后经DAPI染核、封片后,于多通道荧光扫描仪下采集图像,并使用Image J软件定量分析。
小鼠在温度(22±2)℃和湿度(60±5)%下饲养,光照/黑暗循环12 h。10只小鼠随机分为Control组和高脂饮食喂养(high fat diet,HFD)组(n=5)。Control组小鼠普通饲料喂养,HFD组小鼠高脂饮食喂养12周。实验结束后所有小鼠禁食不禁水12 h,眼球取血,全血4 ℃静置2 h后,1 000 ×g离心10 min,取血清,采用全自动生化仪检测小鼠血清中TG和TC含量。
将小鼠处死后取出肝脏,迅速用生理盐水冲洗,去除血液杂质,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定24 h。固定后的组织依次经70%、80%、95%、100%梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明后石蜡包埋,并用切片机制成5 μm厚切片。切片经水浴展片、脱蜡和水化处理后进行HE染色。先用苏木精染色10 min,再用伊红染色5 min。染色完成后再次脱水、透明,并用中性树脂封片。最终在光学显微镜下观察并拍摄组织图像,用于评估肝组织的结构变化和病理状态。
肝脏油红O染色:制备厚度6~10 μm的冰冻组织切片,用蒸馏水冲洗后浸入60%异丙醇漂洗30 s。将油红O储备液与蒸馏水按6∶4混合,染色10 min,再用60%异丙醇轻轻漂洗,蒸馏水冲洗。切片用Mayer苏木素染核1 min,1%盐酸水溶液分化,蒸馏水漂洗或用稀碳酸锂溶液促蓝,擦干边缘水分。最后封片,于显微镜下观察并采集图像。
细胞油红O染色:用PBS洗涤细胞后,加入染色洗涤液20 s。去除洗涤液,加入油红O染色液,使染液均匀覆盖细胞,染色40 min。染色后去除染液,加入染色洗涤液30 s,再用PBS洗涤。最后使用苏木素复染细胞核。最终加入PBS覆盖细胞,在显微镜下观察和拍照。
细胞样本在含有PMSF的Western/IP裂解缓冲液中裂解。组织样本液氮研磨后,按照70 mg/200 μL的RIPA裂解液体系裂解。裂解完成后16 099 ×g离心15 min收集上清液,使用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,使用(5×)loding buffer中制备样本,煮沸。随后,样品进行SDS-PAGE电泳,并转移到PVDF 膜上。用5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h,一抗在4 ℃下孵育过夜,二抗在室温下孵育2 h,最后使用化学发光仪对蛋白条带进行可视化。
使用Trizol试剂从细胞或组织中提取总RNA。采用PrimeScript RT试剂盒合成cDNA,并使用SYBR Green Master Mix进行定量PCR反应。相对基因表达水平通过2-ΔΔCt方法计算,β-actin作为内参基因。所使用引物序列如下:β-actin(人:CCTGGCACCCAGCACAAT;CCTGGCACC-CAGCACAAT;鼠:CCTGGCACCCAGCACAAT; GGG-CCGGACTCGTCATAC);p300(人:AGCCAAGCGGCC-TAAACTC;TCACCACCATTGGTTAGTCCC;鼠:AGCCA-AGCGGCCTAAACTC; CGCCACCATTGGTTAGTCCC)。每个实验独立重复3次。
将1×106个细胞接种于T25培养瓶中,并在含5% CO2、37℃细胞培养箱中培养12 h。随后向无菌EP管中加入250 μL的Opti-MEM培养基和200 pmol的siRNA,充分混匀后,加入8 μL的lipo8000转染试剂制成转染混合液,室温孵育20 min。最后将250 μL转染混合液加入培养瓶中,培养4 h后换液并继续培养48 h。
细胞样本处理:收集细胞后,200 μL的PBS,在冰水浴条件下超声破碎(功率300 W,5 s/次,间隔30 s,重复5次)。组织样本处理:准确称量组织,剪碎,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1∶9的比例,加入9倍体积PBS,在冰水浴条件机械匀浆,700 ×g离心10 min,取上清液待测。最后根据相应试剂盒说明进行检测并计算。
按照1∶1 000用Opti-MEM稀释DCFH-DA,使终浓度为10 μmol/L;弃上清,收集细胞,悬浮于稀释好的DCFH-DA中(细胞浓度为1~2×107个/mL),置于培养箱内孵育20 min。每隔5分钟颠倒混匀,随后用PBS洗涤细胞3次,以充分去除未进入细胞内的DCFH-DA。最后使用流式细胞仪测定FITC通道荧光强度。每个实验独立重复3次。
利用GEO公共转录组数据库中已发表的数据,分析p300表达与脂代谢相关基因的相关性。根据数据集说明提取基因表达值,采用 Pearson 相关系数评价p300与目标基因(包括SREBP-1c、FASN、ELOVL1、ELOVL6和 ACACA)之间的线性关系。
使用GraphPad Prism 8.2软件进行统计分析,两组间比较时采用双侧独立样本t检验,多组间比较则采用单因素方差分析,以评估不同实验组之间的显著性差异。所有实验数据均以x¯±s表示,P<0.05 被认为差异具有统计学意义。
利用GEO数据库筛选并纳入了4个公开的GSE数据集,并对其中p300表达水平变化进行了系统性分析。结果显示,p300水平在NAFLD细胞模型中显著上调(P<0.05,图1A),在NAFLD患者的肝脏中也有上调的趋势(图1B)。当疾病谱系由NAFLD加重至NASH,p300水平进一步上调(P<0.01,图1C),而接受药物治疗后,p300水平明显下调(P<0.05,图1D),上述结果提示p300高表达可能与脂代谢紊乱密切相关。
基于GEO数据库中样本的转录组表达数据,按照p300表达高低对样本进行分组,并进行GSEA分析。结果显示,p300在脂肪酸代谢、胆固醇稳态调节、脂肪生成以及PPAR信号通路等多条脂质代谢相关通路呈现显著正向富集,其NES>1,且显著性指标满足NOM p-value<0.05和FDR q-value<0.25(图2A~D)。此外,过氧酶体相关通路也与p300的表达水平呈显著关联(图2E)。上述结果表明,相关脂质代谢通路在p300高表达组中显著富集,p300表达水平与这些通路具有显著正相关性。
纳入30例接受了肝活检的NAFLD患者,并对其肝组织进行了HE染色评估肝脏组织学变化。依据NAFLD活动度评分(NAFLD activity score,NAS)对样本进行分级,评分标准包括肝细胞大泡性变性、炎症浸润和肝细胞气球样变3个方面。评分结果显示,NAFLD 1-2(轻度)患者肝细胞轻中度水肿伴气球样变,少数肝细胞出现变性以及炎性浸润;NAFLD 3-4(中度)患者肝细胞大泡型脂肪变性显著,伴肝细胞水肿及广泛气球样变;NAFLD 5-6(重度)患者肝组织结构紊乱,脂肪变性明显,伴局灶炎性浸润及轻度出血(图3A)。
进一步对不同NAFLD活动度评分的NAFLD患者的肝脏组织切片进行了p300免疫荧光染色。蓝色荧光代表细胞核,绿色荧光强度代表p300的表达水平。结果显示,与NAFLD 1-2组比较,NAFLD 3-4组的绿色荧光强度显著增强(P<0.01,图3B、C),与NAFLD 3-4组比较,NAFLD 5-6组绿色荧光强度进一步增强(P<0.05,图3B、C)。此外,相关性分析结果表明,p300的表达水平与NAS呈显著正相关(r>0.3,P<0.01,图3D)。这些结果表明p300的表达水平随着NAFLD活动度评分(疾病严重程度)的增加而显著上调,提示p300可能与脂代谢紊乱的病理进程密切相关。
通过高脂喂养12周建立脂代谢紊乱小鼠模型。小鼠体质量结果显示,与Control组小鼠相比,HFD组小鼠体质量显著升高(P<0.01,图4A)。血清生化分析结果显示,Control组小鼠血清中TC以及TG处于低水平(图4B);与Control组小鼠相比,HFD组小鼠血清中TC、TG显著升高(P<0.01,图4B)。肝脏脂质检测结果显示,与Control组小鼠相比,HFD组小鼠肝脏中TC、TG显著升高(P<0.01,图4C)。肝脏大体结果显示,Control组小鼠肝脏外观为深红棕色,肝脏质地均匀且坚实,表面光滑,无肿胀;HFD组小鼠肝脏质地松软,边缘圆钝,颜色呈现粉红色,表面呈现白色点状,且显著肿胀(图4D)。肝脏HE染色结果表明,Control组小鼠肝小叶结构完整,肝细胞无明显水肿或变性现象,肝细胞在肝小叶内呈放射状有序排列,肝小叶的边界清晰;HFD组小鼠肝小叶结构遭到破坏,肝细胞呈现明显的脂肪变性,部分肝细胞内出现大量脂质沉积形成的空泡(图4E)。此外,油红O染色结果显示,Control组小鼠肝脏中未观察到明显的脂肪沉积,而HFD组小鼠肝组织中可见大量被油红染料特异性染色的红色脂滴(图4F)。上述结果表明,高脂饮食可有效诱导小鼠体质量增加和脂质代谢异常,成功建立了脂代谢紊乱的动物模型。
通过Western blot技术检测2组小鼠肝脏中p300表达水平。结果显示,与Control组小鼠相比,HFD组小鼠肝脏中p300表达水平显著上调(P<0.01,图5)。提示在高脂饮食诱导的脂代谢紊乱状态下,p300表达水平发生明显变化。
通过FFA(油酸∶棕榈酸=2∶1)处理HepG2以及AML-12细胞24 h,建立体外脂代谢紊乱细胞模型。进一步通过Western blot检测FFA诱导的HepG2和AML-12细胞中p300的表达水平。结果显示,与Control组相比,FFA处理后2株细胞中p300的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.01,图6A、B),提示在脂代谢紊乱状态下p300表达显著上调。
通过转染p300 siRNA对HepG2和AML-12细胞进行基因沉默,采用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测p300的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,以验证敲低效率。结果显示,与FFA组相比,转染p300 siRNA后HepG2和AML-12细胞中p300的mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.01,图7A、B);同时,Western blot结果同样显示,与FFA组相比,敲低p300后2株肝细胞中p300蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.01,图7C、D),说明敲低成功。
通过siRNA技术实现对p300基因的靶向沉默,观察其对FFA诱导的细胞脂代谢紊乱的影响。首先通过检测细胞内TC、TG含量,探究p300对HepG2和AML-12细胞脂质含量的影响。结果显示,与Control组相比,FFA组细胞内TC、TG含量显著上调(P<0.01,图8A~D),而敲低p300后,TC、TG含量较FFA组显著下调(P<0.01,图8A~D)。其次通过油红O染色,探究p300对FFA诱导的HepG2和AML-12细胞脂质沉积的影响。结果显示,Control组镜下可见少量脂滴(图8E、F);与Control组相比,FFA处理细胞24 h后,细胞中红色脂滴明显增多(图8E、F),细胞出现脂质堆积;与FFA组相比,敲低p300后2株细胞内的红色脂滴数量明显减少(图8E、F)。以上结果提示,p300的缺失能够有效降低细胞脂质积累。
为了探讨p300对氧化应激的作用,通过转入DCFH-DA荧光探针,采用流式细胞术检测了细胞内ROS水平。结果显示,FFA造模后,ROS水平显著升高(P<0.01,图9A、B),细胞出现氧化应激,而敲低p300后,细胞内ROS水平显著下降(P<0.01,图9A、B)。以上结果提示,p300的下调能够有效缓解氧化应激过程,降低自由基的积累,从而减少由氧化应激引起的脂质过氧化和细胞损伤。
为探讨p300在脂代谢紊乱中的潜在机制,分析公共数据集中p300与脂肪酸代谢相关基因的相关性,包括SREBP-1c、FASN、ACACA、ELOVL1和ELOVL6。结果显示,p300的表达与上述所有基因均呈显著正相关(r>0.3,P<0.01,图10A~E),提示p300可能通过调控这些下游底物参与脂质合成和脂肪酸延长过程。该结果为后续机制研究提供了分子线索,说明p300可能通过调控SREBP-1c及其下游关键酶促进脂质积累。
全球范围内,肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的患病率呈现持续上升趋势[11],这一现象在发达国家和新兴经济体中尤为显著。脂代谢紊乱已成为导致慢性病高死亡率的关键因素之一。常见的脂质代谢紊乱相关疾病包括NAFLD、肥胖症、酮症酸中毒以及高脂蛋白血症等[12]。这些疾病不仅损害机体的正常代谢功能,还可能引发一系列严重的临床并发症。尽管脂代谢紊乱的临床危害已得到广泛关注,其分子调控机制仍不完全明确。越来越多的研究表明,组蛋白乙酰转移酶p300在细胞代谢调控中发挥关键作用,其异常激活可能参与脂质代谢的失衡。基于此,本研究重点关注p300在脂代谢紊乱中的表达特征及潜在作用机制。
p300是一种泛素结构域的组蛋白乙酰转移酶,广泛参与多种细胞生物学过程,包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡以及代谢调控[13-15]。其作为共激活因子能够通过乙酰化组蛋白和非组蛋白底物(如转录因子),调节染色质结构和基因表达。近年来,越来越多的研究发现p300在代谢相关疾病中异常激活[16-17],提示其可能在脂代谢紊乱相关疾病如肥胖、NAFLD、2型糖尿病中发挥关键调控作用。
已有研究表明,在代谢紊乱相关的应激条件下,p300表达水平普遍上调。例如,在HFD诱导的NAFLD小鼠模型中,肝组织中p300水平显著升高[18];而在双酚S诱导的HepG2细胞NAFLD模型中也观察到上调趋势[19]。这些结果提示,p300可能作为代谢紊乱状态的一种关键应答因子,参与脂质积聚的调控过程,并在肝脏代谢失衡中发挥潜在作用。然而,现有研究对p300在经典的FFA诱导肝细胞脂质积聚模型中的作用尚未进行直接验证。同时,关于p300在脂代谢紊乱人群中的表达特征也缺乏系统的研究。因此,本研究在上述基础上进一步拓展。结果显示,p300在多个脂代谢紊乱相关数据集中呈现高表达,且NAFLD患者肝脏免疫荧光染色结果提示,患者肝脏中p300水平与NAFLD病理分级呈显著正相关。且体内外实验均证实,p300在HFD诱导的脂代谢紊乱动物模型以及FFA诱导的HepG2以及AML-12细胞脂代谢紊乱模型中高表达。为进一步揭示p300的生物学功能,本研究进行了GSEA分析,结果显示p300的表达显著影响脂肪酸代谢、胆固醇稳态以及脂肪生成等脂质代谢通路,从而加重脂肪肝等疾病的病理进程。值得注意的是,p300的表达与PPAR信号通路显著正相关,与已有研究双酚S能够激活PPARα促进p300的转录,增加p300表达水平报道一致[8]。以上结果表明,p300可能在脂代谢紊乱相关疾病的发生发展中发挥关键作用。
已有研究表明,在老年鼠中敲低p300后能够有效缓解与年龄相关的肝脏脂肪变性[18]。此外,有文献报道,在FFA诱导的HepG2细胞NAFLD模型中,使用p300特异性抑制剂C646能够下调脂肪生成相关基因表达[20]。然而,当前尚缺乏在经典的FFA诱导肝细胞脂质积聚模型中直接敲低p300并检测其对脂质代谢的影响。在本研究中,本课题组通过RNA干扰方式下调p300表达,发现其可显著逆转FFA处理所导致的TC、TG含量上调,并显著减少脂滴的堆积,改善细胞脂代谢紊乱。
在氧化应激条件下,细胞膜和脂蛋白中的多不饱和脂肪酸、磷脂以及胆固醇酯等成分极易被自由基诱导发生脂质过氧化反应,这一过程不仅加速脂肪储备的异常消耗,同时产生多种具有细胞毒性的氧化产物,导致脂质代谢网络的整体紊乱,进而引发一系列病理生理学改变[21]。因此,通过调控氧化应激水平来维持细胞内氧化还原平衡,对于保障细胞稳态和代谢功能的正常运行具有重要的生理意义。前期GSEA分析显示,p300的表达水平与过氧化物酶体通路显著相关,提示p300可能通过调控过氧化物酶体功能参与氧化还原平衡的维持。作为细胞内ROS清除的关键细胞器,过氧化物酶体功能异常将直接导致活性氧累积,引发氧化损伤。因此在本研究中,我们通过RNA干扰下调p300表达后,检测了细胞内ROS含量,结果表明,敲低p300可以显著减少细胞内ROS含量,缓解细胞氧化应激。
前期研究提示,p300可能通过调控氧化应激和脂质沉积参与NAFLD的发生,但其具体分子机制尚不明确。已有研究表明,SREBP-1c是p300的重要底物,p300可通过乙酰化激活SREBP-1c,从而增强其转录活性[22-23]。作为脂肪生成的关键转录因子,SREBP-1c能够调控下游脂代谢相关酶的表达和活性,参与甘油三酯合成、脂肪酸合成、脂肪酸延伸及胆固醇代谢等多种脂代谢过程[24-25]。基于这一机制假设,我们利用GEO数据库分析了NAFLD患者肝脏样本中p300与SREBP-1c的表达相关性,结果显示二者呈显著正相关,初步验证了p300可能通过SREBP-1c参与脂质代谢调控。此外,结合我们前期的GSEA分析,p300的高表达与脂肪酸代谢通路显著相关,提示其可能在脂质代谢过程中发挥重要作用。进一步分析显示,p300与SREBP-1c下游关键脂肪酸代谢酶,包括FASN、ACACA、ELOVL1及ELOVL6,也均呈显著正相关。该结果提示,p300-SREBP-1c轴可能作为脂质代谢紊乱中的核心调控节点,通过调节下游脂代谢酶的表达与活性,参与脂质合成和积聚过程。
综上所述,本研究从生物信息学、临床样本、细胞和动物模型多个层面系统揭示了p300在脂质代谢紊乱状态中的持续高表达特征,且其水平与NAFLD病理分级密切相关。进一步实验证实,下调p300可有效改善FFA诱导的脂质积聚和代谢异常,提示p300在脂代谢紊乱进程中发挥关键调控作用。机制分析表明,p300可能通过乙酰化调控其关键底物SREBP-1c的转录活性,进一步影响下游脂代谢酶(包括FASN、ACACA、ELOVL1及ELOVL6)的表达与活性,从而参与甘油三酯合成、脂肪酸合成与延伸及胆固醇代谢等过程。这些结果不仅加深了对p300在代谢性疾病中功能的认识,也为开发针对p300的干预策略提供了实验基础,提示其有望成为脂代谢紊乱相关疾病的潜在药物靶点。未来研究可进一步系统解析p300调控SREBP-1c及下游脂肪酸合成酶的分子机制,探索p300底物蛋白网络对脂代谢和氧化应激的协同作用,评估p300特异性抑制剂在动物模型及临床前干预中的疗效和安全性。

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2025年第47卷第22期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508046
  • 接收时间:2025-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18
  • 修回日期:2025-10-25
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    1重庆医科大学药学院,重庆
    2重庆医科大学附属第一医院胃肠外科,重庆
    3重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
    4陆军军医大学大坪医院药剂科,重庆
    5达州市中西医结合医院药学科,四川 达州

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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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