Article(id=1322934740793303054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934653228822704, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202409151, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727625600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-30, revisedDate=1737216000000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341821143, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341821143, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341821143, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341821143, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934653228822704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='385', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741968000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341800267, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341800267, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=435, endPage=442, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934741145624591, articleId=1322934740793303054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Effect of calumenin on metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer and prognosis of patients, columnId=1320442291748192970, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Monographic Reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the expression of calumenin (CALU) in gastric cancer and its effect on metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer, and analyze its relationship with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Methods‍

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression level of CALU in gastric cancer and its impact on patient prognosis. A total of 102 pairs of gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue samples were collected from 189 gastric cancer patients who underwent partial gastrectomy in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. The expression of CALU in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay, and the relationship of its expression with clinicopathological parameters was statistically analyzed. After gastric cancer cells with CALU knockdown and overexpression were constructed, and the efficiencies of knockdown and overexpression were evaluated by Western blotting as well as RT-qPCR. Transwell assay was applied to determine the effect of CALU on the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells.

Results‍

Bioinformation analysis found that CALU was significantly highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues (P<0.05), and its expression level was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of CALU was obviously highly in gastric cancer tissues than the paracancerous tissues (P<0.01), and its level was positively correlated with the depth of infiltration (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), and TNM stage (P<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that the clinical data of 102 patients showed that CALU expression was positively correlated with the TNM stage (P=0.021) and T stage (P<0.001) and N stage (P=0.028). CALU knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells (P<0.01), while over-expression obtained the opposite results.

Conclusion‍

CALU is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and promotes metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer and thus leads to poor prognosis in patients.

, authors=Zhixiang REN1, Jiajia LIU1, Zhongyi QIN2, Junjie WANG1, Yiming ZHENG1, Bin WANG2, Feng QIAN1, authorsList=Zhixiang REN, Jiajia LIU, Zhongyi QIN, Junjie WANG, Yiming ZHENG, Bin WANG, Feng QIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feng QIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934742768820250, articleId=1322934740793303054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=钙腔蛋白对胃癌迁移、侵袭及患者预后的影响, columnId=1322190423666315871, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=专题报道, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究钙腔蛋白(calumenin,CALU)在胃癌中的表达及其对胃癌迁移、侵袭的影响,并分析其与胃癌患者预后的关系。

方法

利用癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库分析CALU在胃癌中的表达水平及其对患者预后的影响。收集2018年1月至2022年12月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院普通外科进行胃部分切除术的189例胃癌患者的胃癌和癌旁组织样本102对。通过免疫组化实验检测CALU在胃癌和癌旁组织中的表达情况,并统计分析CALU表达与临床病理参数的关系。构建CALU敲低和过表达胃癌细胞株,通过Western blot以及RT-qPCR评估敲低及过表达效率。结合Transwell小室实验检测CALU对胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭能力的影响。

结果

公共数据库结果分析发现CALU在胃癌组织中显著高表达(P<0.05),在95%置信区间下,CALU的表达水平与患者预后呈负相关(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果发现相较于癌旁组织,CALU在胃癌组织中显著高表达(P<0.01),其表达水平与浸润深度(P<0.01)、淋巴结转移(P<0.01)、TNM分期(P<0.05)呈正相关,统计分析102例患者临床资料发现CALU的表达与TNM分期(P=0.021)、T分期(P<0.001)、N分期(P=0.028)显著相关。CALU敲低可以显著的抑制胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭能力(P<0.01),而过表达则获得相反的结果。

结论

CALU在胃癌组织中高表达并促进胃癌的迁移、侵袭,进而导致胃癌患者的不良预后。

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钱锋,E-mail:
QIAN Feng,E-mail:
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A:GSE150290数据集分析CALU在良、恶性上皮中的表达情况;B:TCGA数据集分析CALU在胃癌与癌旁组织中的表达水平 a:P<0.05,与癌旁组织比较;C:TCGA数据集分析CALU在胃癌不同分级的表达水平 a:P<0.05;b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=GDyZBnFVde9H22HstdWwng==, figureFileBig=aljEEfabRSjoB3TzmRM/jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934750737997902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UulHsUyR03FszPggL0Z+8A==, figureFileBig=VmFRvUcqzmk+eWFQYTsruw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934750813495375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=CN, label=图2, caption=数据库分析CALU的表达与患者预后的关系

A:TCGA数据集中胃癌患者CALU高、低表达组预后生存曲线;B:GSE62254数据集中胃癌患者CALU高、低表达组预后生存曲线;C:GSE15459数据集中胃癌患者CALU高、低表达组预后生存曲线

, figureFileSmall=UulHsUyR03FszPggL0Z+8A==, figureFileBig=VmFRvUcqzmk+eWFQYTsruw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934751178399824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=o/ODoQ5/cRxj3tyQV8p/Pg==, figureFileBig=r03lU0xlGIT3MC4zyGO9SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934751262285905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CALU在临床胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达情况

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=o/ODoQ5/cRxj3tyQV8p/Pg==, figureFileBig=r03lU0xlGIT3MC4zyGO9SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934751585247314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=utrPeA4cyPg7+TDbf/tvXw==, figureFileBig=bnx8uwwNqH/esMVD/dGh9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934753267163220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Western blot及RT-qPCR检测CALU敲低及过表达效率

A:Western blot及RT-qPCR检测XNYY-0422细胞中CALU蛋白和mRNA的相对表达量 1:对照组;2:敲低组1;3:敲低组2;a:P<0.05;B:Western blot及RT-qPCR检测SNU-719细胞中CALU蛋白和mRNA的相对表达量 b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=utrPeA4cyPg7+TDbf/tvXw==, figureFileBig=bnx8uwwNqH/esMVD/dGh9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934753384603733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ORuwTGD2zqTxdSpjIXPqtQ==, figureFileBig=DjhJlB55bhn2ROwRdfR4YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934753682399318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CALU对胃癌细胞迁移侵袭能力的影响

a:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=ORuwTGD2zqTxdSpjIXPqtQ==, figureFileBig=DjhJlB55bhn2ROwRdfR4YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934753778868311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标CALU低表达组
(n=38)
CALU高表达组
(n=64)
P
年龄/岁0.625
<651732
≥652132
性别0.678
男性3153
女性711
TNM分期0.021
Ⅰ1713
Ⅱ814
Ⅲ1330
Ⅳ07
T分期<0.001
T1+T22014
T3610
T41240
N分期0.028
N02019
N1616
N2610
N3619
肿瘤部位0.738
贲门、胃底511
胃体915
胃角(窦)2438
), ArticleFig(id=1322934753850171480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934740793303054, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CALU表达与胃癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系(例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标CALU低表达组
(n=38)
CALU高表达组
(n=64)
P
年龄/岁0.625
<651732
≥652132
性别0.678
男性3153
女性711
TNM分期0.021
Ⅰ1713
Ⅱ814
Ⅲ1330
Ⅳ07
T分期<0.001
T1+T22014
T3610
T41240
N分期0.028
N02019
N1616
N2610
N3619
肿瘤部位0.738
贲门、胃底511
胃体915
胃角(窦)2438
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钙腔蛋白对胃癌迁移、侵袭及患者预后的影响
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任志祥 1 , 刘佳佳 1 , 覃中毅 2 , 王俊杰 1 , 郑怡明 1 , 王斌 2 , 钱锋 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 专题报道 2025,47(5): 435-442
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陆军军医大学学报 |专题报道 2025 , 47 (5) : 435 -442
钙腔蛋白对胃癌迁移、侵袭及患者预后的影响
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任志祥1, 刘佳佳1, 覃中毅2, 王俊杰1, 郑怡明1, 王斌2, 钱锋1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院普通外科,重庆
  • 2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院),消化内科消化系统肿瘤精准防治重庆市重点实验室,重庆
通讯作者:
钱锋,E-mail:
QIAN Feng,E-mail:
Effect of calumenin on metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer and prognosis of patients
Zhixiang REN1, Jiajia LIU1, Zhongyi QIN2, Junjie WANG1, Yiming ZHENG1, Bin WANG2, Feng QIAN1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of General Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 2Department of Gastroenterology,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Malignancies,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202409151
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目的

探究钙腔蛋白(calumenin,CALU)在胃癌中的表达及其对胃癌迁移、侵袭的影响,并分析其与胃癌患者预后的关系。

方法

利用癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库分析CALU在胃癌中的表达水平及其对患者预后的影响。收集2018年1月至2022年12月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院普通外科进行胃部分切除术的189例胃癌患者的胃癌和癌旁组织样本102对。通过免疫组化实验检测CALU在胃癌和癌旁组织中的表达情况,并统计分析CALU表达与临床病理参数的关系。构建CALU敲低和过表达胃癌细胞株,通过Western blot以及RT-qPCR评估敲低及过表达效率。结合Transwell小室实验检测CALU对胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭能力的影响。

结果

公共数据库结果分析发现CALU在胃癌组织中显著高表达(P<0.05),在95%置信区间下,CALU的表达水平与患者预后呈负相关(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果发现相较于癌旁组织,CALU在胃癌组织中显著高表达(P<0.01),其表达水平与浸润深度(P<0.01)、淋巴结转移(P<0.01)、TNM分期(P<0.05)呈正相关,统计分析102例患者临床资料发现CALU的表达与TNM分期(P=0.021)、T分期(P<0.001)、N分期(P=0.028)显著相关。CALU敲低可以显著的抑制胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭能力(P<0.01),而过表达则获得相反的结果。

结论

CALU在胃癌组织中高表达并促进胃癌的迁移、侵袭,进而导致胃癌患者的不良预后。

钙腔蛋白  /  胃癌  /  侵袭  /  预后
Objective‍

To investigate the expression of calumenin (CALU) in gastric cancer and its effect on metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer, and analyze its relationship with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Methods‍

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression level of CALU in gastric cancer and its impact on patient prognosis. A total of 102 pairs of gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue samples were collected from 189 gastric cancer patients who underwent partial gastrectomy in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. The expression of CALU in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay, and the relationship of its expression with clinicopathological parameters was statistically analyzed. After gastric cancer cells with CALU knockdown and overexpression were constructed, and the efficiencies of knockdown and overexpression were evaluated by Western blotting as well as RT-qPCR. Transwell assay was applied to determine the effect of CALU on the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells.

Results‍

Bioinformation analysis found that CALU was significantly highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues (P<0.05), and its expression level was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of CALU was obviously highly in gastric cancer tissues than the paracancerous tissues (P<0.01), and its level was positively correlated with the depth of infiltration (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), and TNM stage (P<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that the clinical data of 102 patients showed that CALU expression was positively correlated with the TNM stage (P=0.021) and T stage (P<0.001) and N stage (P=0.028). CALU knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells (P<0.01), while over-expression obtained the opposite results.

Conclusion‍

CALU is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and promotes metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer and thus leads to poor prognosis in patients.

calumenin  /  gastric cancer  /  invasion  /  prognosis
任志祥, 刘佳佳, 覃中毅, 王俊杰, 郑怡明, 王斌, 钱锋. 钙腔蛋白对胃癌迁移、侵袭及患者预后的影响. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (5) : 435 -442 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202409151
Zhixiang REN, Jiajia LIU, Zhongyi QIN, Junjie WANG, Yiming ZHENG, Bin WANG, Feng QIAN. Effect of calumenin on metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer and prognosis of patients[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (5) : 435 -442 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202409151
胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)是我国最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,发病率排全国第5位,而病死率排第3位[1]。近年来,得益于国民医疗意识的显著提升以及医疗技术的持续进步,早期胃癌的诊断率显著提高,同时进展期胃癌的治疗方案不断优化,从而有效延长了胃癌患者的总体生存期,但因胃癌的高侵袭和转移特性,进展期胃癌患者其预后仍然较差[2]。因此,探索导致胃癌侵袭转移的分子靶点对缓解胃癌患者预后,延长生存期具有重要临床意义。
钙腔蛋白(calumenin,CALU)由calu基因编码,作为一种钙离子结合蛋白,多位于细胞中的内质网膜、高尔基体、肌浆网腔等部位,其正常生理功能主要是调节心肌、骨骼肌等细胞的钙稳态[3-4]。在心肌细胞中,CALU的表达可以减轻内质网应激来保护细胞免受凋亡[5]。然而,CALU在肿瘤恶性生物学行为中的调控作用具有一定的肿瘤种类特异性。有研究报道,可变式剪切形成的CALU异构体15(Calu-15)能上调转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)超家族中的生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor 15,GDF-15)的转录并促进丝状伪足的形成,进而促进肺癌细胞迁移[6]。此外,在肺癌中,CALU能促进肺癌细胞的侵袭转移,其表达水平与肿瘤的淋巴结转移及进展相关[7];同时,肺癌肿瘤相关成纤维细胞可通过高分泌CALU促进肺癌细胞的恶性增殖和迁移[8]。近年来,有研究发现上皮性肿瘤中同样存在CALU高表达,有研究报道,CALU在膀胱癌细胞中高表达,并导致膀胱癌患者的不良预后[9]。然而,CALU在消化道上皮肿瘤尤其是胃癌中的作用的相关研究报道甚少。因此,本研究拟深入探究CALU对胃癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响以及其与患者预后的关系,旨在为胃癌探究新的有效的治疗靶点提供理论依据。
利用在线数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)下载GSE150290数据集中的胃癌单细胞测序数据,分析CALU在良恶性上皮细胞中的表达差异。通过在线工具GEPIA 2(http://gepia2.cancer-pku.cn/)分析癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库中CALU在胃癌(n=408)和癌旁组织(n=211)中的表达差异。通过工具UALCAN(https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/)分析TCGA数据库中CALU在胃癌不同分级中的表达情况。利用Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://kmplot.com/analysis/)工具下载TCGA数据集中的371例、GSE62254数据集中的283例和GSE15459数据集中的197例胃癌患者病例随访资料,进一步分析CALU表达水平与患者总生存率之间的关系。通过Kaplan-Meier plotter 在线工具中分析TCGA、GSE62254、GSE15459数据集的最佳截断值(分别为4 662、367、305),将CALU相对表达量≥最佳截断值的患者定义为CALU高表达组,其余患者定义为CALU低表达组。
选取2018年1月至2022年12月就诊于陆军军医大学第一附属医院普通外科并经病理诊断确诊为胃癌的患者189例,经患者及家属同意后,收集其胃部分切除术后胃癌及癌旁组织样本。纳入标准:①经病理诊断确诊为胃癌;②病历资料完整;③术后组织样本完整。排除标准:①为其他部位转移瘤;②仅行胃镜活检诊断。筛选出病历资料、胃癌及癌旁组织样本均完整的102对,年龄中位数为65岁。本研究已经陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准[(A) KY2023005]。
本研究采用的主要试剂包括:CALU抗体(中国武汉三鹰生物技术公司,17804-1-AP),CALU过表达质粒(中国义翘神州公司),CALU敲低质粒(中国上海吉凯公司),CALU引物(中国鼎国生物技术公司),GAPDH引物(中国鼎国生物技术公司),PCR反转录试剂(日本 TAKARA公司),β-Tubulin抗体(中国武汉三鹰生物技术公司,HRP-66031),GAPDH抗体(中国武汉三鹰生物技术公司,HRP-60004),RPMI 1640(美国Gibco公司),10%FBS(中国武汉普诺赛生命科技公司),青-链霉素混合液(美国Gibco公司)。
胃癌细胞(XNYY-0422、SNU-719)均由陆军军医大学第一附属医院病理科实验室赠予。胃癌细胞用RPMI 1640培养,RPMI 1640中加入10%胎牛血清(FBS)以及1%青-链霉素混合液配制成完全培养基,置于5%CO2、37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养。
细胞分组:XNYY-0422胃癌细胞转染敲低慢病毒表达载体作为敲低组1、敲低组2,转染敲低空载体作为对照组;SNU-719胃癌细胞转染过表达慢病毒表达载体作为过表达组,转染过表达空载体作为对照组。
CALU敲低质粒的构建由吉凯公司完成,CALU过表达质粒的构建由义翘神州公司完成。后续进行质粒的转化和抽提实验,按照慢病毒包装体系完成慢病毒包装实验,病毒提纯获取后感染胃癌细胞,感染10~12 h后换液,48~72 h后荧光显微镜观察感染效果,再通过流式分选技术或加入适量嘌呤霉素筛选稳定感染细胞株,用于后续实验。
RNA提取试剂盒(上海飞捷生物技术公司)进行总RNA的提取,并测量记录总RNA浓度。配制反转录体系,在37 ℃ 15 min,85 ℃ 6 s,4 ℃降温条件下,获得cDNA,然后进行RT-qPCR扩增。最后以2-ΔΔCt 法计算基因的相对表达量并绘制柱状图。
收集胃癌细胞沉淀,加入RIPA裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,恒温4 ℃下离心30 min后收集上清,再通过BCA法测定蛋白浓度。10%的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离目的蛋白,再用湿转法转至PVDF膜上,5%的脱脂奶粉封闭1 h处理,PVDF膜放入一抗稀释溶液4 ℃冰箱孵育过夜,次日室温下孵育二抗溶液1 h,经ECL显影液显影后观察条带。
提前24 h将胃癌细胞换液为无血清培养基做饥饿处理。将细胞消化离心后,无血清培养基重悬细胞,自动细胞计数仪测量并记录细胞密度,吸取1×105个细胞加入无菌EP管内,补加无血清、无双抗RPMI 1640至总体积为200 μL,充分混匀后转移至Transwell小室的上室内,下室添加600 μL高血清完全培养基(30%血清),迁移实验上下室中间无特殊处理,侵袭实验上室内聚碳酸酯膜上铺基质胶,置于37 ℃恒温细胞培养箱内培养72 h后,用4%组织固定液固定25~30 min,结晶紫染液内染色30 min。棉签擦净上室底部细胞后,显微镜下观察计数并采图。
将胃癌石蜡组织切片置于65 ℃烘箱1 h,经过二甲苯、梯度乙醇脱蜡,EDTA抗原修复液修复150 s,于室温下冷却后置于阻断液中,37 ℃下阻断30 min,PBS及PBST润洗后,在组化笔圈出的组织上滴加即用型山羊血清于37 ℃下封闭30 min。去掉封闭液后,滴加CALU一抗稀释液[CALU(1∶100)]4 ℃过夜,次日复温润洗后滴加二抗稀释液37 ℃下作用30 min。DAB溶液显色,置于苏木素溶液中染核10 s,盐酸酒精分化1~2 s,依次经梯度乙醇、二甲苯脱水;晾干后中性树胶封片,奥林巴斯仪器扫片。由陆军军医大学第一附属医院2名病理专业副教授对切片的5个代表性区域进行评分。每个样品中CALU的最终得分由强度得分乘以分布得分得出(最终得分=强度得分×分布得分)。所得分数的中位数为8,并且将IHC评分<8的样本定义为CALU低表达组,IHC评分≥8的样本定义为CALU高表达组。
所有实验至少重复3次。数据库样本分析采用平台默认的统计学方法;统计学分析使用SPSS 25.0和 GraphPad Prism 9.0软件,符合正态分布的计量资料数据以x¯±s表示。2组间的比较采用独立样本t检验。Kaplan-Meier方法用于生存分析,并以对数秩检验比较生存率。使用风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI)评估CALU表达与总生存率之间的相关性。P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
分析GSE150290数据集中的胃癌单细胞测序数据发现,CALU在恶性上皮中显著表达(图1A),并通过在线工具GEPIA 2发现CALU在胃癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.05,图1B)。进一步通过UALCAN工具分析TCGA胃癌数据集证实胃癌不同分级中CALU表达量较癌旁显著增加(P<0.05,图1C)。
通过在线Kaplan-Meier网站分析TCGA、GSE62254、GSE15459数据库发现,CALU的高表达与患者生存期呈负相关。结果提示,CALU高表达组相较于低表达组,其胃癌患者的总生存率明显降低(P<0.05,图2)。提示CALU表达水平越高,患者预后越差。
通过IHC染色评估102例胃癌及癌旁组织切片中CALU的表达情况。结果发现,相较于配对的癌旁组织,CALU在胃癌组织中高表达(P<0.01,图3A、B)。此外,TNM分期越晚,CALU表达水平更高(P<0.05,图3C),相较于T1+T2组,T3+T4组的CALU表达水平升高更为显著(P<0.01,图3D),并且淋巴结转移组的CALU表达水平明显高于无淋巴结组(P<0.01,图3E)。该结果与上述公共数据库分析结论相一致,进一步证实CALU在胃癌组织中高表达,并且与患者肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期呈正相关。
进一步对102例胃癌患者的临床资料进行比较分析,结果发现,CALU的表达与TNM分期(P=0.021)、T分期(P<0.001)、N分期(P=0.028)呈正相关,而与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位无显著相关性(表1)。
本研究采用慢病毒感染的方式,选择胃癌细胞XNYY-0422作为CALU敲低细胞模型,胃癌细胞SNU-719作为CALU过表达细胞模型,通过Western blot以及RT-qPCR验证其感染效率,结果提示,敲低CALU后,其蛋白表达水平、mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05,图4A)明显降低,而过表达CALU后,其蛋白表达水平、mRNA相对表达量(P<0.01,图4B)明显增加。
成功构建CALU敲低和过表达胃癌细胞后,通过Transwell迁移和侵袭实验表明,敲低CALU可以显著抑制其迁移、侵袭能力(P<0.01,图5A、B)。而过表达CALU则是显著促进其迁移、侵袭能力(P<0.01,图5C、D)。以上结果表明:CALU是调控胃癌细胞迁移、侵袭的重要分子。
胃癌是一种具有高侵袭性、转移性的常见恶性肿瘤,该特性也是导致胃癌患者预后不良的重要因素。尽管目前胃癌早期筛查技术进步以及胃癌相关手术、放化疗以及靶向治疗等诊疗方法逐步完善[10-12],但胃癌患者的发病率与病死率仍高居不下,因此探索新的治疗靶点具有重要意义。
CALU是属于CREC家族的结合蛋白之一[13],该蛋白与某些肿瘤恶性生物学行为高度相关[14-15]。例如,CALU在肺癌细胞中高表达,并促进肺癌的增殖、侵袭及转移[16]。在胶质瘤中,CALU调控EMT导致胶质瘤患者的不良预后[17]。在结直肠癌的研究中,CALU在肿瘤中的表达显著高于其癌旁组织,并且在肿瘤的浸润前缘,其表达更为显著,这可能与癌症患者不良预后相关[18]。
本研究通过已发表的胃癌单细胞测序数据分析发现,CALU在恶性上皮中表达更为显著,通过Kaplan-Meier在线分析TCGA数据集以及GSE62254、GSE15459数据集,提示CALU表达与胃癌患者的预后呈负相关,与胃癌的分级程度呈正相关。再通过IHC实验对102例胃癌组织进行染色,提示CALU在胃癌组织中显著高表达,并且与胃癌的T分期、N分期、TNM分期呈正相关,这一结论与公共数据库结论一致。同时,对临床病理参数进行分析比较,发现CALU的表达与TNM、T分期、N分期显著相关,这一结论提示CALU的表达量增加可能作为评判胃癌进展的重要指标。为进一步探究CALU在胃癌中的作用,后续构建CALU敲低及过表达慢病毒载体感染胃癌细胞后,通过Transwell实验评估对胃癌细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响,结果发现,CALU在促进肿瘤的迁移侵袭具有重要作用,即CALU有促进肿瘤转移的潜质。有研究证实,MAPK信号通路与肿瘤转移高度相关[19-20]。同时,也有文献报道,在胃癌中,一种来源于MAPK1的环状RNA能编码一个长度为109个氨基酸的新蛋白质(MAPK1-109aa),该蛋白能竞争性结合丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1,减少MAPK1的磷酸化,抑制MAPK1及其下游因子在MAPK通路中的激活,从而抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭能力[21]。因此,猜测CALU可能通过调控MAPK效应分子,激活MAPK信号通路,进而促进胃癌的迁移侵袭。这一推断有助于本研究的下一步探索。
本研究仍存在局限性。首先,本研究涉及的数据集主要是TCGA数据库和GSE62254、GSE150290、GSE15459数据集,结合患者群体多样性的特点,可能导致选择偏倚。其次,本研究主要是体现为胃癌细胞的体外实验,体内实验未涉及,无法判断分子在生物体内的效果。后续将会设计动物实验模型完善体内实验,进一步探索在生物体内CALU对胃癌的调控作用。
综上所述,本研究验证了CALU在胃癌组织中高表达,其表达水平与TNM分期、T分期、N分期呈正相关,与患者预后呈负相关。敲低CALU能抑制胃癌细胞的迁移侵袭,过表达则促进其迁移侵袭。然而,CALU调控胃癌恶性进展的具体机制仍不清楚,需要进一步的研究来阐明其内在联系。

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2025年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202409151
  • 接收时间:2024-09-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30
  • 修回日期:2025-01-19
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院普通外科,重庆
    2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院),消化内科消化系统肿瘤精准防治重庆市重点实验室,重庆

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钱锋,E-mail:
QIAN Feng,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202409151
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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