Article(id=1322211124083274252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210968248107603, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733068800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-02, revisedDate=1740672000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793169297475, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793169297475, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793169297475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793169297475, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322210968248107603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='893', pageEnd='1028', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1747238400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793169260321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793325292291, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322865413818536367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210968248107603, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322865413818536368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210968248107603, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=980, endPage=988, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322211124498510349, articleId=1322211124083274252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with circadian rhythm disruption and its correlation with cognition, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To analyze the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in individuals with circadian rhythm disruption and their correlation with cognition.

Methods‍

Night shift workers and regular shift workers were subjected from our hospital during August 2022 and October 2024. The participants with circadian rhythm disorders were assigned into an experimental group (n=24), and those with normal circadian rhythms were into a control group (n=24). Their height, weight, age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and fresh fecal samples were collected, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate their mental status. Metagenomics, Alpha and Beta diversity analyses, Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were employed to investigate the diversity and function characteristics of gut microbiota in the participants.

Results‍

There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in baseline data, such as height, weight, gender, age, and BMI (P>0.05). Alpha diversity analysis indicated that no statistical differences were observed in the ACE, Chao1, Shannon, or Simpson indices between the 2 groups, while beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences (P<0.01), suggesting different structure of gut microbiota between them. In the experimental group, the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Agathobacter rectalis was decreased, while that of Escherichia coli and Phocaeicola vulgaratus was increased, with significant differences when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, KEGG functional analysis showed that the experimental group had obviously higher expression levels in Th17 cell differentiation and the IL-17 signaling pathway than the control group (P<0.05). Agathobacter rectalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with MoCA score and MMSE score (P<0.05, P<0.01). Agathobacter rectalis was negatively correlated with the IL-17 signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation.

Conclusion‍

Individuals with circadian rhythm disorders have significant changes in the structure and function of gut microbiota when compared to those with normal circadian rhythms. Agathobacter rectalis may be involved in the regulation of the IL-17 signaling pathway and differentiation of Th17 cells, thereby possibly impacting the increases of cognitive score related to circadian rhythm disorders.

, authors=Jincheng JIAN, Wei HE, Hongfei JIANG, Yusong GE, Zhanjie HOU, Yuanyuan LEI, Yingjie WANG, Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Bo TANG, authorsList=Jincheng JIAN, Wei HE, Hongfei JIANG, Yusong GE, Zhanjie HOU, Yuanyuan LEI, Yingjie WANG, Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Bo TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322211129812693529, articleId=1322211124083274252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=昼夜节律紊乱人群肠道菌群特征及其与认知的相关性研究, columnId=1322185541475488183, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析昼夜节律紊乱人群的肠道菌群多样性和结构组成及其与认知的相关性。

方法

将2022年8月至2024年10月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院工作的夜班人群(昼夜节律紊乱人群)和正常人群(昼夜节律正常人群)作为研究对象。收集昼夜节律紊乱人群[实验组(n=24)]和昼夜节律正常人群[对照组(n=24)]的身高、体质量、年龄、性别、BMI、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)得分、简易精神状态检查表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)得分以及新鲜粪便,采用宏基因组学、Alpha多样性、Beta多样性、线性判别分析效应量(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEFSE)方法、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析受试者肠道菌群的多样性和结构功能特征。

结果

基线资料显示两组研究对象的身高、体质量、年龄、性别、BMI无统计学差异。Alpha多样性表明两组的ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数无统计学差异,Beta多样性有统计学差异(P<0.01);实验组与对照组的肠道菌群结构明显不同。实验组普拉氏粪杆菌和阿加瑟菌直肠种的丰度较对照组减少,大肠杆菌和海豹菌的丰度较对照组增加(P<0.05)。肠道菌群KEGG功能分析显示,实验组在Th17细胞分化和IL-17信号通路方面的水平较对照组上调(P<0.05),阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌与MoCA呈正相关,阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌与MMSE呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。阿加瑟菌直肠种与IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化呈负相关。

结论

昼夜节律紊乱人群与昼夜节律正常人群相比,肠道菌群结构和功能存在改变,阿加瑟菌直肠种可能参与调节IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化进而影响昼夜节律紊乱后认知评分的升高。

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唐 波,E-mail:
TANG Bo,E-mail:
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Int Immunopharmacol,2024,137:112540., articleTitle=The role of dopamine in the modulation of monocyte-induced Th17- and Th1-immune response in multiple sclerosis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322211130047574554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322211130055963163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, companyId=1322211130047574554, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Gastroenterology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322211130064351772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, companyId=1322211130047574554, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院消化内科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322211137354052191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZoJ9WgaWf/xJiLXxIqslsQ==, figureFileBig=Oam74Uc7Gqy39JO41EL2aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211137429549664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=CN, label=图1, caption=组间肠道菌群多样性分析

A:2组肠道菌群Alpha多样性指数比较;B:2组肠道菌群Beta多样性指数比较

, figureFileSmall=ZoJ9WgaWf/xJiLXxIqslsQ==, figureFileBig=Oam74Uc7Gqy39JO41EL2aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211137790259809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZAX1gWqKJ2CaFJER6cpIxQ==, figureFileBig=NaQVxlBBITSJBViJEp/iyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211137853174370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=CN, label=图2, caption=组间肠道菌群结构组成差异分析

A:门水平组成成分分析;B:种水平组成成分分析;C~G:2组间大肠杆菌、厌氧粘菌、海豹菌、普拉氏粪杆菌、阿加瑟菌直肠种的菌群相对丰度差异性 a:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=ZAX1gWqKJ2CaFJER6cpIxQ==, figureFileBig=NaQVxlBBITSJBViJEp/iyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211137920283235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6Lg9Vam72RvBJW3HrKqpoA==, figureFileBig=WwBZublAPnwJOlX82oe3eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211137995780708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=CN, label=图3, caption=组间肠道菌群LEFSE分析

A:2组人群肠道菌群特征LDA分值柱形图;B:2组人群肠道菌群特征LEFSE分析的进化分支图

, figureFileSmall=6Lg9Vam72RvBJW3HrKqpoA==, figureFileBig=WwBZublAPnwJOlX82oe3eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211138213884517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HBcj4TXmqXrzjyYXkTR+iw==, figureFileBig=lOYRaBkmRyNNkUKyBIlbmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211138280993382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=CN, label=图4, caption=KEGG功能分析

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=HBcj4TXmqXrzjyYXkTR+iw==, figureFileBig=lOYRaBkmRyNNkUKyBIlbmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211138348102247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rZdAwAJfW72lUCgr975r7w==, figureFileBig=ZItHnuYBUkMbLbifY8n0TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211138423599721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=CN, label=图5, caption=肠道菌群与认知和通路的相关性

A:肠道菌群种水平丰度与认知评分的相关性 a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01;B:阿加瑟菌直肠种与功能通路相关性

, figureFileSmall=rZdAwAJfW72lUCgr975r7w==, figureFileBig=ZItHnuYBUkMbLbifY8n0TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322211138608149098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量实验组对照组P
男性/女性11/1313/110.564
年龄/岁29.710±2.72628.830±2.8840.285
体质量/kg60.880±1.69861.210±1.8470.895
身高/m1.663±0.0621.677±0.0630.449
BMI/(kg/m²)21.920±1.96321.640±1.9150.618
MMSE评分26.080±1.28327.880±0.899<0.010
MoCA评分26.540±1.02127.790±0.977<0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1322211138679452267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211124083274252, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基线资料(n=24,x¯±s,例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量实验组对照组P
男性/女性11/1313/110.564
年龄/岁29.710±2.72628.830±2.8840.285
体质量/kg60.880±1.69861.210±1.8470.895
身高/m1.663±0.0621.677±0.0630.449
BMI/(kg/m²)21.920±1.96321.640±1.9150.618
MMSE评分26.080±1.28327.880±0.899<0.010
MoCA评分26.540±1.02127.790±0.977<0.010
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昼夜节律紊乱人群肠道菌群特征及其与认知的相关性研究
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简金呈 , 何伟 , 蒋洪飞 , 戈宇松 , 侯占杰 , 雷媛媛 , 王英杰 , 冯韵璇 , 冯小洁 , 唐波
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学 2025,47(9): 980-988
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学 2025 , 47 (9) : 980 -988
昼夜节律紊乱人群肠道菌群特征及其与认知的相关性研究
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简金呈, 何伟, 蒋洪飞, 戈宇松, 侯占杰, 雷媛媛, 王英杰, 冯韵璇, 冯小洁, 唐波
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院消化内科,重庆
通讯作者:
唐 波,E-mail:
TANG Bo,E-mail:
Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with circadian rhythm disruption and its correlation with cognition
Jincheng JIAN, Wei HE, Hongfei JIANG, Yusong GE, Zhanjie HOU, Yuanyuan LEI, Yingjie WANG, Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Bo TANG
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Gastroenterology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412007
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目的

分析昼夜节律紊乱人群的肠道菌群多样性和结构组成及其与认知的相关性。

方法

将2022年8月至2024年10月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院工作的夜班人群(昼夜节律紊乱人群)和正常人群(昼夜节律正常人群)作为研究对象。收集昼夜节律紊乱人群[实验组(n=24)]和昼夜节律正常人群[对照组(n=24)]的身高、体质量、年龄、性别、BMI、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)得分、简易精神状态检查表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)得分以及新鲜粪便,采用宏基因组学、Alpha多样性、Beta多样性、线性判别分析效应量(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEFSE)方法、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析受试者肠道菌群的多样性和结构功能特征。

结果

基线资料显示两组研究对象的身高、体质量、年龄、性别、BMI无统计学差异。Alpha多样性表明两组的ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数无统计学差异,Beta多样性有统计学差异(P<0.01);实验组与对照组的肠道菌群结构明显不同。实验组普拉氏粪杆菌和阿加瑟菌直肠种的丰度较对照组减少,大肠杆菌和海豹菌的丰度较对照组增加(P<0.05)。肠道菌群KEGG功能分析显示,实验组在Th17细胞分化和IL-17信号通路方面的水平较对照组上调(P<0.05),阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌与MoCA呈正相关,阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌与MMSE呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。阿加瑟菌直肠种与IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化呈负相关。

结论

昼夜节律紊乱人群与昼夜节律正常人群相比,肠道菌群结构和功能存在改变,阿加瑟菌直肠种可能参与调节IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化进而影响昼夜节律紊乱后认知评分的升高。

昼夜节律紊乱  /  肠道菌群  /  认知评分  /  宏基因组学
Objective‍

To analyze the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in individuals with circadian rhythm disruption and their correlation with cognition.

Methods‍

Night shift workers and regular shift workers were subjected from our hospital during August 2022 and October 2024. The participants with circadian rhythm disorders were assigned into an experimental group (n=24), and those with normal circadian rhythms were into a control group (n=24). Their height, weight, age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and fresh fecal samples were collected, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate their mental status. Metagenomics, Alpha and Beta diversity analyses, Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were employed to investigate the diversity and function characteristics of gut microbiota in the participants.

Results‍

There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in baseline data, such as height, weight, gender, age, and BMI (P>0.05). Alpha diversity analysis indicated that no statistical differences were observed in the ACE, Chao1, Shannon, or Simpson indices between the 2 groups, while beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences (P<0.01), suggesting different structure of gut microbiota between them. In the experimental group, the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Agathobacter rectalis was decreased, while that of Escherichia coli and Phocaeicola vulgaratus was increased, with significant differences when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, KEGG functional analysis showed that the experimental group had obviously higher expression levels in Th17 cell differentiation and the IL-17 signaling pathway than the control group (P<0.05). Agathobacter rectalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with MoCA score and MMSE score (P<0.05, P<0.01). Agathobacter rectalis was negatively correlated with the IL-17 signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation.

Conclusion‍

Individuals with circadian rhythm disorders have significant changes in the structure and function of gut microbiota when compared to those with normal circadian rhythms. Agathobacter rectalis may be involved in the regulation of the IL-17 signaling pathway and differentiation of Th17 cells, thereby possibly impacting the increases of cognitive score related to circadian rhythm disorders.

circadian rhythm disruption  /  gut microbiota  /  cognitive scoring  /  metagenomics
简金呈, 何伟, 蒋洪飞, 戈宇松, 侯占杰, 雷媛媛, 王英杰, 冯韵璇, 冯小洁, 唐波. 昼夜节律紊乱人群肠道菌群特征及其与认知的相关性研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (9) : 980 -988 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412007
Jincheng JIAN, Wei HE, Hongfei JIANG, Yusong GE, Zhanjie HOU, Yuanyuan LEI, Yingjie WANG, Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Bo TANG. Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with circadian rhythm disruption and its correlation with cognition[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (9) : 980 -988 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412007
昼夜节律是无处不在的现象,在大多数生物体中每天都以自我维持的方式重复发生。昼夜节律在各个层面上协调了各种复杂的生理过程,从分子相互作用和表达到表型和行为反应。这些生物节律使内源性的、基于遗传的昼夜节律“时钟”或“起搏器”机制与环境的变化(例如明暗周期)同步,从而使生物体能够适应、预测和响应变化,并保持身体功能的稳态。许多生理过程和参数,如核心体温、睡眠-觉醒周期、心血管功能、进食、内分泌物(如褪黑激素、皮质醇、生长激素、催乳素)、肝脏代谢、肾功能等都表现出节律性[1]。近年来,随着人们生活习惯改变及工作性质的改变,昼夜节律紊乱的现象越来越普遍,昼夜节律紊乱最直接、最早期的影响是造成人体相应的心理和生理损害,长期昼夜节律紊乱会增加癌症、心血管疾病、代谢综合征、胃肠道疾病等的患病风险[2]。昼夜节律紊乱的定义为机体内生物钟的内源性昼夜节律与外部环境之间的失调[3]。例如,轮班工作会导致昼夜节律紊乱,轮班人员患肿瘤、肠道疾病、糖尿病、高血压、神经系统和心血管疾病以及认知功能下降的风险正逐年增加[4-5]。但昼夜节律紊乱是如何影响认知功能的具体机制尚不清楚。
人体内数以万亿记的肠道共生微生物共同组成了人体的微生物组,在人体代谢、免疫、神经细胞发育等生理病理过程中发挥重要作用[6-8]。既往研究发现,昼夜节律紊乱小鼠和正常节律小鼠的肠道菌群不同[9],移植生物钟缺陷小鼠的微生物群会破坏受体小鼠的胃肠道稳态[10]。肠道菌群在认知功能中也起到一定作用[11],如嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌可防止海马体中小胶质细胞的突触吞噬作用进而缓解认知功能障碍[12]。为进一步了解昼夜节律紊乱人群的肠道菌群特征,本研究以昼夜节律紊乱人群及昼夜节律正常人群为研究对象,采集其蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)、简易精神状态检查表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)以及粪便样本,应用宏基因测序分析昼夜节律紊乱人群和昼夜节律正常人群的肠道菌群种类、结构和丰度差异,分析昼夜节律紊乱人群认知的改变和肠道菌群特征的关系,为临床预防提供新思路。
将2022年8月至2024年10月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院工作的夜班人群和正常人群为研究对象。根据2023年中华医学会《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》的权威界定,参与夜班轮班工作的人群被明确定义为昼夜节律紊乱的典型亚群之一。排除标准:①已确诊睡眠障碍;②心血管、呼吸系统及其他系统重大疾病史、任何类型的肿瘤;③溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、肠易激综合征、持久性慢性腹泻,胃肠道手术史。最终根据纳排标准共纳入24例实验组,24例对照组。所有研究对象对本次研究知情同意。本研究获得陆军军医大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准(2024-研第244-01)。
受试者体检时,收集受试者性别、年龄、体质量、身高和BMI等信息;在洁净环境中采集受试者新鲜大便样本,转移至无菌EP管中,于-80 ℃冰箱保存;收集受试者的MMSE、MoCA量表。
以DNeasy PowerWater Kit提取试剂盒(生工公司)对粪便目标样本行gDNA提取,采用磁珠法研磨,经裂解液和蛋白酶共同作用下裂解消化,结合液和磁珠吸附纯净DNA,经洗涤和洗脱回收后,用于宏基因组文库构建。对测序的原始数据通过Fastp进行质量评估,数据过滤,有效reads统计等,去除来源于人体和提供的宿主基因组的污染序列,得到相对准确的有效数据。使用megahit进行多样本混合拼接,得到初步拼接contigs序列。使用bowite2将clean reads map组合,提取unmapped reads,并使用SPAdes拼接,得到低丰度contigs。结合初步拼接结果,最终得到较为完整的contigs组装结果。宏基因组Binning是将混合序列组装得到的contigs或scaffold按物种分开并重新归类的过程。这些重新归类后的contigs序列称之为宏基因组组装基因组(metagenome-assembled genomes,MAGs)。根据四核苷酸频率和丰度变化模式分别区分不同物种来源的序列和亲缘关系较为接近的序列。使用Metawrap软件组合套件,依次完成Bin分选、Bin提纯、Bin定量、Bin重组装和Bin鉴定等过程,经过滤后得到完整度较高且低污染度的单菌基因组草图。采用Prodigal对拼接结果进行ORF预测,选择长度≥100 bp的基因,并将其翻译成氨基酸序列。对于各样本的基因预测结果,采用CD-HIT软件进行去冗余,以获得非冗余的基因集。
KEGG是一个综合性生物系统数据库,整合了基因组学、化学分子及系统功能等多维度信息。其核心模块包括:KEGG GENES,收录了已完成测序物种的全基因组基因及蛋白质序列,并提供基因的基础注释信息;KEGG Pathway,系统整理了各类生物通路数据,涵盖代谢调控、分子合成、跨膜转运、信号转导、细胞周期调控及疾病相关通路等重要生物学过程。使用DIAMOND将基因集蛋白序列与KEGG数据库进行比对,得到序列对应的KO号,根据KO与Pathway和 Module的联系得到序列的Pathway、Module注释信息;并统计KEGG各功能层级在各个样本中的丰度。
数据处理及分析采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行。符合正态分布的计量资料,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,以x¯±s表示。计数资料采用χ²检验,用例(%)表示。用Spearman法分析肠道菌群与认知评分、肠道菌群与功能通路的相关性。基因在不同样本间会出现基因个数及丰富度有差异的现象,ACE、Chaol、Shannon与Simposon指数被用来表征微生物基因Alpha多样性。Bray curtis、Jaccard距离矩阵计算样本间微生物群落Beta多样性,用线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)确定指定类群之间丰度差异显著的物种,并用线性判别分析效应量(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEFSE)来估算每个组分(物种)丰度对差异影响的大小。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
实验组共有24名受试者,包括11名男性和13名女性,2组在性别、年龄、体质量、身高和BMI方面均无统计学上的显著差异。然而,实验组和对照组的MoCA和MMSE的评分提示2组认知评分存在显著差异(P<0.01,表1)。
通过宏基因组测序表明,实验组与对照组在Alpha多样性上无显著性差异(图1A),但主坐标分析(principal coordinate analysis,PCoa)显示2组人群肠道菌群组成明显分群,Beta多样性(反映菌群组成)差异明显(P<0.01,图1B)。
以菌门相对丰度百分比为纵坐标,组别为横坐标作门水平物种分布柱状图,2组主要以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、假单胞菌门、放线菌门和疣微菌门为主(图2A)。在种水平上,2组中平均丰度较高的菌种主要以大肠杆菌、普拉氏粪杆菌、阿加瑟菌直肠种、厌氧粘菌和海豹菌为主(图2B)。实验组较对照组大肠杆菌和海豹菌丰度升高(P<0.05,图2C、E),普拉氏粪杆菌和阿加瑟菌直肠种丰度减少(P<0.05,图2F、G),厌氧粘菌无明显变化(图2D)。
为进一步观察2组间菌群的差异,经LEFSE分析,结果显示,对照组和实验组具有显著差异的物种数量分别有12种、3种。实验组目水平的肠道关键菌群以肠杆菌目为主,科水平以肠杆菌科为主,种水平以粪便拟杆菌为主。对照组目水平以真细菌目为主,科水平以优杆菌科为主,属水平以真细菌属、粪杆菌属为主,种水平以普拉梭菌、粪杆菌、真杆菌、普氏菌、粪杆菌AF27-11BH、粪球菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、普雷沃菌属CAG617菌株为主(图3)。
肠道菌群组成和结构的改变常常会导致肠道菌群功能的变化,基于宏基因组数据对肠道菌群功能做了分析。研究结果表明,共有20个功能路径显示出显著差异。较对照组比较,牛磺酸和低牛磺酸代谢、叶酸生物合成、P53信号通路、GABA能突触、亚油酸代谢、癌症中的通路、孕酮介导的卵母细胞成熟、雌激素信号通路、抗原处理与呈递、Th17细胞分化、IL-17信号通路、前列腺癌、β-丙氨酸代谢、膦酸和亚膦酸酯代谢、癌中的胆碱代谢、糠醛降解、PI3K-Akt信号通路以及DNA复制上调(P<0.05)。嘌呤代谢、丙酮酸代谢较对照组降下调(P<0.05,图4)。
为了探究种水平上的差异菌种与认知评分及菌群功能的关联性,对两组人群的肠道菌群丰度与认知评分进行了Spearman相关性分析。分析结果显示,阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌的丰度与MoCA呈正相关。阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌与MMSE也显示出显著的正相关性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。进一步分析还发现,阿加瑟菌直肠种与IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化呈负相关(图5)。
现代生活方式和快速的技术进步改变了人们的工作和休息模式,而这些模式与内源性昼夜节律不一致,导致昼夜节律紊乱,例如轮班工作和时差反应[13]。对倒时差或轮班人群的研究发现,昼夜节律紊乱可导致认知障碍、精神疾病、代谢综合征、发育不良和癌症的发生[14]。本研究发现,昼夜节律紊乱人群的普拉氏粪杆菌和MMSE评分下降,有研究报道小鼠在昼夜节律紊乱后,行新物体识别实验及Y迷宫实验计算认知指数,发现认知指数也有所下降[9]。
人体胃肠道栖息着密集而多样的微生物,这些微生物在长期进化过程中与宿主形成了共生关系。人体肠道内微生物数量为1013~1014个,是人体细胞数量的10倍,其中以革兰阴性菌为主的拟杆菌门和以革兰阳性菌为主的厚壁菌门为优势菌群[15-16]。肠道菌群的多样性及各菌群的丰度受基因、饮食、药物、神经精神状况和年龄等多因素的影响。肠道菌群通过防御病原体、代谢膳食营养、影响食物吸收等途径在维持宿主健康方面发挥着重要作用。昼夜节律紊乱会增加多种疾病的发病风险,主要包括结直肠癌、乳腺癌、消化道溃疡、肠易激综合症、肥胖症、糖尿病、冠心病,也包括阿尔茨海默症和帕金森病在内的神经退行性疾病[17-18]。随着人们对肠道菌群不断深入的探究,微生物学与神经科学领域之间的联系日益紧密,从而引出了“微生物-肠-脑轴”的概念。微生物-肠-脑轴是指肠道菌群可通过生成代谢产物或通过调节神经信号转导、内分泌和免疫等机制影响中枢神经系统。肠道菌群对中枢神经系统的发育成熟至关重要。有研究发现,无菌小鼠小胶质细胞分化成熟障碍,免疫应答下降,恢复正常肠道菌群定植或补充短链脂肪酸后小鼠小胶质细胞得到修复[19]。人的肠道也是一个复杂的神经系统,包括交感神经和副交感神经在内的自主神经系统是将中枢神经系统与肠道联系起来的重要通路。由于大部分肠道菌群定居于肠道黏液层,自主神经可通过调节肠道黏液分泌进而影响肠道菌群[20]。在应激过程中,神经源性信号分子释放到肠腔内,某些肠道菌群存在这些分子的受体而与之结合,表明神经系统也可以直接调节肠道菌群的行为[21]。宿主与肠道菌群之间维持互利共生的稳态对机体的健康至关重要。已知肠道菌群参与忧郁、焦虑、自闭症、认知功能障碍、神经退行性疾病和脑血管疾病等神经精神疾病的发生发展[22] 。脑肠轴是一个复杂的网络,涉及神经系统、内分泌系统及免疫系统等多个系统之间的相互作用。肠道菌群可以通过影响这些系统的功能来调节认知功能[23]。肠道微生物的代谢产物如短链脂肪酸、γ-氨基丁酸及多巴胺等,都可影响中枢神经系统的功能,故而对患者认知功能产生影响[24]。
本研究采用宏基因组测序方法,检测了实验组和对照组的肠道菌群。结果发现,2组间Alpha多样性无统计学差异,而Beta多样性存在显著性差异(P<0.01),提示昼夜节律紊乱人群对比正常昼夜节律人类的肠道菌群组成有显著影响,导致了该组肠道菌群结构的改变。通过门水平和种水平丰富度比较及LEFSE分析,发现与昼夜节律正常人群相比,昼夜节律紊乱人群组中厚壁菌门较正常节律人群组中减少,拟杆菌门无明显变化,但假单胞菌门增多。研究显示,改变的厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比率与微生物生态失调相关,并且有报道指出,厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门比率降低可能导致肠道炎症状态增加[23-24]。本研究发现,昼夜节律紊乱人群厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的比率较昼夜节律正常人群下降,提示昼夜节律可能会导致肠道炎症状态增加。假单胞菌属的多个菌种如荧光假单胞菌及铜绿假单胞菌为临床上常见的致病菌[25-26]。昼夜节律紊乱后,假单胞菌也有所增加,可能会导致某些疾病发生的风险增加。在种水平上,昼夜节律紊乱人群中普拉氏粪杆菌和阿加瑟菌直肠种较昼夜节律正常人群丰度减少。普拉氏粪杆菌是厚壁菌门的重要成员,是正常人类微生物群中常见的细菌之一,这种产生丁酸盐的物种会影响体内平衡和生理过程[27]。睡眠剥夺可引起小鼠肠道菌群紊乱和肠道通透性增加,进而导致有毒物质进入肠道腔,诱导炎症和结肠上皮细胞程序性死亡。普拉氏粪杆菌的植入可重塑睡眠剥夺小鼠受干扰的肠道菌群,改善了过度转化炎症和细胞凋亡,增强了肠道完整性,并最终改善了肠道功能[28]。阿加瑟菌直肠种也可产生丁酸盐,而丁酸盐通过调节NF-κB信号通路,抑制脂多糖诱导的BV2小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症,从而可能改善认知功能及其他病理过程[29]。本研究结果以及过往的研究表明,与昼夜节律正常的人群相比,昼夜节律紊乱的人群体内普拉氏粪杆菌和阿加瑟菌直肠种的丰度较少,昼夜节律紊乱人群认知评分的下降可能和普拉氏粪杆菌和阿加瑟菌直肠种减少有关。
本研究发现昼夜节律紊乱人群和昼夜节律正常人群的肠道菌群改变,肠道菌群的结构改变可能会诱发新陈代谢紊乱并使炎症长期存在,昼夜节律紊乱可激活NF-κB并增加海马中IL-1β和TNF-α等炎症因子的释放,导致神经元损伤[30]。在KEGG功能分析中,发现昼夜节律紊乱人群的Th17细胞分化、IL-17信号通路表达较高。Th17细胞特异性产生白细胞介素17A(interleukin-17A,IL-17A),其具有促炎作用。Th17细胞同样也是多发性硬化病的主要元凶。Th17细胞分泌促炎细胞因子IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21、IL-22和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子,促进自身免疫性神经炎症[31]。此外,阿加瑟菌直肠种和普拉氏粪杆菌的丰度与普拉氏粪杆菌和MMSE评分呈正相关,提示这2种肠道菌群可能有助于提高认知评分。还发现阿加瑟菌直肠种与IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化呈负相关,阿加瑟菌直肠种可能通过抑制IL-17信号通路和Th17细胞分化的促炎作用,从而减少神经炎症,进而提高认知评分。
综上所述,昼夜节律紊乱人群与健康人群相比存在认知评分下降及肠道菌群相对丰度的变化,且认知评分与菌群丰度变化具有一定相关性。值得进一步探索菌群在昼夜节律紊乱后认知功能障碍发生中的作用机制,并探索基于菌群为靶点的潜在干预策略。

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2025年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412007
  • 接收时间:2024-12-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02
  • 修回日期:2025-02-28
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院消化内科,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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