Article(id=1322211047172329896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210968248107603, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412150, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=1741449600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793169279139, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793169279139, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793169279139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793169279139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322210968248107603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='893', pageEnd='1028', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1747238400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793169260321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793325292291, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322865413818536367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210968248107603, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322865413818536368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210968248107603, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=995, endPage=1002, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322211047382045097, articleId=1322211047172329896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Conflict occurrence and influencing factors among surrogate decision makers for RICU patients with mechanical ventilation, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To survey conflict occurrence in surrogate decision makers for respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) patients with mechanical ventilation and explore its influencing factors.

Methods‍

A total of 101 surrogate decision-makers of mechanical ventilation patients in RICU were subjected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from June 2024 to December 2024 by convenience sampling. General data questionnaire, Preparation for Decision Making Scale and Decisional Conflict Scale were used to conduct questionnaire survey. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to identify the influencing factors.

Results‍

The total score of decision readiness was 64.14±22.35, the total score of decision conflict was 35.18±26.47, and the incidence of decision conflict was 69.31% in the participants. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically differences in whether knowing about prognosis, relationship with patients, awareness of patients’ ideas about treatment, and understanding of information related to mechanical ventilation among the participants (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that decision readiness was negatively correlated with decision conflict and its 3 dimensions (P<0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that understanding of information related to mechanical ventilation and decision readiness were influencing factors for the decision conflict of the participants (P<0.001).

Conclusion‍

The decision conflict level is quite higher in the surrogate decision makers for RICU patients with mechanical ventilation, and the level is negatively correlated with the understanding of mechanical ventilation related information and decision readiness.

, authors=Lumeng WANG1, Wenjuan HAN2, Tengfei WAN2, Caiping SONG3, authorsList=Lumeng WANG, Wenjuan HAN, Tengfei WAN, Caiping SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Caiping SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322211047759532458, articleId=1322211047172329896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=呼吸重症监护室机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突发生及影响因素分析, columnId=1322185541475488183, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查呼吸重症监护室(respiratory intensive care unit,RICU)机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突发生并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2024年6-12月陆军军医大学第二附属医院101名RICU的机械通气患者代理决策者为调查对象。采用一般资料表、决策准备度量表、决策冲突量表进行问卷调查;采用单因素分析、Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归对影响因素进行分析。

结果

RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策准备度总分为(64.14±22.35)分;RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突总分为(35.18±26.47)分,决策冲突发生率为69.31%。单因素分析显示,是否清楚患者预后、与患者的关系、是否知道患者关于治疗的想法、对机械通气相关信息的了解程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,决策准备度与决策冲突及其3个维度均呈显著负相关关系(P<0.001);多元线性回归分析结果显示,对机械通气相关信息的了解程度、决策准备度为RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突的影响因素(P<0.001)。

结论

RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突水平较高,且代理决策者决策冲突水平与其机械通气相关信息了解程度和决策准备度呈显著负相关。

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宋彩萍,E-mail:
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指标例数决策冲突总分/分F/Z/HP
曾经是否使用过呼吸机-1.7550.079
是56(55.45)32.50
(0,52.25)
否45(44.55)48.00
(25.00,53.00)
APACHEⅡ评分/分1.3240.516
≤1031(30.70)50.00
(17.00,50.00)
>10~2038(37.62)33.00
(0,50.00)
>2032(31.68)47.00
(0,56.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1322211051756704211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征的RICU机械通气患者的决策冲突总分比较[n=101,例(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数决策冲突总分/分F/Z/HP
曾经是否使用过呼吸机-1.7550.079
是56(55.45)32.50
(0,52.25)
否45(44.55)48.00
(25.00,53.00)
APACHEⅡ评分/分1.3240.516
≤1031(30.70)50.00
(17.00,50.00)
>10~2038(37.62)33.00
(0,50.00)
>2032(31.68)47.00
(0,56.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1322211051823813076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数决策冲突总分/分F/Z/HP
性别-1.4670.142
男性54(53.46)33.00(0,50.75)
女性47(46.54)50.00(25.00,56.00)
职业-0.9990.318
医疗相关3(2.97)0
非医疗相关98(97.03)46.00(0,53.00)
是否清楚患者预后-3.1580.002
是41(40.59)25.00(0,50.00)
否60(59.41)50.00(25.00,58.00)
年龄/岁1.6610.195
18~4031(30.70)29.90±21.23
>40~5440(39.60)40.83±26.04
>5430(29.70)37.50±28.02
与患者的关系12.5250.002
夫妻27(26.73)53.00(31.00,64.00)
父母12(11.88)38.50(0,50.00)
子女62(61.39)31.00(0,50.00)
文化程度8.0140.091
小学及以下13(12.87)49.00(34.25,62.50)
初中/中专38(37.62)34.00(3.00,50.00)
高中/职高10(9.90)51.50(23.25,63.00)
大专/本科35(34.66)33.00(0,50.00)
硕士及以上5(4.95)33.00(0,52.50)
家庭人均年收入/万2.3610.501
<230(29.70)46.00(0,56.50)
2~526(25.74)50.00(25.00,50.75)
>5~820(19.80)43.50(0.75,58.00)
>825(24.75)33.00(0,50.00)
是否知道患者关于治疗的想法-2.2320.026
否59(58.41)48.00(17.00,58.00)
是42(41.59)33.00(0,50.00)
与医护人员讨论病情的频率/次5.6210.132
011(10.89)56.00(50.00,63.00)
1~542(41.59)37.50(12.00,50.00)
>5~1021(20.79)36.00(0,55.00)
>1027(26.73)33.00(0,50.00)
对机械通气相关信息的了解程度37.7490.001
不了解40(39.60)50.00(25.00,58.75)
一般了解47(46.54)47.00(16.00,50.00)
中等了解9(8.91)14.00(0,50.00)
非常了解5(4.95)0
), ArticleFig(id=1322211051899310549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征的RICU机械通气患者代理决策者的决策冲突总分比较[n=101,例(%),x¯±s, M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数决策冲突总分/分F/Z/HP
性别-1.4670.142
男性54(53.46)33.00(0,50.75)
女性47(46.54)50.00(25.00,56.00)
职业-0.9990.318
医疗相关3(2.97)0
非医疗相关98(97.03)46.00(0,53.00)
是否清楚患者预后-3.1580.002
是41(40.59)25.00(0,50.00)
否60(59.41)50.00(25.00,58.00)
年龄/岁1.6610.195
18~4031(30.70)29.90±21.23
>40~5440(39.60)40.83±26.04
>5430(29.70)37.50±28.02
与患者的关系12.5250.002
夫妻27(26.73)53.00(31.00,64.00)
父母12(11.88)38.50(0,50.00)
子女62(61.39)31.00(0,50.00)
文化程度8.0140.091
小学及以下13(12.87)49.00(34.25,62.50)
初中/中专38(37.62)34.00(3.00,50.00)
高中/职高10(9.90)51.50(23.25,63.00)
大专/本科35(34.66)33.00(0,50.00)
硕士及以上5(4.95)33.00(0,52.50)
家庭人均年收入/万2.3610.501
<230(29.70)46.00(0,56.50)
2~526(25.74)50.00(25.00,50.75)
>5~820(19.80)43.50(0.75,58.00)
>825(24.75)33.00(0,50.00)
是否知道患者关于治疗的想法-2.2320.026
否59(58.41)48.00(17.00,58.00)
是42(41.59)33.00(0,50.00)
与医护人员讨论病情的频率/次5.6210.132
011(10.89)56.00(50.00,63.00)
1~542(41.59)37.50(12.00,50.00)
>5~1021(20.79)36.00(0,55.00)
>1027(26.73)33.00(0,50.00)
对机械通气相关信息的了解程度37.7490.001
不了解40(39.60)50.00(25.00,58.75)
一般了解47(46.54)47.00(16.00,50.00)
中等了解9(8.91)14.00(0,50.00)
非常了解5(4.95)0
), ArticleFig(id=1322211051991585238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量条目数总分条目均分
决策准备度1064.14±22.356.41±2.24
决策冲突总条目1635.18±26.472.20±1.65
决策不确定性维度36.64±5.222.21±1.74
决策不确定因素维度920.20±15.432.25±1.71
感知有效性决策维度48.06±6.232.02±1.56
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052079665623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策准备度与决策冲突及其各维度得分(x¯±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量条目数总分条目均分
决策准备度1064.14±22.356.41±2.24
决策冲突总条目1635.18±26.472.20±1.65
决策不确定性维度36.64±5.222.21±1.74
决策不确定因素维度920.20±15.432.25±1.71
感知有效性决策维度48.06±6.232.02±1.56
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052146774488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称决策准备度总分决策冲突总分维度1维度2维度3
决策准备度1
决策冲突-0.552a1
维度1-0.465a0.927a1
维度2-0.556a0.984a0.871a1
维度3-0.512a0.948a0.920a0.898a1
维度1为决策不确定性维度,维度2为决策不确定因素维度,维度3为感知有效性决策维度;a:P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052260020697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策准备度与决策冲突及其各维度得分的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称决策准备度总分决策冲突总分维度1维度2维度3
决策准备度1
决策冲突-0.552a1
维度1-0.465a0.927a1
维度2-0.556a0.984a0.871a1
维度3-0.512a0.948a0.920a0.898a1
维度1为决策不确定性维度,维度2为决策不确定因素维度,维度3为感知有效性决策维度;a:P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052339712474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值赋值方法
是否清楚患者预后情况是=1,否=0
与患者的关系配偶=1,父母=2,子女=3,
是否知道患者关于治疗的想法是=1,否=0
对机械通气相关信息的了解程度不了解=1,一般了解=2,中等了解=3,非常了解=4
决策准备度原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052452958683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策冲突影响因素的自变量赋值方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值赋值方法
是否清楚患者预后情况是=1,否=0
与患者的关系配偶=1,父母=2,子女=3,
是否知道患者关于治疗的想法是=1,否=0
对机械通气相关信息的了解程度不了解=1,一般了解=2,中等了解=3,非常了解=4
决策准备度原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052515873244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β标准误标准化βtPVIF95%CI
(常量)96.93812.061-8.037<0.00172.993~120.883
对机械通气相关信息的了解程度-9.8922.361-0.372-4.189<0.0011.618-14.580~-5.204
决策准备度-0.4330.105-0.380-4.114<0.0011.751-0.642~-0.224
F=22.077,P<0.001,R2=0.537,调整后R2=0.513
), ArticleFig(id=1322211052599759325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322211047172329896, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策冲突影响因素的多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β标准误标准化βtPVIF95%CI
(常量)96.93812.061-8.037<0.00172.993~120.883
对机械通气相关信息的了解程度-9.8922.361-0.372-4.189<0.0011.618-14.580~-5.204
决策准备度-0.4330.105-0.380-4.114<0.0011.751-0.642~-0.224
F=22.077,P<0.001,R2=0.537,调整后R2=0.513
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呼吸重症监护室机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突发生及影响因素分析
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王露梦 1 , 韩文娟 2 , 万腾飞 2 , 宋彩萍 3
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学 2025,47(9): 995-1002
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学 2025 , 47 (9) : 995 -1002
呼吸重症监护室机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突发生及影响因素分析
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王露梦1, 韩文娟2, 万腾飞2, 宋彩萍3
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院:呼吸科监护室,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院:护理处,重庆
  • 3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院:院办,重庆
通讯作者:
宋彩萍,E-mail:
SONG Caiping,E-mail:
Conflict occurrence and influencing factors among surrogate decision makers for RICU patients with mechanical ventilation
Lumeng WANG1, Wenjuan HAN2, Tengfei WAN2, Caiping SONG3
Affiliations
  • 1Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 2Nursing Office, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 3Hospital Administration Office, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412150
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目的

调查呼吸重症监护室(respiratory intensive care unit,RICU)机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突发生并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2024年6-12月陆军军医大学第二附属医院101名RICU的机械通气患者代理决策者为调查对象。采用一般资料表、决策准备度量表、决策冲突量表进行问卷调查;采用单因素分析、Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归对影响因素进行分析。

结果

RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策准备度总分为(64.14±22.35)分;RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突总分为(35.18±26.47)分,决策冲突发生率为69.31%。单因素分析显示,是否清楚患者预后、与患者的关系、是否知道患者关于治疗的想法、对机械通气相关信息的了解程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,决策准备度与决策冲突及其3个维度均呈显著负相关关系(P<0.001);多元线性回归分析结果显示,对机械通气相关信息的了解程度、决策准备度为RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突的影响因素(P<0.001)。

结论

RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突水平较高,且代理决策者决策冲突水平与其机械通气相关信息了解程度和决策准备度呈显著负相关。

呼吸重症监护室  /  机械通气  /  代理决策  /  决策冲突  /  影响因素
Objective‍

To survey conflict occurrence in surrogate decision makers for respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) patients with mechanical ventilation and explore its influencing factors.

Methods‍

A total of 101 surrogate decision-makers of mechanical ventilation patients in RICU were subjected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from June 2024 to December 2024 by convenience sampling. General data questionnaire, Preparation for Decision Making Scale and Decisional Conflict Scale were used to conduct questionnaire survey. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to identify the influencing factors.

Results‍

The total score of decision readiness was 64.14±22.35, the total score of decision conflict was 35.18±26.47, and the incidence of decision conflict was 69.31% in the participants. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically differences in whether knowing about prognosis, relationship with patients, awareness of patients’ ideas about treatment, and understanding of information related to mechanical ventilation among the participants (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that decision readiness was negatively correlated with decision conflict and its 3 dimensions (P<0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that understanding of information related to mechanical ventilation and decision readiness were influencing factors for the decision conflict of the participants (P<0.001).

Conclusion‍

The decision conflict level is quite higher in the surrogate decision makers for RICU patients with mechanical ventilation, and the level is negatively correlated with the understanding of mechanical ventilation related information and decision readiness.

respiratory intensive care unit  /  mechanical ventilation  /  agency decision  /  decision conflict  /  influencing factor
王露梦, 韩文娟, 万腾飞, 宋彩萍. 呼吸重症监护室机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突发生及影响因素分析. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (9) : 995 -1002 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412150
Lumeng WANG, Wenjuan HAN, Tengfei WAN, Caiping SONG. Conflict occurrence and influencing factors among surrogate decision makers for RICU patients with mechanical ventilation[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (9) : 995 -1002 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412150
机械通气(mechanical ventilation,MV)是救治危重症患者常用的生命支持技术之一,在重症监护室的使用率高达73%[1]。而呼吸重症监护室(respiratory intensive care unit,RICU)主要收治由各种病因导致的呼吸衰竭患者,其对机械通气的需要则更为迫切和突出。调查显示,95%ICU患者的决策权由代理决策者代替[2]。在我国,民法典规定代理决策者需按法定或接受委托书而确定[3-4]。由于ICU临床决策的突发性和不确定性,往往使代理决策者陷入决策冲突[5]。决策冲突指当面临不同的风险、潜在的损失等多种选择时,决策者对治疗选择的不确定状态[6]。代理决策者陷入决策冲突时,会对接下来的决策犹豫不决,从而耽误患者实施治疗、延误病情,最后表现为难以接受患者的不良结局[7]。目前,国内关于决策冲突的研究多以慢性病或癌症患者[8-9]为主,聚焦ICU患者代理决策者的相关研究较少[10],且目前尚缺乏对RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突的相关研究。本研究旨在了解RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突现状及影响因素,为临床干预提供有益参考。
采取便利抽样法,纳入2024年6-12月陆军军医大学第二附属医院RICU机械通气患者代理决策者为研究对象。患者纳入标准:RICU行机械通气的患者。患者排除标准:能自主决策的机械通气患者(如可以自主决策的行无创机械通气患者等)。代理决策者纳入标准:①年龄≥18岁,其为临床决策的实际决策者,有独立行为能力,无认知障碍及其他精神疾病;②配合且自愿签署临床授权同意书;③能阅读和理解中文,可以理解问卷基本内容。代理决策者排除标准:①放弃抢救患者;②参加其他研究。根据影响因素研究的样本量计算方法[11],样本量至少应为自变量数目的5~10倍,基于文献回顾和专家会议,从患者和代理决策者2个角度出发,本研究共纳入12个自变量,同时考虑15%的无效问卷,确定所需的样本量为69~138例。最终本研究实际纳入101例RICU机械通气患者代理决策者。本研究已通过陆军军医大学第二附属医院伦理委员会审批(2024-研第168-01)。
该量表由研究小组结合文献设计后通过专家会议确定,与患者相关的信息包括:疾病诊断、入院24 h内急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅱ)、曾经是否使用过呼吸机,该部分从病历文书中获取;与代理决策者相关的信息包括:性别、年龄、职业、是否清楚患者预后、家庭人均年收入、与患者的关系、文化程度、是否知道患者关于治疗的想法、与医护人员讨论病情的频率、对机械通气相关信息的了解程度(从“不了解”至“非常了解”),该部分由代理决策者自行填写。
该量表由BENNETT等[12]编制,李玉[13]汉化,常用于评估个体在决策过程中医患沟通的准备情况,该量表一共有10个条目,采用Likert 5级评分,从“一点也没有”至“非常多”分别赋值1~5分,得分转换为百分制后,总分为20~100分,量表得分越高说明决策准备程度越好,若得分<60分表示决策者决策准备不足,量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.95。本研究中量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.98。
该量表由O’CONNOR[14]开发,王露等[15]汉化,常用于衡量决策者在面临各种医疗决策时的不确定性、导致不确定性的可控因素以及选择的有效性。该量表包含3个维度,分别为决策不确定性(3个条目)、决策不确定因素(9个条目)、感知有效性决策(4个条目),共16个条目,采用Likert 5级评分,从“非常同意”至“非常不同意”分别赋值0~4分,得分转换为百分制后,总分为0~100分。<25.0分表示决策者不存在决策冲突,25.0~37.5分表示决策冲突处于中度水平,>37.5分表示决策冲突处于高度水平,其Cronbach’s α系数为0.89。本研究中量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.98,其中决策不确定性维度Cronbach’s α系数为0.94、决策不确定因素维度Cronbach’s α系数为0.97、感知有效性决策维度Cronbach’s α系数为0.95。
通过2个阶段的筛选确定调查对象。第1阶段,研究者查看住院患者的病历资料,查询患者是否行机械通气、有无代理决策者;第2阶段,当患者符合上述条件后,研究者在代理决策者探视结束后,与其取得联系,进行资格筛查;当确定代理决策者有资格参与此研究后,研究者邀请其至医患沟通室,详细说明调查目的、方法,获得代理决策者的知情同意并签名。研究者详细说明问卷填写要求和注意事项,保证代理决策者在充分理解的基础上根据实际情况填写。研究者本人检查所有问卷的填写,若研究对象对条目存疑,则研究者现场解答。研究人员录入数据后,双人校对。最终发放问卷110份,回收问卷106份,剔除无效问卷5份,有效问卷101份,有效回收率为95.28%。
所有数据采用Microsoft Excel建立数据库,采用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料采用例(%)描述;正态分布的计量资料采用x¯±s描述,采用单因素方差分析进行比较;非正态分布的计量资料用M(P25,P75)描述,采用非参数检验;相关性分析采用Pearson分析;将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入多元线性回归进行分析。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
纳入101例患者,患者入院24 h内APACHEⅡ评分中位数为16分。患者疾病首要诊断中,占比前3的疾病分别为慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(n=24,23.76%)、重症肺炎(n=22,21.78%)、肺部感染(n=18,17.82%)。见表1。
纳入的101名代理决策者中,男性54名,年龄为(47.44±11.78)岁,代理决策者中子女占比最高,从事非医疗相关职业占比最高,代理决策者不清楚患者预后占比最高,代理决策者为高中/职高及以下学历占比最高,家庭人均年收入<2万占比最高,代理决策者不知道患者关于治疗的想法占比最高,与医护人员讨论病情频率中1~5次占比最高,代理决策者对机械通气相关信息的了解程度在一般了解及以下水平占比最高(表2)。
代理决策者相关资料中,是否清楚患者预后、与患者的关系、是否知道患者关于治疗的想法、对机械通气相关信息的了解程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。
30名(29.70%)患者代理决策者决策准备度低于60分;70名(69.31%)患者代理决策者存在决策冲突,53名(52.48%)患者代理决策者决策冲突处于高度水平。见表3。
RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策准备度与决策冲突及其各维度均呈显著负相关(P<0.001,表4)。
以RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策冲突为因变量,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量以及代理决策者决策准备度总分为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析。RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策冲突影响因素的自变量赋值方式见表5。结果显示:对机械通气相关信息的了解程度、决策准备度对代理决策者决策冲突的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,表6)。
本研究中,RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策冲突总分为(35.18±26.47)分,决策冲突总体处于中高度水平。王丽萍等[16]的调查显示,颅内肿瘤患者代理决策者决策冲突总分为(34.74±14.38)分,与本研究结果相似,廖宗峰等[17]的调查显示,神经内科ICU代理决策者决策冲突总分为(31.60±6.17)分,低于本研究结果。究其原因,首先,ICU的决策紧急且重要,由于与机械通气治疗措施相关的决策,其紧急性和重要性则更为突出,导致代理决策者决策冲突更易发生。其次,随着医疗水平的发展,提供给代理决策者更多选择的同时,也充满了更多未知性和不确定性,导致代理决策者在决策时产生更多的犹豫,决策冲突水平反而升高。另外,本研究结果显示,决策不确定因素维度均分最高,为(2.25±1.71)分,其次为决策不确定性维度,为(2.21±1.74)分。这表明代理决策者在选择机械通气治疗时易受多种因素干扰,具体表现为代理决策者对每种治疗方式的利弊不清楚、机械通气相关知识欠缺、社会支持缺乏等。本调查结果提示,RICU机械通气患者代理决策者的信息了解水平和医务人员的信息了解水平不对等,甚至相差甚远,因此应该加强对RICU机械通气患者代理决策者的关注,在代理决策者进行决策时应尽可能提供全面的决策相关信息,增加代理决策者对决策信息的了解,降低代理决策者决策冲突水平。
本研究结果显示,对机械通气相关信息的了解程度是患者代理决策者决策冲突的重要影响因素,接受机械通气相关知识宣教、对机械通气了解程度越高的代理决策者,决策冲突水平得分越低,与祁聪慧[18]研究结果一致。究其原因,由于RICU多收治由各种病因导致呼吸衰竭的患者,而机械通气能使患者保持呼吸道通畅、迅速纠正缺氧、改善通气,对患者的呼吸、循环等系统有着至关重要的作用。当代理决策者对机械通气相关信息了解程度越高时,越清楚机械通气对患者的治疗作用,越能正确估计患者进行机械通气后的预后效果,减少决策的不确定感,进而降低决策冲突水平。研究表明,医护人员为患者代理决策者提供可视化的决策辅助工具,详细说明各种治疗的利弊风险,帮助代理决策者理解各种选择可能带来的预后效果,可降低患者代理决策者决策冲突[19-21]。目前,我国关于决策辅助工具的研究较少,多在慢性病[22]、癌症[23]等方面运用,近年来有学者开始关注决策辅助手册对长期机械通气患者家属的影响[24-25],但二者均参考了国外的长期机械通气决策辅助手册,医护人员可以结合我国医疗文化背景,参考现有的理论框架,科学构建RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策辅助工具,以期促进代理决策者做出高效且适合的决策。
本研究结果显示,RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策准备度与决策冲突水平呈显著负相关关系,患者代理决策者决策准备程度越低,其决策冲突水平越高,这与雎琪玉[26]研究结果一致,29.70%的代理决策者决策准备不足,低于乔晓婷等[10]研究结果。究其原因:①可能由于目前ICU的医护人员工作负荷重,导致医患沟通时间有限,且医护人员向代理决策者沟通的内容过于专业,难以帮助他们准确了解机械通气的目的和注意事项,代理决策者也无法通过自己的理解准确表达自己的疑问,导致代理决策者在决策时可能没有真正理解决策的意义,导致决策冲突的产生;②本研究的代理决策者大部分为中老年人,他们的信息检索能力和信息摄取能力相对青年人更低,故该人群自主了解决策相关信息的能力更弱,这种对决策的未知可能会使代理决策者陷入更大的决策冲突之中。研究表明,以渥太华决策支持理论为基础制定的决策辅助手册可帮助代理决策者充分了解信息,明确对于患者及代理决策者来说最重要的风险与收益,提高其决策准备度,降低决策冲突[16,27]。基于问题提示清单和个人决策指导决策辅助干预也可有效提高患者及其代理决策者的决策准备度,减少决策不确定性,降低决策冲突[28]。因此,医护人员可通过收集现有机械通气的资料,改变医患沟通方式,运用图片、视频、动画等通俗易懂的方法来增加代理决策者对相关信息的了解程度。
本研究发现除上述因素外,还有一些因素也可能会对RICU机械通气患者代理决策者的决策冲突产生影响。单因素分析时发现:是否清楚患者预后以及是否知道患者对治疗的想法的决策冲突水平存在显著差异。代理决策者在不清楚患者的预后时,决策冲突水平更高,原因是与患者相关的决策信息了解不足时,代理决策者会面临更多的不确定性,导致其在做出决策时更易陷入决策冲突[29]。代理决策者不知道患者对治疗的想法时,其决策冲突水平更高,原因是代理决策者不知道患者对治疗的想法,会使其担心和害怕所做的决策与患者的期望不符,从而导致决策冲突水平更高。有研究指出,能正确预测患者治疗偏好的代理决策者不到2/3,代理决策者在为患者承担如此重要且极具挑战性的角色时,他们所承受的压力可能会导致决策冲突[30]。此外,本研究结果显示,医疗相关职业的代理决策者决策冲突水平明显低于非医疗相关职业的代理决策者,原因是从事医疗相关工作者,由于有医疗相关的背景,其能较快地接受患者疾病的事实,并且准确地理解不同治疗方案的利弊,摆正对疾病治疗的态度,使其决策冲突处于低水平。但以上变量并未进入回归模型,考虑可能与样本量有关,本研究只纳入了101例RICU机械通气患者的代理决策者,样本可能存在偏移。未来可在扩大样本量的基础上更全面地分析探讨决策冲突的潜在预测因素。
综上所述,RICU患者机械通气时代理决策者决策冲突水平较高,医护人员除重点关注患者外,还需关注代理决策者并给予支持。对机械通气相关信息了解程度越低、决策准备度越低的代理决策者决策冲突水平越高,这些因素可作为未来干预研究的靶点,进一步制订符合我国RICU情境下的决策冲突干预方案,采取针对性的决策支持措施,引导患者代理决策者积极参与决策,降低决策冲突,提高决策质量,提高代理决策者医疗满意度。本研究进行的现状调查为单中心、小样本调查,可能存在偏倚,这可能影响结果的全面性。后续可通过大规模、多中心的横断面调查进一步探索RICU机械通气患者代理决策者决策冲突水平的影响因素。

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2025年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412150
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
  • 修回日期:2025-03-09
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院:呼吸科监护室,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院:护理处,重庆
    3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院:院办,重庆

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宋彩萍,E-mail:
SONG Caiping,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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