Article(id=1322954186048025513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954116858782668, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754582400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-08, revisedDate=1763222400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346457254, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1767024000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346457254, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346457254, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346457254, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954116858782668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='24', pageStart='3009', pageEnd='3159', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767024000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346440757, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346440757, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3130, endPage=3138, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954186333238186, articleId=1322954186048025513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Deep Cervical Lymphatic-Venous Anastomosis for Alzheimer Disease: A Case Series Report, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of deep cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis (LVA) in treating Alzheimer disease.

Methods

This case series included 30 patients who underwent LVA at the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between December 2024 and February 2025. All patients had confirmed Alzheimer disease and were assessed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively using three standardized neuropsychological scales: Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Changes in these scores served as efficacy endpoints.

Results

All patients successfully underwent LVA with no mortality or severe adverse events. Median NPI scores decreased from 25.5 (13.8, 47.5) preoperatively to 16.0 (7.2, 21.5) at 1 week postoperatively (P<0.001, r=0.74), remaining stable at 17.0 (8.5, 23.8) and 17.5 (12.0, 21.0) at 1 and 3 months respectively (P<0.001 vs. baseline). Mean ADL scores decreased from 56.7±16.6 preoperatively to 54.9±16.2 at 1 week (P<0.001), further declined to 53.7±16.0 at 1 month (P<0.001), and returned to 56.2±13.9 at 3 months (P=0.701 vs baseline). Median CDR-SB significantly improved from 16.0 (13.2, 17.0) preoperatively to 15.0 (13.0, 16.0) at 1 week (P<0.001, r=0.63), with sustained improvements at 1 and 3 months (P<0.001).

Conclusion

LVA demonstrates favorable safety and modest short-term efficacy in ameliorating neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function in Alzheimer disease.

, authors=Dingrui LONG1, Jixiang WU1, Hua PANG3, Huisheng DENG4, Gang YANG2, Quanhong SHI2, Yang LYU5, Xu LI2, Guomin LI2, Chongjie CHENG2, Oumei CHENG1, authorsList=Dingrui LONG, Jixiang WU, Hua PANG, Huisheng DENG, Gang YANG, Quanhong SHI, Yang LYU, Xu LI, Guomin LI, Chongjie CHENG, Oumei CHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chongjie CHENG, Oumei CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954188753351598, articleId=1322954186048025513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术治疗阿尔茨海默病的病例系列报道, columnId=1320435175822050102, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术治疗阿尔茨海默病的短期疗效及安全性。

方法

本研究采用病例系列报道研究设计,所有病例资料(共30例)均来源于2024年12月至2025年2月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科接受颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术(lymphatic-venous anastomosis,LVA)的患者。所有患者明确诊断为阿尔茨海默病,并在术前、术后1周、术后1个月和术后3个月时接受神经精神问卷(neuropsychiatric inventory,NPI)、临床痴呆评定量表(clinical dementia rating,CDR)和日常生活活动能力量表(Activities of daily living,ADL)3项神经心理学量表评估,并以其评分情况作为疗效评价指标。

结果

所有患者成功接受LVA,无死亡病例及严重不良事件发生。NPI评分中位数术后1周16.0 (7.2,21.5)较术前25.5 (13.8,47.5)降低(P<0.001,r=0.74),术后1个月17.0(8.5,23.8)及术后3个月17.5 (12.0,21.0)基本保持稳定且与术前有统计学差异(P<0.001);ADL评分均值术后1周(54.9±16.2)较术前(56.7±16.6)降低(P<0.001),术后1个月(53.7±16.0)进一步降低(P< 0.001),术后3个月(56.2±13.9)仍低于术前但不再具有统计学差异(P=0.701); CDR总分(Clinical dementia rating scale Sum of Boxes,CDR-SB)中位数术后1周15.0(13.0,16.0) 较术前16.0(13.2,17.0)降低,差异具有统计学意义 (P<0.001,r= 0.63),术后1个月及术后3个月均与术前有统计学差异。

结论

LVA治疗阿尔茨海默病表现出较高的安全性,并对阿尔茨海默病症状改善具有一定的短期效果。

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程崇杰,E-mail:
承欧梅,E-mail:
CHENG Chongjie,E-mail:
CHENG Oumei,E-mail:
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A:Trajectory of NPI score changes for Individual Cases over time; B:Trajectory of ADL score changes for Individual Cases over time; C:Trajectory of CDR-SB score changes for Individual Cases over time. NPI,Neuropsychiatric inventory; ADL,Activities of daily living; CDR-SB,Clinical dementia rating scale Sum of Boxes

, figureFileSmall=jAwzpE+3Ce/fmMPvLJg96Q==, figureFileBig=ptcZjz6TpHfF1EA31Erprg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954195233550336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954186048025513, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants [n=30,x¯±s,M (P25,P75) ,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicBaseline data
Age/years66.2±9.5
Male22(73.3)
Female8(26.7)
MMSE0(0,3)
NPI25.5(13.75,47.50)
ADL56.7±16.6
CDR-SB16(13.25,17.00)
CDR Memory3(2,3)
CDR Orientation3(2,3)
CDR Judgment & Problem Solving3(3,3)
CDR Community Affairs2(2.00,2.75)
CDR Home & Hobbies3(2,3)
CDR Personal Care2(2,3)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954195288076289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954186048025513, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究参与者基线基本资料 [n=30,x¯±s,M (P25,P75) ,例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicBaseline data
Age/years66.2±9.5
Male22(73.3)
Female8(26.7)
MMSE0(0,3)
NPI25.5(13.75,47.50)
ADL56.7±16.6
CDR-SB16(13.25,17.00)
CDR Memory3(2,3)
CDR Orientation3(2,3)
CDR Judgment & Problem Solving3(3,3)
CDR Community Affairs2(2.00,2.75)
CDR Home & Hobbies3(2,3)
CDR Personal Care2(2,3)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954195380350978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954186048025513, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Longitudinal Changes in Scale Scores [n=30, x¯±s,M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ScaleBaseline1 Week1 Month3 Months
NPI25.5(13.8,47.5)16(7.2,21.5)c17(8.5,23.8)c17.5(12.0,21.0)c
ADL56.7±16.654.9±16.2c53.7±16.0c56.2±13.9
CDR-SB16(13.2,17.0)15(13,16)c15(13,16)c15(13,16)a
), ArticleFig(id=1322954195439071235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954186048025513, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

量表得分随访变化情况 [n=30, x¯±s,M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ScaleBaseline1 Week1 Month3 Months
NPI25.5(13.8,47.5)16(7.2,21.5)c17(8.5,23.8)c17.5(12.0,21.0)c
ADL56.7±16.654.9±16.2c53.7±16.0c56.2±13.9
CDR-SB16(13.2,17.0)15(13,16)c15(13,16)c15(13,16)a
), ArticleFig(id=1322954195522957316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954186048025513, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Longitudinal Changes in CDR Subitem Scores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CDR SubitemBaseline1 Week1 Month3 Months
Memory3(2,3)3(2,3)3(2,3)3(2,3)
Orientation3(2,3)2.5(2,3)2(2,3)3(2,3)
Judgment and Problem Solving3(3,3)3(2,3)3(2,3)3(3,3)
Community Affairs2(2,2.8)2(2,2)2(1.2,2)2(2,2)
Home and
Hobbies
3(2,3)3(2,3)2(2,3)3(2,3)
Personal Care2(2,3)2(2,2.8)2(2,2.8)2(2,2.8)
CDR:Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.
), ArticleFig(id=1322954195594260485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954186048025513, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CDR各子项随访变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CDR SubitemBaseline1 Week1 Month3 Months
Memory3(2,3)3(2,3)3(2,3)3(2,3)
Orientation3(2,3)2.5(2,3)2(2,3)3(2,3)
Judgment and Problem Solving3(3,3)3(2,3)3(2,3)3(3,3)
Community Affairs2(2,2.8)2(2,2)2(1.2,2)2(2,2)
Home and
Hobbies
3(2,3)3(2,3)2(2,3)3(2,3)
Personal Care2(2,3)2(2,2.8)2(2,2.8)2(2,2.8)
CDR:Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.
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龙定睿 1 , 吴继祥 1 , 庞华 3 , 邓辉胜 4 , 杨刚 2 , 石全红 2 , 吕洋 5 , 李旭 2 , 李国民 2 , 程崇杰 2 , 承欧梅 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·临床医学 2025,47(24): 3130-3138
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·临床医学 2025 , 47 (24) : 3130 -3138
颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术治疗阿尔茨海默病的病例系列报道
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龙定睿1, 吴继祥1, 庞华3, 邓辉胜4, 杨刚2, 石全红2, 吕洋5, 李旭2, 李国民2, 程崇杰2 , 承欧梅1
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学附属第一医院,神经内科,重庆
  • 2重庆医科大学附属第一医院,神经外科,重庆
  • 3重庆医科大学附属第一医院,核医学科,重庆
  • 4重庆医科大学附属第一医院,全科医学科,重庆
  • 5重庆医科大学附属第一医院,老年医学科,重庆
通讯作者:
程崇杰,E-mail:
承欧梅,E-mail:
CHENG Chongjie,E-mail:
CHENG Oumei,E-mail:
Deep Cervical Lymphatic-Venous Anastomosis for Alzheimer Disease: A Case Series Report
Dingrui LONG1, Jixiang WU1, Hua PANG3, Huisheng DENG4, Gang YANG2, Quanhong SHI2, Yang LYU5, Xu LI2, Guomin LI2, Chongjie CHENG2 , Oumei CHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology,
  • 2Department of Neurosurgery,
  • 3Department of Nuclear Medicine,
  • 4Department of General Practice,
  • 5Department of Geriatrics,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
出版时间: 2025-12-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508021
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目的

探究颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术治疗阿尔茨海默病的短期疗效及安全性。

方法

本研究采用病例系列报道研究设计,所有病例资料(共30例)均来源于2024年12月至2025年2月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科接受颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术(lymphatic-venous anastomosis,LVA)的患者。所有患者明确诊断为阿尔茨海默病,并在术前、术后1周、术后1个月和术后3个月时接受神经精神问卷(neuropsychiatric inventory,NPI)、临床痴呆评定量表(clinical dementia rating,CDR)和日常生活活动能力量表(Activities of daily living,ADL)3项神经心理学量表评估,并以其评分情况作为疗效评价指标。

结果

所有患者成功接受LVA,无死亡病例及严重不良事件发生。NPI评分中位数术后1周16.0 (7.2,21.5)较术前25.5 (13.8,47.5)降低(P<0.001,r=0.74),术后1个月17.0(8.5,23.8)及术后3个月17.5 (12.0,21.0)基本保持稳定且与术前有统计学差异(P<0.001);ADL评分均值术后1周(54.9±16.2)较术前(56.7±16.6)降低(P<0.001),术后1个月(53.7±16.0)进一步降低(P< 0.001),术后3个月(56.2±13.9)仍低于术前但不再具有统计学差异(P=0.701); CDR总分(Clinical dementia rating scale Sum of Boxes,CDR-SB)中位数术后1周15.0(13.0,16.0) 较术前16.0(13.2,17.0)降低,差异具有统计学意义 (P<0.001,r= 0.63),术后1个月及术后3个月均与术前有统计学差异。

结论

LVA治疗阿尔茨海默病表现出较高的安全性,并对阿尔茨海默病症状改善具有一定的短期效果。

阿尔茨海默病  /  颈深淋巴静脉吻合术  /  外科治疗  /  认知障碍  /  神经退行性疾病
Objective

To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of deep cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis (LVA) in treating Alzheimer disease.

Methods

This case series included 30 patients who underwent LVA at the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between December 2024 and February 2025. All patients had confirmed Alzheimer disease and were assessed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively using three standardized neuropsychological scales: Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Changes in these scores served as efficacy endpoints.

Results

All patients successfully underwent LVA with no mortality or severe adverse events. Median NPI scores decreased from 25.5 (13.8, 47.5) preoperatively to 16.0 (7.2, 21.5) at 1 week postoperatively (P<0.001, r=0.74), remaining stable at 17.0 (8.5, 23.8) and 17.5 (12.0, 21.0) at 1 and 3 months respectively (P<0.001 vs. baseline). Mean ADL scores decreased from 56.7±16.6 preoperatively to 54.9±16.2 at 1 week (P<0.001), further declined to 53.7±16.0 at 1 month (P<0.001), and returned to 56.2±13.9 at 3 months (P=0.701 vs baseline). Median CDR-SB significantly improved from 16.0 (13.2, 17.0) preoperatively to 15.0 (13.0, 16.0) at 1 week (P<0.001, r=0.63), with sustained improvements at 1 and 3 months (P<0.001).

Conclusion

LVA demonstrates favorable safety and modest short-term efficacy in ameliorating neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function in Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer’s disease  /  Deep cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis  /  Surgical treatment  /  Cognitive impairment  /  Neurodegenerative diseases
龙定睿, 吴继祥, 庞华, 邓辉胜, 杨刚, 石全红, 吕洋, 李旭, 李国民, 程崇杰, 承欧梅. 颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术治疗阿尔茨海默病的病例系列报道. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (24) : 3130 -3138 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508021
Dingrui LONG, Jixiang WU, Hua PANG, Huisheng DENG, Gang YANG, Quanhong SHI, Yang LYU, Xu LI, Guomin LI, Chongjie CHENG, Oumei CHENG. Deep Cervical Lymphatic-Venous Anastomosis for Alzheimer Disease: A Case Series Report[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (24) : 3130 -3138 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508021
痴呆是一个重大的公共卫生问题,预计到2050年,全球痴呆症患者将达到1.5亿人[1]。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是痴呆最常见的类型,其特征是进行性的认知功能障碍和行为异常[2]。我国是全球AD患者数量最多的国家[3],由于人口老龄化,阿尔茨海默病的患病率仍在快速增加,给政策制定者、医疗保健专业人员和患者家属带来了巨大的挑战[4]。AD的主要病理特征是β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid protein,Aβ)异常聚集和神经元纤维缠结(Neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs),其导致神经元功能障碍和认知能力下降[5-7]。目前,AD的治疗包括常规药物治疗及Aβ抗体的疾病修饰治疗。常规药物治疗可一定程度改善认知功能和日常生活活动,但不能阻止疾病进展。针对Aβ抗体的疾病修饰治疗有望延缓疾病进展,但其高昂的价格和脑出血等潜在的安全性问题限制了其广泛应用[8-9]。
研究表明,脑血管旁通路中的类淋巴系统和硬脑膜窦中的脑膜淋巴管构成了大脑的类淋巴系统,它们对促进脑中Aβ、tau和其他毒性蛋白的清除至关重要[10-13]。当类淋巴系统受损或阻塞时,清除效率下降,导致神经毒性废物在大脑中积聚,神经炎症激活,从而诱发AD或加剧AD的进展[14-15]。进一步研究发现,神经退行性生物标志物在人类颈部淋巴结中可以被检测到,且浓度远高于血液中浓度,这提示了脑内异常的蛋白可能部分经大脑的淋巴系统引流至颈部淋巴结[16-17]。鉴于脑淋巴系统在AD发病机制中的重要作用,改善脑淋巴引流可能有望成为治疗AD的新靶点。
颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术(lymphatic-venous anasto-mosis,LVA)是改善颅内淋巴引流的手术方式,旨在通过重建脑膜淋巴管和静脉系统之间的引流路径来增强脑脊液(Cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)和间质液(interstitial fluid,ISF)的交换和废物清除[18]。几项LVA相关临床研究表明,LVA可能通过改善AD患者脑内的代谢废物清除,使患者的认知功能得到改善,初步支持其短期疗效和安全性[19-20]。但这几项研究普遍存在病例数量过少或随访时间过短的问题。在对该手术的预期安全性进行全面评估后,研究者于2024年10月发起了一项观察性研究,旨在评价颈深LVA对AD患者神经精神症状的影响及其手术安全性。
本研究经重庆医科大学附属第一医院医学研究伦理审查委员会批准[2025年科研伦审(2025-443-01)]。收集于2024年12月至2025年2月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科接受颈深淋巴-静脉吻合术的患者基线、随访期间的病历资料。所有患者临床病史均符合阿尔茨海默病典型表现,完善相关检查并依据美国国家衰老研究所和阿尔茨海默病协会(NIA-AA)发布的《阿尔茨海默病诊断和分期的修订标准(2024年)》明确生物标志物诊断。
纳入标准:①年龄50~90岁; ②符合中国《阿尔茨海默病的诊疗规范(2020年版)》临床诊断标准[21] ③符合美国国家衰老研究所和阿尔茨海默病协会(NIA-AA)《阿尔茨海默病诊断和分期的修订标准(2024年)》基于生物标志物的ATN诊断标准[22-23]; ④MMSE得分≤20分[24-25]; ⑤服用阿尔茨海默病药物6个月以上,症状无改善者; ⑥ 术前术后均有长期固定、可提供患者生活资料的照料者; ⑦能够提供由参与者(或直系家属)签署的书面知情同意书。
排除标准:①年患有明确的其他原因所致痴呆,如血管性痴呆、路易体痴呆、颅内占位性病变、中枢神经系统感染等引起的痴呆;②有明确诊断的原发性精神疾病者;③有颈深淋巴结清扫术史者;④当前存在或有临床显著的神经系统疾病史(例如:颅脑创伤、脑卒中、脑肿瘤、脑部外科手术后),且经研究者判断可能影响认知功能者;⑤经麻醉科评估无法接受全麻手术者;⑥无法配合检查、手术或术后管理者。
手术中分别于双侧下颌骨下缘(Ⅰ区)行长约4 cm切口,切口皮肤及皮下组织,分离解剖下颌淋巴结及面静脉分支,显微镜下行淋巴结-静脉吻合术,引入红外摄影系统,见荧光信号流入吻合静脉通畅,吻合成功。再于双侧颈根部(胸锁乳突肌外侧头周围,Ⅳ区)行长约6 cm切口,寻找局部淋巴干及颈外静脉主干/分支,显微镜下行淋巴管-静脉吻合,再次引入红外摄影系统,见荧光信号流入吻合静脉,吻合成功。术后3天内常规应用低分子肝素48 h(半只qd),密切观察患者意识状态及伤口恢复情况。
本研究中神经心理学量表评估主要采用NPI、ADL和CDR。NPI是评估AD患者痴呆精神行为症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)的核心工具,在AD的诊断、病情监测及临床研究中具有重要的地位,总分范围0~144分,Cronbach’s α系数为0.76~0.88,重测信度为 0.75~0.85,与痴呆诊断的效标关联效度为0.78~0.89。患者NPI得分越高,反映其精神行为症状越严重[26-28]。ADL 量表主要用于评定被试的日常生活能力,在阿尔茨海默病的评估中发挥着重要作用,总分范围20~80分,Cronbach’s α系数为0.89~0.95,重测信度为0.85~0.92,与日常生活功能临床评估的效标关联效度为0.82~0.93,患者得分越高,反映其自主生活能力越差[29-30]。CDR量表是痴呆诊断和研究最常用的量表之一。CDR量表共包括记忆力、定向力、判断与解决问题能力、社会事务、家务与爱好和个人自理能力六个领域的评估,患者得分越高表示对应领域功能越差。在本研究中,主要采用CDR总分(clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes,CDR-SB)计分方式,总分范围0~16分,Cronbach’s α系数为 0.86~0.93,重测信度为0.83~0.91,与痴呆严重程度临床分级的效标关联效度为 0.85~0.92[31-32]。
术前对患者进行NPI、ADL、NPI评估作为随访基线。术后1周进行第1次随访,通过询问照料者相关情况以初步了解患者术后认知功能、情绪及行为症状变化,并对患者进行上述神经心理学量表评估。术后1个月、术后3个月再次进行随访评估。所有量表评估均由重庆医科大学附属第一医院相同的经过统一培训的神经内科医师完成,以减少误差。
统计分析在R 4.4.1中完成。连续变量经Shapiro-Wilk检验(stats 包)评估正态性。其中符合正态分布的计量资料用x¯±s描述,不服从正态分布的资料用M(P25,P75)描述,计数资料以例(%)描述。服从正态分布的配对数据(ADL 评分)采用配对t检验(paired t-test)分析,效应量计算为 Cohen’s d(effsize 包);不服从正态分布的配对数据(NPI、CDR-SB 评分)的比较采用 Wilcoxon 符号秩精确检验(Wilcoxon signed-rank exact test),使用 wilcox.test()函数并指定参数exact=TRUE及paired=TRUE,效应量计算为r=|Z|/√n(其中Z值由检验P 值反推)。显著性阈值设为 α=0.05(双侧)
本研究共纳入30例患者。其中男性8例,女性22例,年龄(66.2±9.5)岁。患者基线时的基本资料及量表评分信息见表1。
所有患者均按前述手术方式顺利接受手术,术后住院时间为2~3 d,无死亡病例。其中,气管插管延迟拔管3例,切口延迟愈合1例。
通过神经心理学量表评估的形式对患者的认知和行为进行评价。术后1周,患者的NPI评分中位数16.00(7.2,21.5)低于术前25.50(13.8,47.5)(Wilcoxon signed-rank test,W=209.00,P<0.001,r=0.74)(表2)。症状上主要体现在患者的激越/攻击行为、抑郁情绪和睡眠障碍等方面得到改善。术后1个月及3月随访时,NPI评分的改善情况基本保持稳定。且各患者NPI得分在随访期内普遍呈现出下降趋势(图1A)。图1展示了所有病例各量表得分随时间变化的轨迹。
随访数据显示,ADL得分均值在术后1周(54.9±16.2)较术前(56.7±16.6)降低(Paired t-test,t=4.3,df=29,P<0.001,d=0.11),术后1个月(53.7±16.0)较术前仍有显著性差异(t=4.2,df=29,P<0.001,d=0.18)。在术后3个月时得分上升且与术前差异不再具有统计学意义(t=0.39,df=29,P=0.701,d=0.04),但仍略低于术前(表2)。多数患者术后3个月随访期内ADL得分稳定或稍下降(图1B)
CDR-SB得分中位数在随访期内较术前略有下降,且多数患者得分下降或保持稳定(表2;图1C)。统计检验显示术后1周(W=78.00,P<0.001,r=0.63)、术后1个月(W=105.00,P<0.001,r=0.67)、术后3个月(W=151.00,P=0.021,r=0.45)时CDR-SB得分中位数均与术前具有显著性差异。进一步对CDR量表各个子领域的得分进行单项分析发现,随访期内CDR各子领域中位数较术前无明显变化。其中CDR定向力、CDR家务与爱好中位数在术后1个月时曾低于术前,但均未表现出显著性,且在术后3个月时与术前相同(表3)。
AD的发病机制至今未明,最主要的学说为HARDY等[33-35]提出的淀粉样蛋白级联假说。尽管该假说仍然存在争议,但近年来有关疾病修饰治疗的临床研究结果进一步支持了“Aβ 的生成 - 清除失衡为 AD 重要始动因素”的核心观点[36-37]。先前大量的动物研究也为Aβ清除与类淋巴系统的联系提供了关键证据:结扎小鼠颈深淋巴结阻断脑内淋巴引流,可加剧其AD样表型,表现为更严重的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积、神经炎症、突触丢失及认知和行为缺陷[38];而通过干预调控淋巴引流则可改善认知功能[39]。近期一项研究发现接受长期颈部淋巴结清扫术干预的小鼠出现认知功能障碍及精神行为异常,毒性蛋白在外周血中浓度降低且伴随脑内蓄积增加,提示淋巴引流受损可导致脑内废物积聚;在因甲状腺癌行颈部淋巴结清扫术的临床患者中也检测到类似变化[40]。这些研究一致证实,淋巴引流对维持认知功能至关重要。LVA术式正是基于上述理论基础发展而来,有助于进一步探究淋巴引流障碍与认知障碍及其他神经退行性疾病之间复杂联系的机制[41-42]。
本研究发现,接受 LVA 的 AD 患者在术后短期内整体呈现改善趋势,其中以精神行为症状的改善最为突出;患者术后的 ADL、CDR-SB 评分也表现出轻微改善趋势。研究表明,约80%~90%的AD患者伴随痴呆的精神行为症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)[43],BPSD包括幻觉、激越、异常运动行为等多种临床表现,可能与不同脑区的萎缩或炎症损伤有关[44-45]。本研究发现NPI评分的变化反映出术后短期内患者的精神行为症状得到了较为明显的改善。根据照护者报告及量表得分,接受LVA的患者NPI评分改善主要集中于激越与攻击行为、抑郁情绪和睡眠障碍这三个对患者及照护者负担突出的维度,这对减轻患者家庭照护负担具有重要意义。抑郁情绪的改善与既往的类淋巴系统相关动物研究结果一致[46]。这表明LVA手术干预可能成为缓解AD患者BPSD的有效策略[47]。在整体认知能力的评估中,我们应用了敏感性更高的CDR-SB计分方式,结果显示:患者整体认知状态在术后3个月内基本保持稳定并显示出轻微改善趋势。在针对CDR各子项领域的分析中,CDR定向力维度及CDR家务与爱好维度评分在术后1个月时表现出短暂改善,3个月时回升至基线水平。值得注意的是,尽管术后3月CDR社会事务维度评分中位数与术前相同,但分析发现在术后3月时,CDR社会事务维度得分≤2的患者比例较术前提高了20%(从73.33%提高至93.33%),提示评分分布向低分段移动,整体呈改善趋势。以上结果表明LVA可能通过改善患者认知或精神行为症状提升其社会参与度[48],这对提升患者生活质量及减轻家庭照护负担具有重要临床价值。
LVA用于治疗AD最早由中国学者提出。XIE等[49]和卢鸿瑞等[50]最早报道痴呆患者接受LVA干预后,在行为、认知功能和记忆力方面出现有益改变。此前的探索性研究或病例报告初步提示,LVA可能对提高痴呆患者认知功能有益,但均缺乏长期、系统的随访数据支持[51]。在LI等[52]的报道中,6例经明确诊断的阿尔茨海默病患者接受手术后5周进行随访,认知评估显示所有患者均略有改善。冯华等[19]报道了一种改良的LVA手术方式,在其纳入的26例AD患者中,术后1个月MMSE评分显著提高(中位数从3分升至5分)。患者个体疗效差异以及不同中心的整体效果不尽相同,均表明LVA手术对AD的作用机制可能较为复杂,仍有待深入探究。此外,王海文与谢庆平等人还报道了8名接受LVA手术的帕金森病患者在运动功能障碍方面表现出显著改善,包括步态稳定性增强、震颤减轻和运动协调性提升[53]。这些观察提示了LVA作为干预手段在治疗其他由脑源性代谢废物和神经毒性沉积物引起的神经退行性疾病中的巨大潜力[54-55]。
本研究尚存在一些局限性:本研究样本量仍不足,且所有研究对象均来源于单中心,可能导致研究结论的外部推广性受限。其次,阿尔茨海默病为进展性疾病,本研究随访时间尚未覆盖患者术后长期预后的观察周期,无法充分捕捉该手术对患者远期认知功能的影响。此外,尽管研究过程中已尽量控制关键变量,但患者住院期间接受的对症治疗方案差异、个体化加强照护措施等混杂因素,仍可能对研究结果的准确性产生干扰。最后,本研究对疗效的评价主要依赖神经心理学量表的主观评分结果,缺乏Aβ PET显像、脑脊液AD相关生物标志物(如Aβ42/Aβ40比值、tau 蛋白)等客观量化指标的支撑,导致难以进一步建立临床疗效与AD病理机制之间的关联性,对疗效的病理层面解释力不足,且部分神经心理学量表(如 CDR)更适用于痴呆患者的长期随访评价,而非短期疗效观察。
综上所述,本研究证实,在 3 个月观察期内,LVA 手术可减轻AD患者的神经精神症状负担、提升其社会参与功能,且患者整体认知功能呈现向好变化。这为以外科手术干预脑类淋巴引流系统治疗AD的策略,提供了宝贵的临床证据支持。我们将继续对已手术患者进行长期随访;未来研究需通过大样本量随机对照试验延长随访周期,结合脑脊液Aβ/Tau蛋白水平检测、炎症因子检测及Aβ PET显像等影像学检查,进一步深入探究LVA的作用机制。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508021
  • 接收时间:2025-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08
  • 修回日期:2025-11-16
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    1重庆医科大学附属第一医院,神经内科,重庆
    2重庆医科大学附属第一医院,神经外科,重庆
    3重庆医科大学附属第一医院,核医学科,重庆
    4重庆医科大学附属第一医院,全科医学科,重庆
    5重庆医科大学附属第一医院,老年医学科,重庆

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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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