Article(id=1322934799719071807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934685818564977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412081, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=1739721600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341835192, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341835192, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341835192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341835192, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934685818564977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='489', pageEnd='628', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341808037, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341808037, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=506, endPage=518, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934799899426880, articleId=1322934799719071807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Effect of a compound nutrition preparation on wound healing after acute trauma in rats, columnId=1320435151990014650, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Military Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To explore the efficacy of a compound nutrition preparation on wound healing after acute trauma and investigate the underlying mechanism primarily.

Methods‍

After skin wound model was successfully constructed on totally 60 male SD rats surgically, they were randomly divided into control group (CON group), whey protein group (WP group) and low- and high-dose nutritional formula groups (LDF and HDF groups), with 15 animals in per group. From the next day after surgery, the rats in each group were given corresponding nutritional interventions for 2 weeks. During the intervention, the wound conditions were observed and recorded, and the wound area was measured. The samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after surgery, respectively. Serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), total protein (TP), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were detected by the corresponding reagent kits. The histopathologic changes of wound were observed with HE staining. Masson staining was used to observe the collagen fiber deposition in wound tissue. The angiogenesis of wound tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.

Results‍

Compared with the CON group, the wound healing speed, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis speed were significantly accelerated in the WP group, LDF group and HDF group (P<0.05), and the effects were the most obvious in the HDF group. On the 3rd day after surgery, in the WP, LDF and HDF groups, the serum ALB, PA and TP levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were obviously decreased (P<0.05), and serum IL-10 level was notably increased (except WP group) when compared with the CON group. The serum IgG and IgM levels were significantly increased in the LDF group and HDF group (P<0.05) and significant increment of IgA was only observed in the HDF group (P<0.05). On the 7th day after modeling, the levels of ALB, PA and TP were significantly increased (P<0.05), the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were obviously decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-10 were remarkably increased (P<0.05) in the HDF group than the CON group; The LDF group and HDF group had significantly elevated serum IgG and IgM levels (P<0.05), but only the former group had statistically increased serum IgA level (P<0.05). On the 14th day after modeling, the HDF group had significantly increased levels of ALB and TP (P<0.05), decreased levels of IL-1β (P<0.05), and raised levels of IgG and IgM when compared with the CON group (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

Our compound nutrition preparation promotes wound healing in rat model of acute trauma, which might be related to its improving the nutritional status, promoting collagen synthesis, and thus alleviating inflammatory response and enhancing immune function.

, authors=Wenbin XIN1, Qian BAI1, Xiangmin NI1, Rongjiang HUANG1, Xinyu LIANG1, Mantian MI2, Jian WANG1, authorsList=Wenbin XIN, Qian BAI, Xiangmin NI, Rongjiang HUANG, Xinyu LIANG, Mantian MI, Jian WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mantian MI, Jian WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934803527499857, articleId=1322934799719071807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=一种复方营养制剂对大鼠急性创伤后伤口愈合的影响研究, columnId=1322185581656920707, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=军事医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

一种复方营养制剂对急性创伤后伤口愈合的作用效果及其原理的初步探讨。

方法

60只雄性SD大鼠通过外科手术方法成功构建皮肤创面模型后,采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为对照组(CON组)、乳清蛋白组(whey protein,WP组)、低剂量复方营养制剂组(low-dose nutritional formula,LDF组)和高剂量复方营养制剂组(high-dose nutritional formula,HDF组),每组15只。各组大鼠于术后次日起给予对应营养干预2周,干预期间观察记录各组大鼠的伤口情况并测量伤口面积。分别于术后第3、7、14天取材,采用试剂盒检测血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10)、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)及羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)水平;HE染色观察伤口创面组织病理形态学变化;Masson染色观察伤口创面组织胶原纤维沉积情况;免疫组化染色评估伤口创面组织血管生成情况。

结果

与CON组比较,WP组、LDF组、HDF组的创面愈合速度、胶原合成及血管生成速度明显加快(P<0.05),其中HDF组效果最明显。术后第3天,与CON组相比,WP组、LDF组和HDF组血清ALB、PA、TP水平显著升高(P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05),而IL-10水平显著升高(WP组除外),LDF组、HDF组血清IgG、IgM水平显著升高(P<0.05),HDF组血清IgA水平显著升高(P<0.05);术后第7天,与CON组相比,HDF组ALB、PA和TP水平显著升高(P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平显著降低(P<0.05),而IL-10水平显著升高(P<0.05),LDF组、HDF组血清IgG、IgM水平显著升高(P<0.05),HDF组血清IgA水平显著升高(P<0.05);术后第14天,与CON组相比,HDF组ALB、TP水平显著升高(P<0.05),IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05),IgG、IgM水平显著升高(P<0.05)。

结论

本研究中的复方营养制剂能够促进急性伤口愈合,其可能原因与制剂能改善大鼠营养状况,促进胶原蛋白合成,减轻机体炎症反应并增强免疫功能有关。

, authors=辛文彬1, 白倩1, 倪向敏1, 黄荣江1, 梁馨予1, 糜漫天2, 王建1, authorsList=辛文彬, 白倩, 倪向敏, 黄荣江, 梁馨予, 糜漫天, 王建, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=糜漫天, 王建, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王建,E-mail:
糜漫天,E-mail:
WANG Jian,E-mail:
MI Mantian,E-mail:
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Adv Healthc Mater,2024,13(10):e2303501., articleTitle=Multifunctional regeneration silicon-loaded chitosan hydrogels for MRSA-infected diabetic wound healing, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934803779158098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934803800129620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, companyId=1322934803779158098, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Nutrition,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934803812712533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, companyId=1322934803779158098, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院营养科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934803871432790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934803884015703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, companyId=1322934803871432790, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Nutrition and Food Safety Research Center,Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health,Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934803900792920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, companyId=1322934803871432790, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系营养与食品安全研究中心,重庆市医学营养研究中心,营养与健康重庆市重点实验室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934808128651398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vKb14YbKqCaFdbAox4Jt6Q==, figureFileBig=AUYoOBFj+1+1dTG7myCjLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934808208343175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=CN, label=图1, caption=复方营养制剂干预对创伤大鼠体质量(A)和摄食量(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=vKb14YbKqCaFdbAox4Jt6Q==, figureFileBig=AUYoOBFj+1+1dTG7myCjLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934808413864072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BooHUSLY5OMNLs05VRbYIw==, figureFileBig=Cx/K4ZEOhTqhN3f98aMgyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934808480972937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=CN, label=图2, caption=复方营养制剂干预对创伤大鼠伤口愈合及愈合率影响 (n=5)

A:创伤建模后不同时间点大鼠伤口愈合情况的代表性图像;B:复方营养制剂干预对创伤大鼠创面愈合率影响 a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较

, figureFileSmall=BooHUSLY5OMNLs05VRbYIw==, figureFileBig=Cx/K4ZEOhTqhN3f98aMgyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934808556470410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=A/orvvJsR4pELI4qQYARZA==, figureFileBig=0PQUwCnKb62PGmagVrTwiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934808728436875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=CN, label=图3, caption=创面愈合的HE染色分析 (n=5)

a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较A:第3、7、14天创面组织HE染色 黑色箭头:示伤口边界;B:第14天各组肉芽组织厚度定量分析;C:第14天各组伤口新生上皮化长度定量分析

, figureFileSmall=A/orvvJsR4pELI4qQYARZA==, figureFileBig=0PQUwCnKb62PGmagVrTwiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934808820711564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CH3WPri0qEsaMuMbDAsfGw==, figureFileBig=iFniC1gHKhxi/wRpeIPzXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934809139478669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=CN, label=图4, caption=创面愈合的Masson染色和血清Hyp分析 (n=5)

a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较A:第3、7、14天创面组织Masson染色;B:第14天胶原沉积的定量分析;C:血清Hyp检测结果

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A:第3、7、14天创面组织免疫组化染色 箭头:示新生血管;B:第14天CD31阳性面积百分比(n=5) a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较

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a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较A:血清ALB水平;B:血清PA水平;C:血清TP水平

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a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较A:血清TNF-α水平;B:血清IL-1β水平;C:血清IL-6水平;D:血清IL-10水平

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a:P<0.05,与CON组比较;b:P<0.05,与WP组比较;c:P<0.05,与LDF组比较A:血清IgA水平;B:血清IgG水平;C:血清IgM水平

, figureFileSmall=qusEMMidmq02IJG5t1Hmhg==, figureFileBig=ZKmBitnaQPAX1pCimbov8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934812184543384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养成分复方营养制剂的营养成分组成(g/100 g)
L-谷氨酰胺49.88
L-精氨酸22.45
Omega-3脂肪酸2.49
维生素A37.41×10-4
维生素C1.25
维生素E49.88×10-2
锌74.82×10-3
硒24.94×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1322934812255846553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934799719071807, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

复方营养制剂的主要营养成分组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养成分复方营养制剂的营养成分组成(g/100 g)
L-谷氨酰胺49.88
L-精氨酸22.45
Omega-3脂肪酸2.49
维生素A37.41×10-4
维生素C1.25
维生素E49.88×10-2
锌74.82×10-3
硒24.94×10-5
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一种复方营养制剂对大鼠急性创伤后伤口愈合的影响研究
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辛文彬 1 , 白倩 1 , 倪向敏 1 , 黄荣江 1 , 梁馨予 1 , 糜漫天 2 , 王建 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 军事医学 2025,47(6): 506-518
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陆军军医大学学报 |军事医学 2025 , 47 (6) : 506 -518
一种复方营养制剂对大鼠急性创伤后伤口愈合的影响研究
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辛文彬1, 白倩1, 倪向敏1, 黄荣江1, 梁馨予1, 糜漫天2 , 王建1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院营养科,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系营养与食品安全研究中心,重庆市医学营养研究中心,营养与健康重庆市重点实验室,重庆
通讯作者:
王建,E-mail:
糜漫天,E-mail:
WANG Jian,E-mail:
MI Mantian,E-mail:
Effect of a compound nutrition preparation on wound healing after acute trauma in rats
Wenbin XIN1, Qian BAI1, Xiangmin NI1, Rongjiang HUANG1, Xinyu LIANG1, Mantian MI2 , Jian WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nutrition,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 2Nutrition and Food Safety Research Center,Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health,Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412081
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目的

一种复方营养制剂对急性创伤后伤口愈合的作用效果及其原理的初步探讨。

方法

60只雄性SD大鼠通过外科手术方法成功构建皮肤创面模型后,采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为对照组(CON组)、乳清蛋白组(whey protein,WP组)、低剂量复方营养制剂组(low-dose nutritional formula,LDF组)和高剂量复方营养制剂组(high-dose nutritional formula,HDF组),每组15只。各组大鼠于术后次日起给予对应营养干预2周,干预期间观察记录各组大鼠的伤口情况并测量伤口面积。分别于术后第3、7、14天取材,采用试剂盒检测血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10)、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)及羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)水平;HE染色观察伤口创面组织病理形态学变化;Masson染色观察伤口创面组织胶原纤维沉积情况;免疫组化染色评估伤口创面组织血管生成情况。

结果

与CON组比较,WP组、LDF组、HDF组的创面愈合速度、胶原合成及血管生成速度明显加快(P<0.05),其中HDF组效果最明显。术后第3天,与CON组相比,WP组、LDF组和HDF组血清ALB、PA、TP水平显著升高(P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05),而IL-10水平显著升高(WP组除外),LDF组、HDF组血清IgG、IgM水平显著升高(P<0.05),HDF组血清IgA水平显著升高(P<0.05);术后第7天,与CON组相比,HDF组ALB、PA和TP水平显著升高(P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平显著降低(P<0.05),而IL-10水平显著升高(P<0.05),LDF组、HDF组血清IgG、IgM水平显著升高(P<0.05),HDF组血清IgA水平显著升高(P<0.05);术后第14天,与CON组相比,HDF组ALB、TP水平显著升高(P<0.05),IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05),IgG、IgM水平显著升高(P<0.05)。

结论

本研究中的复方营养制剂能够促进急性伤口愈合,其可能原因与制剂能改善大鼠营养状况,促进胶原蛋白合成,减轻机体炎症反应并增强免疫功能有关。

伤口愈合  /  复方营养制剂  /  营养状况  /  炎症反应  /  免疫功能
Objective‍

To explore the efficacy of a compound nutrition preparation on wound healing after acute trauma and investigate the underlying mechanism primarily.

Methods‍

After skin wound model was successfully constructed on totally 60 male SD rats surgically, they were randomly divided into control group (CON group), whey protein group (WP group) and low- and high-dose nutritional formula groups (LDF and HDF groups), with 15 animals in per group. From the next day after surgery, the rats in each group were given corresponding nutritional interventions for 2 weeks. During the intervention, the wound conditions were observed and recorded, and the wound area was measured. The samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after surgery, respectively. Serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), total protein (TP), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were detected by the corresponding reagent kits. The histopathologic changes of wound were observed with HE staining. Masson staining was used to observe the collagen fiber deposition in wound tissue. The angiogenesis of wound tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.

Results‍

Compared with the CON group, the wound healing speed, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis speed were significantly accelerated in the WP group, LDF group and HDF group (P<0.05), and the effects were the most obvious in the HDF group. On the 3rd day after surgery, in the WP, LDF and HDF groups, the serum ALB, PA and TP levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were obviously decreased (P<0.05), and serum IL-10 level was notably increased (except WP group) when compared with the CON group. The serum IgG and IgM levels were significantly increased in the LDF group and HDF group (P<0.05) and significant increment of IgA was only observed in the HDF group (P<0.05). On the 7th day after modeling, the levels of ALB, PA and TP were significantly increased (P<0.05), the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were obviously decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-10 were remarkably increased (P<0.05) in the HDF group than the CON group; The LDF group and HDF group had significantly elevated serum IgG and IgM levels (P<0.05), but only the former group had statistically increased serum IgA level (P<0.05). On the 14th day after modeling, the HDF group had significantly increased levels of ALB and TP (P<0.05), decreased levels of IL-1β (P<0.05), and raised levels of IgG and IgM when compared with the CON group (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

Our compound nutrition preparation promotes wound healing in rat model of acute trauma, which might be related to its improving the nutritional status, promoting collagen synthesis, and thus alleviating inflammatory response and enhancing immune function.

wound healing  /  compound nutritional preparation  /  nutritional status  /  inflammatory response  /  immune function
辛文彬, 白倩, 倪向敏, 黄荣江, 梁馨予, 糜漫天, 王建. 一种复方营养制剂对大鼠急性创伤后伤口愈合的影响研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (6) : 506 -518 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412081
Wenbin XIN, Qian BAI, Xiangmin NI, Rongjiang HUANG, Xinyu LIANG, Mantian MI, Jian WANG. Effect of a compound nutrition preparation on wound healing after acute trauma in rats[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (6) : 506 -518 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412081
创伤或手术患者经常观察到伤口愈合延迟或愈合障碍,一些特殊作业环境下的创伤患者常常伤势重、伤型复杂、并发症多,创口较大且极易感染。创伤后机体发生一系列代谢和免疫改变,若缺乏积极有效的综合救治,极易引起创面愈合不良及各种感染性并发症,甚至出现多器官功能衰竭等严重不良结局[1-3]。伤口愈合不良不仅是创伤患者常见的并发症,同时也是临床预后不良的重要原因。伤口愈合障碍常导致过高的公共卫生经济负担,有研究表明,创伤患者出现继发伤口愈合障碍时,相关医疗成本的估计范围为280~986亿美元[4]。因此,伤口的快速、高质量修复对于减轻创伤后的继发损害、最大限度地维护并促进健康恢复至关重要。
伤口愈合涉及复杂的生物学过程,包括止血、炎症反应、组织增生和重塑等,营养物质缺乏、过度炎症反应、感染、免疫功能降低等诸多因素均会对伤口愈合产生影响[5-6]。其中,营养因素是参与伤口愈合各个阶段、保障各项生物学活动的关键所在,充足的营养可显著促进愈合并增强机体免疫力,从而降低感染风险和死亡率[7-8]。某些特定营养素能够促进组织增生形成、减轻氧化,并促进伤口愈合[9];相反地,营养不良或部分营养素缺乏是伤口愈合延迟的独立危险因素[10]。国内外研究表明,宏量营养素为伤口愈合提供能量支持及组织修复底物,某些特殊营养素的补充能够对创伤患者发挥积极效应[11],如精氨酸、Omega-3脂肪酸、谷氨酰胺等免疫营养素的补充可改善伤口愈合并减少术后并发症和感染性疾病的发生[12];抗氧化微量营养素(如抗坏血酸、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素)以及抗氧化酶的辅助因子(如锌和硒)在伤口愈合中也起着重要作用[13]。多种营养素间的效应不是简单叠加,更可能存在协同作用,效果往往优于单一营养素补充[14]。因此,优化的复合营养补充可能成为伤口治疗的一种有效策略。本研究针对创伤患者救治需求,基于创伤患者营养代谢特点试制一种复方营养制剂,评估其对急性创伤后伤口愈合的作用效果,并初步探讨相关潜在作用机制,以期为创伤患者营养治疗策略研究提供科学依据。
L-谷氨酰胺、L-精氨酸(中国,河北力维素科技有限公司);鱼油粉、维生素A、维生素E(中国,嘉兴富维康生物科技有限公司);维生素C[中国,石药集团维生药业(石家庄)有限公司];乳酸锌(中国,郑州瑞普生物工程有限公司);富硒酵母(中国,山东齐鲁生物科技有限公司);乳清蛋白(中国,重庆续能特殊医学用途配方食品有限公司);血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)检测试剂盒(中国,厦门慧嘉生物科技有限公司);白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)检测试剂盒(中国,上海江莱生物科技有限公司)。
该复方营养制剂有效成分主要包含L-谷氨酰胺、L-精氨酸、Omega-3脂肪酸、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、锌、硒(表1)。以60 kg定义1名自然人的体质量,将人群试验中每人每日所补充单一营养素换算成每人每日每千克体质量所需剂量,结合《保健食品功能检验与评价方法》(2023年版)中规定的动物实验分组及干预剂量标准确定动物实验干预剂量,按人群实验报道的有效干预剂量的5、10倍作为低、高剂量复方营养制剂组,将8种营养素原料进行混合,每天根据大鼠体质量称取所需剂量,采用生理盐水溶解并超声震荡混匀备用。
60只SD雄性大鼠,6~7周龄,体质量为190~210 g,采购于陆军军医大学实验动物中心,实验动物使用许可证号:SYXK(渝)2022-0018。大鼠饲养于陆军军医大学SPF级实验动物中心,在标准室温和湿度条件下饲养,12 h/12 h光暗周期循环,自由饮水和进食。本研究实验过程中,遵循实验动物伦理规定,经陆军军医大学实验动物福利伦理审查委员会批准(AMUWEC20235102)。
60只SD大鼠适应性喂养1周后,通过皮肤全层切除手术构建大鼠皮肤创伤模型,该模型已被用于创伤愈合的生物化学和组织学评估[15]。腹腔注射7%水合氯醛(0.3 mL/100 g)麻醉大鼠,去除大鼠背部毛发,并对该区域进行消毒,在大鼠背部造2 cm×2 cm创口,创口深及筋膜层。建模后,每只大鼠单独喂养,以防互相撕咬伤口。采用随机数字表法将手术大鼠随机分为对照组(CON组)、乳清蛋白组(whey protein,WP组)、低剂量复方营养制剂组(low-dose nutritional formula,LDF组)、高剂量复方营养制剂组(high-dose nutritional formula,HDF组),每组15只。术后,各组前3 d均使用无菌辅料包扎伤口,WP组给予大鼠乳清蛋白(6.682 g/kg)、LDF组给予大鼠低剂量复方营养制剂(3.341 g/kg),HDF组给予大鼠高剂量复方营养制剂(6.682 g/kg),CON组给予大鼠同等体积生理盐水,每天上午9:00灌胃。分别于术后第3、7、14天,每组随机抽取5只大鼠麻醉后处死,称量胸腺、脾脏质量,收集血清及伤口周围组织样本,保存于-80 ℃冰箱,用于后续相应检测。《加速康复外科围术期营养支持中国专家共识》(2019)建议术后摄入蛋白质的目标量是1.5~2.0 g/(kg·d),根据《药理实验方法学》中的等效剂量系数折算法,大鼠的剂量为人的6.3倍,即9.5~12.6 g/(kg·d),大鼠在日粮中摄入蛋白质约4.3 g/(kg·d),需额外补充5.2~8.3 g/(kg·d),为与高剂量组摄入营养制剂质量一致,即WP组给予大鼠乳清蛋白6.682 g/(kg·d)。
造模后每天观察伤口并用数码相机拍摄各组大鼠伤口图像,使用Image J软件测定伤口面积,并计算伤口愈合率。计算公式:伤口愈合率(%)=(伤口初始面积-未愈合伤口面积)/伤口初始面积×100%。
取术后第3、7、14天经4%多聚甲醛溶液固定的伤口周围组织,经脱水和石蜡包埋后切片,石蜡切片脱蜡后进行HE和Masson染色,光学显微镜下观察并记录皮肤创面组织病理形态学变化。HE染色中对第14天的肉芽组织厚度和新生上皮化长度进行定量;Masson染色中使用Image J软件颜色反卷积算法量化第14天各组胶原沉积百分率。
取术后第3、7、14天经4%多聚甲醛溶液固定的伤口周围组织,经脱水和石蜡包埋后切片,石蜡切片脱蜡后进行CD31免疫组织化学染色,光学显微镜下观察并记录创面组织毛细血管生成情况。CD31免疫组织化学染色中使用Image J软件对术后第14天各组创面组织毛细血管密度进行量化。
取术后第3、7、14天冻存的各组大鼠血清,按照试剂盒说明书测定血清ALB、PA、TP和Hyp水平。
取术后第3、7、14天冻存的各组大鼠血清,按照试剂盒说明书测定血清中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平。
取术后第3、7、14天冻存的各组大鼠血清,按照试剂盒说明书测定血清中IgA、IgG、IgM水平。处死大鼠后取术后第14天胸腺和脾脏组织,称量并计算大鼠脾脏和胸腺器官指数。
使用SPSS26.0软件进行数据分析。计量资料以x¯±s表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),两两比较采用LSD法检验。以P<0.05视为差异具有统计学意义。
干预期间各组大鼠体质量变化及摄食量情况如图1所示,HDF和LDF组体质量及摄食量与WP组、CON组相比差异无统计学意义,HDF和LDF 2组之间的体质量及摄食量均无显著差异。以上结果提示,复方营养制剂干预对大鼠摄食量和体质量无明显影响。
为评价不同营养制剂干预对创面愈合不同时相的影响,于建模当日及建模后第3、7、14天分别对各组大鼠的伤口进行拍照记录并测量伤口面积。各组伤口于术后第3天均已止血且无明显渗出液,伤口面积减小,术后第7天伤口面积进一步缩小并结痂,随时间推移,各组伤口面积存在明显差异(图2A)。对各组大鼠的伤口愈合率进行计算并统计分析,结果发现,在建模后第3天,与CON组比较,HDF和LDF 2复方营养制剂干预组的伤口愈合率显著升高(P<0.05),而WP组未见明显差异,表明复方营养制剂干预在伤口愈合早期即出现较好的促愈作用;在建模后的第7天,HDF、LDF和WP组的伤口愈合率较CON组均显著升高(图2B,P<0.05),同时HDF组的伤口愈合率显著高于LDF组,提示复方营养制剂促进伤口愈合可能存在剂量依赖效应;术后第14天仅HDF组的伤口愈合率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),提示高剂量复方营养制剂对伤口愈合具有较好的促进作用。
进一步采用HE染色对各组大鼠伤口的组织病理学改变进行评估,结果显示,术后第3天各组创面组织中均可观察到软组织肿胀伴大量炎性细胞浸润,其中,CON组肿胀程度最大,HDF组最小,各组均未观察到新生表皮;术后第7天,各组组织水肿减轻,炎性细胞浸润减少,肉芽组织形成,HDF组中观察到更多的肉芽组织和更窄的伤口间隙;术后第14天,HDF组中可观察到新形成表皮中的毛囊,而其余各组均未见(图3A)。对术后第14天的肉芽组织厚度进行量化,3个治疗组肉芽组织厚度均高于CON组(P<0.05),且HDF组的肉芽组织厚度较另外2个治疗组显著增加(P<0.05,图3B);对第14天各组新生上皮化长度进行量化,HDF组显著长于其他各组(P<0.05,图3C)。
利用Masson染色评估复方营养制剂干预对创面组织胶原纤维生成的影响。结果显示,术后第3天,创面组织中仅含少量肥胖的成纤维细胞,分泌较少胶原纤维,各组中几乎未观察到蓝色染色反应的胶原纤维;术后第7天,成纤维细胞数量增多,逐渐转型为肌成纤维细胞,合成和分泌的胶原纤维增多,各组中观察到蓝色染色范围增多;术后第14天,成纤维细胞分泌胶原纤维进一步增多,并逐渐形成致密的平行结构,各组中观察到蓝色染色反应的结缔组织再生增多明显,与CON组相比,3个治疗组增多更加明显,HDF组比LDF组和WP组具有更好的胶原沉积和更致密的胶原纤维分布(图4A)。进一步定量分析显示,HDF组中的胶原沉积率显著高于CON组、WP组和LDF组(图4B)。各组Hyp含量以表征机体胶原蛋白代谢情况,在各时间点LDF、HDF组的血清Hyp水平均显著高于CON组(P<0.05,图4C)。以上结果表明,复方营养制剂干预促进了组织胶原纤维的生成及沉积,且效果与剂量有关。
利用免疫组化染色标记并检测CD31的表达来评估复方营养制剂干预对创面组织血管生成的影响。术后第3天,新生毛细血管较少,伤口部位血管壁扩张;术后第7天,肉芽组织中新生血管增多,毛细血管出芽浸润损伤部位;术后第14天,新生组织内的血管逐渐增多、成熟,可见HDF组CD31染色毛细血管的形成较其他各组明显增多(图5A)。定量分析显示,术后第14天3个治疗组的CD31阳性面积百分比较CON组均显著增加,此外,HDF组的CD31阳性面积百分比显著高于WP组和LDF组(P<0.05),见图5B。上述结果表明,复方营养制剂干预显著促进了创面的血管生成,这种作用存在一定剂量依赖效应。
术后第3天,3个治疗组血清ALB、PA和TP水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);术后第7天,上述差异减小或消失,但HDF组ALB、PA和TP水平仍高于CON组(P<0.05);术后第14天,HDF组的ALB、TP水平仍显著高于CON组(P<0.05,图6)。结果表明,复方营养制剂干预显著改善了机体营养状况,这种作用存在一定剂量依赖效应。
伤口形成后几分钟内即发生炎症反应,促炎细胞因子水平升高,而抗炎细胞因子水平下降。创伤早期(术后第3天),WP组、LDF组和HDF组TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著低于CON组(P<0.05),而IL-10水平显著高于CON组(WP组除外);术后第7天,差异逐渐减小,表明大鼠伤口修复由炎症期进入增殖期,但HDF组与CON组相比,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平差异具有显著性(P<0.05);术后第14天,HDF组IL-1β水平仍显著低于CON组,见图7。结果表明,给予乳清蛋白或复方营养制剂可在一定程度上抑制炎症,HDF组效果最好,复方营养制剂在炎症期的作用呈一定剂量依赖性。
各组大鼠免疫器官质量及血清免疫球蛋白水平检测结果显示,术后第14天各组大鼠之间胸腺指数和脾脏指数无显著差异。在术后第3天和第7天,LDF组、HDF组血清IgG、IgM水平显著高于CON组(P<0.05),并呈一定的剂量依赖性,HDF组血清IgA水平与CON组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05);术后第14天,HDF组血清IgG、IgM水平仍显著高于CON组(P<0.05),见图8。以上结果表明,复方营养制剂干预可在一定程度上提升大鼠免疫功能。
伤口愈合是一个复杂的生理过程,涉及炎症、增殖和重塑等多个阶段。近年来,关于营养补充在伤口愈合中的作用引起了广泛关注,某些特定的营养素能够通过调节代谢、免疫和抗氧化等机制,显著促进伤口愈合并减少并发症的发生。研究表明,谷氨酰胺能够通过其代谢、酶活性、抗氧化及免疫调节等多重作用,在伤口愈合中发挥重要功能,它还可以通过上调热休克蛋白的表达来预防感染和炎症的发生[16-17]。临床研究表明,每日补充20 g谷氨酰胺可显著缩短创伤患者的伤口闭合时间,同时改善机体氮平衡和蛋白质代谢,减少胰岛素抵抗,并降低感染性并发症的发生率[18-19]。精氨酸作为一氧化氮和脯氨酸的前体,对胶原蛋白的合成至关重要,每日补充9 g精氨酸可促进创伤患者蛋白合成,增加创口疤痕中胶原纤维含量,改善氮平衡,并加速创面愈合和机体恢复[18,20-21]。Omega-3脂肪酸则可通过下调炎症反应,提高CD4+/CD8+ T细胞比例以及增强B细胞的特异性抗体产生,显著提升免疫力并降低感染风险,推荐补充剂量为1 g/d[18,22]。此外,补充锌30 mg/d、硒100 μg/d可以增强机体免疫力,并在伤口愈合的增殖和重塑阶段发挥关键作用,它们通过刺激相关酶,促进胶原蛋白合成、成纤维细胞增殖和上皮化过程[19,23-24]。补充维生素A 1 500 μg RAE/d、维生素E 200 mg α-TE/d则通过调节炎症反应,在伤口愈合中表现出积极作用[25-26]。伤口愈合过程中,补充维生素C 500 mg/d不仅能够促进细胞迁移和转化,还能增强胶原蛋白合成和抗氧化反应,同时在血管生成中发挥多重作用[17-19]。
目前,促愈营养制剂的研究逐渐从单一组分的研究转向营养素的组合效应研究,多种营养素间的效应不是简单叠加,而是协同作用,效果往往优于补充某种单一营养素。研究表明,单独补充精氨酸未发现对伤口愈合有积极影响,单独提供锌和维生素C时积极影响亦不显著[27-28]。也有临床研究发现,单独施用免疫营养素对患者预后无明显影响,甚至对机体预后有不利影响,可能原因是忽略了营养素间的协同作用[29]。合理的营养素组合往往能够发挥意想不到的效应。谷氨酰胺可以改善细胞对维生素C的摄取,补充谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、锌和维生素C的组合可以改善压疮患者创面愈合,增加早期伤口胶原蛋白形成[30];Omega-3脂肪酸和精氨酸的组合在预防感染方面比单独使用任何一种更有效[31];维生素E通过与硒依赖性谷胱甘肽氧化酶相互作用来抑制细胞膜脂肪酸的降解,从而发挥抗氧化作用[32];锌是胶原蛋白形成、从肝脏储存中释放维生素A以及调节先天性和适应性免疫反应的辅助因子,缺锌则会损害维生素A的吸收、运输和代谢[33-34]。
本研究结合创伤患者特点及伤口愈合所需,通过文献调研并结合相关实验室研究,遴选出多种具有促进创伤恢复效应的营养成分,研制出一种可促进急性创伤后伤口愈合的复方营养制剂。因乳清蛋白能够有效促进伤口愈合[28,35],本研究以乳清蛋白作为阳性对照,且与不同剂量复方营养制剂组进行比较,评价该营养配方的功效和适宜用量。本实验采用皮肤全层切除手术建立动物模型,通过计算伤口愈合率评估复方营养制剂在伤口愈合中的作用,结果显示,复方营养制剂干预可加快伤口愈合速度,且效果与剂量相关。
人体在手术、创伤等应激状态下,基础代谢率增加,胰岛素抵抗、负氮平衡和急性期反应蛋白合成增强,身体会分解更多的蛋白和氨基酸,出现能量和营养物质耗竭,且大量蛋白质会通过伤口渗出物持续流失[27,36]。慢性伤口患者的蛋白质和能量需求可能分别增加250%和50%[17]。营养不良是导致伤口愈合受损的常见危险因素,蛋白质能量缺乏会降低成纤维细胞活性,延迟血管生成并减少胶原蛋白的形成,延迟创面愈合,甚至不愈合[17]。一些特定营养素与机体蛋白质合成与代谢息息相关。ALB、PA和TP水平常作为营养状况评估工具,能很好反映人体营养状况。本研究结果表明,创伤后不同剂量复方营养制剂的摄取可显著提升ALB、PA和TP水平,改善创面愈合早期的营养状态,HDF组效果好于WP组和LDF组。这可能与复方营养制剂中添加了谷氨酰胺和精氨酸有关。
创面修复是一个复杂而有序的生物学过程,炎症期是伤口愈合的初始阶段,对整个愈合过程至关重要,适度的炎症反应对创伤修复有益,炎症因子的过度表达抑制伤口收缩,不利于组织修复[37]。IL-10已被证明可以有效减少巨噬细胞浸润并抑制促炎介质,从而加速肉芽组织形成和再上皮化,增强伤口血运重建,正向调节皮肤创面修复[38];而高浓度的IL-1β抑制成纤维细胞的增殖和迁移[39];有证据表明创伤患者伤口延迟愈合与伤口引流液中的高IL-6水平相关[40];动物模型中的伤口愈合受损和人类急性伤口愈合延迟与局部和全身TNF-α水平升高有关[41]。创伤后机体免疫防御功能降低,表现出免疫抑制状态,抑制程度与创伤严重程度、急性炎症反应强度成正比,创伤后的免疫抑制又可增加代偿性促炎反应,延迟从炎症期到增殖期的进展[42-43]。这些因素往往是导致创伤后创面愈合不良、感染等并发症增多的重要原因,严重影响创伤后恢复。本研究结果表明,复方营养制剂干预可使抑炎因子IL-10水平升高,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6等炎症因子水平下降,HDF组效果好于WP组和LDF组;复方营养制剂干预能够提升血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG和IgM水平,其变化程度与复方营养制剂呈一定的剂量效应关系。该配方能够提高免疫功能,减轻机体炎症反应,这可能与该配方中多种营养组分有关。
创面组织再上皮化、胶原合成和新生血管生成是影响伤口愈合的重要因素[44-45]。通过HE染色发现,复方营养制剂支持治疗后伤口组织再上皮化速度加快,肉芽组织形成更好;血清Hyp检测及Masson染色结果表明,复方营养制剂可提升大鼠胶原蛋白合成,增加创面组织胶原纤维沉积;免疫组化染色发现,复方营养制剂可加快创面组织血管生成速度。这可能得益于该配方中精氨酸、维生素A、C和锌的功效。
综上所述,本研究结合临床及创伤救治需求,参考国家相关标准,通过动物实验评估一种复方营养制剂对急性创伤后伤口愈合的作用效果。研究结果表明,该复方营养制剂能够有效促进急性创伤后伤口愈合,潜在作用机制可能与改善创伤后营养状况,减轻炎症反应,增强免疫功能,以及促进创面组织再上皮化、胶原纤维沉积和新生血管生成有关。研究结果为临床上以及一些特殊作业环境下急性创伤相关治疗提供了实验依据,有利于创伤患者快速康复需求中的营养支持治疗策略研究。本研究中,关于复方营养制剂促进急性创伤后伤口愈合的机制未进行深入研究,在未来的研究中,需以各营养素协同效应为切入点,进一步深入研究其潜在分子机制。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412081
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
  • 修回日期:2025-02-17
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院营养科,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系营养与食品安全研究中心,重庆市医学营养研究中心,营养与健康重庆市重点实验室,重庆

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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