Article(id=1322934468314529870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934434474885947, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=1723564800000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341756179, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341756179, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341756179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341756179, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934434474885947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='99', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341748111, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341748111, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=60, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934468553605200, articleId=1322934468314529870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Circular RNA circ-Olfm1 induces progression of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating FOXO3a, columnId=1320435149808980440, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Neuroscience, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the role of circular RNAs (circRNA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its potential mechanism.

Methods‍

Six-month-old APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild type (WT) mice were subjected and then randomly divided into WT group, WT+ circ-Olfm1 knockout group, AD group (transgenic APP/PS1 mice), AD+ circ-Olfm1 knockout group, AD+FOXO3a knockout group, with 3 mice in each group. ① The total RNA of mouse brain was extracted, and the differential expression of circRNAs and mRNAs between the AD mice and WT mice was detected, and the obtained circRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed with gene ontology (GO) analysis. ② RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of the top 10 up-regulated and down-regulated circRNAs, as well as the expression of circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p. ③ Lentiviral vectors were prepared and stereotaxically injected into the cortex or hippocampus of WT and AD mice to knock out circ-Olfm1 gene. Water maze test was used to evaluate the effect of circ-Olfm1 knockout on cognitive function, and immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque in the brain. ④ The interaction between circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p was verified by double luciferase reporter gene analysis. ⑤ The protein levels of AMPK and FOXO3a were detected by Western blotting. ⑥ Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the mitochondria of the hippocampus. ⑦ The levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.

Results‍

There were totally 52 differentially expressed circRNAs identified between the AD and WT mice, including 28 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated (fold change >1.5, P<0.05). These differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in signal transduction, learning and memory and other functions. circ-Olfm1 was identified as the most significantly differentially expressed circRNA, which is highly expressed in the neurons and up-regulated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the AD mice. Knockout of circ-Olfm1 reduced the number of Aβ plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD mice (P<0.01). In starBase database, there are complementary sequences observed between circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p. Western blotting showed that the addition of Aβ42 significantly increased the expression of AMPK and FOXO3a in the neuronal cells (P<0.01). And silencing circ-Olfm1 led to decreased expression of AMPK and FOXO3a in neuronal cells+Aβ42 (P<0.01). ELISA revealed that knockout of FOXO3a significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy displayed that knocking FOXO3a out significantly aggravated mitochondrial damage (P<0.01).

Conclusion‍

circ-Olfm1 is up-regulated in the brain tissue and neurons+Aβ42 of AD rats, and the mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD rats may be through its regulating FOXO3a protein.

, authors=Hongyan YANG1, Qirong LIAO1, Mingliang HOU1, Linqiu MA1, Jinping LI1, Xiaoxiong LI1, Jing LU1, Yating LIU1, Huadong ZHOU1, 2, authorsList=Hongyan YANG, Qirong LIAO, Mingliang HOU, Linqiu MA, Jinping LI, Xiaoxiong LI, Jing LU, Yating LIU, Huadong ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huadong ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934469853839452, articleId=1322934468314529870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=环状RNA circ-Olfm1通过FOXO3a调节阿尔茨海默病, columnId=1322185530771619910, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=神经科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨环状RNAs(circRNAs)在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)中的作用及其潜在机制。

方法

选取6月龄APP/PS1转基因(AD)小鼠和C57BL/6野生型(WT)小鼠,采用随机数字表法将小鼠分为5组(n=3):WT组(野生型小鼠)、WT+敲除circ-Olfm1组(敲除circ-Olfm1的野生型小鼠)、AD组(APP/PS1转基因小鼠)、AD+敲除circ-Olfm1组(敲除circ-Olfm1的APP/PS1转基因小鼠)和AD+敲除FOXO3a组(敲除FOXO3a的APP/PS1转基因小鼠)。采用皮层和海马立体定向注射慢病毒敲除 circ-Olfm1和FOXO3a基因。①提取小鼠脑RNA,检测AD小鼠和WT小鼠中circRNA和mRNA的差异表达,并进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析。②RT-qPCR检测前10位上调和下调的circRNA、circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p的表达。③制备慢病毒载体并立体定向注射到WT和AD小鼠的皮层或海马,以敲除 circ-Olfm1基因,水迷宫实验评估敲除circ-Olfm1基因对小鼠认知功能的影响,免疫荧光检测Aβ斑块沉积。④双荧光素酶基因分析验证circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间的相互作用。⑤Western blot检测AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达水平。⑥透射电镜检查AD小鼠海马组织的线粒体。⑦ELISA检测炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。

结果

AD小鼠和WT小鼠中共鉴定出52个差异表达的circRNA,其中28个上调,24个下调(fold change>1.5,P<0.05)。这些差异表达基因主要涉及信号转导、学习和记忆等功能。circ-Olfm1是差异最大circRNA,在神经元中高表达,并在AD小鼠的大脑皮层和海马中上调(fold change>1.5,P<0.05)。敲除circ-Olfm1基因减少了AD小鼠大脑皮层和海马的β-淀粉样斑块(amyloid β,Aβ)数量(P<0.01)。细胞实验中:通过starBase数据库观察到circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间存在互补序列。Western Blot结果表明:加入Aβ42后,AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白在神经元细胞中表达明显增加(P<0.01)。沉默circ-Olfm1后,AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白在神经元细胞+Aβ42中表达降低(P<0.01)。ELISA检测提示:敲除FOXO3a后,炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α均显著增高(P<0.01)。透射电镜检查提示:敲除FOXO3a后线粒体损伤显著加重(P<0.01)。

结论

circ-Olfm1在AD小鼠脑组织和神经元细胞+Aβ42中表达上调,其导致AD小鼠认知损害的机制可能是通过调节FOXO3a蛋白的表达。

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周华东,E-mail:
ZHOU Huadong,E-mail:
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Am J Neurodegener Dis,2014,3(3):134-142., articleTitle=Age-induced reduction of autophagy-related gene expression is associated with onset of Alzheimer’s disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934470097109086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934470105497695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, companyId=1322934470097109086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu,Anhui), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934470113886304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, companyId=1322934470097109086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1蚌埠医学院第一附属医院神经内科,安徽 蚌埠)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934470201966689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934470210355298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, companyId=1322934470201966689, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Neurology,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934470218743907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, companyId=1322934470201966689, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)神经内科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934476661194906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=j5PL176Wf/XdR0Dq8tZang==, figureFileBig=OGOIMKEkcPrfX74tavOblQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934476736692379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=CN, label=图1, caption=circ-Olfm1在AD小鼠中表达上调

A:AD、WT小鼠比较差异表达circRNA的火山图;B:AD、WT小鼠比较差异表达前10位上调和下调的circRNA的热图 ←:示差异最大的circRNA;C:AD、WT小鼠比较差异表达前10位上调和下调的circRNA的mRNA a:P<0.01,与WT比较;D:GO分析差异表达circRNA主要富集的分子功能;E:RT-qPCR检测AD小鼠大脑各部位circ-Olfm1的表达

, figureFileSmall=j5PL176Wf/XdR0Dq8tZang==, figureFileBig=OGOIMKEkcPrfX74tavOblQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934476958990492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+iEV+GprGc/ADgp5kTs8GA==, figureFileBig=iKCJ8BDOHwKDtt0o0KLy6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934477026099357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=CN, label=图2, caption=敲除circ-Olfm1改善了AD小鼠的认知损害,减轻了Aβ斑块沉积

a:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=+iEV+GprGc/ADgp5kTs8GA==, figureFileBig=iKCJ8BDOHwKDtt0o0KLy6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934477093208222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cZU8sSdZyrojmMAKWVJx4Q==, figureFileBig=SNOY1Cl8kLcBy19D/U+rnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934477181288607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=CN, label=图3, caption=circ-Olfm1与miR-330-5p相互作用并调控AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白的表达

A:Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析2组细胞存活比例;B:CCK-8检测2组细胞活性 a:P<0.01;C:circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间的互补序列;D:双荧光素酶基因分析在神经元细胞+Aβ42中,加入miR-330-5p组与不加miR-330-5p组的野生型circ-Olfm1(circ-Olfm1-WT)和的突变型circ-Olfm1(circ-Olfm1-MUT)荧光素酶活性 a:P<0.01,与NC组比较;E:RT-qPCR检测2组的circ-Olfm1表达 a:P<0.01,与Neuron比较;F:RT-qPCR检测在神经元细胞+Aβ42中2组circ-Olfm1表达 a:P<0.01,与sh-circ-Con比较;G:Western blot检测各组细胞的pAMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达 a:P<0.01,与Neuron比较

, figureFileSmall=cZU8sSdZyrojmMAKWVJx4Q==, figureFileBig=SNOY1Cl8kLcBy19D/U+rnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934477248397472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qSyFsHQFEH2bKhybmcmRhw==, figureFileBig=K/CW/lSXubigtN3cw/vr9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934477370032289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=CN, label=图4, caption=敲除FOXO3a加重AD小鼠线粒体损伤和炎性反应

a:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=qSyFsHQFEH2bKhybmcmRhw==, figureFileBig=K/CW/lSXubigtN3cw/vr9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934477437141154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目的基因引物序列
circ-Olfm1正向:5′-GUCUUGGACAGGCGGACCCAGAGA-3′
反向:5′-CTGGAGACCAAGTTCAAGCAGGTG-3′
FOXO3a正向:5′-CAGTCACCCATGCAGACTATCC-3′
反向:5′-GTCGCTGTGGCTGAGTGAGTC-3′
miR-330-5p正向:5′-AAGAGGCATGATGACTTTGAAG-3′
反向:5′-TTCGGAATGATGGTTTGAAAG-3′
circ-Kalrn正向:5′-AAGAGGCATGATGACTTTGAAGAA-3′
反向:5′-CTTTTCGGAATGATGGTTTGAAAG-3′
circ-App正向:5'-GATGTT ACATCCCTGCTTAACAACA-3'
反向:5'-TGCTGTGCGAGTGGGATCCGCCG-3'
circ-Nell2正向:5'-GACAGGTACCAGTTGGATCCGCCAC-3'
反向:5'-GGGCCCAAGCTTGCTCGAGTCAC-3'
circ-Cog7正向:5′-CCTTCTAGCAGTGGGGTAACATAC-3′
反向:5′-GTAGCATCTCCTTCCCTTATTGA-3′
circ-Dock4正向:5′ GAGAGGATGTGGTGACCAACG3′
反向:5′GAAATGACCACATAACGAAAAGAG3′
circ-Npr3正向:5′ GAAACTTCTGATTCCCGATGG3′
反向:5′ CAGGAGAAGGTAGGATGGGTTC3′
circ-Copg1正向:5′-GAATGGAGGGGTCTAAGGCG-3′
反向:5′-CCTCTTCCTCCTGGCTCTCT-3′
circ-Gabra5正向:5′-CTCTCTGAGCCTTAGGTGCC-3′
反向:5′-ACTCGTGGGGTGACCATTTC-3′
circ-Gnal正向:5′-CAGGATGCGTCCACCAAGAA-3′
反向:5′-CGTGTCCACGTCAGCAATCA-3′
circ-Unc13c正向:5′-AACATCGCCCTGTGGATGAC-3′
反向:5′-GGTCTTCAGAGACAGCCAGGAG-3′
circ-Pbx3正向:5′-GTTGTGTGCCTTCGTTTTGGA-3′
反向:5′-AGGCCGGTTTGGCTTATACA-3′
circ-Trim37正向:5′-CGTTCGGTCTTCATTCAC-3′
反向:5′-TTATAGATCCAGGGTGGC-3′
circ-Rab3gap2正向:5ʹ-GGATCTGGCCTGCCTTTCTT-3ʹ
反向:5ʹ-AACATCTGGAGGGCTGGGA-3ʹ
circ-Hic2正向:5′-ACAGCCACAGCCTGGTGTA-3′
反向:5′-CCTCCATGAAGCTGCCAAC-3′
circ-Syt6正向:5′-TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA-3′
反向:5′-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3′
circ-Uggt2正向:5'-GAACGGTTCCCAGCTCACACGTCCG-3'
反向:5'-CGCGGCGGCGCCCGCCTAG-3'
circ-Dlgap1正向:5'-TGTTGAATGACAAAGCCGCTA-3'
反向:5'-GATACTATCGGATCACTTCTA-3'
circ-Meg3正向:5'-AGATTGAACTTAAATTCACAC-3'
反向:5'-TGCCACATTAGACTCCTGCAG-3'
circ-Gm11892正向:5'-TCTTGTCATCGAAGACCTGCT-3'
反向:5'-TCAACATTGAGGCACATTCCT-3'
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目的基因引物名称、序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目的基因引物序列
circ-Olfm1正向:5′-GUCUUGGACAGGCGGACCCAGAGA-3′
反向:5′-CTGGAGACCAAGTTCAAGCAGGTG-3′
FOXO3a正向:5′-CAGTCACCCATGCAGACTATCC-3′
反向:5′-GTCGCTGTGGCTGAGTGAGTC-3′
miR-330-5p正向:5′-AAGAGGCATGATGACTTTGAAG-3′
反向:5′-TTCGGAATGATGGTTTGAAAG-3′
circ-Kalrn正向:5′-AAGAGGCATGATGACTTTGAAGAA-3′
反向:5′-CTTTTCGGAATGATGGTTTGAAAG-3′
circ-App正向:5'-GATGTT ACATCCCTGCTTAACAACA-3'
反向:5'-TGCTGTGCGAGTGGGATCCGCCG-3'
circ-Nell2正向:5'-GACAGGTACCAGTTGGATCCGCCAC-3'
反向:5'-GGGCCCAAGCTTGCTCGAGTCAC-3'
circ-Cog7正向:5′-CCTTCTAGCAGTGGGGTAACATAC-3′
反向:5′-GTAGCATCTCCTTCCCTTATTGA-3′
circ-Dock4正向:5′ GAGAGGATGTGGTGACCAACG3′
反向:5′GAAATGACCACATAACGAAAAGAG3′
circ-Npr3正向:5′ GAAACTTCTGATTCCCGATGG3′
反向:5′ CAGGAGAAGGTAGGATGGGTTC3′
circ-Copg1正向:5′-GAATGGAGGGGTCTAAGGCG-3′
反向:5′-CCTCTTCCTCCTGGCTCTCT-3′
circ-Gabra5正向:5′-CTCTCTGAGCCTTAGGTGCC-3′
反向:5′-ACTCGTGGGGTGACCATTTC-3′
circ-Gnal正向:5′-CAGGATGCGTCCACCAAGAA-3′
反向:5′-CGTGTCCACGTCAGCAATCA-3′
circ-Unc13c正向:5′-AACATCGCCCTGTGGATGAC-3′
反向:5′-GGTCTTCAGAGACAGCCAGGAG-3′
circ-Pbx3正向:5′-GTTGTGTGCCTTCGTTTTGGA-3′
反向:5′-AGGCCGGTTTGGCTTATACA-3′
circ-Trim37正向:5′-CGTTCGGTCTTCATTCAC-3′
反向:5′-TTATAGATCCAGGGTGGC-3′
circ-Rab3gap2正向:5ʹ-GGATCTGGCCTGCCTTTCTT-3ʹ
反向:5ʹ-AACATCTGGAGGGCTGGGA-3ʹ
circ-Hic2正向:5′-ACAGCCACAGCCTGGTGTA-3′
反向:5′-CCTCCATGAAGCTGCCAAC-3′
circ-Syt6正向:5′-TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA-3′
反向:5′-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3′
circ-Uggt2正向:5'-GAACGGTTCCCAGCTCACACGTCCG-3'
反向:5'-CGCGGCGGCGCCCGCCTAG-3'
circ-Dlgap1正向:5'-TGTTGAATGACAAAGCCGCTA-3'
反向:5'-GATACTATCGGATCACTTCTA-3'
circ-Meg3正向:5'-AGATTGAACTTAAATTCACAC-3'
反向:5'-TGCCACATTAGACTCCTGCAG-3'
circ-Gm11892正向:5'-TCTTGTCATCGAAGACCTGCT-3'
反向:5'-TCAACATTGAGGCACATTCCT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1322934477604913316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
circRNA 基因编号基因名称折叠倍数P
mmu_circRNA_29612Kalrn1.617 713 40.024 106 687
mmu_circRNA_29978App2.134 653 70.043 489 311
mmu_circRNA_33199Olfm12.463 161 30.026 408 421
mmu_circRNA_29008Nell21.793 763 80.031 775 058
mmu_circRNA_42255Cog71.522 471 70.011 523 141
mmu_circRNA_015178Dock41.635 538 10.009 640 977
mmu_circRNA_28239Npr31.667 171 50.008 812 247
mmu_circRNA_40539Copg11.54353850.038 352 325
mmu_circRNA_41461Gabra52.009 832 40.043 2525 37
mmu_circRNA_31872Gnal1.844 9970.029 205 953
mmu_circRNA_44628Unc13c1.850 253 20.014 532 489
mmu_circRNA_012503Pbx32.239 038 80.029 232 944
mmu_circRNA_24012Trim371.691 905 70.046 462 182
mmu_circRNA_21495Rab3gap21.781 826 20.038 690 641
mmu_circRNA_29357Hic21.788 898 50.004 375 74
mmu_circRNA_35922Syt61.868 879 60.032 888 216
mmu_circRNA_28035Uggt21.715 291 20.015 300 105
mmu_circRNA_30828Dlgap11.883 003 10.031 621 877
mmu_circRNA_25826Meg32.173 974 50.038 966 511
mmu_circRNA_36555Gm118922.178 455 80.037 296 564
), ArticleFig(id=1322934477684605093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934468314529870, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

差异表达最大的前20位circRNA

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circRNA 基因编号基因名称折叠倍数P
mmu_circRNA_29612Kalrn1.617 713 40.024 106 687
mmu_circRNA_29978App2.134 653 70.043 489 311
mmu_circRNA_33199Olfm12.463 161 30.026 408 421
mmu_circRNA_29008Nell21.793 763 80.031 775 058
mmu_circRNA_42255Cog71.522 471 70.011 523 141
mmu_circRNA_015178Dock41.635 538 10.009 640 977
mmu_circRNA_28239Npr31.667 171 50.008 812 247
mmu_circRNA_40539Copg11.54353850.038 352 325
mmu_circRNA_41461Gabra52.009 832 40.043 2525 37
mmu_circRNA_31872Gnal1.844 9970.029 205 953
mmu_circRNA_44628Unc13c1.850 253 20.014 532 489
mmu_circRNA_012503Pbx32.239 038 80.029 232 944
mmu_circRNA_24012Trim371.691 905 70.046 462 182
mmu_circRNA_21495Rab3gap21.781 826 20.038 690 641
mmu_circRNA_29357Hic21.788 898 50.004 375 74
mmu_circRNA_35922Syt61.868 879 60.032 888 216
mmu_circRNA_28035Uggt21.715 291 20.015 300 105
mmu_circRNA_30828Dlgap11.883 003 10.031 621 877
mmu_circRNA_25826Meg32.173 974 50.038 966 511
mmu_circRNA_36555Gm118922.178 455 80.037 296 564
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环状RNA circ-Olfm1通过FOXO3a调节阿尔茨海默病
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杨红岩 1 , 廖旗荣 1 , 侯明亮 1 , 马琳秋 1 , 李金平 1 , 李小雄 1 , 卢静 1 , 刘雅婷 1 , 周华东 1, 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 神经科学 2025,47(1): 60-70
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陆军军医大学学报 |神经科学 2025 , 47 (1) : 60 -70
环状RNA circ-Olfm1通过FOXO3a调节阿尔茨海默病
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杨红岩1, 廖旗荣1, 侯明亮1, 马琳秋1, 李金平1, 李小雄1, 卢静1, 刘雅婷1, 周华东1, 2
作者信息
  • 1蚌埠医学院第一附属医院神经内科,安徽 蚌埠
  • 2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)神经内科,重庆
通讯作者:
周华东,E-mail:
ZHOU Huadong,E-mail:
Circular RNA circ-Olfm1 induces progression of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating FOXO3a
Hongyan YANG1, Qirong LIAO1, Mingliang HOU1, Linqiu MA1, Jinping LI1, Xiaoxiong LI1, Jing LU1, Yating LIU1, Huadong ZHOU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu,Anhui
  • 2Department of Neurology,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406084
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目的

探讨环状RNAs(circRNAs)在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)中的作用及其潜在机制。

方法

选取6月龄APP/PS1转基因(AD)小鼠和C57BL/6野生型(WT)小鼠,采用随机数字表法将小鼠分为5组(n=3):WT组(野生型小鼠)、WT+敲除circ-Olfm1组(敲除circ-Olfm1的野生型小鼠)、AD组(APP/PS1转基因小鼠)、AD+敲除circ-Olfm1组(敲除circ-Olfm1的APP/PS1转基因小鼠)和AD+敲除FOXO3a组(敲除FOXO3a的APP/PS1转基因小鼠)。采用皮层和海马立体定向注射慢病毒敲除 circ-Olfm1和FOXO3a基因。①提取小鼠脑RNA,检测AD小鼠和WT小鼠中circRNA和mRNA的差异表达,并进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析。②RT-qPCR检测前10位上调和下调的circRNA、circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p的表达。③制备慢病毒载体并立体定向注射到WT和AD小鼠的皮层或海马,以敲除 circ-Olfm1基因,水迷宫实验评估敲除circ-Olfm1基因对小鼠认知功能的影响,免疫荧光检测Aβ斑块沉积。④双荧光素酶基因分析验证circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间的相互作用。⑤Western blot检测AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达水平。⑥透射电镜检查AD小鼠海马组织的线粒体。⑦ELISA检测炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。

结果

AD小鼠和WT小鼠中共鉴定出52个差异表达的circRNA,其中28个上调,24个下调(fold change>1.5,P<0.05)。这些差异表达基因主要涉及信号转导、学习和记忆等功能。circ-Olfm1是差异最大circRNA,在神经元中高表达,并在AD小鼠的大脑皮层和海马中上调(fold change>1.5,P<0.05)。敲除circ-Olfm1基因减少了AD小鼠大脑皮层和海马的β-淀粉样斑块(amyloid β,Aβ)数量(P<0.01)。细胞实验中:通过starBase数据库观察到circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间存在互补序列。Western Blot结果表明:加入Aβ42后,AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白在神经元细胞中表达明显增加(P<0.01)。沉默circ-Olfm1后,AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白在神经元细胞+Aβ42中表达降低(P<0.01)。ELISA检测提示:敲除FOXO3a后,炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α均显著增高(P<0.01)。透射电镜检查提示:敲除FOXO3a后线粒体损伤显著加重(P<0.01)。

结论

circ-Olfm1在AD小鼠脑组织和神经元细胞+Aβ42中表达上调,其导致AD小鼠认知损害的机制可能是通过调节FOXO3a蛋白的表达。

阿尔茨海默病  /  环状RNA  /  叉头转录因子
Objective‍

To investigate the role of circular RNAs (circRNA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its potential mechanism.

Methods‍

Six-month-old APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild type (WT) mice were subjected and then randomly divided into WT group, WT+ circ-Olfm1 knockout group, AD group (transgenic APP/PS1 mice), AD+ circ-Olfm1 knockout group, AD+FOXO3a knockout group, with 3 mice in each group. ① The total RNA of mouse brain was extracted, and the differential expression of circRNAs and mRNAs between the AD mice and WT mice was detected, and the obtained circRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed with gene ontology (GO) analysis. ② RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of the top 10 up-regulated and down-regulated circRNAs, as well as the expression of circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p. ③ Lentiviral vectors were prepared and stereotaxically injected into the cortex or hippocampus of WT and AD mice to knock out circ-Olfm1 gene. Water maze test was used to evaluate the effect of circ-Olfm1 knockout on cognitive function, and immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque in the brain. ④ The interaction between circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p was verified by double luciferase reporter gene analysis. ⑤ The protein levels of AMPK and FOXO3a were detected by Western blotting. ⑥ Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the mitochondria of the hippocampus. ⑦ The levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.

Results‍

There were totally 52 differentially expressed circRNAs identified between the AD and WT mice, including 28 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated (fold change >1.5, P<0.05). These differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in signal transduction, learning and memory and other functions. circ-Olfm1 was identified as the most significantly differentially expressed circRNA, which is highly expressed in the neurons and up-regulated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the AD mice. Knockout of circ-Olfm1 reduced the number of Aβ plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD mice (P<0.01). In starBase database, there are complementary sequences observed between circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p. Western blotting showed that the addition of Aβ42 significantly increased the expression of AMPK and FOXO3a in the neuronal cells (P<0.01). And silencing circ-Olfm1 led to decreased expression of AMPK and FOXO3a in neuronal cells+Aβ42 (P<0.01). ELISA revealed that knockout of FOXO3a significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy displayed that knocking FOXO3a out significantly aggravated mitochondrial damage (P<0.01).

Conclusion‍

circ-Olfm1 is up-regulated in the brain tissue and neurons+Aβ42 of AD rats, and the mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD rats may be through its regulating FOXO3a protein.

Alzheimer’s disease  /  circRNAs  /  forkhead transcription factor
杨红岩, 廖旗荣, 侯明亮, 马琳秋, 李金平, 李小雄, 卢静, 刘雅婷, 周华东. 环状RNA circ-Olfm1通过FOXO3a调节阿尔茨海默病. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (1) : 60 -70 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406084
Hongyan YANG, Qirong LIAO, Mingliang HOU, Linqiu MA, Jinping LI, Xiaoxiong LI, Jing LU, Yating LIU, Huadong ZHOU. Circular RNA circ-Olfm1 induces progression of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating FOXO3a[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (1) : 60 -70 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406084
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病,据估计,到2050年全球将有1.15亿患者[1]。其病理特征主要包括细胞外β-淀粉样斑块(amyloid β,Aβ)的沉积和细胞内神经纤维缠结[2]。尽管对AD的病理过程进行了大量研究,但迄今为止尚无有效的治疗方法。线粒体功能失调导致的氧化应激水平升高被认为是AD相关病理的重要原因[3]。此外,线粒体本身也可能被氧化应激损伤,形成“恶性循环”,导致进一步的损伤。研究表明,AD患者脑组织中炎性因子IL-1β和IL-6升高,神经炎症可加速认知功能的下降[4]。
叉头转录因子FOXO3a属于叉头盒蛋白O家族,在氧化应激反应中发挥关键作用[5]。FoxO蛋白主要在细胞质内不活跃。激活后,它们转移到细胞核,启动目标基因的转录活性,从而增强细胞的抗氧化能力[6]。在神经系统中,FOXO蛋白对于维持神经元的健康和功能至关重要。它们通过调节氧化应激的反应机制保护神经细胞免受损伤[5]。
环状RNAs(circRNAs)是一类新型内源性非编码RNA,缺乏5′端帽和3′端多聚-A尾,通过共价键形成连续的环[7-8]。迄今为止,许多circRNA已被发现参与糖尿病、食管癌等多种疾病的调控[9-10]。circRNA不仅可以作为有效的miRNA海绵,吸附功能性miRNA,从而调节基因表达[11],还能调节细胞核内亲本基因的转录及在细胞质中产生肽[12-13]。与其他器官相比,circRNAs在哺乳动物大脑中高度表达,并在神经发育和突触活动中发挥功能[14],在某些神经精神疾病中也起着关键作用[15]。circRNAs的稳定性和特异性表达谱表明,这些分子有望成为治疗AD等年龄相关神经退行性疾病的候选分子。最近的研究发现,与健康对照组相比,AD患者和动物模型中circRNAs存在差异表达[16],提示这些失调的circRNAs可能成为治疗AD的有效靶点。
目前,大多数circRNAs在AD进展中的确切作用仍不清楚,体内调控特异性circRNAs能否改善AD相关的组织病理学特征和认知功能尚不明确。全面鉴定和验证关键circRNA的重要功能和调控机制,对于治疗AD具有重要意义。本研究假设在AD小鼠和WT小鼠大脑皮层和海马中存在差异表达的circRNA。通过基因测序找到差异最大的circRNA,敲除该circRNA观察其对Aβ斑块沉积和认知功能的影响,并探讨其如何影响AD的进展,为AD的治疗提供新的思路。
6月龄C57BL/6野生型(WT)小鼠和APP/PS1双转基因AD小鼠,体质量25~40 g,购自南京骏科生物有限公司。所有小鼠由陆军特色医学中心国家重点实验室饲养,室内温度控制在20~25 ℃,湿度50%~60%,饲喂标准鼠用饲料。使用随机数字表法将小鼠分为5组(n=3):WT组(野生型小鼠)、WT+敲除circ-Olfm1组(敲除circ-Olfm1的野生型小鼠)、AD组(APP/PS1转基因小鼠)、AD+敲除circ-Olfm1组(敲除circ-Olfm1的APP/PS1转基因小鼠)和AD+敲除FOXO3a组(敲除FOXO3a的APP/PS1转基因小鼠),采用皮层和海马立体定向注射慢病毒敲除circ-Olfm1和FOXO3a基因。实验过程中遵循实验动物伦理规定。研究中使用的所有方案经过第三军医大学实验动物福利伦理审查委员会审核。
神经元细胞分别取自6月龄小鼠大脑皮层和海马。小鼠神经元细胞在培养基中培养10 d,在6孔培养板中加入10%胎牛血清(美国Gibco)的培养基。细胞在37 ℃、饱和湿度和5%CO2的无菌培养箱中培养。实验组在培养基中加入25 μmol/L β-淀粉样蛋白Aβ42寡聚体(美国MCE)培养24 h[17]。
按文献[18]的方法进行慢病毒载体的构建。构建了表达短发夹RNA(shRNA)的慢病毒载体,并用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记。该载体与AD小鼠circ-Olfm1基因互补。将表达circ-Olfm1和GFP的载体标记为LV-circ-Olfm1 shRNA-GFP,而单独表达GFP的载体(LV-GFP)作为对照。circ-Olfm1的序列为5′-GUCUU-GGACAGGCGGACCCAGAGA-3′(正向),5′-GCUCUG-CAGGCGUCCAAGACAGCC-3′(反向);正常对照序列为5′-GGUGCUGAGUGUCGUGGA-3′(正向),5′-GUG-GUUCACACCAUCACAAA-3′(反向)。同样的方法制作FOXO3a的病毒载体LV-FOXO3a,FOXO3a的序列为5′-GGGGAACTTCACTGGTGCTA-3′(正向),5′-TG-TCCACTTGCTGAGAGCAG-3′(反向)。
WT和APP/PS1小鼠麻醉后,采用立体定向法将LV-circ-Olfm1 shRNA-GFP注射到APP/PS1小鼠的皮层和海马内,以LV-GFP为对照载体。同样的方法将LV-FOXO3a注射到APP/PS1小鼠的海马内,以LV-GFP为对照载体。使用注射器以150 nL/min的速率将3.0 μL病毒悬浮液注入每个注射部位。将小鼠保温到手术恢复。6周后进行生化和认知功能测试。
每组小鼠经心脏灌注PBS后,用2%戊二醛固定。解剖大脑,切开海马(0.5 mm×0.5 mm×1.0 mm),切成超薄切片(50 nm)。脱水后,超薄切片用醋酸铀酰染色,在电子显微镜下观察。使用H-7650电子显微镜拍摄图像。
水池由4个相等的象限组成,水迷宫为圆柱形状且池壁为黑色的注水池,在水池的边缘固定2条垂直线。水池被顺时针标记等分为 1、2、3、4 个象限,透明平台被放置在第 3 象限,在室温下,记录搜索隐藏平台持续时间。当平台从池中移除时,允许小鼠在池中探索60 s以进行探测。小鼠被允许在水下平台上搜索60 s,并在那里停留10 s,每天进行4次实验。当小鼠在60 s内没有找到平台时,实验人员将小鼠引导到平台并在那里停留30 s。连续5 d,每天1次。使用1个追踪系统记录小鼠找到平台所需的时间,记录所花费的平均时间和穿过平台的次数。
以试剂盒的方法为基础,采用RNAISO plus(Western Biotechnology)提取总RNA,并进行优化处理。通过PrimeScript™ RT试剂盒和gDNA Eraser(Western Biotechnology)进行总RNA的反转录。在实时PCR检测系统(Bio-Rad,CA,USA)中,RT-qPCR在20 μL体积内进行3次。GAPDH作为内参基因,相对表达水平显示为相对于相应对照组的倍数变化。采用2-△△Ct法检测circRNA的表达水平,并与内参基因 β- actin进行对比。引物序列见表1。
用PBS洗涤神经元细胞,并在6 ℃下(40 mmol/L Tris,pH=7.4,1 mmol/L EDTA)溶解1 h,以15 000 r/min离心30 min。用10%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对细胞裂解液中的蛋白质进行分离。然后将蛋白质转移到偏氟乙烯膜(thermo fisher scientific Inc,MA)上。在4 ℃下用抗AMPK和FOXO3a(中国Procell)的抗体探测膜,并在室温下用5%无脂牛奶封闭2 h。然后将膜与过氧化物酶(cell signaling technology,Danvers,MA)结合的抗体在室温下孵育2 h。使用增强化学发光试剂盒(Pierce Biotechnology,IL)开发印迹,并用定量软件量化条带强度,以GAPDH作为加载对照。
将培养的小鼠大脑皮质和海马匀浆包被在冷裂解缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH=7.4,5 mmol/L EDTA)中裂解15 min,4 ℃、14 000×g离心15 min,收集上清液。将上清液(10 ng)置于96孔聚乙烯醇板(Chantilly,VA,USA)的碳酸钠(10 mmol/L,pH=9.6)中,4 ℃过夜孵育。在室温下,加入稀释的抗IL-6、抗IL-1β和抗TNF-α抗体(1∶100~1∶108)孵育30 min。广泛洗涤并加入显色剂邻苯二胺(Sigma,St. Louis,USA)显示活性。
采用荧光素酶基因检测circ-Olfm1与miR-330-5p的相互作用。将含有野生型(WT)或突变型(MUT)荧光素酶基因的质粒与miR-330-5p模拟物或阴性对照物共转染神经元细胞。培养48 h后,用PBS洗涤,用制造商提供的细胞裂解缓冲液裂解转染细胞。收集上清液并在室温下振荡10 min后,以3 000×g离心细胞裂解液5 min,测定荧光素酶活性。
将神经元细胞(3 000/孔)接种在96孔板中。培养12 h后,将细胞与细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)溶液 (10 μL;Beyotime,China)共同培养3 h。培养结束后,使用微孔板读取器(Thermo,USA)记录吸光值。
将神经元细胞移至无菌离心管中,置于37 ℃、5%CO2培养箱中,采用10%FBS的RPMI1640培养基培养。将生长状态良好的神经元细胞接种到6孔板继续培养。待细胞贴壁12 h后,根据制造商的说明,使用脂质体2000(Thermo Fisher)将质粒转染至细胞中。靶向circ-Olfm1的siRNA序列排列如下(GenePharma Co.,Ltd.,China)正向:5'-CTGGAGACCAAGTTCAA-GCAGGTG-3';反向:5'-CAATCCATAGAAGTCTTGGA-CAGG-3'。将细胞分为神经元细胞组、神经元细胞+Aβ42组、神经元细胞+Aβ42组+沉默circ-Olfm1组,转染24 h后将细胞正常培养,并于-80 ℃保存,供后续实验使用。
数据用x¯±s表示,每个实验重复3次。采用非配对t检验分析2组间的差异。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。应用 GraphPad Prism 8.0进行数据分析和统计图绘制。
AD、WT小鼠海马circRNA测序结果显示:共有52个差异表达的circRNA,其中28个上调,24个下调(fold change >1.5,P<0.05,图1A)。前10位上调和下调的circRNA见图1B、表2,采用美国加利福尼亚大学圣克鲁兹分校基因组浏览器数据库(University of California Santa Cruz)从中选出17个人和小鼠都存在的circRNA,并通过RT-qPCR检测前10位上调和下调的circRNA表达。结果显示:与WT小鼠相比,AD小鼠海马中有6个circRNA表达显著上调,上调最明显的circRNA是circ-Olfm1;3个circRNA表达显著下调(P<0.01,图1C)。基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析提示AD小鼠与WT小鼠差异表达的circRNA在分子功能领域主要富集于信号转导、学习和记忆等方面(图1D)。RT-qPCR检测AD小鼠不同脑区的circ-Olfm1表达显示:circ-Olfm1在海马中表达最高,在脑干中表达最低(图1E)。
制备慢病毒载体并立体定向注射到WT小鼠和AD小鼠的皮层或海马以敲除circ-Olfm1基因。RT-qPCR结果显示,敲除circ-Olfm1后,WT小鼠和AD小鼠皮层和海马中的circ-Olfm1表达显著降低(P<0.01,图2A),表明circ-Olfm1敲除成功。对WT小鼠和AD小鼠分别进行了5 d的水迷宫训练。结果显示,在AD小鼠中,敲除circ-Olfm1显著缩短了平均逃跑潜伏期,并增加了跨越隐藏平台位置的次数(P<0.01,图2B、C)。敲除circ-Olfm1显著减轻了AD小鼠皮层和海马中的Aβ斑块沉积(P<0.01,图2D)。以上结果表明,敲除circ-Olfm1可以改善AD小鼠的认知损害,并减轻Aβ斑块沉积。
在WT小鼠的皮层和海马的神经元细胞中加入Aβ42,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析提示,皮层和海马的神经元细胞+Aβ42组的细胞存活比例均降低(P<0.01,图3A)。CCK-8细胞活性检测试剂盒检测显示,皮层和海马的神经元细胞+Aβ42组的细胞活性均降低(P<0.01,图3B)。以上结果提示Aβ42对神经元细胞存在毒性作用。
circRNAs可以与miRNA靶向作用从而调节mRNA的表达,进一步影响AD的发生发展[13]。用starBase数据库搜索了与circ-Olfm1相互作用的miRNA,观察到circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间存在互补序列,见图3C。双荧光素酶基因分析表明,在神经元细胞+Aβ42中,miR-330-5p可以降低野生型circ-Olfm1(circ-Olfm1-WT)的荧光素酶活性(P<0.01),但不能降低突变型circ-Olfm1(circ-Olfm1-MUT)的荧光素酶活性(图3D),进一步证明了circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p存在直接的相互作用。
通过RT-qPCR结果显示,皮层和海马神经元细胞+Aβ42组的circ-Olfm1表达均显著增加(P<0.01,图3E)。在皮层和海马神经元细胞+Aβ42中,沉默circ-Olfm1后,circ-Olfm1表达均显著降低(P<0.01,图3F),表明circ-Olfm1沉默成功。Western blot检测结果显示,Aβ42增加了神经元细胞的pAMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达(P<0.01),在神经元细胞+Aβ42中,沉默circ-Olfm1组的pAMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达降低(P<0.01,图3G)。
构建慢病毒载体并立体定向注射到WT小鼠和AD小鼠的海马以敲除FOXO3a基因。RT-qPCR结果显示,敲除FOXO3a后,AD小鼠皮层和海马中的FOXO3a mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01,图4A),表明FOXO3a敲除成功。ELISA检测结果显示,在AD小鼠的皮层和海马中,敲除FOXO3a组的炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α均显著增高(P<0.01,图4B~D)。透射电镜检查结果显示:在AD小鼠海马中,敲除FOXO3a组的线粒体损伤显著加重(P<0.01,图4E)。以上结果表明,敲除FOXO3a加重AD小鼠的线粒体损伤和炎性反应。
本研究通过基因测序发现AD小鼠和WT小鼠有52个差异表达的circRNA,其中28个上调,24个下调。这些差异基因的功能主要涉及信号转导、学习和记忆等方面。差异最显著的circRNA是circ-Olfm1,它在神经元中大量表达,并且在AD小鼠的大脑皮层和海马中表达上调。研究结果显示,敲除circ-Olfm1基因可以改善Aβ斑块沉积,改善认知功能障碍。此外,在细胞实验中,circ-Olfm1可与miR-330-5p结合,调控pAMPK和FOXO3a蛋白的表达,Aβ42可以增加神经元细胞的FOXO3a蛋白表达,沉默circ-Olfm1可导致神经元细胞+Aβ42组的FOXO3a蛋白表达降低。敲除FOXO3a基因导致AD小鼠的线粒体损伤和炎性反应。
随着生物信息学的发展,circRNAs不再仅仅被认为是错误剪接或转录的副产物[19]。高表达的circRNAs通常在物种间更保守[20],并且这些circRNA在调节疾病的病理生理过程中发挥重要功能[21]。ciRS-7是最具特征的circRNA之一,它在神经组织中的下调会导致AD相关靶点的下调,从而阻碍大脑中APP和β-分泌酶的降解[22]。另一项研究表明,circRIMS2在4月龄APP/PS1小鼠中显著上调,通过海绵miR-3968激活UBE2K依赖的GluN2B泛素化和降解来介导AD中的突触和记忆障碍[23]。此外,在人类内嗅皮层中发现了一种源自TREM2基因的新型circRNA,即circTREM2,并且在AD患者中TREM2 mRNA表达增加[24]。由于circRNAs种类繁多,作用机制复杂,目前对circRNAs在AD进展中的作用和机制研究较少。本研究表明,与WT小鼠脑组织和神经元细胞相比,circ-Olfm1在AD小鼠脑组织和神经元细胞+Aβ42中的表达均升高。体内实验表明,敲除circ-Olfm1基因可改善Aβ斑块沉积,改善认知功能障碍。
circRNAs已被证明通过多种分子机制调控基因表达[13,21,25-26]。最典型的是“miRNA海绵”,即circRNA通过miRNA结合位点隔离同源miRNA。例如,miR-138-circHDAC9复合物是调节AD中Aβ代谢的一种机制[27]。AD患者血清中circHDAC9水平降低,可能导致miR-138表达上调,Sirt1和ADAM10表达下调。因此,淀粉样蛋白APP的加工过程从α分泌酶途径转向β分泌酶途径,导致淀粉样蛋白积累的增加。在结直肠癌肝转移患者的肿瘤组织中,circNSUN2的表达上调,其N6-甲基腺苷修饰调节细胞质输出并稳定HMGA2以促进结直肠癌的肝转移[28]。在本研究中,circ-Olfm1表现出miRNA海绵活性,与miR-330-5p之间存在互补序列。双荧光素酶基因分析表明,circ-Olfm1和miR-330-5p之间存在相互作用。在神经元细胞中,Aβ42可以增加神经元细胞的AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达。这可能与Aβ42引起神经元细胞炎性反应和氧化应激,炎性反应和氧化应激使FOXO3a升高有关。在神经元细胞+Aβ42中,沉默circ-Olfm1后AMPK和FOXO3a蛋白表达均降低,这与沉默circ-Olfm1后,导致炎性反应和氧化应激降低,从而使FOXO3a表达降低有关。本研究发现circ-Olfm1能够作为有效的miRNA海绵与miR-330-5p相互作用,从而下调FOXO3a的蛋白水平。miR-330-5p会作用于FOXO3a mRNA,导致FOXO3a蛋白水平下降。FOXO3a是一种转录因子,参与多种细胞过程,包括应激反应、细胞周期调控、凋亡和代谢等。在神经元中,FOXO3a的异常表达与神经退行性疾病密切相关[29]。FOXO3a作为circ-Olfm1的下游靶标,其表达受到circ-Olfm1的调控。在沉默circ-Olfm1的神经元细胞中,FOXO3a的表达下降。circ-Olfm1通过下调FOXO3a的表达,激活了与AD病理相关的信号通路,促进了Aβ的生成。因此,circ-Olfm1可以视为AD病理过程中的一个重要调控因子。
越来越多的证据表明,神经炎症在AD中起着至关重要的作用[30-32]。小胶质细胞的激活会触发先天免疫反应和炎症细胞因子的释放,从而导致神经元的损伤,并加速AD的进展[33]。AD期间的慢性炎症通常归因于Aβ斑块沉积和细胞死亡导致的小胶质细胞持续激活。一项研究证实,在 Aβ42 寡聚体处理下,SH-SY5Y 细胞中乙酰胆碱诱导的细胞内钙释放显著增加[34]。Aβ42导致神经元细胞损伤的机制则可能主要由Aβ42的寡聚体形式所介导,这些寡聚体通过破坏神经元细胞膜、诱导氧化应激、激活炎症反应等多种机制对神经元产生毒性作用。研究表明,Aβ负荷导致神经元炎性反应增加,Aβ在神经元内的积累是AD发病机制中的一个重要组成部分。在人类大脑易感区域,神经元特异性炎症反应可能先于不溶性Aβ斑块和tau缠结的形成[35]。炎性反应和氧化应激可导致细胞线粒体功能障碍[36]。本研究结果表明,在AD小鼠海马中,敲除FOXO3a基因后线粒体损伤加重,炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α显著增加,提示FOXO3a可能减轻AD小鼠海马的线粒体损伤和炎性反应。而circ-Olfm1通过调控FOXO3a蛋白的表达,表明circ-Olfm1调节AD的进展可能是通过调节FOXO3a表达,从而加重AD的炎性反应和氧化应激。
①主要聚焦于6月龄APP/PS1转基因AD小鼠,是AD的发病早期。在这一阶段,观察到了circ-Olfm1表达的变化及其对FOXO3a的调控作用,这些变化与AD的病理过程密切相关。然而,为了更全面地理解circ-Olfm1在AD进展中的作用,还需要考虑其在老化AD小鼠中的表现。老化AD小鼠(如12、18月龄或更老)代表了AD病程的晚期阶段,此时病理改变更为显著,包括Aβ沉积的加剧以及认知功能的严重衰退。circ-Olfm1的表达水平及其与FOXO3a的相互作用可能会发生进一步的变化。此外,老化过程中还可能伴随着炎症反应的增加、氧化应激的加剧等。因此,在未来的研究中,可进一步探讨老化AD小鼠中circ-Olfm1与FOXO3a的相互作用机制。②选用APP/PS1转基因小鼠。在人类AD患者中,Aβ42的表达是否导致神经组织炎性反应和氧化应激仍有待进一步研究。③AD小鼠脑组织和神经元细胞中circ-Olfm1的表达增加,提示circ-Olfm1在AD的发生中起重要调控作用,但具体机制有待进一步研究。④证明了敲除FOXO3a可导致AD小鼠线粒体功能障碍,但FOXO3a在AD中的确切作用仍需进一步证实。⑤在细胞实验对沉默circ-Olfm1的效果进行了验证,发现沉默circ-Olfm1后,FOXO3a蛋白表达下降。对于在体实验,未来的研究可进一步检测敲除circ-Olfm1后FOXO3a蛋白的表达。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406084
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
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    1蚌埠医学院第一附属医院神经内科,安徽 蚌埠
    2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)神经内科,重庆

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