Article(id=1322934577114788581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934544927687233, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408075, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=1727107200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341782119, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341782119, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341782119, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341782119, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934544927687233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='193', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739548800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341774446, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341774446, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=262, endPage=274, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934577328698087, articleId=1322934577114788581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Bergapten alleviates senescence of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis, columnId=1322210908391194739, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Pharmacy, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

‍To investigate the role and mechanism of bergapten in treating osteoarthritis (OA) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments.

Methods‍

‍The functional targets of bergapten and the related targets of OA disease were obtained by searching Super-Pred, Swiss Target Prediction, Drug Bank. The obtained targets were intersected with Venny2.1.0, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using the STRING database, and molecular docking was conducted by AutoDock Vina. Subsequently, human chondrocyte C28/I2 cells were subjected in the following validation experiments. After the cells were treated with 0~50 μmol/L bergapten for 24, 48 or 72 h, CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis, and the expression of the molecules related to proliferation, inflammation and senescence (senescence associated secretory phenotype, SASP). Senescence β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining kit was employed to detect the change of SA-β-Gal level in the cells.

Results‍

There obtained 145 potential targets of bergapten for OA. PPI analysis revealed 4 potential core targets, HSP90AA1, EGFR, HIF1A, and PIK3CA, and they could form relatively stable complex with bergapten. CCK-8 assay showed that 10 μmol/L bergapten treatment for 48 h resulted in the highest proliferative activity of C28/I2 cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting indicated that bergapten treatment induced significant increases in the expression of cell proliferation markers such as PCNA, CCND1 and CCNE1 (P<0.05), while decreases in the expression of apoptosis markers Caspase3 and BAX (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression levels of IL-1β-induced inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced, while those of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 were elevated after bergapten treatment (P<0.05). The levels of SASP factors, such as P16, P21, MMP9 and MMP13 were also significantly declined (P<0.05). SA-β-Gal staining displayed that the level of SA-β-Gal in C28/I2 cells was significantly enhanced after IL-1β induction (P<0.05), while bergapten treatment could decrease the positive cell rate of the staining (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

Bergapten can reduce the expression of SASP factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, P16, P21, MMP9 and MMP13 in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, and thus exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects in delaying the progression of OA.

, authors=Yuanlan YE, Kaiwen LIU, Yiming PAN, Fengjin GUO, authorsList=Yuanlan YE, Kaiwen LIU, Yiming PAN, Fengjin GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fengjin GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934581132931846, articleId=1322934577114788581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=佛手柑内酯延缓骨关节炎软骨细胞衰老, columnId=1322210908563161205, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=药学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于网络药理学、分子对接技术并结合体外实验探讨佛手柑内酯(Bergapten)治疗骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的作用与机制。

方法

检索Super-Pred、Swiss Target Prediction、Drug Bank等相关数据库获取佛手柑内酯的功能靶点和OA疾病相关作用靶点,将靶点通过Venny 2.1.0进行交集,利用STRING数据库进行蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)分析,利用AutoDock Vina软件进行分子对接。在C28/I2细胞中进行体外验证实验,CCK-8检测佛手柑内酯对C28/I2细胞增殖活性的影响,RT-qPCR和细胞免疫荧光检测增殖凋亡、炎症和衰老相关分泌表型(senescence associated secretory phenotype,SASP)因子的表达情况。使用细胞衰老β-半乳糖苷酶(senescence-associated β-galactosidase,SA-β-Gal)染色试剂盒检测SA-β-Gal水平的变化。

结果

筛选得到145个佛手柑内酯治疗OA的潜在作用靶点。PPI分析发现HSP90AA1、EGFR、HIF1A、PIK3CA 4个潜在核心靶点,且分子对接可形成较稳定的复合物。CCK-8发现,10 μmol/L佛手柑内酯处理48 h,C28/I2细胞的存活率最高(P<0.05)。细胞免疫荧光、RT-qPCR和Western Blot实验显示,佛手柑内酯处理后,细胞增殖标志物PCNA、CCND1和CCNE1的表达增加(P<0.05),而凋亡指标Caspase3和BAX的表达降低(P<0.05)。同时,佛手柑内酯处理后,IL-1β诱导的炎性因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达降低,而抗炎因子IL-4和IL-10的表达增加(P<0.05)。SASP因子P16、P21、MMP9和MMP13的表达也显著减少(P<0.05)。Sa-β-Gal染色显示,IL-1β诱导后C28/I2细胞的β-半乳糖苷酶水平显著增加(P<0.05),而佛手柑内酯处理后,β-半乳糖苷酶染色的阳性细胞率显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

佛手柑内酯可降低IL-1β刺激的软骨细胞中的SASP因子IL-6、TNF-α、P16、P21、MMP9、MMP13等的表达,从而在延缓OA进展中发挥其抗炎、抗衰老的作用。

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郭风劲,E-mail:
GUO Fengjin,E-mail:
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Environ Toxicol,2021,36(11):2123-2137., articleTitle=Overexpression of HIF-1α enhances the protective effect of mitophagy on steroid-induced osteocytes apoptosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934593069921142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, doi=10.1186/ar1894, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=104, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=36, authorNames=PFANDER D, SWOBODA B, CRAMER T, journalName=Arthritis Res Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PFANDER D,SWOBODA B,CRAMER T. The role of HIF-1ɑ in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis[J]. Arthritis Res Ther,2006,8(1):104., articleTitle=The role of HIF-1ɑ in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934593166390136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.061, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=33, issue=26, pageStart=6042, pageEnd=6051, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=37, authorNames=DUVAL E, BAUGÉ C, ANDRIAMANALIJAONA R, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUVAL E,BAUGÉ C,ANDRIAMANALIJAONA R,et al. Molecular mechanism of hypoxia-induced chondrogenesis and its application in in vivo cartilage tissue engineering[J]. 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Biomed Pharmacother,2017,89:1252-1261., articleTitle=Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway promotes autophagy of articular chondrocytes and attenuates inflammatory response in rats with osteoarthritis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934581426533128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934581439116041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, companyId=1322934581426533128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934581447504650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, companyId=1322934581426533128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆医科大学基础医学院细胞生物学与遗传学教研室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934584807142186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=c19MystZmJWogUNm7KQYJQ==, figureFileBig=RfbSb5+ubw2P9H5cbddMhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934584878445355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=CN, label=图1, caption=佛手柑内酯195个功能靶点网络图, figureFileSmall=c19MystZmJWogUNm7KQYJQ==, figureFileBig=RfbSb5+ubw2P9H5cbddMhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934585083966252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Q83iL/WIpVf3/+sukNCoUQ==, figureFileBig=W6m9ydw6BKn5KnQD7TKLuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934585159463725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=CN, label=图2, caption=佛手柑内酯治疗OA的145个潜在靶点

A:佛手柑内酯靶点与OA靶点的韦恩图;B:佛手柑内酯与OA的145个交集靶点网络图

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A:佛手柑内酯治疗OA潜在靶点的PPI网络图;B:PPI网络中的前10个Hub基因

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A~D:分子功能、细胞组分、生物过程和KEGG通路富集分析

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a:P<0.05,与24 h Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与48 h Control组比较;c:P<0.05,与72 h Control组比较

, figureFileSmall=cjQWoguum2Qv+b/DvNSVSA==, figureFileBig=XCh5ZmcVKjN0hGckzBA0/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934585784415031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mxg92JAb1EkQYpTxpHn5kQ==, figureFileBig=8j666TRjY0N2EDt7cvmm5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934585851523896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=CN, label=图7, caption=佛手柑内酯对增殖凋亡相关指标mRNA表达水平的影响

1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较A~F:Caspase3、BAX、BCL2、PCNA、CCND1和CCNE1的mRNA相对表达量

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1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较A:Western Blot检测凋亡相关指标BCL2、BAX、Caspase3的蛋白表达;B~D:BCL2、BAX、Casepase3蛋白相对表达量

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1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较A、B:Caspase3、BAX免疫荧光染色代表图像;C、D:Caspase3、BAX相对荧光强度定量分析

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1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较A~H:IL-4、IL-10、IL-6、TNF-α、P16、P21、MMP9和MMP13的mRNA相对表达量

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1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较A、B:P16、P21免疫荧光染色代表图像;C、D:P16、P21相对荧光强度定量分析

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A:SA-β-Gal染色代表图像;B:SA-β-Gal染色阳性细胞率 1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较

, figureFileSmall=WhWTRZbfyIarl66v9wu6+A==, figureFileBig=4WsNzI5gI3ZkmHO5E3K6JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934588259054406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IprF83zIH1nrl4tLZC2Iww==, figureFileBig=ucPdcHm96k5mhN2awNQdmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934588342940487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=CN, label=图13, caption=佛手柑内酯对PPI核心靶点mRNA表达水平的影响

1:Control组;2:IL-1β组;3:IL-1β+Bergapten组;a:P<0.05,与Control组比较;b:P<0.05,与IL-1β组比较A~D:HIF1A、EGFR、PIK3CA、HSP90AA1的mRNA相对表达量

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基因引物序列(5'→3')
GAPDH上游:GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT
下游:GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG
IL-4上游:ATGGGTCTCACCTCCCAACT
下游:GATGTCTGTTACGGTCAACTCG
IL-6上游:ACTCACCTCTTCAGAACGAATTG
下游:CCATCTTTGGAAGGTTCAGGTTG
IL-10上游:GACTTTAAGGGTTACCTGGGTTG
下游:TCACATGCGCCTTGATGTCTG
TNF-α上游:ATCAGAGGGCCTGTACCTCAT
下游:AGACTCGGCAAAGTCGAGATA
P16上游:ATGGAGCCTTCGGCTGACT
下游:GTAACTATTCGGTGCGTTGGG
P21上游:TGTCCGTCAGAACCCATGC
下游:AAAGTCGAAGTTCCATCGCTC
MMP9上游:CGACGTCTTCCAGTACCGAG
下游:CTGGTTCAACTCACTCCGGG
MMP13上游:TCCTGATGTGGGTGAATACAATG
下游:GCCATCGTGAAGTCTGGTAAAAT
Caspase3上游:CATGGAAGCGAATCAATGGACT
下游:CTGTACCAGACCGAGATGTCA
BAX上游:CCCGAGAGGTCTTTTTCCGAG
下游:CCAGCCCATGATGGTTCTGAT
BCL2上游:GGTGGGGTCATGTGTGTGG
下游:CGGTTCAGGTACTCAGTCATCC
PCNA上游:CCTGCTGGGATATTAGCTCCA
下游:CAGCGGTAGGTGTCGAAGC
CCND1上游:GCTGCGAAGTGGAAACCATC
下游:CCTCCTTCTGCACACATTTGAA
CCNE1上游:GCCAGCCTTGGGACAATAATG
下游:CTTGCACGTTGAGTTTGGGT
PIK3CA上游:CCACGACCATCATCAGGTGAA
下游:CCTCACGGAGGCATTCTAAAGT
HIF1A上游:CACCACAGGACAGTACAGGAT
下游:CGTGCTGAATAATACCACTCACA
EGFR上游:TTGCCGCAAAGTGTGTAACG
下游:GTCACCCCTAAATGCCACCG
HSP90AA1上游:GCTTGACCAATGACTGGGAAG
下游:AGCTCCTCACAGTTATCCATGA
), ArticleFig(id=1322934588493935434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934577114788581, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR检测基因表达相关引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'→3')
GAPDH上游:GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT
下游:GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG
IL-4上游:ATGGGTCTCACCTCCCAACT
下游:GATGTCTGTTACGGTCAACTCG
IL-6上游:ACTCACCTCTTCAGAACGAATTG
下游:CCATCTTTGGAAGGTTCAGGTTG
IL-10上游:GACTTTAAGGGTTACCTGGGTTG
下游:TCACATGCGCCTTGATGTCTG
TNF-α上游:ATCAGAGGGCCTGTACCTCAT
下游:AGACTCGGCAAAGTCGAGATA
P16上游:ATGGAGCCTTCGGCTGACT
下游:GTAACTATTCGGTGCGTTGGG
P21上游:TGTCCGTCAGAACCCATGC
下游:AAAGTCGAAGTTCCATCGCTC
MMP9上游:CGACGTCTTCCAGTACCGAG
下游:CTGGTTCAACTCACTCCGGG
MMP13上游:TCCTGATGTGGGTGAATACAATG
下游:GCCATCGTGAAGTCTGGTAAAAT
Caspase3上游:CATGGAAGCGAATCAATGGACT
下游:CTGTACCAGACCGAGATGTCA
BAX上游:CCCGAGAGGTCTTTTTCCGAG
下游:CCAGCCCATGATGGTTCTGAT
BCL2上游:GGTGGGGTCATGTGTGTGG
下游:CGGTTCAGGTACTCAGTCATCC
PCNA上游:CCTGCTGGGATATTAGCTCCA
下游:CAGCGGTAGGTGTCGAAGC
CCND1上游:GCTGCGAAGTGGAAACCATC
下游:CCTCCTTCTGCACACATTTGAA
CCNE1上游:GCCAGCCTTGGGACAATAATG
下游:CTTGCACGTTGAGTTTGGGT
PIK3CA上游:CCACGACCATCATCAGGTGAA
下游:CCTCACGGAGGCATTCTAAAGT
HIF1A上游:CACCACAGGACAGTACAGGAT
下游:CGTGCTGAATAATACCACTCACA
EGFR上游:TTGCCGCAAAGTGTGTAACG
下游:GTCACCCCTAAATGCCACCG
HSP90AA1上游:GCTTGACCAATGACTGGGAAG
下游:AGCTCCTCACAGTTATCCATGA
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佛手柑内酯延缓骨关节炎软骨细胞衰老
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叶元兰 , 刘恺文 , 潘一鸣 , 郭风劲
陆军军医大学学报 | 药学 2025,47(3): 262-274
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陆军军医大学学报 |药学 2025 , 47 (3) : 262 -274
佛手柑内酯延缓骨关节炎软骨细胞衰老
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叶元兰, 刘恺文, 潘一鸣, 郭风劲
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学基础医学院细胞生物学与遗传学教研室,重庆
通讯作者:
郭风劲,E-mail:
GUO Fengjin,E-mail:
Bergapten alleviates senescence of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis
Yuanlan YE, Kaiwen LIU, Yiming PAN, Fengjin GUO
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408075
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目的

基于网络药理学、分子对接技术并结合体外实验探讨佛手柑内酯(Bergapten)治疗骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的作用与机制。

方法

检索Super-Pred、Swiss Target Prediction、Drug Bank等相关数据库获取佛手柑内酯的功能靶点和OA疾病相关作用靶点,将靶点通过Venny 2.1.0进行交集,利用STRING数据库进行蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)分析,利用AutoDock Vina软件进行分子对接。在C28/I2细胞中进行体外验证实验,CCK-8检测佛手柑内酯对C28/I2细胞增殖活性的影响,RT-qPCR和细胞免疫荧光检测增殖凋亡、炎症和衰老相关分泌表型(senescence associated secretory phenotype,SASP)因子的表达情况。使用细胞衰老β-半乳糖苷酶(senescence-associated β-galactosidase,SA-β-Gal)染色试剂盒检测SA-β-Gal水平的变化。

结果

筛选得到145个佛手柑内酯治疗OA的潜在作用靶点。PPI分析发现HSP90AA1、EGFR、HIF1A、PIK3CA 4个潜在核心靶点,且分子对接可形成较稳定的复合物。CCK-8发现,10 μmol/L佛手柑内酯处理48 h,C28/I2细胞的存活率最高(P<0.05)。细胞免疫荧光、RT-qPCR和Western Blot实验显示,佛手柑内酯处理后,细胞增殖标志物PCNA、CCND1和CCNE1的表达增加(P<0.05),而凋亡指标Caspase3和BAX的表达降低(P<0.05)。同时,佛手柑内酯处理后,IL-1β诱导的炎性因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达降低,而抗炎因子IL-4和IL-10的表达增加(P<0.05)。SASP因子P16、P21、MMP9和MMP13的表达也显著减少(P<0.05)。Sa-β-Gal染色显示,IL-1β诱导后C28/I2细胞的β-半乳糖苷酶水平显著增加(P<0.05),而佛手柑内酯处理后,β-半乳糖苷酶染色的阳性细胞率显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

佛手柑内酯可降低IL-1β刺激的软骨细胞中的SASP因子IL-6、TNF-α、P16、P21、MMP9、MMP13等的表达,从而在延缓OA进展中发挥其抗炎、抗衰老的作用。

骨关节炎  /  5-甲氧基补骨脂素  /  网络药理学  /  衰老相关分泌表型
Objective‍

‍To investigate the role and mechanism of bergapten in treating osteoarthritis (OA) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments.

Methods‍

‍The functional targets of bergapten and the related targets of OA disease were obtained by searching Super-Pred, Swiss Target Prediction, Drug Bank. The obtained targets were intersected with Venny2.1.0, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using the STRING database, and molecular docking was conducted by AutoDock Vina. Subsequently, human chondrocyte C28/I2 cells were subjected in the following validation experiments. After the cells were treated with 0~50 μmol/L bergapten for 24, 48 or 72 h, CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis, and the expression of the molecules related to proliferation, inflammation and senescence (senescence associated secretory phenotype, SASP). Senescence β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining kit was employed to detect the change of SA-β-Gal level in the cells.

Results‍

There obtained 145 potential targets of bergapten for OA. PPI analysis revealed 4 potential core targets, HSP90AA1, EGFR, HIF1A, and PIK3CA, and they could form relatively stable complex with bergapten. CCK-8 assay showed that 10 μmol/L bergapten treatment for 48 h resulted in the highest proliferative activity of C28/I2 cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting indicated that bergapten treatment induced significant increases in the expression of cell proliferation markers such as PCNA, CCND1 and CCNE1 (P<0.05), while decreases in the expression of apoptosis markers Caspase3 and BAX (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression levels of IL-1β-induced inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced, while those of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 were elevated after bergapten treatment (P<0.05). The levels of SASP factors, such as P16, P21, MMP9 and MMP13 were also significantly declined (P<0.05). SA-β-Gal staining displayed that the level of SA-β-Gal in C28/I2 cells was significantly enhanced after IL-1β induction (P<0.05), while bergapten treatment could decrease the positive cell rate of the staining (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

Bergapten can reduce the expression of SASP factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, P16, P21, MMP9 and MMP13 in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, and thus exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects in delaying the progression of OA.

‍osteoarthritis  /  5-methoxypsoralen  /  network pharmacology  /  senescence-associated secretory phenotype
叶元兰, 刘恺文, 潘一鸣, 郭风劲. 佛手柑内酯延缓骨关节炎软骨细胞衰老. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (3) : 262 -274 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408075
Yuanlan YE, Kaiwen LIU, Yiming PAN, Fengjin GUO. Bergapten alleviates senescence of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (3) : 262 -274 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408075
骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA),是当今最普遍的慢性关节疾病,主要累及膝关节、髋关节等负重关节,是导致关节疼痛、功能障碍、残疾和生活质量降低的主要原因[1]。关节损伤、衰老、超重和遗传因素被认为是OA的主要危险因素[2-4]。随着我国逐渐步入老龄化社会,老年人口逐步增长,OA患病率和发病率均有所上升。关节软骨的破坏、骨赘的形成、软骨下硬化症和滑膜组织的增生是OA的标志[5]。目前,OA尚缺乏有效治疗措施。针对早期患者采取的药物治疗(比如:度洛西汀、阿片类药物以及非甾体类抗炎药等)[6-8],虽在一定程度上对患者的疼痛有所缓解,但无法从根本上治疗OA,并伴随有肝毒性、药物依赖、肾脏疾病、心血管疾病、胃肠道并发症等副作用。对晚期OA患者而言,关节置换术常被作为最终的治疗选择,给个人和社会带来了较大的负担[9]。因此,亟须寻找新的治疗策略和药物靶点。
佛手柑内酯(Bergapten),又称5-甲氧基补骨脂素,是一种呋喃香豆素化合物,主要存在于白芷、羌活、蛇床子、北沙参等药材中,已有药理活性研究发现,佛手柑内酯具有防治骨质疏松、抗炎、抗衰老、调节血糖、改善失眠、抗过敏、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用[10]。最近的一项研究发现,佛手柑内酯可通过特异性抑制核因子κB受体激活因子(receptor activator nuclear factor-κB,RANK)、诱导核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)和c-Jun N末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)信号传导,从而抑制骨髓巨噬细胞和RAW264.7细胞中的破骨细胞生成[11];此外,一定浓度的佛手柑内酯还可促进人牙髓干细胞的成骨分化作用[12];通过抑制JAK激酶(janus tyrosine kinase,JAK)-信号转导及转录激活因子(signal transducer and activator of transcription,STAT)信号通路的激活以及活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的产生,佛手柑内酯可预防脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症,并提高小鼠的生存率[13]。但佛手柑内酯对OA的作用机制尚不清楚,仍需进一步论证。本研究借助网络药理学相关数据库并结合分子对接技术,预测佛手柑内酯可能对治疗OA具有一定作用,并对佛手柑内酯的药效进行实验探讨和验证,以期为佛手柑内酯治疗OA提供一定的理论基础。
C28/I2细胞来自耶鲁大学刘传聚教授团队惠赠,使用含10%FBS和1%青-链霉素的DMEM培养基进行培养。
RT Master Mix(HY-K0511A)、Bergapten(HY-N0370)、IL-1β(HY-P7028)购自美国MedChemExpress公司;β-半乳糖苷酶染色试剂盒(C0602)、CCK-8试剂盒(C0038)购自上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司;SYBR green(Q711-02)购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;anti-Caspase3(sc-65497)、anti-BAX(sc-7480)购自美国Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司;anti-P16(10883-1-AP)、anti-P21(28248-1-AP)、Multi-rAb CoraLite® Plus 488-Goat抗兔重组二抗(H+L)(RGAR002)购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司。
借助TCMSP平台和PubChem数据库获得佛手柑内酯的分子编号(Mol ID)、分子量(molecular weight,MW)和化学式(Canonical SMILES)。检索Super-Pred和Swiss Target Prediction数据库,获得佛手柑内酯功能靶点编号,利用UNIPROT网站(https://www.uniprot.org/),将所有靶点的编号转换成相应的基因名称。以“Osteoarthritis”为搜索词,检索Drug Bank、OMIM、Gene Cards、Dis Genet、Pharmgkb、Comparative Toxicogenomics Database和Mala Cards数据库,获得OA的相关靶点基因。利用在线软件Venny 2.1.0将靶点取交集,得到佛手柑内酯治疗OA的潜在靶点。
将佛手柑内酯治疗OA的作用靶点导入STRING数据库,隐藏单个游离点后得到蛋白相互作用TSV文件,导入Cytoscape 3.7.2构建佛手柑内酯治疗OA潜在靶点的PPI网络图,并利用“Cytohubba”插件,筛选得到PPI网络图中的前10个Hub基因。
将佛手柑内酯治疗OA作用靶点导入仙桃学术网站(https://www.xiantao.love/),利用工具栏中的GO和KEGG通路分析功能进行富集分析,并使用柱状图进行可视化。
PubChem数据库下载佛手柑内酯2D结构,PyMOL(v2.2.0)将其转化为PDB格式。利用PDB数据库下载相关核心靶点结构,用PyMOL(v2.2.0)去除水分子和已有配体,添加氢原子及电荷。通过AutoDock Vina(1.1.2-win32)基于全局对接确定蛋白结合口袋,并采用半柔性对接的方法进行分子对接,用PyMOL(v2.2.0)对结合能最低的构象进行可视化处理。
C28/I2细胞铺板于96孔板中,0~50 μmol/L佛手柑内酯分别处理24~72 h。吸弃原有的培养基,每孔加入100 μL CCK-8混合液,孵育4 h,利用酶标仪测定各组细胞在波长450 nm处的光密度值[OD(450)]。
实验一共分为3组:Control组、IL-1β组、IL-1β+Bergapten组。将C28/I2细胞按约50%的密度接种于6孔板中,细胞贴壁后加入终浓度为20 ng/mL的IL-1β处理24 h后换液。加入终浓度为10 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯继续处理48 h,收获细胞,提取RNA,RT-qPCR检测相关基因的表达。所有引物由擎科生物公司合成(表1)。
实验分组和细胞处理同1.4.2。PBS清洗细胞爬片2次,室温条件下4%多聚甲醛固定细胞15 min,0.5%Triton通透20 min,3% BSA封闭30 min。加入一抗(anti-Caspase3、anti-BAX、anti-P16、anti-P21),4 ℃孵育过夜。避光加入Multi-rAb CoraLite® Plus 488-Goat抗兔重组二抗(H+L),室温孵育2 h,PBS洗3次。DAPI染色10 min,PBS洗3次,50%甘油封片,镜下观察细胞的荧光染色情况。
实验分组和细胞处理同1.4.2。PBS洗涤细胞1次,室温条件下染色固定液固定15 min。PBS洗涤细胞3次,加入染色工作液,为防止过度蒸发,在孔板缝隙处加入ddH2O并用保鲜膜包裹,37 ℃孵育过夜。加入PBS,镜下观察细胞的衰老情况。
采用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行统计学分析,其中计量资料以x¯±s表示,2组间比较采用非配对t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
在TCMSP数据库中检索含有佛手柑内酯成分的中药名(如“白芷”),发现佛手柑内酯的分子编号为MOL001945,分子量为216.19 g/mol。通过PubChem数据库获得佛手柑内酯的化学式为COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3。在Super-Pred数据库和Swiss Target Prediction数据库中分别输入该SMILES,分别得到佛手柑内酯的靶点95个和106个。利用UNIPROT网站(https://www.uniprot.org/),将所有靶点的ID编号转换成相应的基因名。将上述靶点进行汇总并去除重复项,最终得到佛手柑内酯功能靶点195个(图1)。
检索Drug Bank、OMIM、Gene Cards、Dis Genet、Pharmgkb、Comparative Toxicogenomics Database和Mala Cards数据库获得OA相关作用靶点7 029个。将佛手柑内酯功能靶点和OA相关靶点利用Venny2.1.0进行分析(图2A),由图可知,交集得到佛手柑内酯治疗OA的潜在靶点145个(图2B)。
将145个交集靶点导入数据库STRING进行分析,使用Cytoscape3.7.2进行核心靶蛋白筛选,得到PPI网络图(图3A)。靶点的颜色越深,表示蛋白质之间的相互作用关系越强。利用“Cytohubba”插件,筛选得到PPI网络图中的前10个Hub基因。PPI网络中HSP90AA1、EGFR、HIF1A、PIK3CA 4个节点度值显著高于其他节点,是佛手柑内酯治疗OA的潜在核心靶点(图3B)。
将交集靶点导入仙桃学术在线网站,进行GO、KEGG分析,得到分子功能(molecular function,MF)条目151条、细胞组分(cellular component,CC)条目68条、生物过程(biological process,BP)条目1 463条、KEGG条目143条。分别选取P<0.05的前20个条目,通过仙桃学术网站中的GO和KEGG柱状图进行可视化展示。结果显示,MF条目主要与蛋白激酶、氧化还原酶、核受体活性以及转录因子结合等有关(图4A);CC条目主要富集了膜筏、囊泡腔、基底质膜、颗粒腔等(图4B);BP条目主要涉及细胞对氧化应激的反应、有丝分裂细胞周期的正向调节、蛋白激酶B信号传导的正向调节、活性氧反应等(图4C)。KEGG富集的主要通路包括PI3K-Akt、HIF-1和TNF信号通路等(图4D)。
将HSP90AA1 (ID:5NJX)、EGFR (ID:8A27)、HIF1A (ID:2ILM)、PIK3CA (ID:8EXL) 4个核心靶点作为受体,佛手柑内酯作为配体,利用AutoDock Vina (1.1.2-win32)进行分子对接。结果显示,佛手柑内酯与4个核心靶点之间均存在结合位点,且绝对结合能数值>5 kcal/mol,表明其结合活性较好。其中,佛手柑内酯与EGFR的结合能分数最高,为-7.6 kcal/mol,说明EGFR更有可能成为佛手柑内酯治疗OA的作用靶点。使用PyMOL(v2.2.0)软件对佛手柑内酯和核心靶蛋白之间的氢键连接进行可视化展示(图5)。
为了寻找佛手柑内酯的最佳工作浓度以及处理时间,利用CCK-8实验检测了0~50 μmol/L不同浓度的佛手柑内酯分别处理C28/I2细胞24、48和72 h对细胞增殖活性的影响。结果发现,佛手柑内酯处理24 h时,与Control组相比,5~45 μmol/L浓度的佛手柑内酯显著促进了C28/I2细胞的增殖活性(P<0.05),而50 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯没有显著影响。佛手柑内酯处理48 h时,相较于Control组,5~35 μmol/L浓度的佛手柑内酯显著促进了C28/I2细胞增殖活性(P<0.05),40 和45 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯对C28/I2细胞的增殖没有显著影响,50 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯对C28/I2细胞的增殖具有抑制作用(P<0.05)。佛手柑内酯处理72 h时,与Control组相比,10和15 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯可促进C28/I2细胞的增殖(P<0.05),45和50 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯对C28/I2细胞的生长具有抑制作用(P<0.05),其余浓度的佛手柑内酯没有显著影响(图6)。综上,在后续的细胞实验中,均使用10 μmol/L的佛手柑内酯处理C28/I2细胞48 h。
通过RT-qPCR,发现与Control组相比,IL-1β处理显著促进了凋亡相关指标Caspase3和BAX,同时抑制了BCL2、PCNA、CCND1和CCNE1的表达;而与IL-1β处理组相比,佛手柑内酯处理则能够逆转IL-1β的这一作用(P<0.05,图7)。Western blot结果也显示,IL-1β处理后,Caspase3和BAX的表达量显著增加,BCL2表达显著减少,佛手柑内酯处理则具有相反的作用(P<0.05,图8)。同时,Caspase3和BAX的细胞免疫荧光也表现出一致的结果(图9)。
在本研究中,RT-qPCR结果显示,与Control组相比,IL-1β处理显著增加了促炎因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平;与IL-1β处理组相比,佛手柑内酯能够显著降低由IL-1β上调的致炎因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05,图10C、D),并提高抗炎因子IL-4和IL-10的表达水平(P<0.05,图10A、B)。同时,IL-1β处理显著促进了P16、P21、MMP9和MMP13的表达水平(P<0.05,图10E~H)。与IL-1β处理组相比,佛手柑内酯能够显著降低由IL-1β上调的衰老相关指标P16、P21、MMP9和MMP13的表达(P<0.05,图10E~H)。细胞免疫荧光也表现出一致的结果(图11)。
SA-β-Gal染色结果显示,IL-1β组的SA-β-Gal染色阳性细胞数量出现明显增加(P<0.05),而IL-1β引起的SA-β-Gal阳性细胞数量增加可由佛手柑内酯缓解(P<0.05,图12)。
前期PPI网络分析中发现,HIF1A、EGFR、PIK3CA、HSP90AA1可能是佛手柑内酯治疗OA的关键核心靶点。因此,在本部分实验中通过RT-qPCR的方法检测了佛手柑内酯对4个靶点基因的影响。结果发现,IL-1β处理下HIF1A和EGFR表达显著减少,加入佛手柑内酯处理后IL-1β的抑制作用被有效逆转(P<0.05),而PIK3CA和HSP90AA1的表达没有显著性变化(图13)。
OA是较为常见的一种慢性退行性关节疾病,已影响全球超过5亿人的健康,预计未来10年发病率还将持续增加[14]。软骨的退变是该疾病的主要特征性改变之一,在软骨退变的过程中存在大量软骨细胞的衰老及炎症凋亡,对软骨细胞的调控作用主要是通过相关的信号通路及细胞因子完成,因此对相关细胞因子及信号通路的干预可能是缓解甚至治疗OA的关键[15-16]。
中药具有来源广泛、化学成分丰富、不良反应较少、开发成新药易于人体接受的特点,越来越受到国内外学者的关注[17]。佛手柑内酯是一种天然的呋喃香豆素,通过查阅梳理其相关的药理文献,发现佛手柑内酯具有广泛的药理作用,包括抗炎、抗菌、抗癌、神经保护、器官保护和抗糖尿病等[18]。研究发现,佛手柑内酯可通过介导抗氧化和抗炎途径来缓解大鼠模型中偏头痛的相关症状[19];此外,还以浓度依赖性方式显著抑制PBMC中LPS诱导的致炎因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达。鉴于其广泛的药理活性,佛手柑内酯有望成为治疗OA的潜在候选药物。
OA的致病机制涉及多种过程,包括软骨细胞肥大、衰老、炎症过程和软骨细胞死亡[20-22]。在本研究中,发现佛手柑内酯处理可以减少C28/I2细胞中由IL-1β导致的细胞凋亡,并促进细胞增殖与细胞周期蛋白相关基因的表达。OA也是一种与年龄高度相关的疾病,衰老是OA最突出的危险因素之一。细胞衰老也称为复制性衰老,是一种以持续的细胞周期停滞为特征的应激反应,会导致与年龄相关的功能障碍和慢性炎症[23]。衰老细胞会表现出衰老相关分泌表型,具体表现为大量分泌趋化因子、促炎细胞因子和基质金属蛋白酶等。而在之前的研究中,有研究人员发现佛手柑内酯可降低由LPS上调的促炎因子的表达[13]。与之一致,也发现佛手柑内酯可以降低C28/I2细胞中IL-1β诱导的炎性细胞因子的表达。同时,佛手柑内酯的处理也显著降低了软骨细胞C28/I2细胞中SASP因子的表达。此外,衰老细胞在体积上较正常细胞会更大,并大量表达有高活性的β-半乳糖苷酶[24]。SA-β-Gal染色实验结果发现佛手柑内酯可以降低IL-1β处理的C28/I2细胞中β-半乳糖苷酶的水平。总而言之,在细胞实验中发现佛手柑内酯可抑制C28/I2细胞凋亡,减少细胞炎性因子表达,延缓软骨细胞衰老。
前期的网络药理学分析中,初步发现了HSP90AA1、EGFR、HIF1A和PIK3CA等4个潜在的核心靶点。其中,HSP90与人体众多疾病相关,已有研究发现,在化疗过程中,HSP90AA1可通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路和JNK/P38通路促进自噬并抑制细胞凋亡,有助于骨肉瘤在体内和体外的化疗耐药性[25]。EGFR是研究的较充分的信号通路之一,在其配体激活后,EGFR会与自身或EGFR家族的其他成员二聚化,以调节多种细胞功能,如增殖、存活、黏附、迁移和分化[26]。与野生型小鼠相比,EGFR软骨特异性缺陷小鼠表现出膝OA进展加速,而使用纳米技术靶向EGFR信号转导具有治疗OA的作用[27]。与人正常软骨相比,OA软骨中EGFR的mRNA水平显著降低,同样地,EGFR在DMM小鼠中的表达也降低[28]。HIF-1α是缺氧诱导因子家族的关键成员,其成员可调节血管生成、炎症[29]、自噬和凋亡[30]等基因的转录,并参与OA的进展。软骨细胞通常存在于缺氧环境中,而HIF-1α在调节缺氧反应中起着至关重要的作用。在缺氧和常氧条件下,IL-1β刺激诱导的OA中HIF-1α出现功能失活,导致软骨细胞凋亡显著增加[31]。同时,ECM的合成作用也依赖于HIF-1α的活性,研究表明HIF-1α可上调SOX9的表达并介导COL2的翻译后修饰,促进软骨特异性ECM的形成[32]。PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路是OA发生和进展的关键通路,研究发现沉默PIK3CA可抑制OA软骨细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡[33]。在体外实验中初步探究了佛手柑内酯对4个潜在核心靶点的影响作用,结果发现IL-1β处理的C28/I2细胞中HIF1A和EGFR的表达显著减少,这与先前的研究结果一致,而加入佛手柑内酯处理后HIF1A和EGFR的表达显著增加,这说明佛手柑内酯极有可能是通过影响HIF1A、EGFR靶点及其相关通路发挥延缓软骨细胞衰老的作用,但其具体的作用与机制还有待进一步研究。
综上所述,本研究结合网络药理学、分子对接技术以及体外验证实验,对佛手柑内酯在OA软骨细胞衰老中的作用进行了探讨。体外实验证明,佛手柑内酯可促进作用靶点HIF1A和EGFR的表达,并抑制SASP相关因子的表达而发挥抗炎、抗衰老的作用。

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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408075
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
  • 修回日期:2024-09-24
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    1重庆医科大学基础医学院细胞生物学与遗传学教研室,重庆

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