Article(id=1322934485662179925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934434474885947, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719849600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-02, revisedDate=1726243200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341760316, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341760316, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341760316, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341760316, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934434474885947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='99', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341748111, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341748111, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=82, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934485922226775, articleId=1322934485662179925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Mechanism of abnormal specification of spermatogonial stem cells after Rb1 knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the underlying mechanism of abnormal specification of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in male mice following Rb1 conditional knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia.

Methods‍

① R language was used to analyze the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of prospermatogonia derived from postnatal day 0.5 (P0.5) male mice through the gene expression omnibus (GEO) public database (accession number:GSE124904). ② Mitoti-arrested prospermatogonia Rb1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice as well as Rb1 cKO mice with Id4-gfptransgene were generated using Vasa-Cre mice crossed with Rb1flox/flox or Id4-gfpTg;Rb1flox/flox mice. PCR was employed to detect the deletion of Rb1 in order todistinguish the control and cKOmale mice. The testes of male mice (n=3~8) within a few days after birth were collected. After that,flow cytometry was applied to divide the ID4-GFP cells into 3 communities based on the GFP fluorescence intensity,and then detect the number of cells and cell cycle in each community. ③ Germ cell proliferation (Ki67 positive,Ki67+),SSCs specification (FOXO1 nuclear transition),and germ cell differentiation (STRA8+) were detected with immunofluorescence staining. ④ TUNEL staining was utilized to detect cell apoptosis.

Results‍

① The results of scRNA-seq showed that in the two set clusters of prospermatogonia,the prospermatogonia that further specifies to generate SSCs had enriched genes that are associated with cell proliferation. ② Germ cell proliferation assay indicated that the average ratio of Ki67+ germ cells in the testicular cross-section of the cKO mice was significantly higher than that of the control mice at P2.5 [(46.10±6.21)% vs (11.22±3.27)%,P<0.01]. ③ Flow cytometry revealed that,among the brightest community of ID4-GFP cells,the percentage of the cells at S phase was obviously higher in the testicular cells derived from the cKO mice when compared to the control mice at P2.5 [(12.05±1.22)% vs (5.05±1.46)%,P<0.05].④ TUNEL staining displayed that cell apoptosis was detected in the testicular cross-section of cKO mice rather than that of the control mice. ⑤ The results of SSCs specification exploration showed that statistical difference was observed in the percentage of cytoplasmic FOXO1 in the testicular cross-section between the control and cKO mice [(20.57±2.15)% vs (45.08±2.45)%,P<0.01].

Conclusion‍

Rb1 knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia disrupts their postnatal cell cycle re-enter and induces cell apoptosis,which further results in abnormal SSC specification.

, authors=Xinling CHEN1, 2, Yixuan LONG1, Guihua DU1, 2, authorsList=Xinling CHEN, Yixuan LONG, Guihua DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guihua DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934487574782567, articleId=1322934485662179925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=静息期精原前体细胞Rb1基因敲除致精原干细胞特化异常机制初探, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨静息期精原前体细胞Rb1敲除致雄鼠精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)特化异常的调控机制。

方法

①用R对在基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)(GEO登记号:GSE124904)获取的出生后0.5 d(postnatal day 0.5,P0.5)雄鼠精原前体细胞单细胞测序数据进行分析。②用Vasa-Cre工具鼠与Rb1flox/flox(或Id4-gfpTg;Rb1flox/flox)小鼠配繁构建静息期精原前体细胞Rb1条件性敲除(conditional knock out,cKO)雄鼠或带ID4绿色荧光(ID4-GFP)的Rb1 cKO雄鼠,通过PCR基因鉴定判断生殖细胞Rb1敲除情况以区分cKO雄鼠与对照(Con)。采集出生后数天内的小鼠 (n=3~8)睾丸,利用流式细胞术基于细胞荧光强度将ID4-GFP细胞均分为3个群落,检测各个群落细胞数量和细胞周期。③免疫荧光染色检测生殖细胞增殖(Ki67+)、SSCs特化(FOXO1胞核转换)和生殖细胞分化(STRA8+)情况。④TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡。

结果

①单细胞测序数据分析显示:在P0.5精原前体细胞的2类细胞中,与细胞增殖相关的基因在将特化为精原干细胞的那一群细胞中富集表达。②生殖细胞增殖情况检测表明:P2.5时,对照[(11.22±3.27)%]与cKO小鼠[(46.10±6.21)%)]小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞Ki67+占比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③流式细胞术分析表明:P2.5对照[(5.05±1.46)%]与cKO[(12.05±2.22)%]小鼠睾丸ID4-GFP荧光强度最强的那群细胞处于S期的占比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④TUNEL染色显示cKO组而非对照组小鼠睾丸横切面检测到细胞发生凋亡。⑤SSCs特化标志检测结果显示对照[(20.57±2.15)%]和cKO[(45.08±2.45)%]小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞FOXO1位于细胞质的占比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论

静息期精原前体细胞Rb1敲除使其出生后细胞周期恢复紊乱、凋亡发生,导致SSCs特化异常。

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杜桂花,E-mail:
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Stem Cell Res,2018,29:129-133., articleTitle=Functional assessment of spermatogonial stem cell purity in experimental cell populations, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934487830635112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934487843218025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, companyId=1322934487830635112, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology,School of Public Health, Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934487847412330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, companyId=1322934487830635112, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南昌大学:公共卫生学院劳动卫生与毒理学教研室,江西 南昌)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934487931298411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934487943881324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, companyId=1322934487931298411, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934487952269933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, companyId=1322934487931298411, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南昌大学:疾病预防与公共卫生江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934491286741646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HELCaAKRGkChqx2FaLYN4w==, figureFileBig=Zfgs69gYGUUgwv+49GUxIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934491370627727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=CN, label=图1, caption=P0.5精原前体细胞scRNA-seq数据分析

A:P0.5精原前体细胞scRNA-seq细胞分群;B:干细胞相关标志基因在2个群落表达Violin plot图;C:群落1高表达差异基因通路分析cnet图;D:GO分析基于P值筛选出的生物学过程(BP)、细胞组分(CC)和分子功能(MF)前十条目;E:Mki67和Rb1表达UMAP图;F:促增殖相关基因在两个群落表达Violin plot图

, figureFileSmall=HELCaAKRGkChqx2FaLYN4w==, figureFileBig=Zfgs69gYGUUgwv+49GUxIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934491555177104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OPxg/EjSYi63shSff8wA1Q==, figureFileBig=cXFKofsC34SucPaOvJcegA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934491626480273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=CN, label=图2, caption=RB1缺失对精原前体细胞细胞周期恢复的影响(n=3~4)

A:P1.5~2.5小鼠睾丸横切面精原前体细胞(TRA98+)中处于增殖状态(Ki67+)的免疫荧光共染典型图 △:示Ki67+生殖细胞;B:定量分析 a:P<0.01,与Con比较

, figureFileSmall=OPxg/EjSYi63shSff8wA1Q==, figureFileBig=cXFKofsC34SucPaOvJcegA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934491714560658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zQWVqDZa19KcS545Mdgs+Q==, figureFileBig=oiFt2EncxQsZ/qD8ffhMBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934491802641043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=CN, label=图3, caption=RB1缺失对小鼠睾丸ID4-GFP细胞细胞周期的影响(n=3~5)

a:P<0.05,与Con比较A:ID4-GFP小鼠睾丸生精小管典型图;B:ID4-GFP细胞分群示意图;C~E:P1.5~P6.5小鼠睾丸ID4-GFPBright、ID4-GFPMid和ID4-GFPDim分别处于G0/G1、S和G2/M期的细胞占比;F:免疫荧光共染检测P2.5 ID4-GFP小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞(TRA98+)细胞增殖(Ki67+)情况典型图 ☆:示Ki67-;△:示Ki67+

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a:P<0.05,与Con比较A:P1.5~3.5小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞(TRA98)免疫荧光染色典型图;B:P1.5~3.5小鼠睾丸横切面单位管腔生殖细胞数量统计;C~E:P1.5~P6.5小鼠睾丸ID4-GFPBright、ID4-GFPMid和ID4-GFPDim细胞数量统计;F:P2.5小鼠睾丸横切面TUNEL染色典型图 △:示凋亡细胞

, figureFileSmall=3azGGuTaA+PzHhPvYEnO9w==, figureFileBig=+7yi+PiEVYRDgYGW9dafeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934492008161942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GN4C95eq4QCnIpH+DT4zLw==, figureFileBig=kTgvRCEE8dm9Z3wdWx37QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934492062687895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=CN, label=图5, caption=RB1缺失对精原前体细胞特化为SSCs的影响(n=3~8)

a:P<0.01,与Con比较;△:示双荧光阳性细胞A:P3.5小鼠睾丸横切面ZBTB16和FOXO1免疫荧光共染典型图;B:ZBTB16+细胞中FOXO1位于细胞质的百分比;C:P6.5小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞(TRA98+)STRA8染色典型图;D:睾丸横切面生殖细胞中STRA8+百分比

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引物名引物序列 (5'―3')产物/bp
Rb1fl/fl正向:CTCATGGACTAGGTTAAGTTGTGGflox:201
反向:GCATTTAATTGTCCCCTAATCCWT:163
Id4-gfpTg正向:AAGTTCATCTGCACCACCG180
反向:TCCTTGAAGAAGATGGTGCG
Vasa-Cre-Control正向:CTAGGCCACAGAATTGAAAGATCT324
反向:GTAGGTGGAAATTCTAGCATCATCC
Vasa-Cre-transgene正向:CACGTGCAGCCGTTTAAGCCGCGT240
反向:TTCCCATTCTAAACAACACCCTGAA
), ArticleFig(id=1322934492339511963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基因鉴定引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名引物序列 (5'―3')产物/bp
Rb1fl/fl正向:CTCATGGACTAGGTTAAGTTGTGGflox:201
反向:GCATTTAATTGTCCCCTAATCCWT:163
Id4-gfpTg正向:AAGTTCATCTGCACCACCG180
反向:TCCTTGAAGAAGATGGTGCG
Vasa-Cre-Control正向:CTAGGCCACAGAATTGAAAGATCT324
反向:GTAGGTGGAAATTCTAGCATCATCC
Vasa-Cre-transgene正向:CACGTGCAGCCGTTTAAGCCGCGT240
反向:TTCCCATTCTAAACAACACCCTGAA
), ArticleFig(id=1322934492419203740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤温度时间循环数
194 ℃2 min1
294 ℃20 s10
(每个循环降0.5 ℃)
起始65 ℃15 s
68 ℃10 s
394 ℃15 s28
60 ℃15 s
72 ℃10 s
410 ℃Hold1
), ArticleFig(id=1322934492490506909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PCR扩增程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤温度时间循环数
194 ℃2 min1
294 ℃20 s10
(每个循环降0.5 ℃)
起始65 ℃15 s
68 ℃10 s
394 ℃15 s28
60 ℃15 s
72 ℃10 s
410 ℃Hold1
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静息期精原前体细胞Rb1基因敲除致精原干细胞特化异常机制初探
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陈新玲 1, 2 , 龙旖璇 1 , 杜桂花 1, 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(1): 82-91
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (1) : 82 -91
静息期精原前体细胞Rb1基因敲除致精原干细胞特化异常机制初探
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[Author(id=1322934488023573103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322934488111653491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934485662179925, authorId=1322934488023573103, language=EN, stringName=Xinling CHEN, firstName=Xinling, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology,School of Public Health, Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,China
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陈新玲1, 2, 龙旖璇1, 杜桂花1, 2
作者信息
  • 1南昌大学:公共卫生学院劳动卫生与毒理学教研室,江西 南昌
  • 2南昌大学:疾病预防与公共卫生江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌
通讯作者:
杜桂花,E-mail:
DU Guihua,E-mail:
Mechanism of abnormal specification of spermatogonial stem cells after Rb1 knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia
Xinling CHEN1, 2, Yixuan LONG1, Guihua DU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology,School of Public Health, Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,China
  • 2Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407013
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目的

探讨静息期精原前体细胞Rb1敲除致雄鼠精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)特化异常的调控机制。

方法

①用R对在基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)(GEO登记号:GSE124904)获取的出生后0.5 d(postnatal day 0.5,P0.5)雄鼠精原前体细胞单细胞测序数据进行分析。②用Vasa-Cre工具鼠与Rb1flox/flox(或Id4-gfpTg;Rb1flox/flox)小鼠配繁构建静息期精原前体细胞Rb1条件性敲除(conditional knock out,cKO)雄鼠或带ID4绿色荧光(ID4-GFP)的Rb1 cKO雄鼠,通过PCR基因鉴定判断生殖细胞Rb1敲除情况以区分cKO雄鼠与对照(Con)。采集出生后数天内的小鼠 (n=3~8)睾丸,利用流式细胞术基于细胞荧光强度将ID4-GFP细胞均分为3个群落,检测各个群落细胞数量和细胞周期。③免疫荧光染色检测生殖细胞增殖(Ki67+)、SSCs特化(FOXO1胞核转换)和生殖细胞分化(STRA8+)情况。④TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡。

结果

①单细胞测序数据分析显示:在P0.5精原前体细胞的2类细胞中,与细胞增殖相关的基因在将特化为精原干细胞的那一群细胞中富集表达。②生殖细胞增殖情况检测表明:P2.5时,对照[(11.22±3.27)%]与cKO小鼠[(46.10±6.21)%)]小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞Ki67+占比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③流式细胞术分析表明:P2.5对照[(5.05±1.46)%]与cKO[(12.05±2.22)%]小鼠睾丸ID4-GFP荧光强度最强的那群细胞处于S期的占比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④TUNEL染色显示cKO组而非对照组小鼠睾丸横切面检测到细胞发生凋亡。⑤SSCs特化标志检测结果显示对照[(20.57±2.15)%]和cKO[(45.08±2.45)%]小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞FOXO1位于细胞质的占比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论

静息期精原前体细胞Rb1敲除使其出生后细胞周期恢复紊乱、凋亡发生,导致SSCs特化异常。

精原前体细胞  /  Rb1  /  精原干细胞  /  特化  /  细胞增殖  /  细胞凋亡
Objective‍

To investigate the underlying mechanism of abnormal specification of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in male mice following Rb1 conditional knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia.

Methods‍

① R language was used to analyze the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of prospermatogonia derived from postnatal day 0.5 (P0.5) male mice through the gene expression omnibus (GEO) public database (accession number:GSE124904). ② Mitoti-arrested prospermatogonia Rb1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice as well as Rb1 cKO mice with Id4-gfptransgene were generated using Vasa-Cre mice crossed with Rb1flox/flox or Id4-gfpTg;Rb1flox/flox mice. PCR was employed to detect the deletion of Rb1 in order todistinguish the control and cKOmale mice. The testes of male mice (n=3~8) within a few days after birth were collected. After that,flow cytometry was applied to divide the ID4-GFP cells into 3 communities based on the GFP fluorescence intensity,and then detect the number of cells and cell cycle in each community. ③ Germ cell proliferation (Ki67 positive,Ki67+),SSCs specification (FOXO1 nuclear transition),and germ cell differentiation (STRA8+) were detected with immunofluorescence staining. ④ TUNEL staining was utilized to detect cell apoptosis.

Results‍

① The results of scRNA-seq showed that in the two set clusters of prospermatogonia,the prospermatogonia that further specifies to generate SSCs had enriched genes that are associated with cell proliferation. ② Germ cell proliferation assay indicated that the average ratio of Ki67+ germ cells in the testicular cross-section of the cKO mice was significantly higher than that of the control mice at P2.5 [(46.10±6.21)% vs (11.22±3.27)%,P<0.01]. ③ Flow cytometry revealed that,among the brightest community of ID4-GFP cells,the percentage of the cells at S phase was obviously higher in the testicular cells derived from the cKO mice when compared to the control mice at P2.5 [(12.05±1.22)% vs (5.05±1.46)%,P<0.05].④ TUNEL staining displayed that cell apoptosis was detected in the testicular cross-section of cKO mice rather than that of the control mice. ⑤ The results of SSCs specification exploration showed that statistical difference was observed in the percentage of cytoplasmic FOXO1 in the testicular cross-section between the control and cKO mice [(20.57±2.15)% vs (45.08±2.45)%,P<0.01].

Conclusion‍

Rb1 knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia disrupts their postnatal cell cycle re-enter and induces cell apoptosis,which further results in abnormal SSC specification.

prospermatogonia  /  Rb1  /  spermatogonial stem cells  /  specification  /  cell proliferation  /  cell apoptosis
陈新玲, 龙旖璇, 杜桂花. 静息期精原前体细胞Rb1基因敲除致精原干细胞特化异常机制初探. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (1) : 82 -91 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407013
Xinling CHEN, Yixuan LONG, Guihua DU. Mechanism of abnormal specification of spermatogonial stem cells after Rb1 knockout in mitotic-arrested prospermatogonia[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (1) : 82 -91 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407013
精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)是一群具备自我更新和分化,支持哺乳动物雄性终身精子发生的生殖干细胞[1]。SSCs分化产生的精子,通过与卵细胞结合将父代信息传至子代并以此为基础维持种族延续。WHO报告显示,世界范围内17.5%成年人不孕不育,其中50%由男性因素引起[2]。而SSCs的形成、维持和分化障碍被认为是睾丸生殖细胞缺失和非梗阻性无精症等男性不育的主要原因。为此,对SSCs形成、维持和分化机制研究将有利于人类生育健康,并为成年男性不育临床治疗策略的开发提供理论依据。
视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白(retinoblastoma protein,RB1)作为抑癌蛋白在1986年被首次发现后[3-4],大量研究提示其对细胞周期G1/S关键控制点具有重要调控作用[5-6]。小鼠生殖系统中,RB1从胚胎期生殖脊至成年睾丸均被检测到表达且被证实具有重要作用[7-8]。当利用Blimp1-Cre、Vasa-Cre和Ngn3-Cre(或Stra8-Cre)分别对小鼠原始生殖细胞、静息期精原前体细胞和精原祖细胞(或分化精原细胞)Rb1基因进行条件性敲除(conditional knockout,cKO)后,雄鼠分别出现不育、仅存第一波精子发生和睾丸肿瘤高发的生育表型[5,9-10]。因SSCs是成年雄鼠终身精子发生的基础,推测Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1条件性敲除影响了SSCs形成,但调控机制不清楚。
前期形态学、谱系追踪和单细胞测序(single-cell RNA-sequencing,scRNA-seq)数据提示,小鼠精原前体细胞在出生后1.5~3.5 d(postnatal day 1.5~3.5,P1.5~3.5)恢复细胞周期[11-12]。此后,精原前体细胞一部分直接分化形成第一波精子,而另一部分则于P3.5前后特化为SSCs支持成年雄鼠终身精子发生[12-14]。Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除雄鼠第一波精子发生结束后,生殖细胞缺失的生精小管出现且成年雄鼠不育。由此推测Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除雄鼠精原干细胞未形成,而这是否受精原前体细胞细胞周期恢复及其特化为精原干细胞过程影响?对此,本研究在scRNA-seq数据分析的基础上,进一步利用Vasa-Cre构建Rb1条件性敲除(cKO)和对照雄鼠,并对SSCs特化前后相关分子标志和细胞周期进行检测,探索静息期精原前体细胞Rb1缺失后雄鼠SSCs特化异常的潜在原因。
Rb1flox转基因小鼠(Rb1fl,C57/B6J背景,货号#026563)和Vasa-CreTg(129/C57BL6J×FVB/N背景,货号#J006954)购于美国Jackson laboratory。Id4绿色荧光(Id4-green fluorescence,Id4-GFP)转基因小鼠(Id4-gfpTg,C57/B6J背景)源于华盛顿州立大学OATLEY教授实验室[12]。本研究过程中,小鼠饲养在南京医科大学医药动物实验中心,该动物中心是无特定病原菌的屏蔽环境。小鼠饲养在室温20~26 ℃、相对湿度40%~70%和光照/黑暗为12 h/12 h环境内,所有动物实验由南京医科大学动物伦理委员会审批(IACUC-1812013),实验所用动物饲养、护理和安乐死均遵循动物实验全程质量控制和实验动物伦理规定。
鼠尾裂解液(25 mmol/L氢氧化钠和0.2 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸)、鼠尾中和液(40 mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH= 5.0)、抗原修复液(10 mmol/L二水合柠檬酸三钠,0.05%吐温-20,pH=6.0)、4%多聚甲醛(4%PFA,pH=7.4)和DPBS-F(1%FBS,10 mmol/L HEPES,1 mmol/L丙酮酸,1%青-链霉素,1×PBS)均由实验室配置。小鼠基因鉴定试剂盒购置于诺维赞,OCT组织包埋剂源于SAKURA公司,TUNEL试剂盒购于Promega公司,抗荧光猝灭组织封片剂(含DAPI)购于VECTASHIELD公司,FxCycle Far Red Stain购于Invitrogen。实验所用抗体为TRA98(1∶500,Abcam)、Ki67(1∶500,Abcam)、STRA8(1∶300,Abcam)、FOXO1(1∶200,CST)、ZBTB16(1∶300,R&D system),TRITC标记山羊抗大鼠、TRITC标记驴抗兔、FITC标记山羊抗兔、FITC标记驴抗山羊和Alexa fluorTM 647标记山羊抗兔均购于Life Technology(稀释比为1∶500)。
梯度PCR扩增仪(BIO-RAD),流式细胞仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific),荧光显微镜(Olympus IX51、Leica DMi8)。
为获得cKO小鼠,Rb1fl/fl雌鼠先与Vasa-CreTg雄鼠进行配繁获得Rb1半敲小鼠;Rb1半敲雄鼠再与Rb1fl/fl雌鼠进行配繁获得对照和cKO小鼠。带ID4-GFP的对照和cKO(Id4-gfpTg;Rb1 cKO)小鼠的配繁策略同上。为提高Id4-gfpTg;Rb1 cKO阳性鼠获得率,Rb1fl/fl雌鼠和Vasa-CreTg雄鼠配繁前均先与Id4-gfpTg配繁获得Id4-gfpTg;Rb1fl/fl雌鼠或Id4-gfpTg;Vasa-CreTg/+雄鼠。
利用PCR对鼠尾DNA进行基因鉴定。采集适量鼠尾组织,加入150 μL鼠尾裂解液煮沸裂解30 min后,加等体积鼠尾中和液混匀以制备基因鉴定用DNA模版。其基因鉴定所需引物和PCR产物扩增程序见表1、2。根据PCR结果:若判定小鼠睾丸生殖细胞Rb1 2个等位基因均敲除则为cKO小鼠,否则为对照(Con)小鼠。
前期研究[12]表明:P0.5生殖细胞scRNA-seq[在基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)登记号:GSE124904]数据分析发现的2个细胞分群与精原前体细胞2种细胞命运的生物学特征相吻合。为研究Rb1 cKO雄鼠SSCs未形成的原因,下载P0.5生殖细胞scRNA-seq数据进行重新分析。在分辨率设定为0.1时拟合了类似于前期证实的2个细胞群落[12,15-16]。数据在R(4.1.2)中利用Seurat软件包(5.0.3)进行降维、标记基因和差异基因分析。差异基因基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析通过DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/summary.jsp) 进行。
本研究中,小鼠出生当日视为P0.5。P1.5~6.5小鼠断头处死后在体视镜合适的放大倍数下借助组织剪和尖镊移走双后肢皮肤以暴露并分离睾丸。4%PFA、4 ℃固定24 h后,将对照和 cKO小鼠睾丸行石蜡包埋,而ID4-GFP的对照和cKO小鼠睾丸则经梯度蔗糖脱水后冰冻包埋,切片厚度为5 μm。石蜡切片脱蜡复水后于96 ℃水浴20 min进行抗原修复。为防止GFP荧光猝灭,ID4-GFP的对照和cKO小鼠睾丸切片不进行抗原修复。此后,二者染色步骤一致,均依次行2%BSA/0.1%Triton X-100/PBS室温破膜和封闭 2 h、4 ℃一抗孵育过夜、二抗常温孵育2 h。组织染色结束后进行封片,-20 ℃储存过夜,次日进行图像采集。
前期研究提示,小鼠睾丸生殖细胞中ID4表达水平与SSCs干性呈正相关,SSCs大多属于ID4-GFP荧光最强的那群细胞[17-19]。为探究Rb1 cKO雄鼠SSCs特化过程是否被影响,收集P1.5~6.5 Id4-gfpTg对照和Id4-gfpTg;Rb1 cKO小鼠睾丸。睾丸去包膜,以0.25% EDTA-胰酶37 ℃消化7 min。消化细胞进行过滤、离心和重悬。一侧睾丸细胞悬液直接上机计数,另一侧睾丸细胞悬液则离心去上清后4%PFA 37 ℃水浴固定7 min。细胞离心去上清后重悬在100 μL DPBS-F中。边震荡细胞悬液边加入900 μL 4 ℃预冷甲醇,于冰上孵育30 min对细胞进行通透处理。将细胞进行漂洗、离心后重悬在DPBS-F中,加入200 nmol/L FxCycle Far Red Stain和50 μg/mL RNase并于室温避光反应30 min。反应结束后,通过流式细胞术对其进行细胞周期分析。该实验中,ID4-GFP的3个亚群细胞根据每个样本荧光信号出现最低值和最高值之间的间距三等分进行划分,其中荧光信号最亮、中等和最暗的那部分细胞分别定义为ID4-GFPBright、ID4-GFPMid和ID4-GFPDim。
根据试剂盒说明书:石蜡切片脱蜡复水后用0.85%NaCl室温平衡10 min后经4%PFA室温二次固定15 min,以2%BSA/0.1%TritonX-100/PBS 4 ℃封闭过夜。次日,将组织切片从4 ℃取出,并在恢复常温后于37 ℃避光孵育rTdT缓冲液(45 μL平衡缓冲液、5 μL Nucleotide Mix和1 μL rTdT Enzyme)1 h。在rTdT孵育结束后滴加2×终止液室温避光反应15 min以终止rTdT孵育。结束后,用含有DAPI的封片剂对组织进行封片。
定量数据以x¯±SEM表示,并通过SPSS 26.0采用t检验或非参数检验进行分析,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。本文结果图以GrapdPad Prim 8.0、R、微生信(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)和Adobe illustrator CC 2018等软件进行制作。
对下载的scRNA-seq数据拟合了2个群落后(图1A)发现,相较于群落0,群落1高表达Etv5、Vps8、Lhx1和Ret等干细胞标志基因(图1B)。基于既往研究,定义群落1为精原干前体细胞。对精原干前体细胞高表达的差异基因行KEGG分析发现,基于P值筛选出的富集条目前2为细胞周期和DNA复制(图1C),基于 P值筛选出的GO分析生物学过程富集条目前10也主要与细胞增殖相关(图1D)。进一步分析发现,细胞增殖正相关基因如Mki67(图1E)、Ccnd2、Nasp、Mcm2和Mcm5等(图1F)在精原干前体细胞表达水平显著高于群落0。结果证实:精原干前体细胞较其余精原前体细胞具有较高增殖潜能。
P1.5、P2.5对照和cKO小鼠睾丸横切面检测结果显示:P1.5小鼠精原前体细胞中,处于增殖状态(Ki67+)的细胞占比在对照和cKO两组间均衡可比(图2)。但P2.5时,对照和cKO小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞Ki67+占比分别为(11.22±3.27)%和(46.10±6.21)%,差异在两组间具有统计学意义(P<0.01,图2)。结果表明,进入静息期后,精原前体细胞静息期的维持非RB1依赖,但其细胞周期恢复受RB1调控。
为解析细胞周期恢复异常是哪一类细胞,通过流式细胞术对ID4-GFP 3个亚群细胞进行细胞周期分析(图3A、B)。结果表明:P1.5时,对照和cKO小鼠睾丸ID4-GFP细胞绝大部分处于G0/G1期(图3C~E)。在P2.5时,对照和cKO小鼠睾丸分别有(5.05±1.46)%和(12.05±2.22)%的ID4-GFPBright细胞处于S期,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3C)。收集P2.5 Id4-gfpTg;Rb1 cKO小鼠睾丸进行验证表明,与流式分析结果吻合的是,P2.5时,对照小鼠睾丸横切面大部分ID4-GFPBright为Ki67阴性(Ki67-),但cKO小鼠睾丸横切面ID4-GFPBright大多为Ki67+(图3F)。结合P0.5生殖细胞scRNA-seq数据分析结果表明:当细胞周期关键调控蛋白RB1缺失后,精原前体细胞中具有更高增殖潜能的精原干前体细胞(即ID4-GFPBright)更易发生细胞周期紊乱(图1)。此外,本研究结果还显示在P3.5或P6.5时,cKO小鼠睾丸较对照有更高比例的ID4-GFPMid处于S期或G2/M期(图3D)。
生殖细胞染色、计数表明:P2.5 cKO小鼠睾丸横切面单位管腔生殖细胞数量较对照显著增多;但P3.5时,cKO小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞数量较对照显著减少(图4A、B,P<0.05)。流式细胞计数表明:P2.5时,cKO小鼠睾丸ID4-GFP各亚群细胞数量与对照无统计学差异,但P3.5时,cKO小鼠睾丸ID4-GFPBright和ID4-GFPMid细胞较对照显著减少(P<0.05,图4C~E)。TUNEL染色表明,在P2.5时,对照并未检测到凋亡,但cKO小鼠睾丸横切面每个视野可检测到3~4个阳性信号,发生凋亡的细胞位置和形态与该时期生殖细胞特征相吻合(图4F)。
2组小鼠睾丸横切面ZBTB16、FOXO1共染结果表明:P3.5时已可检测到未分化精原细胞标志蛋白ZBTB16表达(图5A),且cKO小鼠FOXO1细胞质占比为(45.08±2.45)%,显著高于对照(20.57±2.15)%
(P<0.01,图5A、B)。提示精原前体细胞细胞周期恢复紊乱影响其特化为SSCs。而P6.52组小鼠睾丸横切面生殖细胞STRA8占比差异无统计学意义(图5C、D)。
作为一个功能复杂的抑癌蛋白,RB1可调控细胞周期、细胞分化和细胞凋亡[6,20-21],而其功能也因细胞处于不同状态而异[22]。前期研究表明,自原始生殖细胞起Rb1基因敲除影响精原前体细胞进入胚胎静息期,生殖细胞在P3.5特化为SSCs前完全丢失致雄鼠不育[5]。当利用Vasa-Cre对静息期精原前体细胞Rb1进行敲除后,雄鼠仅存在第一波精子发生,且成年雄鼠睾丸异常管腔表现为无生殖细胞[9-10],但具体机制不清楚。SSCs是支持成年雄鼠终身精子发生的基础,推断Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除致雄鼠精原干细胞池未形成。支持该推断的是,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除雄鼠精原前体细胞FOXO1胞核转换发生紊乱,这意味着其SSCs特化过程存在异常[23-24]。scRNA-seq信息结合ID4-GFP流式3个亚群细胞周期分析发现,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除使精原前体细胞(特别是ID4-GFPBright细胞)细胞周期恢复紊乱并致凋亡发生。其中,细胞凋亡的发生与哺乳动物生殖细胞发展过程高度保守以维持种群稳定这一原则[25-26]是吻合的。此外,在P3.5或P6.5时,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除雄鼠睾丸被检测到更多的ID4-GFPMid细胞处于增殖状态。这可能是前期研究发现,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除致P10.5小鼠睾丸ZBTB16+细胞较对照增多的原因[10]。本研究发现,P2.5时,通过免疫荧光染色和流式细胞分析得到的细胞计数结果不一致。这可能是流式分析前,组织酶解消化致凋亡细胞碎片化,而对细胞计数产生一定影响。
精原干前体细胞产后细胞周期恢复紊乱发生后,除细胞凋亡外,是否有部分细胞进入分化?为回答这个问题,本研究检测生殖细胞开始分化时(P6.5)生殖细胞分化情况。结果发现,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除后,P6.5 cKO雄性睾丸生殖细胞STRA8+百分比与对照均衡可比,这否认了其走向分化的推断。另外,根据小鼠生育力检测数据,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除雄鼠仅有的一窝仔鼠,其数量与同期对照仔鼠数量均衡可比[9-10],这也在一定程度上说明未成功特化为SSCs的精原前体细胞并未进入分化。当然也有另一个可能,即正常特化为SSCs的精原前体细胞在出生后进入了精原祖细胞的命运,既不贡献于雄鼠第一波精子发生也不作为干细胞支持成年雄鼠终身精子发生。这个概念吻合了前期研究基于scRNA-seq提出P3.5~6.5雄性生殖细胞有着3种不同细胞命运的推断[12],但这需要未来相关实验去证实。目前,对于精原前体细胞特化为SSCs的促发因素及其机制并不清楚,SSCs仅是成年睾丸生殖细胞中占比0.03%的一群细胞[27]。虽然,OATLEY等[18,28]证实ID4表达水平与SSCs干性呈正相关,SSCs大多属于ID4-GFPBright,但现有的SSCs分子标志并不确切,无法通过其表达有无区分SSCs。本研究流式分析中,对ID4-GFP的3个亚群是根据荧光强度三等分划分的,这导致无法根据ID4-GFP的3个亚群细胞数目变化推断,Vasa-Cre介导的Rb1敲除雄鼠精原干前体细胞在特化为SSCs之前是全部耗竭,还是部分凋亡、部分失去自我更新的能力成为精原祖细胞。未来,当通过对应的方法学,如谱序追踪、分子消融和移植实验等,探索精原前体细胞特化为SSCs的驱动因子及潜在机制,或证实某一蛋白明确标识SSCs时,本研究尚存的问题可能会得到解决。
综上,本研究利用条件性敲除小鼠发现,RB1是精原前体细胞细胞周期正常恢复及特化为SSCs所必须的,RB1缺失致精原前体细胞周期恢复紊乱、凋亡发生,这可导致SSCs特化异常、生殖干细胞池未形成和成年后睾丸无精(图6)。

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2025年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407013
  • 接收时间:2024-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-02
  • 修回日期:2024-09-14
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    1南昌大学:公共卫生学院劳动卫生与毒理学教研室,江西 南昌
    2南昌大学:疾病预防与公共卫生江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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