Article(id=1322954154985009875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954116858782668, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509085, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758643200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-24, revisedDate=1765209600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346449847, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1767024000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346449847, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346449847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346449847, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954116858782668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='24', pageStart='3009', pageEnd='3159', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767024000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346440757, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346440757, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3045, endPage=3055, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954155488326356, articleId=1322954154985009875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Sirt1 is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration via regulating histone H3K18 lactylation in nucleus pulposus cells, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effect of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) by regulating histone H3K18 lactylation and its implications for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).

Methods

Puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration (PIDD) was modeled in the rat caudal vertebrae. The severity of disc degeneration was evaluated, and the expression levels of lactic acid (La), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), H3K18la, and Sirt1 were detected in both the normal control (NC) group and the PIDD group using histopathological staining, biochemical assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. Gradient concentrations of La were used to treat NPCs, and Sirt1 was knocked down or overexpressed via lentiviral transduction. Changes in H3K18la, ROS, and MDA levels were analyzed by immunofluorescence and biochemical assays. The genes regulated by H3K18la and their associated pathways were identified using Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) and bioinformatic analyses. Then 24 rats were assigned into normal control (NC), PIDD, PIDD with Sirt1 overexpression (PIDD+oe-Sirt1), and PIDD with viral control (PIDD+Vector) groups, in order to assess the therapeutic effect of Sirt1 overexpression on intervertebral disc degeneration.

Results

The PIDD group had significantly higher histological scores and elevated levels of La, ROS, and MDA, and enhanced expression of H3K18la but decreased Sirt1 expression when compared with the NC group (P<0.01). In cellular experiments, H3K18la, ROS, and MDA levels were in a concentration-dependent increase with the increments of La concentration. Sirt1 overexpression significantly reduced H3K18la expression (P<0.01), whereas its knockdown conversely increased it (P<0.01). CUT&Tag analysis indicated that H3K18la plays a regulatory role in oxidative stress in NPCs. In animal experiments, the PIDD+oe-Sirt1 group exhibited significantly lower histological scores, along with reduced levels of ROS, H3K18la, and MDA in comparison to the PIDD and PIDD+Vector groups (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The expression of Sirt1 is significantly decreased in degenerative intervertebral discs. As a delactylase for histone H3K18la, Sirt1 may play a critical role in intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells through H3K18la lactylation.

, authors=Jian OUYANG, Yu ZHAI, Yuyao ZHANG, Chao LIU, Minghan LIU, Changqing LI, authorsList=Jian OUYANG, Yu ZHAI, Yuyao ZHANG, Chao LIU, Minghan LIU, Changqing LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Minghan LIU, Changqing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954159636493026, articleId=1322954154985009875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=Sirt1通过调控髓核细胞组蛋白H3K18乳酸化参与椎间盘退变的机制研究, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究沉默信息调节蛋白1(sirtuin 1,Sirt1)调节H3K18乳酸化(H3K18la)对髓核细胞(nucleus pulposus cells,NPCs)的影响以及在椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IVDD)中的作用。

方法

构建大鼠尾椎椎间盘针刺诱导退变(puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration,PIDD)模型;并通过组织学染色、生化检测、流式细胞术与蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)评估正常对照(NC)组和针刺退变(PIDD)组椎间盘退变程度及乳酸(La)、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、H3K18la与Sirt1表达水平;在NPCs中,分别采用梯度浓度La处理及慢病毒介导的Sirt1敲低与过表达,通过免疫荧光与生化检测分析H3K18la、ROS与MDA水平;利用靶向切割与转座标记(cleavage under targets and tagmentation,CUT&Tag)技术及生物信息技术分析H3K18la调控的基因及相关通路;24只大鼠均分为4个分组:正常对照(NC)组、针刺退变(PIDD)组、针刺治疗(PIDD+oe-Sirt1)组、针刺病毒对照(PIDD+Vector)组,验证过表达Sirt1对椎间盘退变的干预作用。

结果

与NC组相比,PIDD组组织学评分、La、ROS及MDA水平均显著升高(P<0.01),同时,PIDD组中H3K18la表达升高(P<0.01),而Sirt1表达下降(P<0.01);在细胞实验中,H3K18la、ROS及MDA水平随La浓度增加呈浓度依赖性升高;Sirt1过表达可降低H3K18la表达(P<0.01),敲低则使其升高(P<0.01);CUT&Tag技术检测提示H3K18la可能调控髓核细胞氧化应激;在动物实验中,与PIDD组及PIDD+Vector组相比,PIDD+oe-Sirt1组组织学评分、ROS、H3K18la及MDA水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。

结论

退变椎间盘中Sirt1的表达明显下降,Sirt1是组蛋白H3K18la去乳酸化修饰酶,Sirt1调控的组蛋白H3K18la的乳酸化修饰可能调节髓核细胞氧化应激,进而调控椎间盘退变。

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刘铭汉,E-mail:
李长青,E-mail:
LIU Minghan,E-mail:
LI Changqing,E-mail:
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Int J Mol Med,2018:2485-2492., articleTitle=Resveratrol protects against sodium nitroprusside induced nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by scavenging ROS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954171359572792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, doi=10.1080/03008207. 2022. 2063121, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=63, issue=6, pageStart=650, pageEnd=662, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=27, authorNames=CHEN H W, LIU M Q, ZHANG G Z, journalName=Connect Tissue Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN H W,LIU M Q,ZHANG G Z,et al. Proanthocyanidins inhibit the apoptosis and aging of nucleus pulposus cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway delaying intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Connect Tissue Res,2022,63(6):650-662., articleTitle=Proanthocyanidins inhibit the apoptosis and aging of nucleus pulposus cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway delaying intervertebral disc degeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954171426681657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, doi=10.1111/os.13560, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=12, pageStart=3141, pageEnd=3149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIU M Y, ZHANG L, ZANG W D, journalName=Orthop Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU M Y,ZHANG L,ZANG W D,et al. Pharmacological effects of resveratrol in intervertebral disc degeneration:a literature review[J]. Orthop Surg,2022,14(12):3141-3149., articleTitle=Pharmacological effects of resveratrol in intervertebral disc degeneration:a literature review, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954160102060771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954160114643684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, companyId=1322954160102060771, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Orthopedics,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954160139809509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, companyId=1322954160102060771, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院骨科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954163948237581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Oxidative stress injury in degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue,along with increases of lactic acid and H3K18la, figureFileSmall=kiWFJsB+X5fBbKKPDCcZOA==, figureFileBig=UEHbpfYW0SDJEGPATwqbqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954164048900880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=CN, label=图1, caption=退变髓核组织中发生氧化应激损伤,伴随着乳酸和H3K18la上调

A:Representative images of HE and SO&FG staining in the NC and PIDD groups; B:Statistic analysis of histological scores in the 2 groups; C:ROS levels in primary nucleus pulposus cells by flow cytometry; D:Quantitative analysis of ROS levels in the 2 groups; E:Quantitative analysis of MDA levels in the 2 groups; F:Quantitative analysis of La levels in the 2 groups; G,H:Representative Western blot images and quantitative analysis of histone lactylation sites in the 2 groups. NC:Normal control; PIDD:Puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration; ROS:Reactive oxygen species; MDA:Malondialdehyde; La:Lactic acid. a: P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=kiWFJsB+X5fBbKKPDCcZOA==, figureFileBig=UEHbpfYW0SDJEGPATwqbqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954164447359761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Lactic acid treatment promotes H3K18la expression,along with oxidative stress injury in nucleus pulposus cells, figureFileSmall=g5bCHnaT6TLyqcLXhCurDQ==, figureFileBig=IPno8d5jjWsw7aGijVv3ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954164510274322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乳酸促进H3K18la伴随着髓核细胞氧化应激损伤

A,B:Representative Western blot images and quantitative analysis of H3K18la expression in response to different concentrations of lactic acid; C,D:Representative fluorescence image and quantitative analysis of ROS levels in response to different concentrations of lactic acid; E:Quantitative analysis of MDA levels in response to different concentrations of lactic acid. ROS:Reactive oxygen species; MDA:Malondialdehyde. a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=g5bCHnaT6TLyqcLXhCurDQ==, figureFileBig=IPno8d5jjWsw7aGijVv3ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166167024405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Downregulation of Sirt1 in degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue, figureFileSmall=5fnYyRJH6U2l5mS83nzi+A==, figureFileBig=itD9bk5Ohl8Kbb0Gcw2rFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166250910486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=CN, label=图3, caption=退变髓核组织Sirt1表达降低

A,B:Representative Western blot images and quantitative analysis of Sirt1-3 and HDAC1-3 protein levels in the NC and PIDD groups. NC:Normal control; PIDD:Puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. a:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=5fnYyRJH6U2l5mS83nzi+A==, figureFileBig=itD9bk5Ohl8Kbb0Gcw2rFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166418682647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Sirt1 attenuates H3K18la levels and mitigates oxidative stress injury, figureFileSmall=OUvVnZUQnirV1vIqNDL34w==, figureFileBig=VofEG25whTw8CvTjja6+LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166498374424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Sirt1降低H3K18la水平并减轻氧化应激损伤

A,B:Representative Western blot analysis of Sirt1 expression following viral transfection; C,D:Representative immunofluorescence image and quantitative analysis of H3K18la levels in response to different treatments; E,F:Representative fluorescence image and quantitative analysis of ROS levels in response to different treatments; G:Quantitative analysis of MDA levels in response to different treatments. ROS:Reactive oxygen species; MDA:Malondialdehyde. a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=OUvVnZUQnirV1vIqNDL34w==, figureFileBig=VofEG25whTw8CvTjja6+LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166578066201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=H3K18la modification promotes oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells, figureFileSmall=gNAsSBXWTrXZMM0DLzTWlg==, figureFileBig=CxHd2kVvsfyJks3W5mo5jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166729061146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=CN, label=图5, caption=H3K18la修饰激活髓核细胞的氧化应激

A:Enrichment of H3K18la peaks within ±2 kb of the transcription start site in NC and sh-Sirt1 groups; B:Number of H3K18la peaks in the 2 groups; C:Number of genes associated with H3K18la peaks in the 2 groups; D:GO enrichment analysis of genes associated with sh-Sirt1-specific H3K18la peaks; E:Top 10 enriched genes for the GO term of oxidative stress response

, figureFileSmall=gNAsSBXWTrXZMM0DLzTWlg==, figureFileBig=CxHd2kVvsfyJks3W5mo5jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166821335835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Sirt1 overexpression attenuates H3K18la and alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration, figureFileSmall=sOykkr6T94saV7xmz0AeEQ==, figureFileBig=R3jAbBjn2extStCwdW4z9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954166917804828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954154985009875, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Sirt1过表达抑制H3K18la,延缓椎间盘退变

A:Representative images of HE and SO&FG staining in the NC,PIDD,PIDD+Vector and PIDD+oe-Sirt1 groups; B:Statistic analysis of histological scores in each groups; C:Representative Western blot images of H3K18la levels in each groups; D:Quantitative analysis of H3K18la expression in each groups; E:ROS levels in primary nucleus pulposus cells by flow cytometry in each groups; F:Quantitative analysis of ROS levels in each groups; G:Quantitative analysis of MDA levels in each groups. ROS:Reactive oxygen species; MDA:Malondialdehyde. a:P<0.01

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Sirt1通过调控髓核细胞组蛋白H3K18乳酸化参与椎间盘退变的机制研究
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欧阳健 , 翟羽 , 张雨尧 , 刘超 , 刘铭汉 , 李长青
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·基础医学 2025,47(24): 3045-3055
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·基础医学 2025 , 47 (24) : 3045 -3055
Sirt1通过调控髓核细胞组蛋白H3K18乳酸化参与椎间盘退变的机制研究
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欧阳健, 翟羽, 张雨尧, 刘超, 刘铭汉 , 李长青
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院骨科,重庆
通讯作者:
刘铭汉,E-mail:
李长青,E-mail:
LIU Minghan,E-mail:
LI Changqing,E-mail:
Sirt1 is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration via regulating histone H3K18 lactylation in nucleus pulposus cells
Jian OUYANG, Yu ZHAI, Yuyao ZHANG, Chao LIU, Minghan LIU , Changqing LI
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Orthopedics,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-12-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509085
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目的

探究沉默信息调节蛋白1(sirtuin 1,Sirt1)调节H3K18乳酸化(H3K18la)对髓核细胞(nucleus pulposus cells,NPCs)的影响以及在椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IVDD)中的作用。

方法

构建大鼠尾椎椎间盘针刺诱导退变(puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration,PIDD)模型;并通过组织学染色、生化检测、流式细胞术与蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)评估正常对照(NC)组和针刺退变(PIDD)组椎间盘退变程度及乳酸(La)、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、H3K18la与Sirt1表达水平;在NPCs中,分别采用梯度浓度La处理及慢病毒介导的Sirt1敲低与过表达,通过免疫荧光与生化检测分析H3K18la、ROS与MDA水平;利用靶向切割与转座标记(cleavage under targets and tagmentation,CUT&Tag)技术及生物信息技术分析H3K18la调控的基因及相关通路;24只大鼠均分为4个分组:正常对照(NC)组、针刺退变(PIDD)组、针刺治疗(PIDD+oe-Sirt1)组、针刺病毒对照(PIDD+Vector)组,验证过表达Sirt1对椎间盘退变的干预作用。

结果

与NC组相比,PIDD组组织学评分、La、ROS及MDA水平均显著升高(P<0.01),同时,PIDD组中H3K18la表达升高(P<0.01),而Sirt1表达下降(P<0.01);在细胞实验中,H3K18la、ROS及MDA水平随La浓度增加呈浓度依赖性升高;Sirt1过表达可降低H3K18la表达(P<0.01),敲低则使其升高(P<0.01);CUT&Tag技术检测提示H3K18la可能调控髓核细胞氧化应激;在动物实验中,与PIDD组及PIDD+Vector组相比,PIDD+oe-Sirt1组组织学评分、ROS、H3K18la及MDA水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。

结论

退变椎间盘中Sirt1的表达明显下降,Sirt1是组蛋白H3K18la去乳酸化修饰酶,Sirt1调控的组蛋白H3K18la的乳酸化修饰可能调节髓核细胞氧化应激,进而调控椎间盘退变。

椎间盘退变  /  Sirt1  /  H3K18乳酸化  /  髓核细胞
Objective

To explore the effect of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) by regulating histone H3K18 lactylation and its implications for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).

Methods

Puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration (PIDD) was modeled in the rat caudal vertebrae. The severity of disc degeneration was evaluated, and the expression levels of lactic acid (La), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), H3K18la, and Sirt1 were detected in both the normal control (NC) group and the PIDD group using histopathological staining, biochemical assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. Gradient concentrations of La were used to treat NPCs, and Sirt1 was knocked down or overexpressed via lentiviral transduction. Changes in H3K18la, ROS, and MDA levels were analyzed by immunofluorescence and biochemical assays. The genes regulated by H3K18la and their associated pathways were identified using Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) and bioinformatic analyses. Then 24 rats were assigned into normal control (NC), PIDD, PIDD with Sirt1 overexpression (PIDD+oe-Sirt1), and PIDD with viral control (PIDD+Vector) groups, in order to assess the therapeutic effect of Sirt1 overexpression on intervertebral disc degeneration.

Results

The PIDD group had significantly higher histological scores and elevated levels of La, ROS, and MDA, and enhanced expression of H3K18la but decreased Sirt1 expression when compared with the NC group (P<0.01). In cellular experiments, H3K18la, ROS, and MDA levels were in a concentration-dependent increase with the increments of La concentration. Sirt1 overexpression significantly reduced H3K18la expression (P<0.01), whereas its knockdown conversely increased it (P<0.01). CUT&Tag analysis indicated that H3K18la plays a regulatory role in oxidative stress in NPCs. In animal experiments, the PIDD+oe-Sirt1 group exhibited significantly lower histological scores, along with reduced levels of ROS, H3K18la, and MDA in comparison to the PIDD and PIDD+Vector groups (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The expression of Sirt1 is significantly decreased in degenerative intervertebral discs. As a delactylase for histone H3K18la, Sirt1 may play a critical role in intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells through H3K18la lactylation.

intervertebral disc degeneration  /  Sirt1  /  H3K18 lactylation  /  nucleus pulposus cells
欧阳健, 翟羽, 张雨尧, 刘超, 刘铭汉, 李长青. Sirt1通过调控髓核细胞组蛋白H3K18乳酸化参与椎间盘退变的机制研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (24) : 3045 -3055 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509085
Jian OUYANG, Yu ZHAI, Yuyao ZHANG, Chao LIU, Minghan LIU, Changqing LI. Sirt1 is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration via regulating histone H3K18 lactylation in nucleus pulposus cells[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (24) : 3045 -3055 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509085
椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IVDD)是全球慢性腰背痛的主要原因之一,它严重影响生活质量,并造成沉重的社会和经济负担[1]。氧化应激损伤是椎间盘退变的核心病理机制:活性氧的过度积累可诱导髓核细胞凋亡,触发细胞外基质进行性降解,并激活炎症级联反应,共同驱动椎间盘退变的病理进展[2-3]。然而,氧化应激的上游调控机制尚未完全阐明。近期研究表明,在退变椎间盘组织中,髓核细胞糖酵解代谢途径显著活化,其代谢产物乳酸除作为能量代谢副产物外,同时充当组蛋白乳酸化修饰的关键底物,乳酸驱动的组蛋白乳酸化可通过表观遗传调控机制参与椎间盘退变的病理进程[4]。组蛋白乳酸化修饰广泛存在于所有4种核心组蛋白(H2A、H2B、H3和H4)上,且类型众多,其中以H3K18la 和H4K12la两个位点的研究最为广泛[5]。组蛋白乳酸化作为一种酶促反应,不同类型组蛋白乳酸化由不同的“writer”乳酰基转移酶如P300、CBP、AARS1,及“eraser”组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)、沉默信息调节蛋白(sirtuin,Sirt)等调节[6-9]。Sirt家族作为NAD⁺依赖性的去乙酰化酶,在延缓细胞衰老与抑制组织退变中发挥关键的保护作用,已被广泛认定为重要的抗退变调控因子[10-11]。研究表明,Sirt3可通过调控H3K9la抑制食管癌的进展[12]。然而,在椎间盘退变过程中,究竟是何种酶扮演着组蛋白乳酸化“eraser”的关键角色,以及其具体调控的组蛋白位点,尚需进一步阐明。因此,本研究旨在通过体外实验结合椎间盘退变模型,验证Sirt1表达下调与H3K18la修饰水平升高之间的关系,并进一步探究H3K18la是否通过特异性富集于氧化应激相关通路,从而促进髓核细胞损伤并加速椎间盘退变进程。
本研究选用的8周龄SD雄性大鼠72只,体质量230~250 g,分别用于尾椎椎间盘退变造模(50只)、髓核组织提取(10只)和髓核原代细胞提取(12只),实验动物均来自陆军军医大学实验动物中心。整个动物实验过程严格按伦理规范执行,且获得陆军军医大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准(AMUWEC20234648)。
采用尾椎间盘穿刺法构建PIDD模型。SD大鼠以2%戊巴比妥钠(40 mg/kg)麻醉,术区碘伏消毒后,使用灭菌1 mL注射器针头垂直穿刺目标椎间隙(深度5 mm),旋转2圈并维持30 s后拔针,再次消毒。具体分组如下:①20只大鼠于4/5、5/6、6/7椎间盘穿刺;②6只大鼠分为正常(NC)与针刺退变(PIDD)组(n=3),仅穿刺5/6椎间盘;③24只大鼠分为4组(n=6):NC、PIDD、PIDD+oe-Sirt1、PIDD+Vector,穿刺4/5、5/6、6/7椎间盘,造模后,对PIDD+oe-Sirt1组和PIDD+Vector组分别于穿刺椎间盘内注射2 μL过表达Sirt1慢病毒或空载病毒。各组均于术后3周过量麻醉处死,进行髓核组织、原代细胞提取以及收取椎间盘进行后续分析。
取22只SD雄性大鼠(10只用于髓核组织提取,12只用于髓核原代细胞提取),用2%戊巴比妥钠麻醉处死,获取尾巴置于碘伏内浸泡15 min,无菌条件下,除去皮肤、肌腱等附属组织,髓核组织提取:每只取3节段尾椎间盘中胶冻样髓核组织,然后使用超声波匀浆机(M3000,BioLogics,美国)提取匀浆物,将匀浆物离心以收集上清液用于后续MDA、La检测;髓核原代细胞提取:每只取3节段尾椎间盘中胶冻样髓核组织,然后用Ⅱ型胶原酶在37 ℃下消化1 h,随后在室温下以400 ×g离心5 min,取部分细胞用于ROS流式检测,其余细胞在含有10% FBS和1%青霉素/链霉素的DMEM/F12中培养,温度为37 ℃,CO2浓度为5%。每日观察细胞状态,细胞贴壁后每3 d更换一次培养基。当细胞汇合度至80%~90%时,利用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化细胞并进行传代培养,取3代以前髓核细胞被用于后续相关实验。
根据BARTELS[13]、ZHANG[14]的研究结论,本研究用PBS将乳酸试剂(L6402-5G,Sigma-Aldrich,德国)配成2、6、10 mmol/L La溶液,以模拟退变椎间盘中乳酸浓度,根据实验分组,分别用上述La溶液处理NPCs,48 h后进行后续的ROS、MDA及Western blot检测。
用丙二醛(MDA)检测试剂盒(S0131M,Beyotime,中国)测定髓核组织匀浆上清液、NPCs裂解液中MDA水平。向上清液、裂解液中加入TBA检测溶液,然后使用分光光度计测量532 nm处的光密度。根据标准曲线计算每个样品的MDA含量,然后通过BCA法测定样品的蛋白含量。所有实验结果均根据每个样品的蛋白含量进行标准化。
使用乳酸测定试剂盒(BC2235,Solarbio,中国)测量髓核组织匀浆上清液中的乳酸含量。通过逐级稀释储备标准液制备标准品。将反应混合物加入标准品和样品的每个孔中。在微孔板读数仪上于D(570)处测量输出值。根据标准曲线计算样品孔中乳酸的含量。
使用活性氧(ROS)检测试剂盒(CA1410,Solarbio,中国)。所有程序按照制造商的说明进行。原代细胞加入10 μmol/L DCFH-DA,37 ℃避光孵育20 min,用无血清培养基洗涤3次,流式细胞仪(Gallios,美国)检测和FlowJo分析;培养后的贴壁NPCs用PBS洗涤3次,每孔使用10 μmol/L DCFH-DA,37 ℃避光孵育20 min,每4 min混匀1次。用无血清培养基洗涤3次,荧光显微镜采集图像,用ImageJ软件进行分析。
将慢病毒转染的髓核细胞分为3组:病毒空载(Vector)组、Sirt1敲低(sh-Sirt1)组、Sirt1过表达(oe-Sirt1)组。病毒购于Genechem Co.(上海,中国)。根据公司提供的方案,将NPCs(1×105/孔)接种于6孔板内,培养至细胞汇合度为70%~80%时,选择MOI为25进行慢病毒转染。培育48 h后,加入5 μg/mL嘌呤霉素(MCE,New Jersey,美国),筛选稳定转染的髓核细胞。Western blot检测Sirt1的相对水平,验证病毒转染效果。
收集尾椎椎间盘髓核组织、NPCs,使用RIPA裂解液(PC103,Epizyme,中国)及1%通用蛋白酶抑制剂(组织样本匀浆处理),冰上裂解NPCs 30 min,4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心15 min取上清。通过BCA蛋白测定试剂盒(增强型,P0009,Beyotime,中国)定量蛋白浓度,并加入Omni-Easy™蛋白样本加载缓冲液(LT101S,Epizyme,中国)。用12.5% SDS-PAGE进行电泳分离,并将蛋白随后转移到0.2 μm PDVF膜(ISEQ00010,Merck Millipore,中国)上。随后,用10%脱脂牛奶封闭膜1 h,并用TBST缓冲盐水洗涤3次。一抗使用如下:①景杰生物(中国):H3K14la(PTM-1414RM)、H3K18la(PTM-1427RM)、H3K56la(PTM-1421RM)、H4K5la(PTM-1407RM)、H4K12la(PTM-1411RM)、H3(PTM-1001RM);②Protein-tech(中国):Sirt1(13161-1-AP)、Sirt2(19655-1-AP)、Sirt3(10099-1-AP)、HDAC1(10197-1-AP)、HDAC2(12922-3-AP)、HDAC3(10255-1-AP)、β-actin(66009-1-Ig)。4 ℃过夜孵育,二抗用抗兔(AS014,ABclonal,中国)、抗鼠(SA00001-1,Protein-tech,中国)室温孵育1h,免疫反应条带Omni-ECL™ 超灵敏化学发光检测试剂盒(SQ201,Epizyme,中国)和ChemiDoc成像系统(Bio-Rad)进行成像。用ImageJ软件进行灰度值分析。
NPCs接种于24孔板中,经过一系列处理步骤后,4%多聚甲醛固定15 min,用PBS清洗3次,通透溶液(P0095-500 mL,Beyotime,中国)通透10 min,封闭液(P0101,Beyotime,中国)封闭10 min。细胞在4 ℃下与H3K18la(PTM-1427RM,景杰生物,中国)一抗孵育过夜。然后,细胞与二抗(P0176,Beyotime,中国)孵育1 h。最后用4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)进行核染色。使用荧光显微镜拍摄图像,并用ImageJ软件进行分析。
大鼠椎间盘样本在手术3周后收集,组织用4%多聚甲醛固定48 h,然后脱钙2周,进行石蜡包埋和切片。利用苏木精伊红(HE)染色试剂盒(G1120,Solarbio,中国)和改良的番红固绿(safranin O-fast green,SO&FG)染色试剂盒(G1371,Solarbio,中国)对切片进行染色。使用正置光学显微镜(Olympus,Tokyo,日本)采集图像。
根据LAI[15]提出的椎间盘退变组织学分级标准,对大鼠椎间盘进行评分,包括以下8个方面:①髓核形状;②髓核面积占比;③髓核细胞数量;④髓核细胞形态;⑤髓核与纤维环边界清晰度;⑥纤维环层状形态;⑦纤维环断裂程度;⑧终板完整性。每个项目按程度轻重分别计0、1或2分。
CUT&Tag由爱基百客有限公司(中国武汉)使用Illumina的Hyperactive Universal CUT&Tag检测试剂盒(Vazyme)进行。NPCs与刀豆蛋白A涂层珠结合。在用一抗H3K18la(PTM-1427RM,景杰生物,中国)渗透和孵育后,用pA-Tn5转座酶精确标记DNA,并通过PCR富集以创建测序就绪文库。使用Illumina Novaseq平台对文库制备物进行测序,并产生150 bp的成对末端读数。
使用GraphPad Prism 8.0进行统计分析和统计图绘制,结果以x¯±s表示。每个实验至少重复3次。多组间统计比较采用单因素方差分析,两组间比较采用t检验。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
造模后3周,对NC组与PIDD组椎间盘组织行HE及SO&FG染色显示:PIDD组椎间盘层次结构紊乱,纤维环呈现不规则断裂,髓核区域蛋白聚糖含量显著降低(图1A),组织学评分较NC组显著升高(P<0.01,图1B)。与NC组相比,PIDD组髓核组织的ROS含量明显升高(P<0.01,图1C、D),La含量明显升高(P<0.01,图1E),MDA含量也明显升高(P<0.01,图1F),H3K18la的表达显著增加(P<0.01,图1G、H)。
采用不同浓度(2、6、10 mmol/L)La处理髓核细胞,蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示,H3K18la的表达随La浓度升高呈浓度依赖性升高(P<0.01,图2A、B);同时,细胞内ROS和MDA含量亦随La浓度升高而显著增加(P<0.01,图2C~E)。
造模后3周,本研究检测既往报道的组蛋白去乳酸化酶Sirt1-3和HDAC1-3在髓核组织中的表达情况。蛋白质印迹结果显示,与NC组相比,PIDD组髓核组织中Sirt1表达显著降低(P<0.01,图3A、B)。
为验证Sirt1对H3K18la是否具有去乳酸化修饰作用,本研究构建了Sirt1过表达(oe-Sirt1)慢病毒和Sirt1敲低(sh-Sirt1)慢病毒,并分别转染至髓核细胞(图4A、B),然后利用10 mmol/L La处理。结果显示,与单纯La处理组相比,oe-Sirt1组的髓核细胞中H3K18la、ROS及MDA水平均显著降低,而sh-Sirt1组则显著升高(P<0.01,图4C~G),表明Sirt1降低髓核细胞组蛋白H3K18la水平并减轻线粒体氧化应激损伤。
为进一步探究IVDD中Sirt1是否通过调控H3K18la修饰影响髓核细胞氧化应激,本研究采用针对H3K18la的抗体,对NC组和sh-Sirt1组的髓核细胞进行CUT&Tag测序分析,以初步筛选潜在的H3K18la下游靶基因。CUT&Tag测序结果显示,在转录起始位点(TSS)区域,sh-Sirt1组的H3K18la信号富集强度显著高于NC组(图5A)。本研究在NC组和sh-Sirt1组中分别鉴定出56 399和70 887个高质量的H3K18la结合峰(图5B)。对这些峰进行基因组注释发现,sh-Sirt1组的结合峰共关联到18 601个基因,其中包含1 837个sh-Sirt1组特有的差异结合峰关联基因(图5C)。基因本体(GO)生物过程富集分析显示,这些sh-Sirt1组特有的差异结合峰关联基因显著富集于氧化应激相关生物过程(图5D)。进一步分析该氧化应激通路中富集前10的基因(图5E),其中包括CYP1B1、KEAP1、TP53、ATOX1、DUOX1和UCP1等已知的促氧化应激基因。结果提示,敲低Sirt1可能通过增强H3K18乳酸化修饰水平,进而加剧髓核细胞的线粒体氧化应激水平。然而,这些候选基因与H3K18la的特异性结合及其确切的转录调控关系,仍需通过ChIP-qPCR等技术在特定基因位点上进行验证,并结合基因表达水平分析来最终确认。
为验证Sirt1是否可以降低H3K18la以发挥延缓椎间盘退变的作用,本研究将oe-Sirt1慢病毒用于大鼠尾椎针刺诱导的椎间盘退变模型的干预治疗。对大鼠椎间盘石蜡切片进行HE和SO&FG染色分析发现,与PIDD组及PIDD+Vector组相比,PIDD+oe-Sirt1组的椎间盘退变程度显著减轻,组织学评分显著降低(P<0.01,图6A、B),H3K18la表达明显下降(P<0.01,图6C、D)。此外,PIDD+oe-Sirt1组椎间盘组织中ROS和MDA水平亦显著降低(P<0.01,图6E~G)。
椎间盘退变过程中乳酸不断累积,主要由缺氧微环境下糖酵解途径增强所致[16]。传统观点认为乳酸仅是一种代谢终产物。然而,2019年赵英明教授团队首次报道乳酸可作为组蛋白乳酸化修饰的底物,提示其具有表观遗传调控因子的功能[17]。近期研究表明H3K18位点发生乳酸化与椎间盘退变密切相关[18]。本研究发现,H3K18位点乳酸化是髓核细胞氧化应激的关键调控因子,与该研究报道一致。通过检测退变椎间盘组织中多个组蛋白位点的乳酸化修饰水平,本研究发现H3K18la水平呈现特异性升高。为进一步探索其下游机制,本研究通过对H3K18la特异性抗体的CUT&Tag测序进行全基因组范围的初步筛选,结果显示在Sirt1敲低背景下,H3K18la广泛富集于众多氧化应激相关基因的调控区域。为验证其功能,本研究通过敲低Sirt1以升高H3K18la水平,结果显示细胞内ROS和MDA水平显著升高。这些综合证据提示,H3K18la可能作为椎间盘中代谢与表观遗传调控的连接枢纽,加速了椎间盘退变。值得指出的是,CUT&Tag筛选出的特定氧化应激基因(如CYP1B1、KEAP1等)与H3K18la的直接结合及其功能性影响,是未来研究工作需要重点验证的方向。
Sirt家族是一类依赖NAD+的去乙酰化酶,近年来研究发现Sirt家族成员Sirt1-3具有去乳酸化酶活性[9,19]。本研究结果发现,在髓核细胞中过表达Sirt1可显著降低H3K18la水平,并伴随ROS及MDA含量下降;相反,敲低Sirt1则使H3K18la水平显著升高,同时ROS与MDA水平也明显上升。这些细胞水平的实验结果间接支持了Sirt1对H3K18la的调控作用。然而,Sirt1直接催化H3K18la去修饰的酶学活性,仍需后续通过纯化的酶与底物在体外进行验证以提供直接证据。同时既往研究表明,Sirt1在椎间盘退变过程中作为氧化应激的关键调控因子发挥重要作用[20-22]。本研究在此基础上,通过对退变髓核组织的分析,进一步揭示了Sirt1可能通过一种新型表观遗传学机制发挥作用。本研究检测了Sirt家族及HDAC家族中已知的核心去乳酸化酶,发现仅Sirt1在退变髓核组织中呈现显著下调,而HDAC1-3及Sirt2-3的表达并无显著变化。这一结果提示,在椎间盘这一特定的代谢微环境中,Sirt1可能是调控H3K18乳酸化水平的关键酶。已有研究报道,不同组织或病理状态下,去乳酸化酶的作用存在特异性,Sirt1被证实是胃癌中组蛋白H3K18乳酸化的关键去乳酸化酶[23],而Sirt3则在食管鳞癌中被发现是组蛋白H3K9乳酸化的特异性“擦除器”[12]。因此,本研究推测在椎间盘中,独特的缺氧、高乳酸微环境可能塑造了其特异的表观遗传调控模式,其中Sirt1的下调是核心环节。这种下调作用在高乳酸微环境中加剧了H3K18la的异常累积,进而可能激活髓核细胞中促氧化应激相关基因的表达,最终促进椎间盘退变进程。当然,Sirt家族其他成员以及HDAC家族在椎间盘退变中是否扮演了Sirt1之外的冗余或互补角色,其具体机制有待进一步探究。
本研究通过体内外实验,揭示了Sirt1-H3K18la-氧化应激调控轴在椎间盘退变中的潜在作用,在大鼠针刺诱导的椎间盘退变模型中的实验结果表明,慢病毒载体介导的Sirt1过表达可显著抑制椎间盘组织中H3K18la修饰水平,减少活性氧(ROS)与丙二醛(MDA)的生成,并明显改善组织学评分。本研究与既往报道中Sirt1激动剂可缓解椎间盘退变的结论相一致[24-26],然而,本研究采用慢病毒介导的基因治疗方法,实现了Sirt1在体内的稳定过表达。相比于该靶点常用的小分子激动剂,此种基因治疗策略的独特价值在于其持久性与精准性:通过一次干预即可长期、稳定地增强Sirt1功能,并能规避小分子药物常见的脱靶风险。尽管如此,该方法仍存在若干需进一步解决的问题,例如椎间盘内致密组织结构导致的慢病毒转染效率偏低、慢病毒潜在的生物安全风险,以及可能引发的体内免疫反应等。
综上,本研究结果表明,Sirt1在IVDD进程中可能扮演着关键的去乳酸化修饰酶的角色,其作用机制或与拮抗H3K18la介导的氧化应激通路有关。这些发现不仅深化了对IVDD发病分子机制的理解,提示表观遗传调控在其中可能发挥重要作用,也为探索通过恢复Sirt1介导的表观遗传平衡来干预IVDD提供了潜在的干预策略与新视角。未来的研究应侧重于改进递送系统、深入阐明机制细节,并在临床相关模型中验证这些发现。

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2025年第47卷第24期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509085
  • 接收时间:2025-09-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-24
  • 修回日期:2025-12-09
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院骨科,重庆

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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