Article(id=1322954235452728062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954180431847810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509040, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757520000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-11, revisedDate=1763654400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346469032, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346469032, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346469032, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346469032, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954180431847810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='23', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3008', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765728000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346455915, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346455915, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2991, endPage=3001, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954235658248959, articleId=1322954235452728062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Integrative model combining deep learning, clinical and radiomic features enhances EGFR mutation prediction in non-small cell lung cancer, columnId=1322190400052380037, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Biomedical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To evaluate the predictive value of deep learning features from chest CT images combined with clinical and radiomics features for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods This case-control study retrospectively analyzed clinical and imaging data of 1 070 NSCLC patients from radiology departments at three hospitals (January 2013 to October 2023). Patients were divided into: a training set (n=502) and internal validation set (n=217) via 7∶3 randomization of 719 cases from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University; external validation set 1 (n=173) from General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command; external validation set 2 (n=178) from Daping Hospital of Army Medical University. Deep learning features were extracted using a 2.5D convolutional neural network (CNN) with ResNet101 backbone, radiomics features were derived from CT images, and clinical risk factors were identified to construct models. An integrated model combined deep learning, clinical, and radiomics features. All four models were developed using random forest (RF) classifiers. Calibration curves assessed goodness-of-fit, and decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluated clinical utility.
Results The deep learning model achieved AUCs of 0.833 7 (95%CI: 0.770 6~0.884 7), 0.815 1 (0.741 6~0.882 8), and 0.810 1 (0.745 2~0.873 6) in the internal and two external validation sets, respectively. Clinical models yielded AUCs of 0.731 0 (0.660 2~0.802 1), 0.746 0 (0.666 4~0.824 9), and 0.813 4 (0.743 1~0.883 6); radiomics models showed AUCs of 0.762 4 (0.692 4~0.825 1), 0.745 4 (0.671 1~0.814 3), and 0.724 7 (0.639 7~0.801 6). The integrated model demonstrated optimal performance with AUCs of 0.905 5 (0.857 0~0.945 4), 0.832 7 (0.763 3~0.896 4), and 0.889 0 (0.834 4~0.934 3). DCA indicated significant net benefit for EGFR prediction at threshold probabilities of 0.15~0.85 using the integrated model.
Conclusion Deep learning features from CT images effectively predict EGFR mutation status in NSCLC. The integrated model combining deep learning, clinical, and radiomics features further enhances predictive performance.
, authors=Taotao YANG
1, Wei CHEN
1, Cancan CHEN
2, Wanying YAN
2, Dawei WANG
2, Kunlin XIONG
3, Zhiyuan SUN
4, Xianqi WANG
1, authorsList=Taotao YANG, Wei CHEN, Cancan CHEN, Wanying YAN, Dawei WANG, Kunlin XIONG, Zhiyuan SUN, Xianqi WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xianqi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954238686536459, articleId=1322954235452728062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=融合深度学习、临床与影像组学特征的综合模型提升非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变预测效能, columnId=1322954235754717952, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=生物医学工程·论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 探究胸部CT图像深度学习特征及联合临床特征、影像组学特征预测非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变的应用价值。
方法 采用病例对照研究的方法,回顾性分析2013年1月至2023年10月3家医院放射科1 070例NSCLC患者的临床及影像资料。陆军军医大学第一附属医院719例NSCLC患者按照7∶3的比例随机分成训练集(n=502)、内部验证集(n=217);东部战区总医院173例患者作为外部验证集1;陆军军医大学大坪医院178例患者作为外部验证集2。深度学习特征通过使用主干为ResNet101的2.5D卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)结构所获得,从基于CT的图像中提取影像组学特征,确定临床风险因素以构建临床预测模型,最后将深度学习特征、临床特征、影像组学特征整合构建综合模型。四种分类模型均采用随机森林(random forest,RF)的机器学习方法进行建模。绘制校正曲线以评估综合模型的拟合优度,绘制决策曲线评估模型的临床应用价值。
结果 深度学习模型在内部验证集、外部验证集1、外部验证集2中的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值分别为0.833 7(0.770 6~0.884 7)、0.815 1(0.741 6~0.882 8)和0.810 1(0.745 2~0.873 6),临床模型对应的AUC值分别为0.731 0(0.660 2~0.802 1)、0.746 0(0.666 4~0.824 9)和0.813 4(0.743 1~0.883 6),影像组学模型对应AUC值分别为0.762 4(0.692 4~0.825 1)、0.745 4(0.671 1~0.814 3)和0.724 7(0.639 7~0.801 6),整合后的综合模型预测效能值最优,对应AUC值分别为0.905 5(0.857 0~0.945 4)、0.832 7(0.763 3~0.896 4)和0.889 0(0.834 4~0.934 3)。决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)表明,当阈值概率为0.15~0.85时,综合模型对EGFR的预测具有较高的净获益。
结论 基于CT图像的深度学习特征能较好地预测NSCLC患者的EGFR突变状态,当其联合临床特征、影像组学特征构建的综合模型可适当提高其预测效能。
, authors=杨涛涛
1, 陈伟
1, 陈灿灿
2, 闫婉莹
2, 王大为
2, 熊坤林
3, 孙志远
4, 王显棋
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16(6):1130., articleTitle=Deep-learning-based predictive imaging biomarker model for EGFR mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer from CT imaging, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954239152104204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239160492813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239152104204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Department of Radiology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239173075726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239152104204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院放射科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954239252767503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239265350416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239252767503, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Infervision Medical Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239277933329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239252767503, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2推想医疗科技股份有限公司,北京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954239567340306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239579923219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239567340306, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Department of Radiology,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239588311828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239567340306, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3陆军军医大学大坪医院放射科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954239647032085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239655420694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239647032085, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4Department of Diagnostic Radiology,Eastern Theatre General Hospital,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954239663809303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, companyId=1322954239647032085, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4东部战区总医院放射诊断科,江苏 南京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954247410688844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Patient enrollment flow chart, figureFileSmall=DXe6JBVqPvNxlnjbNcvRNw==, figureFileBig=z9+Gq1t/xQzJm5ONF+8lMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954247498769229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
患者入组流程图, figureFileSmall=DXe6JBVqPvNxlnjbNcvRNw==, figureFileBig=z9+Gq1t/xQzJm5ONF+8lMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954247683318606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
SHAP value distribution diagram of the top 20 characteristics in the comprehensive model, figureFileSmall=PSLG/Z1ey2qeu2os+O6irw==, figureFileBig=1DF/+X3LFx4U4C0sainTSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954247754621775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
综合模型中前20个特征的SHAP值分布图A:SHAP value of the top 20 features in the comprehensive model,red indicating high feature value,blue indicating low feature value; B:Average SHAP value of the top 20 features in the comprehensive model
, figureFileSmall=PSLG/Z1ey2qeu2os+O6irw==, figureFileBig=1DF/+X3LFx4U4C0sainTSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954247821730640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
ROC curves of four models predict EGFR gene mutations in the training set (A),internal validation set (B),, figureFileSmall=xuGNGXrjaMCrX3ZlsCJnQQ==, figureFileBig=wcgWBrYUkgIgC53HBSXWBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954247914005329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
4 种模型分别在训练集(A)、内部验证集(B)、外部验证集 1(C)、外部验证集 2(D)中预测EGFR基因突变的ROC曲线external validation set 1(C),and external validation set 2(D) respectively
, figureFileSmall=xuGNGXrjaMCrX3ZlsCJnQQ==, figureFileBig=wcgWBrYUkgIgC53HBSXWBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954247985308498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Calibration curves of the combined model in training set (A),internal validation set (B),external, figureFileSmall=rP5B7qYDwaMOHbaOZCHXGQ==, figureFileBig=0a0ed0JgxfpAce9JuPkrpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954248039834451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
综合模型在训练集(A)、内部验证集(B)、外部验证集1(C)、外部验证集2(D)的校准曲线validation set 1(C),and external validation set 2(D)
, figureFileSmall=rP5B7qYDwaMOHbaOZCHXGQ==, figureFileBig=0a0ed0JgxfpAce9JuPkrpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954248102749012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
DCA of the combined model in training set (A),internal validation set (B),external validation set 1(C),, figureFileSmall=8sFjCb1DmG11Rg9CBMO4Aw==, figureFileBig=dBuUuy3uoMdjc7KzLJP+XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954248178246485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
综合模型在训练集(A)、内部验证集(B)、外部验证集1(C)、外部验证集2(D)的临床决策曲线and external validation set 2(D)
, figureFileSmall=8sFjCb1DmG11Rg9CBMO4Aw==, figureFileBig=dBuUuy3uoMdjc7KzLJP+XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954248249549654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
CT scanning parameters and image reconstruction parameters in multi-center hospitals
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Hospital | Instrument | Tube voltage /kV | Tube current /mA | Pitch | Rotation time/s | Degree of collimation/mm | Matrix | Convolution kernel | Layer thickness /mm | Interlayer spacing/mm |
|---|
| The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University | SIEMENS Force | 120 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.50 | 192×0.600 | 512×512 | Br59 | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| SIEMENS Flash | 100 | automatic | 1.500 | 0.50 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | B80f | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| SIEMENS Emotion | 110 | automatic | 1.500 | 0.60 | 16×1.200 | 512×512 | B90s | 1.500~3.000 | 1.500~3.000 |
| SIEMENS AS | 120 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.50 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | I70f | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| GE Optima | 120 | automatic | 0.984 | 0.50 | 64×0.625 | 512×512 | standard | 1.250~3.000 | 1.250-3.000 |
Eastern Theater General Hospital | SIEMENS Perspective | 130 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.60 | 64×0.600 | 512×512 | I50S | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| SIEMENS Flash | 100 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.50 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | L50f | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| United-imaging UCT 760 | 120 | automatic | 1.088 | 0.50 | 128×0.625 | 512×512 | B_SHARP_C | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| The Daping Hospital of Army Medical University | GE LightSpeed | 100 | 175 | 0.984 | 0.50 | 64×0.625 | 512×512 | standard | 0.625~3.000 | 0.625~3.000 |
| PHILIPS Brilliance | 100 | 150 | 0.763 | 0.33 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | standard | 0.600~3.000 | 0.600~3.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322954248354407255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
多中心医院CT扫描参数和图像重建参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Hospital | Instrument | Tube voltage /kV | Tube current /mA | Pitch | Rotation time/s | Degree of collimation/mm | Matrix | Convolution kernel | Layer thickness /mm | Interlayer spacing/mm |
|---|
| The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University | SIEMENS Force | 120 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.50 | 192×0.600 | 512×512 | Br59 | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| SIEMENS Flash | 100 | automatic | 1.500 | 0.50 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | B80f | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| SIEMENS Emotion | 110 | automatic | 1.500 | 0.60 | 16×1.200 | 512×512 | B90s | 1.500~3.000 | 1.500~3.000 |
| SIEMENS AS | 120 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.50 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | I70f | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| GE Optima | 120 | automatic | 0.984 | 0.50 | 64×0.625 | 512×512 | standard | 1.250~3.000 | 1.250-3.000 |
Eastern Theater General Hospital | SIEMENS Perspective | 130 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.60 | 64×0.600 | 512×512 | I50S | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| SIEMENS Flash | 100 | automatic | 1.200 | 0.50 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | L50f | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| United-imaging UCT 760 | 120 | automatic | 1.088 | 0.50 | 128×0.625 | 512×512 | B_SHARP_C | 1.000~3.000 | 1.000~3.000 |
| The Daping Hospital of Army Medical University | GE LightSpeed | 100 | 175 | 0.984 | 0.50 | 64×0.625 | 512×512 | standard | 0.625~3.000 | 0.625~3.000 |
| PHILIPS Brilliance | 100 | 150 | 0.763 | 0.33 | 128×0.600 | 512×512 | standard | 0.600~3.000 | 0.600~3.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322954248425710424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954235452728062, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Clinical characteristics of 1 070 patients with NSCLC[n(%)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Characteristics | Training set (n=502) | P | Internal validation (n=217) | P | External validation set 1 (n=173) | P | External validation set 2 (n=178) | P |
|---|
| Wild-type | Mutant | Wild-type | Mutant | Wild-type | Mutant | Wild-type | Mutant |
|---|
| Gender | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
| Female | 66 (36.3) | 199 (62.2) | | 25 (32.1) | 84(60.4) | | 19(35.2) | 78(65.5) | | 9(14.8) | 76(65.0) | |
| Male | 116 (63.7) | 121 (37.8) | | 53(67.9) | 55(39.6) | | 35(64.8) | 41(34.5) | | 52(85.2) | 41(35.0) | |
| Smoking history | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
| Yes | 99 (54.4) | 90 (28.1) | | 47(60.3) | 36 (25.9) | | 26(48.1) | 21(17.6) | | 47(77.0) | 25(21.4) | |
| No | 83 (45.6) | 230 (71.9) | | 31(39.7) | 103(74.1) | | 28(51.9) | 98(82.4) | | 14(23.0) | 92(78.6) | |
| CYFRA21-1/(ng/mL) | | | 0.002 | | | 0.131 | | | 0.286 | | | 0.131 |
| >5 | 49(26.9) | 50 (15.6) | | 26(33.3) | 23(16.5) | | 26(48.1) | 47(39.5) | | 24(39.3) | 33(28.2) | |
| ≤5 | 133 (73.1) | 270 (84.4) | | 52(66.7) | 116(83.5) | | 28(51.9) | 72(60.5) | | 37(60.7) | 84(71.8) | |
| Pathological type | | | <0.001 | | | 0.637 | | | | | | 0.637 |
| Adenocarcinoma | 144 (79.1) | 317 (99.1) | | 64(82.1) | 135 (97.1) | | 54(100.0) | 119(100.0) | | 60(98.4) | 116(99.1) | |
| Squamous carcinoma | 38 (20.9) | 3 (0.9) | | 14 (17.9) | 4 (2.9) | | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | | 1 (1.6) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Clinical stage | | | 0.025 | | | 0.005 | | | 0.032 | | | 0.005 |
| Ⅰ | 54 (29.7) | 104 (32.5) | | 35(44.9) | 52 (37.4) | | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | | 16(26.2) | 35 (29.9) | |
| Ⅱ | 8 (4.4) | 15 (4.7) | | 6 (7.7) | 7(5.0) | | 2(3.7) | 3 (2.5) | | 3 (4.9) | 8 (6.8) | |
| Ⅲ | 41 (22.5) | 39 (12.2) | | 10 (12.8) | 18 (12.9) | | 8 (14.8) | 7(5.9) | | 23(37.7) | 17 (14.5) | |
| Ⅳ | 79 (43.4) | 162 (50.6) | | 27(34.6) | 62(44.6) | | 42 (77.8) | 109 (91.6) | | 19(31.1) | 57 (48.7) | |
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1 070例NSCLC患者的临床特征[例(%)]
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| Characteristics | Training set (n=502) | P | Internal validation (n=217) | P | External validation set 1 (n=173) | P | External validation set 2 (n=178) | P |
|---|
| Wild-type | Mutant | Wild-type | Mutant | Wild-type | Mutant | Wild-type | Mutant |
|---|
| Gender | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
| Female | 66 (36.3) | 199 (62.2) | | 25 (32.1) | 84(60.4) | | 19(35.2) | 78(65.5) | | 9(14.8) | 76(65.0) | |
| Male | 116 (63.7) | 121 (37.8) | | 53(67.9) | 55(39.6) | | 35(64.8) | 41(34.5) | | 52(85.2) | 41(35.0) | |
| Smoking history | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
| Yes | 99 (54.4) | 90 (28.1) | | 47(60.3) | 36 (25.9) | | 26(48.1) | 21(17.6) | | 47(77.0) | 25(21.4) | |
| No | 83 (45.6) | 230 (71.9) | | 31(39.7) | 103(74.1) | | 28(51.9) | 98(82.4) | | 14(23.0) | 92(78.6) | |
| CYFRA21-1/(ng/mL) | | | 0.002 | | | 0.131 | | | 0.286 | | | 0.131 |
| >5 | 49(26.9) | 50 (15.6) | | 26(33.3) | 23(16.5) | | 26(48.1) | 47(39.5) | | 24(39.3) | 33(28.2) | |
| ≤5 | 133 (73.1) | 270 (84.4) | | 52(66.7) | 116(83.5) | | 28(51.9) | 72(60.5) | | 37(60.7) | 84(71.8) | |
| Pathological type | | | <0.001 | | | 0.637 | | | | | | 0.637 |
| Adenocarcinoma | 144 (79.1) | 317 (99.1) | | 64(82.1) | 135 (97.1) | | 54(100.0) | 119(100.0) | | 60(98.4) | 116(99.1) | |
| Squamous carcinoma | 38 (20.9) | 3 (0.9) | | 14 (17.9) | 4 (2.9) | | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | | 1 (1.6) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Clinical stage | | | 0.025 | | | 0.005 | | | 0.032 | | | 0.005 |
| Ⅰ | 54 (29.7) | 104 (32.5) | | 35(44.9) | 52 (37.4) | | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | | 16(26.2) | 35 (29.9) | |
| Ⅱ | 8 (4.4) | 15 (4.7) | | 6 (7.7) | 7(5.0) | | 2(3.7) | 3 (2.5) | | 3 (4.9) | 8 (6.8) | |
| Ⅲ | 41 (22.5) | 39 (12.2) | | 10 (12.8) | 18 (12.9) | | 8 (14.8) | 7(5.9) | | 23(37.7) | 17 (14.5) | |
| Ⅳ | 79 (43.4) | 162 (50.6) | | 27(34.6) | 62(44.6) | | 42 (77.8) | 109 (91.6) | | 19(31.1) | 57 (48.7) | |
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Prediction power values of four classification models in different data sets
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| Data sets | Model | AUC(95%CI) | Accuracy | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|
| Training set | CNN model | 0.979 2(0.968 7~0.987 4) | 0.898 4 | 0.843 7 | 0.994 5 |
| Radiomics model | 0.981 4(0.970 6~0.989 4) | 0.922 3 | 0.893 7 | 0.972 5 |
| Clinical model | 0.726 7(0.677 4~0.767 7) | 0.709 2 | 0.790 6 | 0.565 9 |
| Combined model | 0.974 4(0.962 8~0.984 0) | 0.910 4 | 0.918 7 | 0.895 6 |
| Internal validation set | CNN model | 0.833 7(0.770 6~0.884 7) | 0.718 9 | 0.661 9 | 0.820 5 |
| Radiomics model | 0.762 4(0.692 4~0.825 1) | 0.705 1 | 0.690 6 | 0.730 8 |
| Clinical model | 0.731 0(0.660 2~0.802 1) | 0.700 5 | 0.791 4 | 0.538 5 |
| Combined model | 0.905 5(0.857 0~0.945 4) | 0.843 3 | 0.877 7 | 0.782 1 |
| External validation set 1 | CNN model | 0.815 1(0.741 6~0.882 8) | 0.664 7 | 0.605 0 | 0.796 3 |
| Radiomics model | 0.745 4(0.671 1~0.814 3) | 0.630 1 | 0.546 2 | 0.814 8 |
| Clinical model | 0.746 0(0.666 4~0.824 9) | 0.751 4 | 0.873 9 | 0.481 5 |
| Combined model | 0.832 7(0.763 3~0.896 4) | 0.745 7 | 0.806 7 | 0.611 1 |
| External validation set 2 | CNN model | 0.810 1(0.745 2~0.873 6) | 0.612 4 | 0.444 4 | 0.934 4 |
| Radiomics model | 0.724 7(0.639 7~0.801 6) | 0.668 5 | 0.632 5 | 0.737 7 |
| Clinical model | 0.813 4(0.743 1~0.883 6) | 0.764 0 | 0.794 9 | 0.704 9 |
| Combined model | 0.889 0(0.834 4~0.934 3) | 0.758 4 | 0.709 4 | 0.852 5 |
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四种分类模型在不同数据集中的预测效能值
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| Data sets | Model | AUC(95%CI) | Accuracy | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|
| Training set | CNN model | 0.979 2(0.968 7~0.987 4) | 0.898 4 | 0.843 7 | 0.994 5 |
| Radiomics model | 0.981 4(0.970 6~0.989 4) | 0.922 3 | 0.893 7 | 0.972 5 |
| Clinical model | 0.726 7(0.677 4~0.767 7) | 0.709 2 | 0.790 6 | 0.565 9 |
| Combined model | 0.974 4(0.962 8~0.984 0) | 0.910 4 | 0.918 7 | 0.895 6 |
| Internal validation set | CNN model | 0.833 7(0.770 6~0.884 7) | 0.718 9 | 0.661 9 | 0.820 5 |
| Radiomics model | 0.762 4(0.692 4~0.825 1) | 0.705 1 | 0.690 6 | 0.730 8 |
| Clinical model | 0.731 0(0.660 2~0.802 1) | 0.700 5 | 0.791 4 | 0.538 5 |
| Combined model | 0.905 5(0.857 0~0.945 4) | 0.843 3 | 0.877 7 | 0.782 1 |
| External validation set 1 | CNN model | 0.815 1(0.741 6~0.882 8) | 0.664 7 | 0.605 0 | 0.796 3 |
| Radiomics model | 0.745 4(0.671 1~0.814 3) | 0.630 1 | 0.546 2 | 0.814 8 |
| Clinical model | 0.746 0(0.666 4~0.824 9) | 0.751 4 | 0.873 9 | 0.481 5 |
| Combined model | 0.832 7(0.763 3~0.896 4) | 0.745 7 | 0.806 7 | 0.611 1 |
| External validation set 2 | CNN model | 0.810 1(0.745 2~0.873 6) | 0.612 4 | 0.444 4 | 0.934 4 |
| Radiomics model | 0.724 7(0.639 7~0.801 6) | 0.668 5 | 0.632 5 | 0.737 7 |
| Clinical model | 0.813 4(0.743 1~0.883 6) | 0.764 0 | 0.794 9 | 0.704 9 |
| Combined model | 0.889 0(0.834 4~0.934 3) | 0.758 4 | 0.709 4 | 0.852 5 |
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