Article(id=1322934738469663354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934685818564977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735660800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-01, revisedDate=1737129600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341820589, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341820589, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341820589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341820589, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934685818564977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='489', pageEnd='628', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341808037, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341808037, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=581, endPage=590, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934740109636220, articleId=1322934738469663354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Mutation types of CYP3A enzymes and sex differences in sufentanil metabolism, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To explore the sex differences in drug metabolism of sufentanil in Chinese patients based on the mutation classification of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes.

Methods‍

According to the possible effects of combined cytochrome P450 3A4 gene*1G locus (CYP3A4*1G) and cytochrome P450 3A5 gene*3 locus (CYP3A5*3) mutation groups on Chinese population, we added different weights to CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms and classified patients into 3 groups: Group Ⅰ, patients carried either the CYP3A4*1G/*1G allele or both CYP3A4*1/*1G allele and CYP3A5*3/*3 allele; Group Ⅱ, patients with both CYP3A4*1/*1G allele and CYP3A5*1/*3 allele; Group Ⅲ, patients with either the CYP3A4*1/*1 allele or both CYP3A4*1/*1G allele and CYP3A5*1/*1 allele. A single-dose, double-blind, stratified random sampling was performed, and 255 patients undergoing endoscopic surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University were finally subjected. According to the results of genetic testing, an independent statistician, before operation, randomly selected 30 patients from each stratified group to form a study cohort (male-female ratio of 1∶1) and named each group A, B or C. Clinical investigators and subjects kept double-blind to the results of grouping and genetic testing. After entering the operating room, the subjected 90 patients received a single dose of sufentanil followed by collection of blood samples at 10 time points including 2 min before and from 2 to 120 min after administration. After the surgery, we determined the plasma drug concentration, calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters, and compared the metabolic differences between different genders in each group and unblinded the study.

Results

The cohort best fitted the two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and groups A, B and C corresponded to group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. In different patient groups based on mutatron types of CYP3A enzymes the females had lower plasma drug concentration-time curves at each time point, higher systemic clearance (P≤0.01) and smaller area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (P<0.05) when compared with the males. In addition, in group Ⅰ, the elimination rate of central compartment and movement rate of drug from central compartment to peripheral compartment were obviously greater in the females than the males (P<0.05), while the distribution half-life (P<0.05) and elimination half-life (P<0.01) were notably longer in the males than the females. In both group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ, the males obtained larger total area under the plasma concentration-time curve than the females (P<0.05).

Conclusion

There are sex differences in the drug metabolism of sufentanil in Chinese patients. Women show faster distribution and higher clearance of sufentanil while men present greater drug exposure. Preoperative CYP3A genotyping and intraoperative personalized medication are of great significance to ensure the safety in clinical practice.

, authors=Ying JIANG1, Zhigang QIN1, 2, Liyuan FENG2, Guanlei LIU1, Jieyu LI1, Xianzhe LIU1, Yongshuai LI1, Yan CHEN1, Peng LI2, Jianteng GU1, authorsList=Ying JIANG, Zhigang QIN, Liyuan FENG, Guanlei LIU, Jieyu LI, Xianzhe LIU, Yongshuai LI, Yan CHEN, Peng LI, Jianteng GU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianteng GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934741242098303, articleId=1322934738469663354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=CYP3A酶突变类型与舒芬太尼代谢的性别差异研究, columnId=1322185541475488183, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于细胞色素P450 3A(cytochrome P450 3A,CYP3A)酶突变类型,探究舒芬太尼在中国患者体内药物代谢的性别差异。

方法

将中国人群细胞色素P450 3A4基因*1G位点(cytochrome P450 3A4 gene*1G locus,CYP3A4*1G)和细胞色素P450 3A5基因*3位点(cytochrome P450 3A5 gene*3 locus,CYP3A5*3)突变组合可能导致的影响程度赋予不同权重,依据CYP3A酶突变程度将患者分为3类:Ⅰ类人群,CYP3A4*1G/*1G基因型或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*3/*3基因型;Ⅱ类人群,CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*3基因型;Ⅲ类人群,CYP3A4*1/*1基因型或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*1基因型。研究采用单剂量、双盲、分层随机抽样设计,共纳入陆军军医大学第一附属医院255名腔镜手术患者,独立的统计学家根据术前基因检测结果将患者分类,采用分层随机抽样的方式从每类各抽取30人构成研究队列(每组男女比例1∶1),并随机命名各组为A、B或C组。临床研究人员和受试者对分组结果、基因检测结果双盲。90名患者入室后接受单剂量舒芬太尼诱导,于给药前2 min和给药后2~120 min内共10个时间点采集血样。术后测定血浆药物浓度,计算药代动力学参数,比较同一群体内不同性别患者的药物代谢差异并揭盲。

结果

队列符合二房室药代动力学模型,揭盲A、B、C组分别对应Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群。在不同CYP3A酶突变程度的患者群体内,女性各时间点的血药浓度-时间曲线均低于男性,女性的总清除率更高(P≤0.01),0~∞时的药时曲线下面积更小(P<0.05)。此外,Ⅰ类人群中女性的中央室消除速率和药物自中央室的分布速率较男性更大(P<0.05),男性的药物分布半衰期(P<0.05)和消除半衰期(P<0.01)更长。Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群中男性的药时曲线下总面积均大于女性(P<0.05)。

结论

舒芬太尼在中国患者体内的药物代谢具有性别差异,女性体内舒芬太尼分布与消除均快于男性,男性患者体内的药物暴露程度更高。术前CYP3A酶基因分型及术中个体化用药对于保障临床用药安全具有重要意义。

, authors=蒋颖1, 秦志刚1, 2, 冯力元2, 刘冠磊1, 黎洁钰1, 刘先哲1, 李勇帅1, 陈妍1, 李鹏2, 顾健腾1, authorsList=蒋颖, 秦志刚, 冯力元, 刘冠磊, 黎洁钰, 刘先哲, 李勇帅, 陈妍, 李鹏, 顾健腾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=顾健腾, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
顾健腾,E-mail:
GU Jianteng,E-mail:
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a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05

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分组突变程度得分基因型
Ⅰ类4~6CYP3A4*1G/*1G或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*3*3
Ⅱ类3CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*3
Ⅲ类0~2CYP3A4*1/*1或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1*1
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根据CYP3A4和CYP3A5突变基因数目对392名中国患者进行分类

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分组突变程度得分基因型
Ⅰ类4~6CYP3A4*1G/*1G或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*3*3
Ⅱ类3CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*3
Ⅲ类0~2CYP3A4*1/*1或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1*1
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分型CYP3A5*1/*1CYP3A5*1/*3CYP3A5*3/*3合计
合计7.1438.7754.09100
CYP3A4*1/*10.517.6548.9857.14
CYP3A4*1/*1G3.0629.084.8536.99
CYP3A4*1G/*1G3.572.040.265.87
), ArticleFig(id=1322934749123195592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934738469663354, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

392名中国患者CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因型分布频率(%)

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分型CYP3A5*1/*1CYP3A5*1/*3CYP3A5*3/*3合计
合计7.1438.7754.09100
CYP3A4*1/*10.517.6548.9857.14
CYP3A4*1/*1G3.0629.084.8536.99
CYP3A4*1G/*1G3.572.040.265.87
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项目男性(n=45)女性(n=45)zFP
年龄/岁52(45.5,54.5)51(46.5,55.5)-1.10.916
身高/cm160(156,165.3)156(151.5,158.3)-7.1<0.001
体质量/kg65(59.5,70.0)57(50.0,62.5)-4.1<0.001
BMI/(kg/m2)23.7±2.423.3±2.81.60.559
), ArticleFig(id=1322934749295162058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934738469663354, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同性别受试者一般情况比较 [n=90,x¯±s,M(P25,P75)]

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项目男性(n=45)女性(n=45)zFP
年龄/岁52(45.5,54.5)51(46.5,55.5)-1.10.916
身高/cm160(156,165.3)156(151.5,158.3)-7.1<0.001
体质量/kg65(59.5,70.0)57(50.0,62.5)-4.1<0.001
BMI/(kg/m2)23.7±2.423.3±2.81.60.559
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项目基因型等位基因
CYP3A4*1/*1CYP3A4*1/*1GCYP3A4*1G/*1G合计CYP3A4*1CYP3A4*1G合计
例数/例1299630255354156510
频率/%50.637.611.8100.069.430.6100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322934749458739916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934738469663354, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

CYP3A4基因型和等位基因频率分布

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项目基因型等位基因
CYP3A4*1/*1CYP3A4*1/*1GCYP3A4*1G/*1G合计CYP3A4*1CYP3A4*1G合计
例数/例1299630255354156510
频率/%50.637.611.8100.069.430.6100.0
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项目基因型等位基因
CYP3A5*1/*1CYP3A5*1/*3CYP3A5*3/*3合计CYP3A5*1CYP3A5*3合计
例数/例30111114255171339510
频率/%11.843.544.7100.033.566.5100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322934749647483598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934738469663354, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

CYP3A5基因型和等位基因频率分布

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项目基因型等位基因
CYP3A5*1/*1CYP3A5*1/*3CYP3A5*3/*3合计CYP3A5*1CYP3A5*3合计
例数/例30111114255171339510
频率/%11.843.544.7100.033.566.5100.0
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参数男性(n=14)女性(n=13)FAP
表观分布容积/(L/kg)
V10.32(0.28,0.43)0.30(0.23,0.39)-9.710.332
V20.91±0.200.90±0.303.7020.967
清除率/[L/(min·kg)]
Cl10.03(0.02,0.03)0.03(0.03,0.04)-2.5720.010
Cl20.06±0.020.06±0.020.8330.345
半衰期/min
t1/2α2.49±0.661.88±0.453.3060.011
t1/2β40.64±8.1031.22±6.490.5060.003
药时曲线下面积/(min·μg/L)
AUC0~t16.90±3.3114.43±2.980.2590.053
AUC0~∞21.64±4.5117.56±3.101.1780.012
消除速率常数/min
K100.09±0.040.13±0.040.0050.015
K120.16±0.050.21±0.050.2940.023
K210.06(0.05,0.07)0.07(0.06,0.08)0.3350.141
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Ⅰ类人群不同性别患者接受单剂量舒芬太尼诱导给药后的药代动力学参数比较 [x¯±s,M(P25,P75)]

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参数男性(n=14)女性(n=13)FAP
表观分布容积/(L/kg)
V10.32(0.28,0.43)0.30(0.23,0.39)-9.710.332
V20.91±0.200.90±0.303.7020.967
清除率/[L/(min·kg)]
Cl10.03(0.02,0.03)0.03(0.03,0.04)-2.5720.010
Cl20.06±0.020.06±0.020.8330.345
半衰期/min
t1/2α2.49±0.661.88±0.453.3060.011
t1/2β40.64±8.1031.22±6.490.5060.003
药时曲线下面积/(min·μg/L)
AUC0~t16.90±3.3114.43±2.980.2590.053
AUC0~∞21.64±4.5117.56±3.101.1780.012
消除速率常数/min
K100.09±0.040.13±0.040.0050.015
K120.16±0.050.21±0.050.2940.023
K210.06(0.05,0.07)0.07(0.06,0.08)0.3350.141
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参数男性
(n=14)
女性
(n=13)
FZP
表观分布容积/(L/kg)
V10.35±0.140.31±0.121.3880.479
V20.85±0.241.05±0.290.0790.064
清除率/[L/(min•kg)]
Cl10.03(0.03,0.03)0.04(0.03,0.04)-2.620.009
Cl20.05(0.05,0.07)0.05(0.05,0.08)-1.020.308
半衰期/min
t1/2α2.20±0.721.87±0.591.4730.208
t1/2β35.52±11.5435.92±8.421.5410.918
药时曲线下面积/(min•μg/L)
AUC0~t16.38(14.83,19.71)14.11(12.04,15.00)-3.150.002
AUC0~∞20.97(18.45,25.90)17.11(15.22,18.22)-3.200.001
消除速率常数/min
K100.09(0.06,0.17)0.11(0.10,0.14)-1.020.308
K120.15(0.15,0.26)0.20(0.17,0.26)-1.210.225
K210.07±0.020.06±0.010.3620.185
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Ⅱ类人群不同性别患者接受单剂量舒芬太尼诱导给药后的药代动力学参数比较 [x¯±s,M(P25,P75)]

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参数男性
(n=14)
女性
(n=13)
FZP
表观分布容积/(L/kg)
V10.35±0.140.31±0.121.3880.479
V20.85±0.241.05±0.290.0790.064
清除率/[L/(min•kg)]
Cl10.03(0.03,0.03)0.04(0.03,0.04)-2.620.009
Cl20.05(0.05,0.07)0.05(0.05,0.08)-1.020.308
半衰期/min
t1/2α2.20±0.721.87±0.591.4730.208
t1/2β35.52±11.5435.92±8.421.5410.918
药时曲线下面积/(min•μg/L)
AUC0~t16.38(14.83,19.71)14.11(12.04,15.00)-3.150.002
AUC0~∞20.97(18.45,25.90)17.11(15.22,18.22)-3.200.001
消除速率常数/min
K100.09(0.06,0.17)0.11(0.10,0.14)-1.020.308
K120.15(0.15,0.26)0.20(0.17,0.26)-1.210.225
K210.07±0.020.06±0.010.3620.185
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参数男性
(n=14)
女性
(n=14)
FZP
表观分布容积/(L/kg)
V10.34±0.100.42±0.235.0230.248
V21.11±0.341.16±0.360.0030.748
清除率/[L/(min·kg)]
Cl10.03±0.000.03±0.013.8260.010
Cl20.05±0.010.06±0.029.1470.589
半衰期/min
t1/2α2.46(2.24,2.78)2.30(1.98,3.07)-0.320.748
t1/2β49.19(42.15,57.44)40.09(34.47,54.66)-0.780.435
药时曲线下面积/(min·μg/L)
AUC0~t16.92±2.7814.23±3.651.0720.038
AUC0~∞22.55±5.0618.13±4.330.5960.020
消除速率常数/min
K100.08(0.07,0.10)0.09(0.07,0.11)-0.460.646
K120.17±0.040.16±0.063.2090.843
K210.05±0.02 0.05±0.020.3760.865
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Ⅲ类人群不同性别患者接受单剂量舒芬太尼诱导给药后的药代动力学参数比较 [x¯±s,M(P25,P75)]

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参数男性
(n=14)
女性
(n=14)
FZP
表观分布容积/(L/kg)
V10.34±0.100.42±0.235.0230.248
V21.11±0.341.16±0.360.0030.748
清除率/[L/(min·kg)]
Cl10.03±0.000.03±0.013.8260.010
Cl20.05±0.010.06±0.029.1470.589
半衰期/min
t1/2α2.46(2.24,2.78)2.30(1.98,3.07)-0.320.748
t1/2β49.19(42.15,57.44)40.09(34.47,54.66)-0.780.435
药时曲线下面积/(min·μg/L)
AUC0~t16.92±2.7814.23±3.651.0720.038
AUC0~∞22.55±5.0618.13±4.330.5960.020
消除速率常数/min
K100.08(0.07,0.10)0.09(0.07,0.11)-0.460.646
K120.17±0.040.16±0.063.2090.843
K210.05±0.02 0.05±0.020.3760.865
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CYP3A酶突变类型与舒芬太尼代谢的性别差异研究
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蒋颖 1 , 秦志刚 1, 2 , 冯力元 2 , 刘冠磊 1 , 黎洁钰 1 , 刘先哲 1 , 李勇帅 1 , 陈妍 1 , 李鹏 2 , 顾健腾 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学 2025,47(6): 581-590
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学 2025 , 47 (6) : 581 -590
CYP3A酶突变类型与舒芬太尼代谢的性别差异研究
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蒋颖1, 秦志刚1, 2, 冯力元2, 刘冠磊1, 黎洁钰1, 刘先哲1, 李勇帅1, 陈妍1, 李鹏2, 顾健腾1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):第一附属医院麻醉科
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):药学与检验医学系生药学与中药学教研室,重庆
通讯作者:
顾健腾,E-mail:
GU Jianteng,E-mail:
Mutation types of CYP3A enzymes and sex differences in sufentanil metabolism
Ying JIANG1, Zhigang QIN1, 2, Liyuan FENG2, Guanlei LIU1, Jieyu LI1, Xianzhe LIU1, Yongshuai LI1, Yan CHEN1, Peng LI2, Jianteng GU1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology,First Affiliated Hospital
  • 2Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501002
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目的

基于细胞色素P450 3A(cytochrome P450 3A,CYP3A)酶突变类型,探究舒芬太尼在中国患者体内药物代谢的性别差异。

方法

将中国人群细胞色素P450 3A4基因*1G位点(cytochrome P450 3A4 gene*1G locus,CYP3A4*1G)和细胞色素P450 3A5基因*3位点(cytochrome P450 3A5 gene*3 locus,CYP3A5*3)突变组合可能导致的影响程度赋予不同权重,依据CYP3A酶突变程度将患者分为3类:Ⅰ类人群,CYP3A4*1G/*1G基因型或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*3/*3基因型;Ⅱ类人群,CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*3基因型;Ⅲ类人群,CYP3A4*1/*1基因型或CYP3A4*1/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*1基因型。研究采用单剂量、双盲、分层随机抽样设计,共纳入陆军军医大学第一附属医院255名腔镜手术患者,独立的统计学家根据术前基因检测结果将患者分类,采用分层随机抽样的方式从每类各抽取30人构成研究队列(每组男女比例1∶1),并随机命名各组为A、B或C组。临床研究人员和受试者对分组结果、基因检测结果双盲。90名患者入室后接受单剂量舒芬太尼诱导,于给药前2 min和给药后2~120 min内共10个时间点采集血样。术后测定血浆药物浓度,计算药代动力学参数,比较同一群体内不同性别患者的药物代谢差异并揭盲。

结果

队列符合二房室药代动力学模型,揭盲A、B、C组分别对应Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群。在不同CYP3A酶突变程度的患者群体内,女性各时间点的血药浓度-时间曲线均低于男性,女性的总清除率更高(P≤0.01),0~∞时的药时曲线下面积更小(P<0.05)。此外,Ⅰ类人群中女性的中央室消除速率和药物自中央室的分布速率较男性更大(P<0.05),男性的药物分布半衰期(P<0.05)和消除半衰期(P<0.01)更长。Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群中男性的药时曲线下总面积均大于女性(P<0.05)。

结论

舒芬太尼在中国患者体内的药物代谢具有性别差异,女性体内舒芬太尼分布与消除均快于男性,男性患者体内的药物暴露程度更高。术前CYP3A酶基因分型及术中个体化用药对于保障临床用药安全具有重要意义。

性别差异  /  CYP3A  /  舒芬太尼  /  药物代谢  /  基因突变
Objective‍

To explore the sex differences in drug metabolism of sufentanil in Chinese patients based on the mutation classification of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes.

Methods‍

According to the possible effects of combined cytochrome P450 3A4 gene*1G locus (CYP3A4*1G) and cytochrome P450 3A5 gene*3 locus (CYP3A5*3) mutation groups on Chinese population, we added different weights to CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms and classified patients into 3 groups: Group Ⅰ, patients carried either the CYP3A4*1G/*1G allele or both CYP3A4*1/*1G allele and CYP3A5*3/*3 allele; Group Ⅱ, patients with both CYP3A4*1/*1G allele and CYP3A5*1/*3 allele; Group Ⅲ, patients with either the CYP3A4*1/*1 allele or both CYP3A4*1/*1G allele and CYP3A5*1/*1 allele. A single-dose, double-blind, stratified random sampling was performed, and 255 patients undergoing endoscopic surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University were finally subjected. According to the results of genetic testing, an independent statistician, before operation, randomly selected 30 patients from each stratified group to form a study cohort (male-female ratio of 1∶1) and named each group A, B or C. Clinical investigators and subjects kept double-blind to the results of grouping and genetic testing. After entering the operating room, the subjected 90 patients received a single dose of sufentanil followed by collection of blood samples at 10 time points including 2 min before and from 2 to 120 min after administration. After the surgery, we determined the plasma drug concentration, calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters, and compared the metabolic differences between different genders in each group and unblinded the study.

Results

The cohort best fitted the two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and groups A, B and C corresponded to group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. In different patient groups based on mutatron types of CYP3A enzymes the females had lower plasma drug concentration-time curves at each time point, higher systemic clearance (P≤0.01) and smaller area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (P<0.05) when compared with the males. In addition, in group Ⅰ, the elimination rate of central compartment and movement rate of drug from central compartment to peripheral compartment were obviously greater in the females than the males (P<0.05), while the distribution half-life (P<0.05) and elimination half-life (P<0.01) were notably longer in the males than the females. In both group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ, the males obtained larger total area under the plasma concentration-time curve than the females (P<0.05).

Conclusion

There are sex differences in the drug metabolism of sufentanil in Chinese patients. Women show faster distribution and higher clearance of sufentanil while men present greater drug exposure. Preoperative CYP3A genotyping and intraoperative personalized medication are of great significance to ensure the safety in clinical practice.

sex differences  /  CYP3A  /  sufentanil  /  drug metabolism  /  mutation
蒋颖, 秦志刚, 冯力元, 刘冠磊, 黎洁钰, 刘先哲, 李勇帅, 陈妍, 李鹏, 顾健腾. CYP3A酶突变类型与舒芬太尼代谢的性别差异研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (6) : 581 -590 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501002
Ying JIANG, Zhigang QIN, Liyuan FENG, Guanlei LIU, Jieyu LI, Xianzhe LIU, Yongshuai LI, Yan CHEN, Peng LI, Jianteng GU. Mutation types of CYP3A enzymes and sex differences in sufentanil metabolism[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (6) : 581 -590 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501002
舒芬太尼作为芬太尼衍生物,是目前临床麻醉最常用的镇痛药之一。个性化麻醉与镇痛是当前精准麻醉医疗发展的重要组成部分,然而目前舒芬太尼临床所使用剂量主要依据体质量测算,缺乏个性化决策指标,其主要原因在于舒芬太尼体内代谢环节影响因素众多,导致个体异质性显著,不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)广泛发生,例如呕吐、呼吸抑制、痛觉过敏及药物耐受,甚至死亡[1-3]。
性别是人体内药理反应的重要影响因素[4]。男性和女性在生理方面的差异及对药物代谢的潜在影响,近年来受到越来越多的关注,并逐渐定位于基因等分子水平[5-6]。研究表明,对于大多数美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准的药物,不同性别之间具有的代谢水平差异与ADRs的性别差异密切相关,并且该差异不能依靠男女间的体质量差异来解释[7]。舒芬太尼在体内由细胞色素P450 3A (cytochrome P450 3A,CYP3A) 酶家族代谢[8],多种由CYP3A酶代谢的药物被报道存在性别差异[9-10],因此本研究推测性别因素可能与舒芬太尼的广泛个体代谢异质性有关,目前这一作用仍不明确。然而,CYP3A酶基因在人体内具有高度遗传变异性,在亚洲人群中,细胞色素P450 3A4基因*1G位点(cytochrome P450 3A4 gene*1G locus,CYP3A4*1G)和细胞色素P450 3A5基因*3位点(cytochrome P450 3A5 gene*3 locus,CYP3A5*3)是CYP3A酶最常见的单核苷酸多态性,突变频率分别高达23.81%[11]和72.86%[9],基因多态性可对CYP3A酶家族活性产生影响[12],已被证实与多种药物的体内代谢差异性相关[13-15]。既往研究表明,舒芬太尼在体内由CYP3A4代谢[16-17],CYP3A4*1G等位基因与药物消耗量个体差异显著相关[18-19],而CYP3A5酶在不同CYP3A5基因型间的活性差异虽鲜有报道,但最新研究表明CYP3A5*3和CYP3A4*1基因具有高度连锁不平衡[20],携带CYP3A4*1G等位基因的患者,CYP3A5*3突变基因携带者较CYP3A5基因野生型患者芬太尼消耗量减低[21]。然而,关于中国人群中的CYP3A4和CYP3A5的基因多态性分布研究甚少,性别因素对舒芬太尼药代动力学的影响仍缺乏相关共识,基于单一性别因素的简单药代数据不能成为判断性别差异对CYP底物代谢影响的准确依据。
因此,本研究将基于药物基因组学和药代动力学理论,针对相同CYP3A酶突变程度的中国患者,探索不同性别对舒芬太尼血药浓度及分布变化的影响,为临床上实现舒芬太尼围术期精准麻醉用药提供决策依据。
枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液(规格:1 mL:50 μg,批准文号:国药准字H20054171)由宜昌人福药业有限公司生产;口腔拭子、唾液保存液,唾液脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)提取试剂盒、人类CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因多态性检测试剂盒均由浙江鼎创医疗科技有限公司生产。
TL988实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增仪,西安天隆科技有限公司产品;Auto-pure 20A核酸提取仪,杭州奥盛仪器有限公司产品;Legend RT+EASY离心机,美国赛默飞世尔科技公司产品;Triple Quad™ 6500+液相质谱仪,美国AB SCIEX公司产品;LC-30AD色谱仪,日本岛津公司产品;Agilent Eclipse Plus C18分析柱:4.6 mm×50.0 mm,3.5 μm,美国Agilent公司产品。
本试验经陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(伦理审批编号:KY2020124),所有受试者签署知情同意书,并于2020年8月28日在中国临床试验注册中心网站注册(注册号:ChiCTR2000037436)。本研究于2020年11月至2021年9月招募陆军军医大学第一附属医院在全身麻醉下行腔镜手术的中国患者,并根据术前无创基因检测结果分层随机抽样选入90名患者参与整个临床试验。
纳入标准:①年龄18~59岁;②美国麻醉医师协会(America Society of Anesthesiologist,ASA)分级为Ⅰ~Ⅲ级;肝功能Child-Pugh分级为A级;③体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)18~28 kg/m²;④拟全麻下采用腹腔镜行胃肠、泌尿系手术,或采用胸腔镜行食管、肺脏手术以及神经外科手术,且麻醉手术时长预计>120 min;⑤对研究方案具有良好依从性。
排除标准:①术前合并严重心肺血管疾病、糖尿病或严重肝肾功能障碍;②术前慢性疼痛病史、精神病史;③术前低血容量症或低血压;④芬太尼类药物过敏史及药物滥用史;⑤酗酒、吸毒或者长期使用止痛药;⑥孕妇、哺乳期妇女;⑦术前1周内服用过可抑制或诱导CYP3A酶表达的药物或食物;⑧术前2周内用过单胺氧化酶抑制剂。
本研究方案采用单剂量、双盲、分层随机抽样试验设计。基于以上背景,我们依据现有报道的关于CYP3A酶家族对舒芬太尼药物代谢的参与贡献大小以及位点突变潜在的影响程度,将CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A5*3等位基因突变各赋予不同分值:CYP3A4*1G计2分,CYP3A5*3计1分,无突变基因计0分。按照此种逻辑,将中国受试者依据突变基因数目分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ共3类人群,见表1。前期预试验随机对392名患者CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A5*3等位基因分布频率进行检测,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群所占群体比例分别约为10%、30%、60%,结果见表2。本次试验,一位独立的统计学家从实验室得到参与研究的255名中国受试者基因检测结果,并按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群对受试者分类,随后采用随机信封的方法,从Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类受试者群体分别按照1/1,1/3,1/6的概率以及各组男女1∶1的比例抽选各30人入组,每组达30人后停止入组,随机命名各组为A组、B组或C组。临床研究人员以及受试者对基因检测结果、分组结果以及各组对应人群双盲。待临床数据收集完成,对A、B、C组人群进行药物代谢相关指标分析完成后,对各组对应人群、所有受试者基因分型结果及分组结果进行揭盲。
在术前访视阶段,对255名中国患者分别使用口腔拭子采集2份样本,用于CytoTech CYP3A检测试剂盒快速检测及备份。
分层随机抽样入组的90名受试者,术前禁食禁饮,术中接受统一的麻醉诱导与麻醉维持方案。患者入室后,建立外周静脉通路,于1%利多卡因局麻下行桡动脉穿刺置管、深静脉穿刺置管术,监测生命体征、连续有创动脉血压、中心静脉压、脑电双频谱指数(bispectral index,BIS)及呼气末CO2浓度(end-tidal carbon dioxide,EtCO2)。患者接受枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液0.5 μg/kg+咪达唑仑注射液0.05 mg/kg+依托咪酯0.2 mg/kg+顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg麻醉诱导,气管插管后接呼吸机辅助通气。术中麻醉维持用药为1%七氟烷吸入+丙泊酚靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)2~3 μg/(mL·kg)+瑞芬太尼TCI 1~3 ng/(mL·kg)+顺式阿曲库铵0.30~0.45 mg/(kg·h),术中维持血压波动不超过基线值20%,麻醉深度维持BIS值45~55。
分别于给药前5 min及给药后2、5、10、20、30、45、60、90、120 min共10个采血点各采集患者外周静脉血约3 mL,置于含EDTA抗凝剂的采血管中,在4 ℃以下以875 ×g离心10 min,提取各个时间点的上清液以-80 ℃超低温冰箱储存,以专业生物医药冷链物流送至苏州方达生物技术有限公司进行血浆药物浓度检测。
按照口腔拭子提取试剂盒的使用说明,从患者口腔拭子提取基因组DNA。根据PCR-荧光探针法,运用基因多态性检测试剂盒类对人类CYP3A4*1G、CYP3A5*3 2个多态性位点分别进行检测。以基因组DNA为模板扩增目标基因片段,加入上下游引物及2×TaqMan qPCR Master Mix,PCR反应体系为10 μL(CYP3A4*1G上游引物序列:5'-CAGAGCCTTCCTAC-ATAGAG-3',下游引物序列:5'-GGCCCAATCAATTA-TCTTTA-3';CYP3A5*3上游引物序列:5'-AGAGTG-GCATAGGAGATACC-3',下游引物序列:5'-GTGTGA-CACACAGCAAGAGT-3'),于实时PCR扩增仪进行反应,扩增条件:50 ℃除污染3 min,95 ℃变性5 min,95 ℃变性15 s,60 ℃退火40 s、60 ℃延伸40 s,40个循环。反应时仪器实时采集记录荧光探针经酶切后释放的荧光信号强度,反应结束后通过综合分析各检测通道到达阈值的循环数(Ct值)进行基因型判定。
对于术中各时间点采集的新鲜血样,首先在4 ℃下以875 ×g离心10 min,取红细胞沉淀加入细胞裂解液于室温下裂解10~15 min,吸弃上清液,留取沉淀物于4 ℃下以14 014×g离心5 min,重复以上动作直至红细胞裂解完全,最终提取基因组DNA,采用Sanger测序法对CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A5*3位点进行检测,以Sanger基因测序结果作为CYP3A酶基因分型的金标准及复核第一次无创基因检测准确性。
用GraphPad Prism 10.0软件绘制药物浓度-时间曲线图。对受试者2 h内采集的血浆药物浓度,使用Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1软件(Certara Inc.,WinNonlin version 8.1,Princeton,New Jersey,USA)拟合患者最佳房室模型,计算药代动力学(pharmacokinettcs,PK)参数。运用SPSS 27.0软件(IBM corp.,Armonk,NY,USA)进行数据分析。正态计量资料以x¯±s表示,非正态计量资料以M(P25,P75)表示。对CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因型和等位基因分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡分别进行χ2检验。对相同CYP3A酶突变程度分组的不同性别群体符合正态分布的PK参数进行独立样本t检验,不符合正态分布的PK参数进行Mann-Whitney U检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
本研究共招募了于2020年11月至2021年9月于陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院全身麻醉下行腔镜手术的中国患者255名,并在术前访视中对所有招募者进行了第一次基因检测。统计学家将90名患者分层随机抽样入组,完成了术中血液样本采集和第二次基因检测,其中男性受试者45名,女性受试者45名,所有患者平均年龄52(47,55)岁,身高(160.55±7.37)cm,体质量指数23.70(21.60,25.65)kg/m2。Sanger基因检测结果与CYP试剂盒检测结果100%一致。术后揭盲,A组、B组、C组分别对应为Ⅰ类人群、Ⅱ类人群、Ⅲ类人群。不同性别群体的年龄、BMI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),男性的身高、体质量数值较女性更高(P<0.001),见表3。其中8名患者因在部分采样时间点检测到污染血液样本,因此不纳入最后的药代分析,1名患者因手术时长不足2 h,仅采集到8个时间点的血液样本。最终对来自42名男性、40名女性的共818份血液样本进行药物代谢动力学分析。术中所有患者均无不良事件发生。
在255例中国患者中,总等位基因数=总人数×2,计算突变基因频率=(杂合突变基因频数+纯合突变基因频数×2)/总等位基因数。其中129例患者基因型为CYP3A4*1/*1,96例为CYP3A4*1/*1G,30例为CYP3A4*1G/*1G,计算得CYP3A4*1G的突变频率为(96+30×2)/510=30.6%,见表4;30例患者基因型为CYP3A5*1/*1,111例CYP3A5*1/*3,114例CYP3A5*3/*3,计算得CYP3A5*3的突变频率为(111+114×2)/510=66.5%,见表5。采用Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律对CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A5*3等位基因频率分别进行检验,基因多态性分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡P>0.05,表明本研究人群具有群体代表性。
3类不同CYP3A酶突变程度得分的受试者在接受单剂量舒芬太尼诱导给药后,进行了血浆药物浓度检测,并分组绘制不同性别患者的平均血浆药物浓度-时间曲线,见图1。各组人群中,女性患者各时间点的血药浓度均值曲线较男性患者更低。其中,Ⅱ类人群的女性在给药后的5 min(P<0.01)、30 min(P<0.05)血药浓度显著低于男性,Ⅲ类人群中男性的血浆药物浓度峰值(the peak plasma drug concentration,Cmax)较女性更高(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义,见图1。
对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类人群内不同性别患者接受单剂量舒芬太尼0.5 μg/kg诱导后的药物代谢差异进行比较。其中,药物总清除率(systemic clearance,Cl1)、0~∞时的药时曲线下面积(area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity,AUC0~∞)在3类不同CYP3A基因突变人群内均具有性别差异(P<0.05,表6~8),中央室分布容积(the volume of central compartment,V1)、周边室分布容积(the volume of equilibrating compartment,V2)、药物自周边室至中央室的转运速率(movement rate of drug from peripheral compartment to central compartment,K21)、周边室清除率(elimination clearance of peripheral compartment,Cl2)均无性别差异(P>0.05)。此外,Ⅰ类人群的药物分布半衰期(distribution half-life ,t1/2α)、消除半衰期(elimination half-life,t1/2β)、中央室消除速率(elimination rate of central compartment,K10)、药物自中央室到至周边室的分布速率(movement rate of drug from central compartment to peripheral compartment,K12)在男女性别间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05,表6);Ⅱ类人群的药时曲线下总面积(total area under the plasma concentration-time curve,AUC0~t)在男女性别间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01,表7);Ⅲ类人群的AUC0~t在男女性别间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,表8)。
舒芬太尼是一种强效芬太尼类衍生物,广泛应用于外科手术围术期镇痛,其代谢主要依赖肝脏中CYP3A酶家族介导的N-脱烷基化途径。多项研究已证实CYP酶基因多态性在中国人的多种药物代谢中发挥重要作用,其中CYP3A4*1G突变基因与芬太尼药物代谢差异显著相关[22-23]。最新研究表明,CYP酶活性在体内试验与体外肝组织样本中均检测到性别差异[9]。临床研究显示,在相同药物剂量下,CYP3A底物的重要药代动力学特征存在显著性别差异[24]。因此,想要相对独立地探究性别对舒芬太尼给药后体内分布及代谢的影响,就需要对CYP3A酶家族突变的混杂因素进行排除。基于以上背景,本研究创新地依据CYP3A酶家族基因多态性对中国人群分层,独立探讨性别因素对舒芬太尼药物代谢的影响。
CYP3A亚家族是人肝脏中最主要的CYP酶,其中CYP3A4和CYP3A5是舒芬太尼代谢最重要的同工酶,二者的基因高度突变性被广泛报道[25]。本研究创新性地采用了无创基因检测试剂盒,对255名中国患者CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A5*3基因位点进行检测,该检测结果得到第二次基因检测(Sanger基因测序法)证实,与CYP试剂盒检测结果100%一致。本研究统计并描述了中国人群CYP3A4和CYP3A5存在基因多态性分布的特点,CYP3A4*1G的基因突变频率为30.6%,CYP3A5*3的基因突变频率为66.5%,这与既往文献关于中国人的报道基本一致[26-27]。本研究所使用的人类CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因多态性检测试剂盒对突变位点进行无创快速检测的技术,增加了临床对CYP3A酶基因检测运用的便利与可操作性。
结果表明,在单剂量给药后,各相同CYP3A酶基因突变评分的患者群体内,女性的Cl1均大于男性,AUC0~∞均小于男性,表明女性对舒芬太尼的药物清除能力强于男性,男性在体内药物暴露量大于女性,这一结论与既往关于女性较男性表达更高活性的CYP3A4信使RNA(mRNA)的研究报道一致[28]。其中,在Ⅰ类人群中,舒芬太尼的t1/2α(P<0.05)、t1/2β(P<0.01)均显著小于男性,这表明对于携带较高CYP3A4和CYP3A5酶突变基因权重,即携带CYP3A4*1G/*1G基因型或者同时携带CYP3A4*1G等位基因与CYP3A5*3/*3基因型的患者,女性体内舒芬太尼的分布及消除速率均快于男性,提示性别对于CYP3A酶底物在体内的组织分布及代谢具有重要作用。在Ⅲ类人群中,男性的Cmax、AUC0~t、AUC0~∞均大于女性,这表明对于携带较低CYP3A4和CYP3A5酶突变基因权重,即不携带CYP3A4*1G等基因或者仅CYP3A4*1/*1G杂合突变的患者,在各个时间点的男性体内舒芬太尼暴露量均高于女性,推测该基因分型的男性患者相较女性发生药效延长、ADRs的风险性增加,建议根据不同性别针对性调整该群体舒芬太尼的用药剂量。此外,本研究对Ⅱ类人群,即携带相同CYP3A4*1G/*1G+CYP3A5*1/*3双杂合突变基因型的患者,分析体内舒芬太尼代谢的性别差异,避免了不同突变位点的混杂因素干扰,进一步证实了性别因素对于药物清除率个体差异的作用[29]。舒芬太尼血浆药物浓度-时间曲线显示,在Ⅱ类人群中,女性在给药后的2~60 min内血药浓度显著下降,其中在5 min(P<0.01)、30 min(P<0.05)明显低于男性,表明短时间内给药后女性对舒芬太尼的清除能力显著优于男性,可以推测,性别通过影响CYP3A酶活性影响中国患者体内的药物分布及代谢,进而导致舒芬太尼的个体需求量差异[30]。
多种CYP3A底物在不同性别之间显示出药物清除率的差异性,然而对于性别因素对CYP3A酶活性的作用机制仍缺乏共识。对人体内肝脏中CYP3A酶的表达水平进行分析,可以观察到女性体内的平均CYP3A4、CYP3A5蛋白水平均高于男性。既往关于利福平性别差异的研究表明,CYP3A酶活性在肝脏与肠道中存在性别差异,女性在肝脏中的CYP3A酶活性增强,男性在肠道中的CYP3A酶活性增强[31],这与舒芬太尼在体内主要经肝脏代谢的特点一致。此外,体内调节CYP3A4表达的内源性激素为生长激素,女性以连续性分泌为特点,男性以脉冲式分泌为特点,提示性别对CYP3A酶活性的影响可能与内源性激素水平差异也有关联。
本研究为单剂量给药方案,避免了多次输注给药后血浆药物浓度上升、代谢酶数量相对不足等混杂因素干扰。然而,本研究也存在不足之处。首先,该研究依据中国患者的CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因型分布特点进行受试者分类,并探索CYP3A4与CYP3A5双基因联合作用对体内舒芬太尼药物代谢的影响,但未对单个基因的作用进行分析,对此,将在后续实验中补充。其次,尽管本研究观察到舒芬太尼存在性别代谢差异,但未能对差异进行定量化,建议监测舒芬太尼血浆代谢物水平进行更详细的分析。最后,本研究只检测了细胞色素氧化酶最主要的亚家族CYP3A,对于其他同源酶如CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1等未进行检测,本研究结果并不能排除以上酶系突变形式的影响[32]。
综上所述,女性体内的舒芬太尼代谢能力优于男性,男性患者体内的药物暴露程度更高,该差异在不同CYP3A酶基因分型下均显著,证实了性别差异对舒芬太尼药物代谢个体异质性的重要作用。女性患者表现出更高的CYP3A酶活性,意味着男性患者在使用舒芬太尼时,出现药物相关不良反应的风险在理论上有所增加,或者在相同剂量下,药物作用时间可能更长。因此,临床上运用舒芬太尼对中国人群进行围术期镇痛时,建议术前CYP3A酶基因分型,对不同性别患者个体化用药,这对于实施精准化麻醉、减少患者围术期药物不良反应的发生具有重要意义。

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2025年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501002
  • 接收时间:2025-01-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01
  • 修回日期:2025-01-18
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):第一附属医院麻醉科
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):药学与检验医学系生药学与中药学教研室,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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