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Article(id=1322954225092788801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954180431847810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757520000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-11, revisedDate=1763827200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346466563, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346466563, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346466563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346466563, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954180431847810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='23', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3008', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765728000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346455915, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346455915, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2972, endPage=2978, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954225281532482, articleId=1322954225092788801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Clinical efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with vestibular rehabilitation training (VRT) for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD).

Methods

In this retrospective case-control study, 48 PPPD patients admitted to our rehabilitation center (September 2023 to September 2024) were divided into control group (n=24, VRT only) and study group (n=24, VRT + rTMS). Assessments at baseline and post-treatment included Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Vestibular Symptom Index (VSI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Numeric PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ), and overall response rate.

Results

After 6 weeks, the study group showed significantly higher overall response rate compared to control group (91.67% vs 66.67%, P=0.033). The study group demonstrated significantly lower scores than control group: DHI (37.85±6.46 vs 48.53±7.54, P=0.007), VSI (3.85±0.46 vs 5.53±1.54, P=0.002), HAMD (10.20±6.30 vs 15.74±7.05, P=0.006), PSQI (6.24±1.88 vs 8.89±2.79, P=0.003), and NPQ (15.44±3.26 vs 20.81±9.14, P=0.009).

‍Conclusion

‍Combined low-frequency rTMS and VRT effectively alleviates dizziness symptoms and improves treatment efficacy in PPPD patients.

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目的

探究低频重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS）联合前庭康复训练对持续性姿势-感知性头晕（persistent postural-perceptual dizziness，PPPD）的疗效。

方法

通过病例对照研究分析，纳入我中心于2023年9月至2024年9月收治的48例PPPD患者为研究对象，根据患者对仪器接受程度分为对照组（n=24）和研究组（n=24）。对照组开展前庭康复训练，研究组联合低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗，对比2组治疗前、治疗后的眩晕残障量表（Dizziness Handicap Inventory，DHI）评分、前庭症状指数量表（Vestibular Symptom Index，VSI）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Depression Rating Scale，HAMD）评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI）评分、持续性姿势-知觉头晕调查问卷（Newcastle Prolonged Dizziness Questionnaire，NPQ）评分和治疗总有效率等指标，对比治疗6周后2组的差异。

结果

治疗6周后，与对照组比较，研究组治疗总有效率较对照组显著升高（91.67% vs 66.67%，P＝0.033），研究组较对照组DHI评分（37.85±6.46 vs 48.53±7.54，P=0.007），VSI评分（3.85±0.46 vs 5.53±1.54，P=0.002），HAMD评分（10.20±6.30 vs 15.74±7.05，P=0.006），PSQI评分（6.24±1.88 vs 8.89±2.79，P=0.003），NPQ评分（15.44±3.26 vs 20.81±9.14，P=0.009）评分更低。

结论

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合前庭康复训练治疗方案，可有效改善PPPD患者的头晕不适症状，提高康复有效率。

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王　宁，E-mail：
WANG Ning，E-mail：
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Chin J Rehabil，2023，38（4）：248-252., articleTitle=Research progress on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke dysphagia rehabilitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235045872278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2023.z1.103, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=S1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=44, authorNames=杜恩伟, 苏珊, 焦转转, journalName=中国药理学与毒理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜恩伟，苏珊，焦转转. 基于痰气交阻理论的持续性姿势-感知性头晕治疗体会［J］. 中国药理学与毒理学杂志，2023，37（S1）：72-73., articleTitle=基于痰气交阻理论的持续性姿势-感知性头晕治疗体会, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235129758359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2023.z1.103, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=S1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=45, authorNames=DU E W, SU S, JIAO Z Z, journalName=Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU E W，SU S，JIAO Z Z. Experience of treating persistent postural-perceptual dizziness based on phlegm-qi resistance theory［J］. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol，2023，37（S1）：72-73., articleTitle=Experience of treating persistent postural-perceptual dizziness based on phlegm-qi resistance theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235238810264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1002-2619.2023.08.037, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=1392, pageEnd=1395，1400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=46, authorNames=舒碧莹, 黄文琦, 李文娟, journalName=河北中医, refType=null, unstructuredReference=舒碧莹，黄文琦，李文娟. 中医治疗持续性姿势-感知性头晕研究进展［J］. 河北中医，2023，45（8）：1392-1395，1400., articleTitle=中医治疗持续性姿势-感知性头晕研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235310113433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1002-2619.2023.08.037, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=1392, pageEnd=1395，1400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=47, authorNames=SHU B Y, HUANG W Q, LI W J, journalName=Hebei J Tradit Chin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHU B Y，HUANG W Q，LI W J. 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Hebei J Tradit Chin Med，2023，45（8）：1392-1395，1400., articleTitle=Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treating persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235381416602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.11724/jdmu.2023.04.05, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=309, pageEnd=312, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=48, authorNames=刘晓阳, 吴思慧, 孙晓明, journalName=大连医科大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓阳，吴思慧，孙晓明，等. 小脑靶点rTMS治疗PPPD的临床随机对照研究［J］. 大连医科大学学报，2023，45（4）：309-312., articleTitle=小脑靶点rTMS治疗PPPD的临床随机对照研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235444331163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.11724/jdmu.2023.04.05, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=309, pageEnd=312, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=49, authorNames=LIU X Y, WU S H, SUN X M, journalName=J Dalian Med Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU X Y，WU S H，SUN X M，et al. 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J Dalian Med Univ，2023，45（4）：309-312., articleTitle=A randomized controlled clinical study of cerebellar rTMS in the treatment of PPPD, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235515634332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.13799/j.cnki.mdjyxyxb.2023.04.020, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=4, pageStart=55, pageEnd=58，80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=50, authorNames=禹萌, 周俊超, 任雅芳, journalName=牡丹江医学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=禹萌，周俊超，任雅芳，等. 卒中后情感障碍患者短期内PPPD发生的影响因素分析［J］. 牡丹江医学院学报，2023，44（4）：55-58，80., articleTitle=卒中后情感障碍患者短期内PPPD发生的影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954235591131805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, doi=10.13799/j.cnki.mdjyxyxb.2023.04.020, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=4, pageStart=55, pageEnd=58，80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=51, authorNames=YU M, ZHOU J C, REN Y F, journalName=J Mudanjiang Med Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU M，ZHOU J C，REN Y F，et al. 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J Mudanjiang Med Univ，2023，44（4）：55-58，80., articleTitle=Analysis of influencing factors of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness in patients with post-stroke affective disorder in the short term, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954225902289476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954225910678085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, companyId=1322954225902289476, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Bone and Joint Rehabilitation Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954225919066694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, companyId=1322954225902289476, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1　海军青岛特勤疗养中心骨关节康复科，山东 青岛)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954225994564167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954226002952776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, companyId=1322954225994564167, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Neurological Rehabilitation，Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy，Qingdao，Shandong，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954226011341385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, companyId=1322954225994564167, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2　海军青岛特勤疗养中心神经康复科，山东 青岛)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954227332547164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of baseline characteristics between two groups of patients（n=24，x¯±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeatureResearch groupControl groupχ²/tP
Gender （Male/Female）11/1315/90.4170.519
Age /years50.50±28.5048.50±25.500.6930.493
BMI/（kg/m²）23.10±2.8022.80±3.100.3250.747
Course of illness /weeks8.50±4.209.10±4.800.4280.671
DHI71.33±10.2471.71±10.020.1290.897
VSI10.33±2.2410.71±2.020.6170.540
PSQI16.33±4.2415.71±4.020.5200.606
NPQ46.33±7.2446.71±9.020.1610.873
), ArticleFig(id=1322954228955742815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患者基线特征比较（n=24，x¯±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeatureResearch groupControl groupχ²/tP
Gender （Male/Female）11/1315/90.4170.519
Age /years50.50±28.5048.50±25.500.6930.493
BMI/（kg/m²）23.10±2.8022.80±3.100.3250.747
Course of illness /weeks8.50±4.209.10±4.800.4280.671
DHI71.33±10.2471.71±10.020.1290.897
VSI10.33±2.2410.71±2.020.6170.540
PSQI16.33±4.2415.71±4.020.5200.606
NPQ46.33±7.2446.71±9.020.1610.873
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229060600416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of DHI scores before and after treatment （n=24，x¯±s，points）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatment2 weeks after treatment4 weeks after treatment6 weeks after treatment
Control group71.71±10.0262.65±8.5657.09±8.3048.53±7.54
Research group71.33±10.2457.87±6.1849.11±6.9237.85±6.46
t0.1292.2183.6175.269
P0.8970.0310.0210.007
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229148680801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

治疗前后DHI评分对比（n=24，x¯±s，分）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatment2 weeks after treatment4 weeks after treatment6 weeks after treatment
Control group71.71±10.0262.65±8.5657.09±8.3048.53±7.54
Research group71.33±10.2457.87±6.1849.11±6.9237.85±6.46
t0.1292.2183.6175.269
P0.8970.0310.0210.007
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229245149794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of VSI scores before and after treatment （n=24，x¯±s，points）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatment2 weeks after treatment4 weeks after treatment6 weeks after treatment
Control group10.71±2.028.65±2.567.09±2.305.53±1.54
Research group10.33±2.245.87±1.184.11±1.023.85±0.46
t0.6174.8315.8025.120
P0.5400.0220.0080.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229324841571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

治疗前后VSI评分对比（n=24，x¯±s，分）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatment2 weeks after treatment4 weeks after treatment6 weeks after treatment
Control group10.71±2.028.65±2.567.09±2.305.53±1.54
Research group10.33±2.245.87±1.184.11±1.023.85±0.46
t0.6174.8315.8025.120
P0.5400.0220.0080.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229400339044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of HAMD scores before and after treatment（n=24，x¯±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatmentAfter treatment
Control group21.01±1.6115.74±7.05
Research group20.31±1.2110.20±6.30
t1.7032.871
P0.0930.006
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229480030821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

治疗前、后HAMD评分对比（n=24，x¯±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatmentAfter treatment
Control group21.01±1.6115.74±7.05
Research group20.31±1.2110.20±6.30
t1.7032.871
P0.0930.006
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229551333990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of PSQI scores before and after treatment （n=24，x¯±s，points）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatment2 weeks after treatment4 weeks after treatment6 weeks after treatment
Control group15.71±4.0213.65±3.5611.09±3.308.89±2.79
Research group16.33±4.2411.87±2.189.11±1.926.24±1.88
t0.5205.6102.5413.859
P0.6060.0180.0150.003
), ArticleFig(id=1322954229618442855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954225092788801, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

治疗前后PSQI评分对比（n=24，x¯±s，分）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore treatment2 weeks after treatment4 weeks after treatment6 weeks after treatment
Control group15.71±4.0213.65±3.5611.09±3.308.89±2.79
Research group16.33±4.2411.87±2.189.11±1.926.24±1.88
t0.5205.6102.5413.859
P0.6060.0180.0150.003
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Comparison of NPQ scores before and after treatment （n=24，x¯±s，points）

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治疗前后NPQ评分对比（n=24，x¯±s，分）

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低频重复经颅磁刺激联合前庭康复训练对持续性姿势-感知性头晕的临床效果
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刘彬彬 1 , 王宁 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学·论著 2025,47(23): 2972-2978
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学·论著 2025 , 47 (23) : 2972 -2978
低频重复经颅磁刺激联合前庭康复训练对持续性姿势-感知性头晕的临床效果
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刘彬彬1, 王宁2
作者信息
  • 1　海军青岛特勤疗养中心骨关节康复科，山东 青岛
  • 2　海军青岛特勤疗养中心神经康复科，山东 青岛
通讯作者:
王　宁，E-mail：
WANG Ning，E-mail：
Clinical efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
Binbin LIU1, Ning WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Bone and Joint Rehabilitation Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy
  • 2Department of Neurological Rehabilitation，Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy，Qingdao，Shandong，China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509041
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摘要
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目的

探究低频重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS）联合前庭康复训练对持续性姿势-感知性头晕（persistent postural-perceptual dizziness，PPPD）的疗效。

方法

通过病例对照研究分析，纳入我中心于2023年9月至2024年9月收治的48例PPPD患者为研究对象，根据患者对仪器接受程度分为对照组（n=24）和研究组（n=24）。对照组开展前庭康复训练，研究组联合低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗，对比2组治疗前、治疗后的眩晕残障量表（Dizziness Handicap Inventory，DHI）评分、前庭症状指数量表（Vestibular Symptom Index，VSI）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Depression Rating Scale，HAMD）评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI）评分、持续性姿势-知觉头晕调查问卷（Newcastle Prolonged Dizziness Questionnaire，NPQ）评分和治疗总有效率等指标，对比治疗6周后2组的差异。

结果

治疗6周后，与对照组比较，研究组治疗总有效率较对照组显著升高（91.67% vs 66.67%，P＝0.033），研究组较对照组DHI评分（37.85±6.46 vs 48.53±7.54，P=0.007），VSI评分（3.85±0.46 vs 5.53±1.54，P=0.002），HAMD评分（10.20±6.30 vs 15.74±7.05，P=0.006），PSQI评分（6.24±1.88 vs 8.89±2.79，P=0.003），NPQ评分（15.44±3.26 vs 20.81±9.14，P=0.009）评分更低。

结论

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合前庭康复训练治疗方案，可有效改善PPPD患者的头晕不适症状，提高康复有效率。

持续性姿势-感知性头晕  /  低频重复经颅磁  /  前庭训练  /  康复
Objective

To investigate the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with vestibular rehabilitation training (VRT) for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD).

Methods

In this retrospective case-control study, 48 PPPD patients admitted to our rehabilitation center (September 2023 to September 2024) were divided into control group (n=24, VRT only) and study group (n=24, VRT + rTMS). Assessments at baseline and post-treatment included Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Vestibular Symptom Index (VSI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Numeric PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ), and overall response rate.

Results

After 6 weeks, the study group showed significantly higher overall response rate compared to control group (91.67% vs 66.67%, P=0.033). The study group demonstrated significantly lower scores than control group: DHI (37.85±6.46 vs 48.53±7.54, P=0.007), VSI (3.85±0.46 vs 5.53±1.54, P=0.002), HAMD (10.20±6.30 vs 15.74±7.05, P=0.006), PSQI (6.24±1.88 vs 8.89±2.79, P=0.003), and NPQ (15.44±3.26 vs 20.81±9.14, P=0.009).

‍Conclusion

‍Combined low-frequency rTMS and VRT effectively alleviates dizziness symptoms and improves treatment efficacy in PPPD patients.

persistent posture-perceived dizziness  /  low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetization  /  vestibular training  /  recovery
刘彬彬, 王宁. 低频重复经颅磁刺激联合前庭康复训练对持续性姿势-感知性头晕的临床效果. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (23) : 2972 -2978 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509041
Binbin LIU, Ning WANG. Clinical efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (23) : 2972 -2978 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509041
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持续性姿势-感知性头晕（persistent postural-perceptual dizziness，PPPD），是一种视觉、前庭觉、躯体、感官之间的信息融合异常，产生非旋转性运动错觉或失衡感的复杂临床症状［1］。PPPD属于常见神经退行性疾病，对患者的日常活动、情感和社会功能等具有较大的影响。尽管单纯前庭康复治疗可以有效改善疾病的临床表现，但仍存在疗效差异大、不良反应多、依从性低等问题。重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS）属于无创神经调控手段，其利用脉冲磁场作用于大脑中枢神经系统，改变大脑皮层神经细胞的膜电位，使之产生感应电流，影响脑内代谢和神经电活动，从而引起的一系列生理、生化反应的磁刺激技术，通过改变神经元的兴奋性与可塑性，调节脑功能［2］。前庭康复训练法是通过锻炼，帮助患者缓解因疾病导致的不平衡与眩晕感，从而改善患者的情绪状态［3-4］，即采用针对性的练习与刺激，重建前庭系统与视觉、本体感知之间的信息融合，提升患者的空间定位能力，达到减轻眩晕的目的［5］。目前，将二者应用于该领域的研究较少，因此，本研究通过分析低频rTMS联合前庭康复训练对PPPD的疗效，探讨二者联用的优势，以期为PPPD的康复提供新的选择。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　一般资料
本研究为回顾性病例对照研究，选取我中心2023年9月至2024年9月收治的48例PPPD患者作为研究对象，根据患者对仪器接受程度，分为对照组和研究组，对照组开展前庭康复训练，研究组联合低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗，每组24例。对照组有男性15例，女性9例，年龄为（48.50±25.50）岁；研究组有男性11例，女性13例，年龄为（50.50±28.50）岁。纳入标准：①年龄为23~79岁，且无其他系统严重疾病；②研究对象均经过Barany协会前庭疾病委员会发布的专家共识，检查确诊PPPD，并有明显的前庭功能障碍；③自愿参与研究并签署知情同意书；④临床资料完整；⑤近期未接受其他治疗。排除标准：①颅内金属植入物、心脏起搏器或其他电子仪器，或伴有癫痫或其他可能因磁场刺激诱发疾病的患者；②近6个月曾接受过头部手术，有严重头部创伤或脑内出血病史的患者；③处于妊娠期或哺乳期；④研究相关药物过敏或肝肾功能不全；⑤存在躁狂症发作史；⑥合并严重的认知、语言障碍。
1.2　方法
对照组仅进行前庭康复治疗：①凝视训练：站立位，抬头注视墙壁上的靶子，头部向“左右”、“上下”2个方向转动，随着患者的承受力增大，头的晃动频率逐步加快（频率控制在30~120次/min），同时进行“左右”和“上下”2个动作，每组1 min，每天3次，每次5组。②平衡锻炼：坐位，患者逆时针或顺时针转动头部约1 min，同时闭上眼睛或直视前方，等患者适应后，逐渐加快头部转动频率，每组1 min，每天3次，每次3组。③稳定训练：患者上肢平伸，双腿交替站立，每侧保持15 s为1组，每天3次，每次3组。每周5天，持续6周。
研究组进行低频rTMS联合前庭康复治疗：研究组在对照组的基础上选择购自武汉依瑞德公司的CCY-Ⅳ型rTMS治疗仪（最大磁场强度3T）和70 mm“8”字形磁刺激线圈，将靶点对准患者左前额叶的背侧皮质区，刺激频率1 Hz，80%的静息活动阈值，连续刺激20个序列，每个序列脉冲刺激60次，间隔10 s，共1 200个脉冲，1次/d，5 d/周，持续6周。
1.3　指标观察
1.3.1　对比2组患者临床治疗有效率
根据患者治疗后的症状将治疗效果分为显效、有效、无效。显效为患者的临床症状基本消失，能正常生活；有效为患者头晕发生频次有所降低，各种临床症状有所缓解；无效为患者症状未出现明显改善。总有效率=（显效例数+有效例数）/总例数×100%。
1.3.2　眩晕残障量表（Dizziness Handicap Inventory，DHI）
于治疗前后，采用DHI评分量表［6-7］对2组患者的眩晕程度进行评估，量表包括身躯、情感和功能三方面，总评分100分。轻度眩晕的评分为0~30分，中度眩晕评分为31~60分，重度眩晕评分为61~100分，患者眩晕障碍程度与评分得分呈正相关［8-9］。量表信效度分别为0.901、0.825。
1.3.3　前庭症状指示量法（Vestibular Symptom Inventory，VSI）
观察并记录治疗前后研究组与对照组患者前庭症状，根据VSI评分评估患者平衡度、眩晕、恶心等，每项症状评分10分，共60分，症状严重程度与评分成正比［10］。量表信效度分别为0.877、0.818。
1.3.4　汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Depression Rating Scale，HAMD）
采用17项版本，总分7分以下正常，8~17分轻度抑郁，18~24分中度抑郁，24分以上重度抑郁［11］。评分越高，提示心理状态越差。量表信效度分别为0.848、0.897。
1.3.5　匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI）
评估患者睡眠情况，量表共7个成分组成，每个成分按0~3等级计分，累积各成分得分为PSQI总分，总分范围为0~21，得分越高，表示睡眠质量越差，分数与睡眠质量负相关［12］。量表信效度分别为0.899、0.911。
1.3.6　持续性姿势-知觉头晕调查问卷（Newcastle Prolonged Dizziness Questionnaire，NPQ）评分
涵盖运动、被动运动/站立、视觉等3个维度，共12个条目，为7个值，总分72分，PPPD严重程度与评分呈正相关［13］。量表信效度分别为0.901、0.874。
1.4　统计学分析
使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学处理。对于计量资料，采用 Shapiro-Wilk［14］ 法评判资料正态性，符合正态分布的计量资料以x¯±s表示，组间比较采用独立样本t检验；非正态分布的计量资料以M（P25，P75）表示，组间比较采用 Mann Whitney U检验。计数资料以例（%）表示，组间比较采用χ2检验，P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　2组基线特征比较
一共筛查了48例患者，研究组与对照组分别有24例患者。试验期间没有出现脱落的病例，所有患者都完成了6周的治疗与随访。2组患者的基线人口学特征、病程、DHI、VSI、PSQI和NPQ评分等情况均具有可比性（P>0.05），见表1。
2.2　研究组临床总有效率更高
治疗6周后，研究组临床总有效率显著高于对照组（91.67% vs 66.67%，χ²=4.547，P=0.033），研究组显效16例占比66.67%、有效6例占比25.0%、无效2例占比8.33%，对照组显效9例占比37.50%、有效7例占比29.17%、无效8例占比33.33%，研究组高于对照组，两组对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
2.3　2组治疗前后DHI评分比较
治疗前2组DHI评分进行比较差异无统计学意义。治疗6周后，2组DHI评分相较于治疗前均下降（P<0.05）；且研究组各时间点DHI评分都低于对照组（P<0.05），2组患者的DHI评分较治疗前均降低，且研究组较对照组，DHI评分降低更显著（P<0.05，表2）。
2.4　2组治疗前后VSI评分比较
治疗前2组VSI评分进行比较差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗6周后，2组VSI评分相较于治疗前均下降（P<0.001），且研究组各时间点VSI评分都低于对照组（P<0.001），2组患者的VSI评分较治疗前均降低，且研究组较对照组，VSI评分降低更显著，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05，表3）。
2.5　两组心理状态对比
治疗前2组HAMD评分进行比较差异无统计学意义。治疗6周后，2组HAMD评分相较于治疗前均下降，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001），且研究组在治疗前后的HAMD评分都低于对照组（P<0.001），两组患者的HAMD评分较治疗前均降低，且研究组较对照组，HAMD评分降低更显著，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05，表4）。
2.6　2组PSQI评分比较
治疗前2组PSQI评分进行比较差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗6周后，2组PSQI评分相较于治疗前均下降（P<0.001）；且研究组各时间点PSQI评分都低于对照组（P<0.001），2组患者的PSQI评分较治疗前均降低，且研究组较对照组，PSQI评分降低更显著（P<0.05，表5）。
2.7　2组NPQ评分比较
治疗前2组NPQ评分进行比较差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗6周后，2组NPQ评分相较于治疗前均下降（P<0.001）；且研究组各时间点NPQ评分都低于对照组（P<0.001），2组患者的NPQ评分较治疗前均降低，且研究组较对照组，NPQ评分降低更显著（P<0.05，表6）。
3　讨论
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3.1　PPPD患者临床治疗现状
PPPD是一种非旋转性头晕的临床综合征，其发病率逐年增加，病理机制复杂，涉及中枢神经系统、前庭系统、视觉系统及各系统间的相互作用，目前相关机制尚未完全明确，仍需进一步研究论证［15］，PPPD可导致患者产生焦虑、抑郁等情绪，进而又可导致头晕，头晕和焦虑、抑郁相互影响加重症状［16］。过度的视觉刺激、长时间使用电脑或手机等电子设备，以及其他引起视觉和生理信号的干扰因素等，都可成为PPPD发作的诱因。数据表明，在没有任何诱因的情况下，PPPD患者也会出现眩晕、不安、视线模糊等症状［17］。研究表明，75%的PPPD患者的发病与焦虑情绪有关［18］。现代医学对PPPD的治疗以药物为主，但仅能减轻50%的主要症状［19］，且临床起效缓慢。
3.2　前庭康复训练的局限性
前庭康复训练是以神经可塑性理论为基础，以视觉追踪、头部旋转、体位变换等为主要方法，有针对性地进行前庭系统、视觉、本体感觉协调性的刺激和训练［20］。这一过程以修复或加强损伤的前庭神经机能为目标，改善患者的空间定位与移动分析能力。通过增强前庭刺激的强度，促进大脑建立新的神经连接，增强各感知通道的融合，可显著改善患者头晕，以及日常活动能力。徐金凤等［21］研究显示，前庭康复训练法，对于中重度PPPD患者，有显著的疾病改善效果。但是，单一前庭康复训练存在局限性。人类平衡依赖于前庭、视觉和本体感觉三大系统协同整合功能，单一开展前庭康复训练，可能造成大脑在整合与权衡感觉信息方面能力不足；在特定器械和受控环境中的改善效果，难以转化为日常活动［22］。因此单一的前庭康复训练难以满足PPPD患者的康复需求。
3.3　低频rTMS对PPPD患者的治疗效果
rTMS可以通过诱导突触传递功能的长时程，促进神经元可塑性［23］。根据治疗频率的不同，低频rTMS（≤1Hz）可抑制局部神经元活动，诱发持续的长时程，抑制突触后效应。低频rTMS治疗通过对患者颅脑实施低频率强度的电磁场，诱导局部神经元去极化，并改变大脑皮质和深层核团的兴奋性［24］。通过rTMS调控患者左前额叶的背侧皮质区等与PPPD相关的脑区，可修复患者损伤的神经环路，重建感觉网络。
3.4　低频rTMS联合前庭康复训练对PPPD患者治疗的优势
低频rTMS联合前庭康复训练可使前庭-皮层通路更容易激活，促进视觉、前庭、本体感知的高效融合，达到缓解眩晕、提高身体平衡能力和生活质量的目的［25］。此外，有研究发现，低频rTMS可通过调控炎性细胞的表达，减轻眩晕引起的中枢炎性损伤，从而加速康复［26］。
本研究中，根据PPPD的病理机制，通过采用低频rTMS联合前庭康复训练治疗方法，可以达到治疗过程中的疗效互补。低频rTMS可通过调控大脑对前庭的信息处理能力与整合能力，提高中枢灵敏度［27］。而与前庭康复训练的联合应用，则通过持续的刺激和反馈，促进外周神经的自我调节和重构。通过联合疗法，可以加快患者病情的恢复，降低疾病复发风险。结果表明低频rTMS联合前庭康复训练可以有效改善PPPD患者的头晕等不适症状，改善生活质量，提高康复效果。
综上所述，低频rTMS疗法联合前庭康复训练，可以有效，缓解眩晕及不稳感等症状，提高PPPD患者治疗效果，促进疾病康复，改善生活质量。但是本研究取样时间短，样本量偏少，存在一定的局限性，未来希望可以选取更多样本量，更多评价方式、进行更长时间、设计更加精细地研究来补足以上局限性。

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2025年第47卷第23期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509041
  • 接收时间：2025-09-11
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-11
  • 修回日期：2025-11-23
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    1　海军青岛特勤疗养中心骨关节康复科，山东 青岛
    2　海军青岛特勤疗养中心神经康复科，山东 青岛

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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