Article(id=1322934546676719783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934544927687233, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722614400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-03, revisedDate=1724428800000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341774862, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341774862, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341774862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341774862, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934544927687233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='193', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739548800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341774446, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341774446, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=243, endPage=254, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934548778066088, articleId=1322934546676719783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=LncRNA GAS5 inhibits glioma progression through miR-135b-5p/APC axis, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍‍

To explore the interaction between long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) and miR-135b-5p/adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) axis, and to elucidate its biological function in the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of glioma.

Methods‍

The relationship of GAS5 expression level with survival rate of glioma patients was analyzed based on CGGA database. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of GAS5 in glioma tissues and cell lines. Human glioma T98 and A172 cell lines were subjected for overexpression and knockdown of GAS5, miR-135b-5p and APC by transfection. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied to measure the expression of related genes in glioma tissues or cell lines. CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays was conducted to determine the effect of GAS5 on the viability and motility of glioma cells. Moreover, dual luciferase reporter analysis were utilized to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GAS5 and miR-135b-5p/APC.

Results‍

‍Analysis on CGGA database showed that the survival rate of glioma patients with low GAS5 expression was significantly decreased (P<0.001). Western blotting and qRT-PCR indicated that GAS5 was down-regulated in the glioma cell lines and tissues than human normal astrocytes and para-cancer tissues (P<0.01). The results of CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays revealed that overexpression of GAS5 significantly inhibited the viability, invasion and migration abilities in T98 cells when compared with the cells of the vector group (P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter analysis displayed that there were binding sites between GAS5 and miR-135b-5p, and the expression of the two was negatively correlated (P=0.019). Further studies suggested that the effect of GAS5 on biological function in glioma cells was through targetingmiR-135b-5p, and overexpression of APC reversed the promoting effect of miR-135b-5p on glioma cells (P<0.01). Western blotting displayed that enhancing miR-135b-5p expression inhibited the expression of APC (P<0.001), and GAS5 upregulated the expression of APC by targeting miR-135b-5p (P<0.01).

Conclusion‍

GAS5 inhibits the progression of glioma via miR-135b-5p/APC axis, which revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of GAS5/miR-135b-5p/APC.

, authors=Jidong ZHANG, Yutao WANG, Jianwen JI, authorsList=Jidong ZHANG, Yutao WANG, Jianwen JI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianwen JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934550447399093, articleId=1322934546676719783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=长链非编码RNA GAS5通过miR-135b-5p/APC轴抑制胶质瘤进展, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨长链非编码RNA生长停滞特异性5 (growth arrest-specific 5,GAS5)与miR-135b-5p和腺瘤性结肠息肉病基因(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC) 轴之间的相互作用,以阐明其在胶质瘤增殖、转移、侵袭中的生物学功能。

方法

通过CGGA数据库分析GAS5表达水平与胶质瘤患者的生存率的关系;通过qRT-PCR检测GAS5在胶质瘤组织和细胞系中的表达水平;人类神经胶质瘤T98和A172细胞系分别用于过表达和敲低实验。通过转染来过表达或者沉默GAS5、miR-135b-5p和APC;通过Western blot与qRT‑PCR技术检测GAS5、miR-135b-5p、APC的表达水平;利用CCK-8实验检测胶质瘤细胞活力,通过Transwell和划痕实验分析肿瘤细胞运动活性;通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-135b-5p与GAS5或APC的靶向关系。

结果

CGGA数据库分析显示GAS5低表达的胶质瘤患者的生存率显著降低(P<0.001)。Western blot与qRT‑PCR检测结果显示,分别与癌旁组织和正常人星形胶质瘤细胞系比较,GAS5在胶质瘤组织和胶质瘤细胞系中的表达下调(P<0.01);CCK-8、Transwell和划痕实验分析表明,与vector组比较,GAS5过表达抑制了胶质瘤细胞活力、侵袭和迁移(P<0.01);双荧光素酶报告基因实验证明,GAS5和miR-135b-5p之间存在结合位点,且二者mRNA表达水平呈负相关(P=0.019)。CCK-8、Transwell和划痕实验显示,GAS5对胶质瘤细胞生物学功能的影响是通过靶向miR-135b-5p完成的,APC过表达逆转了miR-135b-5p对胶质瘤细胞的促进作用(P<0.01);Western blot结果显示,与mimic_NC比较,miR-135b-5p升高能够抑制APC的表达(P<0.001),GAS5通过靶向miR-135b-5p上调APC的表达(P<0.01)。

结论

GAS5通过miR-135b-5p/APC轴共同抑制肿瘤发展,揭示了GAS5/miR-135b-5p/APC在胶质瘤发展中的分子调控机制。

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‍冀建文,E-mail:
JI Jianwen,E-mail:
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PLoS Biol,2003,1(1):E10., articleTitle=The roles of APC and Axin derived from experimental and theoretical analysis of the Wnt pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934550652919990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934550661308599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, companyId=1322934550652919990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Neurological Diseases Center,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934550669697208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, companyId=1322934550652919990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆医科大学附属第三医院神经疾病中心,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934554150969552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QtlrdXaiK+5TFzhxwoOURg==, figureFileBig=lQIFTXJk1VvKGnEiJXeAxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934554234855633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=图1, caption=GAS5在组织和细胞中的mRNA水平及其与胶质瘤患者总体生存率的相关性

A:GAS5表达与胶质瘤患者总体生存率的相关性;B:qRT-PCR 分析GAS5在细胞系中的mRNA相对表达量 a:P<0.01,b:P<0.001,与NHA比较;C:qRT-PCR 分析GAS5在组织中的mRNA相对表达量 c:P<0.01,与癌旁组织比较

, figureFileSmall=QtlrdXaiK+5TFzhxwoOURg==, figureFileBig=lQIFTXJk1VvKGnEiJXeAxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934554566205650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xAFe6UbuWpQoIf9ySO74Xg==, figureFileBig=IsQvJKOX2kzOey4d4GX9bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934554868195539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GAS5水平影响胶质瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭

A:Western blot检测 GAS5 的过表达和敲低效果 a:P<0.01,与vector组比较;b:P<0.01,与sh-NC组比较;B:CCK-8实验检测GAS5过表达或敲低后细胞增殖能力 c:P<0.01,d:P<0.001,与同时间点的vector组比较;e:P<0.01,f:P<0.001,与同时间点的sh-NC组比较;C:Transwell实验分析GAS5过表达或敲低后细胞侵袭能力 a:P<0.01,与vector组比较;g:P<0.001,与sh-NC组比较;D:划痕试验分析GAS5过表达或敲低后细胞迁移能力 h:P<0.001,与vector组比较;g:P<0.001,与sh-NC组比较

, figureFileSmall=xAFe6UbuWpQoIf9ySO74Xg==, figureFileBig=IsQvJKOX2kzOey4d4GX9bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934554943693012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xV3QwTd6NQwEBzN8tO2LXw==, figureFileBig=ArK2SF1CIBvf7tBCqw6oyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934555006607574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=图3, caption=miR-135b-5p是GAS5的海绵化miRNA

A:Starbase数据库预测GAS5和miR-135b-5p之间的结合位点;B:通过双荧光素酶报告基因法分析GAS5与miR-135b-5p的结合情况 a:P<0.001,与mimic_NC组比较;C:qRT-PCR分析miR-135b-5p在细胞系中的mRNA水平 b:P<0.05,c:P<0.01,d:P<0.001,与NHA比较;D:qRT-PCR分析T98细胞过表达GAS5后miR-135b-5p的mRNA水平 e:P<0.001,与vector组比较;E:qRT-PCR分析A172细胞敲低GAS5后miR-135b-5p的mRNA水平 f:P<0.001,与sh-NC组比较;F:qRT-PCR分析胶质瘤组织中GAS5与miR-135b-5p的mRNA表达相关性

, figureFileSmall=xV3QwTd6NQwEBzN8tO2LXw==, figureFileBig=ArK2SF1CIBvf7tBCqw6oyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934555090493655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BT+lCMidjiJRQUvGg3YWtQ==, figureFileBig=TjKSXn69Swo64lcto2gV1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934556810158296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GAS5通过靶向miR-135b-5p 调控细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

A:qRT-PCR 检测miR-135b-5p的转染效果 a:P<0.001,与mimic_NC组比较;B:CCK-8实验分析T98细胞不同处理后的增殖能力 b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,与同时间点的GAS5组比较;d:P<0.001,与同时间点的vector组比较;C:划痕试验分析T98细胞不同处理后的迁移能力 e:P<0.001,与vector组比较;f:P<0.001,与GAS5组比较;D:Transwell实验检测T98细胞不同处理后的侵袭能力 e:P<0.001,与vector组比较;g:P<0.01,与GAS5组比较

, figureFileSmall=BT+lCMidjiJRQUvGg3YWtQ==, figureFileBig=TjKSXn69Swo64lcto2gV1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934556885655769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JxGfT4rjxqJCHg62v1zbHw==, figureFileBig=LVAIAVP6vUhEPtaj+JwGPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934556965347546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GAS5 通过海绵化 miR-135b-5p调控 APC表达

A:Starbase软件预测APC与miR-135b-5p之间的结合位点;B:通过双荧光素酶报告基因法分析APC与miR-135b-5p的结合情况 a:P<0.001,与mimic_NC组比较;C:qRT-PCR检测细胞系中APC的mRNA相对表达量 b:P<0.001,与NHA比较;D:通过TCGA数据库分析胶质瘤样本中miR-135b-5p与APC的mRNA表达关系;E:Western blot分析过表达和敲低miR-135b-5p后APC的蛋白水平 1:mimic_NC组;2:miR-135b-5p_mimics组;3:inh_NC组;4:miR-135b-5p_inh组;a:P<0.001,与mimic_NC组比较;c:P<0.001,与inh_NC组比较;F:Western blot分析T98细胞分别转染GAS5、GAS5+miR-135b-5p_mimics后APC的蛋白水平 1:vector组;2:GAS5组;3:GAS5+mimic_NC组;4:GAS5+miR-135b-5p_mimics组;d:P<0.01,与vector组比较;e:P<0.01,与GAS5+mimic_NC组比较

, figureFileSmall=JxGfT4rjxqJCHg62v1zbHw==, figureFileBig=LVAIAVP6vUhEPtaj+JwGPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934557045039323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z8ItPKk8TR4b9rSea2oc2Q==, figureFileBig=GHK99Ka94iUYo2Cn6F0Mew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934557133119708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=图6, caption=APC的升高可削弱 miR-135b-5p 过表达对胶质瘤细胞的影响

A:qRT-PCR 检测APC过表达效果 a:P<0.001,与vector组比较;B:通过CCK-8实验检测不同处理后T98细胞的增殖能力 b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,与同时间点的miR-135b-5p_mimics组比较;d:P<0.001,与同时间点的mimic_NC组比较;C:划痕实验分析不同处理后T98细胞的迁移能力 1:mimic_NC组;2:miR-135b-5p_mimics组;3:miR-135b-5p_mimics+APC组;e:P<0.001,与mimic_NC组比较;f:P<0.001,与miR-135b-5p_mimics组比较;D:Transwell实验分析T98细胞不同处理后的侵袭能力 1:mimic_NC组;2:miR-135b-5p_mimics组;3:miR-135b-5p_mimics+APC组;e:P<0.001,与mimic_NC组比较;f:P<0.001,与miR-135b-5p_mimics组比较

, figureFileSmall=z8ItPKk8TR4b9rSea2oc2Q==, figureFileBig=GHK99Ka94iUYo2Cn6F0Mew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934557237977309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列
GAS5上游:5′-CTTGCCTGGACCAGCTTAAT-3′
下游:5′-CAAGCCGACTCTCCATACCT-3′
U6上游:5′-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3′
下游:5′-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3′
GAPDH上游:5′-GTTCGTCATGGGTGTGAACC-3′
下游:5′-CATCCACAGTCTTCTGGGTG-3′
miR-135b-5p上游:5′-TGCGATATGGCTTTTCATTCC TA-3′
下游:5′-CGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTC-3′
APC上游:5′-AGGGTGTCACTGGAGACAGA-3′
下游:5′-TCTTCAGTGCCTCAACTTGCT-3′
), ArticleFig(id=1322934557317669086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934546676719783, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

用于荧光定量PCR的引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列
GAS5上游:5′-CTTGCCTGGACCAGCTTAAT-3′
下游:5′-CAAGCCGACTCTCCATACCT-3′
U6上游:5′-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3′
下游:5′-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3′
GAPDH上游:5′-GTTCGTCATGGGTGTGAACC-3′
下游:5′-CATCCACAGTCTTCTGGGTG-3′
miR-135b-5p上游:5′-TGCGATATGGCTTTTCATTCC TA-3′
下游:5′-CGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTC-3′
APC上游:5′-AGGGTGTCACTGGAGACAGA-3′
下游:5′-TCTTCAGTGCCTCAACTTGCT-3′
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长链非编码RNA GAS5通过miR-135b-5p/APC轴抑制胶质瘤进展
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张吉东 , 王雨涛 , 冀建文
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(3): 243-254
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (3) : 243 -254
长链非编码RNA GAS5通过miR-135b-5p/APC轴抑制胶质瘤进展
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张吉东, 王雨涛, 冀建文
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学附属第三医院神经疾病中心,重庆
通讯作者:
‍冀建文,E-mail:
JI Jianwen,E-mail:
LncRNA GAS5 inhibits glioma progression through miR-135b-5p/APC axis
Jidong ZHANG, Yutao WANG, Jianwen JI
Affiliations
  • 1Neurological Diseases Center,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408010
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目的

探讨长链非编码RNA生长停滞特异性5 (growth arrest-specific 5,GAS5)与miR-135b-5p和腺瘤性结肠息肉病基因(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC) 轴之间的相互作用,以阐明其在胶质瘤增殖、转移、侵袭中的生物学功能。

方法

通过CGGA数据库分析GAS5表达水平与胶质瘤患者的生存率的关系;通过qRT-PCR检测GAS5在胶质瘤组织和细胞系中的表达水平;人类神经胶质瘤T98和A172细胞系分别用于过表达和敲低实验。通过转染来过表达或者沉默GAS5、miR-135b-5p和APC;通过Western blot与qRT‑PCR技术检测GAS5、miR-135b-5p、APC的表达水平;利用CCK-8实验检测胶质瘤细胞活力,通过Transwell和划痕实验分析肿瘤细胞运动活性;通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-135b-5p与GAS5或APC的靶向关系。

结果

CGGA数据库分析显示GAS5低表达的胶质瘤患者的生存率显著降低(P<0.001)。Western blot与qRT‑PCR检测结果显示,分别与癌旁组织和正常人星形胶质瘤细胞系比较,GAS5在胶质瘤组织和胶质瘤细胞系中的表达下调(P<0.01);CCK-8、Transwell和划痕实验分析表明,与vector组比较,GAS5过表达抑制了胶质瘤细胞活力、侵袭和迁移(P<0.01);双荧光素酶报告基因实验证明,GAS5和miR-135b-5p之间存在结合位点,且二者mRNA表达水平呈负相关(P=0.019)。CCK-8、Transwell和划痕实验显示,GAS5对胶质瘤细胞生物学功能的影响是通过靶向miR-135b-5p完成的,APC过表达逆转了miR-135b-5p对胶质瘤细胞的促进作用(P<0.01);Western blot结果显示,与mimic_NC比较,miR-135b-5p升高能够抑制APC的表达(P<0.001),GAS5通过靶向miR-135b-5p上调APC的表达(P<0.01)。

结论

GAS5通过miR-135b-5p/APC轴共同抑制肿瘤发展,揭示了GAS5/miR-135b-5p/APC在胶质瘤发展中的分子调控机制。

长链非编码RNA生长停滞特异性5  /  神经胶质瘤  /  miR-135b-5p  /  腺瘤性结肠息肉病基因
Objective‍‍

To explore the interaction between long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) and miR-135b-5p/adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) axis, and to elucidate its biological function in the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of glioma.

Methods‍

The relationship of GAS5 expression level with survival rate of glioma patients was analyzed based on CGGA database. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of GAS5 in glioma tissues and cell lines. Human glioma T98 and A172 cell lines were subjected for overexpression and knockdown of GAS5, miR-135b-5p and APC by transfection. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied to measure the expression of related genes in glioma tissues or cell lines. CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays was conducted to determine the effect of GAS5 on the viability and motility of glioma cells. Moreover, dual luciferase reporter analysis were utilized to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GAS5 and miR-135b-5p/APC.

Results‍

‍Analysis on CGGA database showed that the survival rate of glioma patients with low GAS5 expression was significantly decreased (P<0.001). Western blotting and qRT-PCR indicated that GAS5 was down-regulated in the glioma cell lines and tissues than human normal astrocytes and para-cancer tissues (P<0.01). The results of CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays revealed that overexpression of GAS5 significantly inhibited the viability, invasion and migration abilities in T98 cells when compared with the cells of the vector group (P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter analysis displayed that there were binding sites between GAS5 and miR-135b-5p, and the expression of the two was negatively correlated (P=0.019). Further studies suggested that the effect of GAS5 on biological function in glioma cells was through targetingmiR-135b-5p, and overexpression of APC reversed the promoting effect of miR-135b-5p on glioma cells (P<0.01). Western blotting displayed that enhancing miR-135b-5p expression inhibited the expression of APC (P<0.001), and GAS5 upregulated the expression of APC by targeting miR-135b-5p (P<0.01).

Conclusion‍

GAS5 inhibits the progression of glioma via miR-135b-5p/APC axis, which revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of GAS5/miR-135b-5p/APC.

‍long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5  /  glioma  /  miR-135b-5p  /  adenomatous polyposis coli
张吉东, 王雨涛, 冀建文. 长链非编码RNA GAS5通过miR-135b-5p/APC轴抑制胶质瘤进展. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (3) : 243 -254 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408010
Jidong ZHANG, Yutao WANG, Jianwen JI. LncRNA GAS5 inhibits glioma progression through miR-135b-5p/APC axis[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (3) : 243 -254 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408010
胶质瘤起源于神经胶质细胞或干细胞,是脑和脊髓最常见的原发性肿瘤[1-3],占原发性脑恶性肿瘤的80%[2-3],是导致原发性脑瘤死亡的主要原因[3]。神经胶质瘤的发病率随着年龄的增长而增加,其中胶质母细胞瘤发病率的增加最为明显。许多环境因素,尤其是电离辐射,与胶质瘤的发生密切相关[4-6]。全基因组研究表明,脑瘤的风险与单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)密切相关[7-8]。胶质瘤的传统治疗方法包括手术切除、化疗、放疗,但这些方法并不足以对抗癌症的发展[9]。胶质瘤的恶性程度高,复发率高,且5年生存率不超过5%,早期识别和治疗能大大提高治疗效果。因此,迫切需要新的诊断标志物在早期阶段识别疾病,并区分肿瘤的亚型,从而改善目前的治疗模式[10]。
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是长度超过200个碱基的非编码RNA,广泛参与真核细胞中基因的调控和表达。此外,lncRNA的异常表达与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,被视为癌症表观遗传学中的新兴生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点[11]。生长停滞特异性5 (growth arrest-specific 5,GAS5)是一种具有抑制恶性肿瘤生长和促进凋亡作用的lncRNA分子,其表达下调参与多种肿瘤的发生发展,如淋巴瘤、宫颈癌和骨肉瘤等[12-14]。GAS5主要通过其内含子编码的多种小核仁RNA(small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA)发挥生物学功能[15]。GAS5通过消除A172和U251细胞中的Sirtuinl和miRNA-10b减缓了胶质瘤的进展[16]。此外,GAS5靶向miR-106b调节磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(phosphatase and tensin-homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)的表达,从而影响上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)进程以及胶质瘤细胞的侵袭、迁移和增殖[2]。
微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是由20~40个核苷酸组成的非编码小RNA,在细胞凋亡、迁移、分化、增殖和侵袭等多种生物功能中发挥重要作用[17-18]。更为重要的是,miRNA的失调可激活相关的癌基因或抑癌基因[19-21]。miR-135b-5p在哺乳动物中是一种保守的转录本[22],在胃癌中上调并维持Krüppel样因子4 (Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)的表达,会加剧胃癌细胞的增殖、活力、迁移和侵袭[23],提示miR-135b-5p是癌症的潜在治疗靶点。
腺瘤性结肠息肉病基因(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC)在细胞增殖、迁移、DNA修复和染色体分离中起着至关重要的作用[24]。APC在多种癌症细胞如乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌中丢失,其丢失还导致非小细胞肺癌和乳腺癌患者的总生存率下降[25]。
尽管GAS5在胶质瘤中的作用和机制已有报道,但miR-135b-5p、APC是否参与胶质瘤的发生发展仍有待研究。本实验主要探究了GAS5、miR-135b-5p、APC在胶质瘤细胞及组织中的生物学功能和表达特征以期揭示胶质瘤的发病机制,并为后续治疗提供理论依据。
人胶质瘤细胞系(LN229、U251、T98、A172)、正常人星形胶质细胞系(NHA)购自中国典型培养物保藏中心;FBS购自澳大利亚Moregate公司;星形胶质细胞培养基购自美国ScienCell公司;DMEM高糖培养基购自中国Biosharp公司;LipofectamineTM 3000、反转录试剂盒、RIPA购自美国Thermo公司;TRIzol试剂盒购自美国Invitrogen公司;荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒购自美国ThermoFisher公司;CCK-8细胞增殖检测试剂盒购自中国诺唯赞公司;GAS5、APC、GAPDH单克隆抗体购自英国Abcam公司;GAS5过表达质粒、APC过表达质粒、sh-RNA、miR-135b-5p抑制剂、miR-135b-5p模拟物及其对照购自中国吉凯基因公司。
倒置显微镜购自德国Eppendorf公司;酶标仪购自美国BIOTEK公司;高速常温/冷冻离心机购自德国Eppendor公司;Western blot实验设备购自美国Bio-Rad公司;紫外可见光分光光度计购自美国Thermo Forma公司;实时荧光定量PCR仪购自美国IBM公司;凝胶成像系统购自美国Invitrogen公司。
胶质瘤细胞系培养于含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基中,NHA细胞培养于AM培养基(星形胶质细胞培养基)中,并置于37 ℃含有5%CO2的恒温湿润环境中培养。
胶质瘤组织及其癌旁组织收集于自2021年1月至2022年1月在重庆医科大学附属第三医院神经疾病中心确诊的胶质瘤患者,所有患者术前未接受过放疗、化疗等治疗。所有组织皆在手术中获得并立即冻存于液氮中。所有患者签署了知情同意书,本研究已通过重庆医科大学附属第三医院(捷尔医院)伦理委员会批准[科伦预审第(2021)80号]。
本实验选择T98细胞进行过表达,A172细胞进行敲除实验。转染前,先将细胞种在6孔板中,当细胞密度达到70%时去除培养基,向每个无菌EP管中加入95 μL无血清培养基、5 μL质粒(浓度为20 μmol/L)及5 μL转染试剂Lipofectamine 3000。轻柔混匀后,将混合物在18~25 ℃下孵育20 min。随后在6孔板中每孔加入800 μL无血清培养基,将上述混合物轻柔地加入每孔并轻轻混匀。将6孔板放入37 ℃含有5%CO2 的恒温培养箱中孵育6 h后更换新鲜的完全培养基,再孵育48 h后进行后续qRT‑PCR、CCK-8、划痕愈合、Transwell和Western blot实验。
使用TRIzol试剂盒提取细胞系和组织中的总RNA,用紫外分光光度计测量总RNA的浓度和纯度。使用反转录试剂盒在98 °C下10 min合成cDNA,在 qRT-PCR 仪上进行扩增。PCR总反应体系:10 μL SYBR PremixExTaq-Ⅱ(2×),0.5 μL上游引物,0.5 μL下游引物,0.4 μL ROX Reference Dye(50×),2 μL cDNA模板,6 μL无核酸酶水。反应条件:95 ℃预变性2 min;95 ℃变性10 s、58 ℃退火30 s,循环40次;72 ℃延伸30 s。以GAPDH和U6作为内参,并使用2-ΔΔCt法分析结果。实验重复3次,引物序列见表1。
收集转染后的细胞,以1×103个细胞/孔的密度接种于96孔板中,每孔加入100 μL完全培养基后,分别培养1、2、3、4 d后加入CCK-8溶液10 μL(Sigma,德国),于37 ℃下孵育2 h。使用酶标仪检测不同培养时间点细胞在450 nm波长下的光密度值[OD(450)]。实验重复3次。分别设置实验组、对照组和空白组,转染目标质粒作为实验组,转染空载质粒作为对照组,只含有培养基作为空白组。计算公示如下:细胞存活率=[OD(450)实验组-OD(450)空白组]/[OD(450)对照组- OD(450)空白组]×100%。
收集转染后的细胞,以5×104个/孔的密度接种于6孔板中。待细胞密度为70%~85%时用200 μL无菌移液器吸头在细胞表面垂直划一条直线,用PBS洗掉因划痕而脱落的细胞后,加入新鲜培养基,拍摄0 h划痕的宽度。继续培养24 h后,拍摄划痕宽度,与0 h的细胞划痕进行比对,并计算细胞划痕愈合率。拍照时,每孔随机选取3个视野,每个视野随机选3个位点测量,取其平均值作为划痕宽度。实验重复3次。愈合率=(划痕宽度0 h-划痕宽度24 h)/划痕宽度0 h×100%。
迁移实验:收集转染后的细胞,以1×104个/孔的密度接种至Transwell小室的上室中,加入200 μL无血清DEME培养基后,吸取500 μL含10%FBS的培养基加入下室,在37 ℃培养箱中孵育24 h。用棉签轻轻擦拭上室中未穿过膜的细胞,用PBS清洗小室3次后,用4%多聚甲醇固定10 min,PBS清洗3次,用0.1%结晶紫染色,15 min后用PBS清洗3次,将小室置于显微镜下观察迁移细胞数量,每孔随机计数3个视野,取其平均数。
侵袭实验:将基质胶按照1∶8的体积比例进行稀释,加入Transwell上室,并在37 °C下孵育30 min使其充分附着和固化,后续步骤同上述迁移实验一致。以上实验均重复3次。
分别将miR-135b-5p与GAS5野生型(wild type,WT)或GAS5突变型(MUT)、miR-135b-5p与APC 3'-UTR WT或APC 3'-UTR MUT预测结合序列扩增,并克隆到pmirGLO双荧光素酶载体中,构建荧光素酶报告载体。利用LipofectamineTM 3000试剂将这些报告基因与miR-135b-5p模拟物或模拟物阴性对照(mimic_NC)共转染。48 h后使用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统试剂盒(Promega)测定荧光素酶活性。实验重复3次。
收集细胞与组织后,加入含蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF的RIPA裂解液裂解,在4 °C下以12 000 r/min离心10 min,取其上清,使用BCA试剂盒测定总蛋白浓度。加入上样缓冲液,用水浴锅100 °C加热 10 min使蛋白变性。取25 μg蛋白在10%SDS-PAGE 上分离(90 V,90 min),电转到 PVDF膜上(300 mA,60 min),将膜放置于含有5%脱脂牛奶的盒子中,室温摇床封闭1 h。将膜与相应的一抗在4 °C下摇床孵育过夜。用TBST连续洗膜3次每次10 min,加入二抗,在摇床上室温孵育1 h,TBST洗膜3次每次10 min,使用凝胶成像系统采集蛋白图片,用Image J软件对目的条带的灰度值进行相对定量分析。实验重复3次。
所有数据均使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件分析,3次重复实验的符合正态分布的计量资料以x¯±s表示。两组间比较采用配对样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。P<0.05表示为差异具有统计学意义。
通过CGGA (http://www.cgga.org.cn/)数据库进行数据分析表明,GAS5低表达的胶质瘤患者的生存率显著降低(P<0.001,图1A)。qRT‑PCR结果显示,与正常人星形胶质细胞相比,胶质瘤细胞中的GAS5表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);与癌旁组织比较,GAS5在胶质瘤组织中的表达水平显著降低(P<0.01,图1B、C)。
在T98和A172细胞中过表达和敲低GAS5,Western blot结果显示,与vector 组比较,GAS5过表达组中GAS5蛋白表达水平明显上升(P<0.01),而转染sh-GAS5组的GAS5蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.01,图2A)。通过CCK-8和Transwell检测细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。与vector 组比较,T98细胞过表达GAS5后其增殖、迁移和侵袭能力被抑制(P<0.01);与sh-NC组比较,A172细胞敲低GAS5后其增殖、迁移和侵袭能力增强(P<0.01,图2B~D)。结果表明GAS5的过表达可有效抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。
通过Starbase v2.0生物数据检索与lncRNA GAS5相关的miRNAs,发现 GAS5与miR-135b-5p有互补序列(图3A)。进一步通过双荧光素酶实验验证表明,与mimic_NC组相比,A172细胞转染miR-135b-5p_mimics后GAS5-MUT组未发生显著改变,而GAS5-WT组细胞的荧光素酶活性受到显著抑制(P<0.001,图3B)。qRT-PCR结果显示,与NHA细胞相比,胶质瘤细胞LN229、U251、T98、A172中miR-135b-5p的mRNA水平显著升高(P<0.05,图3C)。此外,qRT-PCR 分析显示,与vector组比较,过表达GAS5导致miR-135b-5p表达下调(P<0.001,图3D);与sh-NC组比较,敲低GAS5导致miR-135b-5p表达升高(P<0.001,图3E)。对胶质瘤组织进行qRT-PCR检测,显示GAS5和miR-135b-5p的mRNA表达呈负相关(P=0.019,图3F)。
为了进一步研究GAS5和miR-135b-5p在胶质瘤进展中的作用,构建了miR-135b-5p的过表达质粒。qRT-PCR结果表明,过表达后miR-135b-5p的mRNA水平显著升高(P<0.001,图4A)。通过挽救实验探究GAS5对miR-135b-5p的调控作用,结果表明,GAS5+miR-135b-5p_mimics组细胞活力显著高于GAS5组(P<0.01,图4B)。而共转染GAS5和miR-135b-5p_mimics可有效恢复细胞因GAS5过表达所削弱的迁移和侵袭能力(P<0.01,图4C、D)。上述研究结果表明,GAS5通过靶向miR-135b-5p调控胶质瘤细胞的生物学功能。
通过文献回顾和生物信息学数据库预测发现,APC的3'UTR在序列上具有miR-135b-5p的结合靶点(图5A)。通过双荧光素酶实验验证APC与miR-135b-5p结合的可能。与mimic_NC组相比,A172细胞转染miR-135b-5p_mimics后APC-MUT组未发生显著改变,而APC-WT组细胞的荧光素酶活性受到显著抑制(P<0.001,图5B),提示miR-135b-5p与APC之间存在相互作用。qRT-PCR检测发现与NHA细胞相比,胶质瘤细胞LN229、U251、T98、A172中APC的mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.001,图5C)。通过TCGA数据库分析显示,胶质瘤样本中GAS5与APC的mRNA表达无显著相关性(P=0.085 6,图5D)。Western blot实验结果表明,过表达miR-135b-5p后APC蛋白水平显著下调(P<0.001),而敲低miR-135b-5p后APC蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.001,图5E)。此外,GAS5的过表达会促进APC的表达(P<0.01),而GAS5和miR-135b-5p_mimics共转染则会削弱此促进作用(P<0.01,图5F)。以上结果表明APC是miR-135b-5p的调控靶点,GAS5 通过海绵化 miR-135b-5p 间接促进 APC的表达。
通过qRT-PCR实验检测在T98 细胞中过表达APC后其mRNA水平显著升高 (P<0.001,图6A)。通过CCK-8、划痕实验、Transwell实验证明,过表达miR-135b-5p 可显著促进T98细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭(P<0.01),而共转染APC后削弱了此促进作用(P<0.001,图 6B~D)。
胶质瘤是成人最常见的原发性脑肿瘤之一[26],表观遗传学改变,包括DNA甲基化和转录后修饰,在胶质瘤的病因和生物学中发挥重要作用[27]。近年来,胶质瘤的分子标志物,如O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,MGMT)、PTEN、异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)在预测治疗结果、预后和诊断方面变得越来越重要[28]。肿瘤靶向治疗是一种新的胶质瘤治疗策略,它使用药物或其他物质来识别和摧毁癌细胞,而不影响健康细胞的生存[29]。目前,胶质瘤的治疗效果与预后仍不尽人意,还需探索潜在靶点并阐明其相关调控机制为胶质瘤的治疗提供新的策略。GAS5是一种具有抑癌作用的长链非编码RNA,在多种肿瘤中被抑制,包括肺癌、胶质瘤、胃癌、前列腺癌等[15]。有研究证明,GAS5过表达通过调控miR-21/PTEN/Akt轴使A549细胞对放疗增敏[30]。另一篇研究发现,GAS5可通过抑制miR-221-3p和上调IRF2调控非小细胞肺癌的进展[31]。目前大量研究普遍认为,GAS5在胶质瘤细胞中呈低水平表达,且当胶质瘤为低级别时,GAS5的下调可作为不良预后的预测预警因子[32-34]。本研究证实GAS5可有效抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并证实 GAS5的表达与胶质瘤患者的生存率密切相关。
大量研究表明,通过RNA 测序在脑胶质瘤中发现了大量异常表达的miRNA,证明miRNA可能与胶质瘤的形成和恶化有关[35-36]。LncRNA通常充当 miRNA 的海绵从而在肿瘤中发挥调控作用。例如,GAS5可以通过靶向多种miRNA分子调控细胞中的多种生理与病理过程[37-38]。JIN等[39]通过体外小鼠实验研究发现GAS5通过促进miR-424的表达抑制胶质瘤细胞的进展从而抑制异种移植物的生长。本研究通过一系列的体外细胞实验验证了miR-135b-5p是GAS5的下游靶基因,且二者之间存在负调控作用,并发现miR-135b-5p在胶质瘤细胞中的表达水平明显高于NHA细胞。然而,由于多个数据库缺少miR-135b-5p在胶质瘤临床样本中的表达数据,限制了研究结果的进一步验证。此外,miR-135b还可以抑制肿瘤的发展并逆转肿瘤的耐药情况[40-42]。虽然miR-135b-5p在多种癌症中通过调控各类靶基因表达来介导肿瘤的进展,但其在胶质瘤中的作用尚未报道。本研究发现 miR-135b-5p 在胶质瘤组织和细胞中的表达升高,并促进胶质瘤细胞的恶性表型。此外,miR-135b-5p的过表达逆转了GAS5对胶质瘤细胞的生物功能作用。基于这些结果,本研究认为miR-135b-5p在胶质瘤中是一个促肿癌基因,GAS5通过海绵化miR-135b-5p调控胶质瘤的生物学功能。
MiRNA 通过靶向mRNA的3'-UTR区域在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要的调控作用。WANG等[43]证明miR-135b-5p过表达通过直接降解整合素亚基α2(integrin α2,ITGA2)的mRNA来降低胃癌的化疗耐药性。LI等[44]提出miR-135b-5p可下调PPM1E来激活AMPK信号,从而通过抑制ROS产生和NF-κB活化来抑制LPS诱导的TNF-α产生。JIN等[45]已经证实miR-135b可以通过Wnt通路影响肿瘤转移。miR-135b上调导致的APC缺失与结直肠癌、乳腺癌和胃癌的发生发展密切相关[46-48]。在胶质瘤细胞中,发现APC是miR-135b-5p的靶基因,且APC随着miR-135b-5p的过表达而降低,该调控机制在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中也得到了验证。此外,本研究证实过表达GAS5促进APC的表达,但这种作用被miR-135b-5p的过表达逆转。同时,TCGA数据库分析显示,胶质瘤临床样本中GAS5与APC的表达无显著相关性。APC通常被认为是Wnt通路的负调节基因,本研究尚未探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的变化,后续将讨论和设计独立于Wnt通路调节机制的验证实验。
本研究通过一系列的体外实验揭示了GAS5通过海绵化miR-135b-5p和调节APC影响胶质瘤进展的分子机制,这对于阐明胶质瘤发生发展的机制具有重要意义。此外,本研究为胶质瘤患者的预后评估提供了初步的参考依据,也为胶质瘤的临床多靶点治疗提供了新的思路和方向。同时,GAS5在胶质瘤细胞化疗耐药、细胞凋亡、细胞周期进展和免疫逃避等方面的调控功能仍有待后续进一步的研究。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202408010
  • 接收时间:2024-08-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-03
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    1重庆医科大学附属第三医院神经疾病中心,重庆

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‍冀建文,E-mail:
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