Article(id=1322192323954455118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322192284670603597, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504088, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=1751212800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164815175, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164815175, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164815175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164815175, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322192284670603597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1685', pageEnd='1824', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755187200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164805810, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164826583, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322192371861799855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322192284670603597, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322192371861799856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322192284670603597, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1771, endPage=1781, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322192324289999439, articleId=1322192323954455118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Remimazolam attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by regulating ferroptosis through CX43, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate whether remimazolam attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice by regulating ferroptosis through connexin-43 (CX43).

Methods‍

Molecular docking was applied to predict the binding affinity of remimazolam to CX43. A total of 72 SPF-grade adult male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old, weighing 20~25 g) were subjected. Thirty of them were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), I/R group 1, and I/R+10, 20 and 40 mg/kg remimazolam groups (RM10, RM20 and RM40 groups), with 6 mice in each group. Another 30 mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=6), I/R group 2, erastin group (E group), I/R+40 mg/kg remimazolam group 2 (RM40 group 2), I/R+Fer-1 group (Fer-1 group), and erastin +40 mg/kg remimazolam group (ERM group). The left 12 mice were randomly and equally grouped into I/R+RM+oe-NC group (oe-NC group) and I/R+RM+oe-CX43 group (oe-CX43 group). The Fer-1 group was given an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg Fer-1 in 1 h prior to reperfusion, the E group was given 10 mg/kg erastin intraperitoneally 1 d before modeling, and all the remimazolam groups, the oe-NC group and the oe-CX43 group were injected intravenously with corresponding doses of remimazolam 30 min pre-modeling, while the oe-NC and oe-CX43 groups were injected with empty vector virus and overexpression of CX43 vector virus, respectively, 48 h before the administration of remimazolam. A mouse intestinal I/R injury model was constructed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 30 min. The small intestine tissues were harvested and observed for pathological changes, and the intestinal mucosal damage was assessed with Chiu’s score. The contents of Fe2+, total iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by colorimetric assay; the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DHE probe; the expression of ferroptosis-related genes was determined by RT-qPCR; and the expression levels of CX43, GPX4, and SLC7A11 were detected by Western blotting.

Results‍

Molecular docking indicated that remimazolam had a binding energy of -6.699 kcal/mol with CX43 protein, suggesting good binding affinity between them. Compared with the Sham group, the I/R group 1 showed increases in Chiu’s scores and CX43 expression (P<0.05), along with pathological damage to intestinal tissues, and elevated contents of Fe2+, total iron, ROS and MDA (P<0.05), and down-regulated GPX4 and SLC7A11 (P<0.05). Compared with the I/R group 1, Chiu’s score was reduced in the RM40 group, and CX43 was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), contents of Fe2+, total iron, ROS, and MDA were decreased (P<0.05), and expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 were enhanced (P<0.05), and severity of intestinal histological damage was attenuated in both the RM40 and Fer-1 groups. Compared with the E group, the ERM group had the decreases in CX43 expression level (P<0.05), Fe2+, total iron, ROS, and MDA contents (P<0.05), and increases in GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression levels (P<0.05), with the improvement in intestinal tissue. Compared with the oe-NC group, overexpression of CX43 resulted in the increased CX43 expression, elevated contents of Fe2+, total iron, ROS and MDA (P<0.05) and decreased expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 (P<0.05), leading to the exacerbated injury in intestinal tissue.

Conclusion‍

Remimazolam attenuates intestinal I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through down-regulating CX43 expression.

, authors=Lingguo KONG1, 2, Yufang LENG1, 3, Xiaojie MA1, Jialu MU1, authorsList=Lingguo KONG, Yufang LENG, Xiaojie MA, Jialu MU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yufang LENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322192327456698970, articleId=1322192323954455118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=瑞马唑仑通过CX43调控铁死亡减轻小鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤研究, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究瑞马唑仑通过间隙蛋白43(connexin-43,CX43)调控铁死亡减轻小鼠肠缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)损伤。

方法

利用分子对接技术预测瑞马唑仑与CX43蛋白的结合亲和力。采用SPF级健康成年雄性C57BL/6J小鼠72只,6~8周龄,体质量20~25 g。实验一,采用随机数字表法将30只小鼠分为(n=6):假手术组(S组)、I/R组(I/R1组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑10 mg/kg组(RM10组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑20 mg/kg组(RM20组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(RM40组);实验二,采用随机数字表法将30只小鼠分为(n=6):I/R组(I/R2组)、Erastin组(E组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(RM40-2组)、I/R+Fer-1组(Fer-1组)、Erastin+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(ERM组);实验三,采用随机数字表法将12只小鼠分为(n=6):I/R+RM+oe-NC组(oe-NC组)和I/R+RM+oe-CX43组(oe-CX43组)。Fer-1组于再灌注前1 h腹腔注射Fer-1 5 mg/kg,E组于造模前1 d腹腔注射Erastin 10 mg/kg,各剂量瑞马唑仑组、oe-NC组及oe-CX43组于造模前30 min尾静脉注射瑞马唑仑,oe-NC组和oe-CX43组分别于给瑞马唑仑前48 h尾静脉注射空载载体病毒及过表达CX43载体病毒。采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉45 min再灌注30 min的方法构建小鼠肠I/R损伤模型。光镜下观察小肠组织病理学变化并行Chiu’s评分评估肠黏膜损伤程度;比色法检测Fe2+、总铁、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的含量;DHE探针测定活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量;RT-qPCR检测铁死亡相关基因表达;Western blot法检测CX43、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)的表达水平。

结果

分子对接结果表明,瑞马唑仑与CX43蛋白结合能为-6.699 kcal/mol。与S组相比,I/R1组Chiu’s评分升高,CX43表达上调(P<0.05),Fe2+、总铁、ROS、MDA含量升高(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达下调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度加重。与I/R组相比,RM40组Chiu’s评分降低;RM40组和Fer-1组CX43表达均显著下调(P<0.05),Fe²⁺、总铁、ROS和MDA含量降低(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度减轻。与E组相比,ERM组CX43表达下调(P<0.05),Fe2+、总铁、ROS、MDA含量降低(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度减轻。与oe-NC组相比,oe-CX43组CX43表达上调(P<0.05),Fe2+、总铁、ROS、MDA含量升高(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达下调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度加重。

结论

瑞马唑仑通过下调CX43表达抑制铁死亡减轻肠I/R损伤。

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冷玉芳,E-mail:
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a:P<0.05,与S组比较;b:P<0.05,与I/R1组比较;c:P<0.05,与RM10组比较;d:P<0.05,与RM20组比较A:小鼠肠组织HE染色结果;B:小鼠肠组织Chiu’s评分;C:小鼠肠组织Fe2+及总铁的含量;D:DHE探针检测小鼠肠组织中ROS含量;E:小鼠肠组织GSH、MDA及SOD含量;F:RT-qPCR检测小鼠肠组织中铁死亡相关因子mRNA相对表达量;G:Western blot检测小鼠肠组织中铁死亡相关因子蛋白相对表达量

, figureFileSmall=x/WET4+sRK3bPBO10bMelA==, figureFileBig=No8Ap0EQvTW6p+A7DHQ4ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322192331747472008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322192323954455118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rXpWxEYL2NO/p/jcTgMERA==, figureFileBig=y8APq1tf5UEc7x44+fE+iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322192331814580873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322192323954455118, language=CN, label=图4, caption=瑞马唑仑对铁死亡及肠I/R损伤小鼠肠组织损伤的影响(n=6,x¯±s)

a:P<0.05,与I/R2组比较;b:P<0.05,与E组比较A:小鼠肠组织HE染色结果;B:小鼠肠组织Fe2+及总铁的含量;C:DHE探针检测小鼠肠组织中ROS含量;D:小鼠肠组织GSH、MDA及SOD的含量;E:RT-qPCR检测小鼠肠组织中铁死亡相关因子mRNA相对表达量;F:Western blot检测小鼠肠组织中铁死亡相关因子蛋白相对表达量

, figureFileSmall=rXpWxEYL2NO/p/jcTgMERA==, figureFileBig=y8APq1tf5UEc7x44+fE+iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322192331877495434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322192323954455118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nYinS1mIxkibu990qY19tA==, figureFileBig=chL6VfG/dzTh43wvUipA3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322192331944604299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322192323954455118, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CX43在瑞马唑仑改善肠I/R损伤小鼠肠组织损伤及铁死亡的作用(n=6,x¯±s)

a:P<0.05,与oe-NC组比较A:小鼠肠组织HE染色结果;B:小鼠肠组织Fe2+及总铁的含量;C:DHE探针检测小鼠肠组织中ROS含量;D:小鼠肠组织GSH、MDA及SOD的含量;E:RT-qPCR检测小鼠肠组织中铁死亡相关因子mRNA相对表达量;F:Western blot检测小鼠肠组织中铁死亡相关因子蛋白相对表达量

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瑞马唑仑通过CX43调控铁死亡减轻小鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤研究
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孔令国 1, 2 , 冷玉芳 1, 3 , 马小杰 1 , 慕佳璐 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(15): 1771-1781
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (15) : 1771 -1781
瑞马唑仑通过CX43调控铁死亡减轻小鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤研究
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孔令国1, 2, 冷玉芳1, 3 , 马小杰1, 慕佳璐1
作者信息
  • 1兰州大学第一临床医学院,甘肃 兰州
  • 2甘肃省妇幼保健院麻醉科,甘肃 兰州
  • 3兰州大学第一医院麻醉科,甘肃 兰州
通讯作者:
冷玉芳,E-mail:
LENG Yufang,E-mail:
Remimazolam attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by regulating ferroptosis through CX43
Lingguo KONG1, 2, Yufang LENG1, 3 , Xiaojie MA1, Jialu MU1
Affiliations
  • 1First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu
  • 2Department of Anaesthesiology,Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital,Lanzhou,Gansu
  • 3Department of Anesthesiology,First Hospital of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu,China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504088
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目的

探究瑞马唑仑通过间隙蛋白43(connexin-43,CX43)调控铁死亡减轻小鼠肠缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)损伤。

方法

利用分子对接技术预测瑞马唑仑与CX43蛋白的结合亲和力。采用SPF级健康成年雄性C57BL/6J小鼠72只,6~8周龄,体质量20~25 g。实验一,采用随机数字表法将30只小鼠分为(n=6):假手术组(S组)、I/R组(I/R1组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑10 mg/kg组(RM10组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑20 mg/kg组(RM20组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(RM40组);实验二,采用随机数字表法将30只小鼠分为(n=6):I/R组(I/R2组)、Erastin组(E组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(RM40-2组)、I/R+Fer-1组(Fer-1组)、Erastin+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(ERM组);实验三,采用随机数字表法将12只小鼠分为(n=6):I/R+RM+oe-NC组(oe-NC组)和I/R+RM+oe-CX43组(oe-CX43组)。Fer-1组于再灌注前1 h腹腔注射Fer-1 5 mg/kg,E组于造模前1 d腹腔注射Erastin 10 mg/kg,各剂量瑞马唑仑组、oe-NC组及oe-CX43组于造模前30 min尾静脉注射瑞马唑仑,oe-NC组和oe-CX43组分别于给瑞马唑仑前48 h尾静脉注射空载载体病毒及过表达CX43载体病毒。采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉45 min再灌注30 min的方法构建小鼠肠I/R损伤模型。光镜下观察小肠组织病理学变化并行Chiu’s评分评估肠黏膜损伤程度;比色法检测Fe2+、总铁、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的含量;DHE探针测定活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量;RT-qPCR检测铁死亡相关基因表达;Western blot法检测CX43、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)的表达水平。

结果

分子对接结果表明,瑞马唑仑与CX43蛋白结合能为-6.699 kcal/mol。与S组相比,I/R1组Chiu’s评分升高,CX43表达上调(P<0.05),Fe2+、总铁、ROS、MDA含量升高(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达下调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度加重。与I/R组相比,RM40组Chiu’s评分降低;RM40组和Fer-1组CX43表达均显著下调(P<0.05),Fe²⁺、总铁、ROS和MDA含量降低(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度减轻。与E组相比,ERM组CX43表达下调(P<0.05),Fe2+、总铁、ROS、MDA含量降低(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度减轻。与oe-NC组相比,oe-CX43组CX43表达上调(P<0.05),Fe2+、总铁、ROS、MDA含量升高(P<0.05),GPX4和SLC7A11表达下调(P<0.05),肠道组织学损伤程度加重。

结论

瑞马唑仑通过下调CX43表达抑制铁死亡减轻肠I/R损伤。

肠缺血再灌注损伤  /  瑞马唑仑  /  间隙蛋白43  /  铁死亡
Objective‍

To investigate whether remimazolam attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice by regulating ferroptosis through connexin-43 (CX43).

Methods‍

Molecular docking was applied to predict the binding affinity of remimazolam to CX43. A total of 72 SPF-grade adult male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old, weighing 20~25 g) were subjected. Thirty of them were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), I/R group 1, and I/R+10, 20 and 40 mg/kg remimazolam groups (RM10, RM20 and RM40 groups), with 6 mice in each group. Another 30 mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=6), I/R group 2, erastin group (E group), I/R+40 mg/kg remimazolam group 2 (RM40 group 2), I/R+Fer-1 group (Fer-1 group), and erastin +40 mg/kg remimazolam group (ERM group). The left 12 mice were randomly and equally grouped into I/R+RM+oe-NC group (oe-NC group) and I/R+RM+oe-CX43 group (oe-CX43 group). The Fer-1 group was given an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg Fer-1 in 1 h prior to reperfusion, the E group was given 10 mg/kg erastin intraperitoneally 1 d before modeling, and all the remimazolam groups, the oe-NC group and the oe-CX43 group were injected intravenously with corresponding doses of remimazolam 30 min pre-modeling, while the oe-NC and oe-CX43 groups were injected with empty vector virus and overexpression of CX43 vector virus, respectively, 48 h before the administration of remimazolam. A mouse intestinal I/R injury model was constructed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 30 min. The small intestine tissues were harvested and observed for pathological changes, and the intestinal mucosal damage was assessed with Chiu’s score. The contents of Fe2+, total iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by colorimetric assay; the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DHE probe; the expression of ferroptosis-related genes was determined by RT-qPCR; and the expression levels of CX43, GPX4, and SLC7A11 were detected by Western blotting.

Results‍

Molecular docking indicated that remimazolam had a binding energy of -6.699 kcal/mol with CX43 protein, suggesting good binding affinity between them. Compared with the Sham group, the I/R group 1 showed increases in Chiu’s scores and CX43 expression (P<0.05), along with pathological damage to intestinal tissues, and elevated contents of Fe2+, total iron, ROS and MDA (P<0.05), and down-regulated GPX4 and SLC7A11 (P<0.05). Compared with the I/R group 1, Chiu’s score was reduced in the RM40 group, and CX43 was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), contents of Fe2+, total iron, ROS, and MDA were decreased (P<0.05), and expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 were enhanced (P<0.05), and severity of intestinal histological damage was attenuated in both the RM40 and Fer-1 groups. Compared with the E group, the ERM group had the decreases in CX43 expression level (P<0.05), Fe2+, total iron, ROS, and MDA contents (P<0.05), and increases in GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression levels (P<0.05), with the improvement in intestinal tissue. Compared with the oe-NC group, overexpression of CX43 resulted in the increased CX43 expression, elevated contents of Fe2+, total iron, ROS and MDA (P<0.05) and decreased expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 (P<0.05), leading to the exacerbated injury in intestinal tissue.

Conclusion‍

Remimazolam attenuates intestinal I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through down-regulating CX43 expression.

intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury  /  remimazolam  /  connexin-43  /  ferroptosis
孔令国, 冷玉芳, 马小杰, 慕佳璐. 瑞马唑仑通过CX43调控铁死亡减轻小鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (15) : 1771 -1781 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504088
Lingguo KONG, Yufang LENG, Xiaojie MA, Jialu MU. Remimazolam attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by regulating ferroptosis through CX43[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (15) : 1771 -1781 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504088
缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)损伤是指在组织或器官缺血一段时间后恢复血流时,组织损伤进一步加重,器官功能急剧恶化的病理生理现象[1]。肠I/R损伤常发生于围术期,如休克、肠梗阻、肠系膜栓塞等情况,其发病率和病死率极高[2]。然而目前对肠I/R损伤相关机制的科学认识尚不全面。
铁死亡是一种以脂质过氧化为特征的程序性细胞死亡方式。在肠I/R损伤中,长链酰基辅酶A合成酶4(acyl-coa synthetase long chain family member 4,ACSL4)等促铁死亡基因显著上调,而溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)等抗铁死亡基因表达下调[3-7]。细胞间隙蛋白43(connexin-43,CX43)介导细胞内容物及炎症介质的释放。研究证实下调CX43可显著抑制铁死亡[8-9]。CX43介导心脏等器官的I/R损伤,其过表达导致肠损伤[10-12]。
瑞马唑仑是一种新型超短效苯二氮䓬类麻醉药物,与丙泊酚、咪达唑仑等传统药物相比,其安全性更高,尤其适用于需精细调控麻醉深度以保护肠道功能的临床场景。瑞马唑仑在体内经羧酸酯酶代谢且代谢迅速,半衰期为(0.75±0.15)h,可实现对麻醉时间和深度更为精准的控制,进而减少麻醉药物在体内的蓄积对肠道可能产生的潜在不良影响;同时在肠I/R损伤的相关手术中,瑞马唑仑在提供稳定麻醉效果的同时,对血流动力学的影响相对较小,能维持肠道的血液灌注,减少因血流动力学不稳定导致的二次损伤,有利于患者术后肠道功能的恢复。近年来,瑞马唑仑因其较少的不良反应、胃肠道功能的保护和恢复等优势在手术麻醉中得到广泛应用。研究证实瑞马唑仑通过抑制活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成、脂质过氧化、线粒体结构破坏等过程抑制细胞铁死亡,从而减轻脑[13]、心肌[14]、肝脏[15-16]等器官I/R损伤。瑞马唑仑可通过下调CX43抑制ROS形成以及脂质过氧化[17]。然而,瑞马唑仑在肠I/R中的作用效果及确切机制尚不明确,需进一步研究其机制,以优化其在肠I/R损伤中的临床应用。因此,本研究构建小鼠肠I/R损伤模型,研究瑞马唑仑是否通过下调CX43抑制铁死亡,减轻肠I/R。
PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov;PubChem CID:9867812)下载瑞马唑仑2D结构,PyMOL(v2.5.0)软件将其转化为PDB格式。利用PDB数据库下载CX43结构(http://www.rcsb.org;PDB ID:2LL2),应用PyMOL(v2.5.0)软件去除水分子和已有配体,添加氢原子及电荷。通过AutoDock Vina(v1.5.7)软件基于全局对接确定蛋白结合口袋,并采用半柔性对接的方法进行分子对接,用PyMOL(v2.5.0)软件进行可视化处理。
SPF级健康成年雄性C57BL/6J小鼠72只,6~8周龄,体质量20~25 g,购自兰州大学动物实验中心[动物合格证号:SCXK(甘)2023-0003]。将动物饲养在通风良好的 SPF 级房间内[温度(20±2)℃,湿度45%~55%,12 h光照和黑暗循环],自由进食和饮水。所有动物实验在兰州大学GLP实验室进行,实验程序按照国际实验动物护理和使用指南进行。本研究所涉及的所有动物实验经兰州大学第一医院伦理委员会批准(LDYYLL2025-15)。
实验一,采用随机数字表法将30只小鼠分为(n=6):假手术组(S组)、I/R组(I/R1组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑10 mg/kg(RM10组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑20 mg/kg(RM20组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg(RM40组);实验二,采用随机数字表法将30只小鼠分为(n=6):I/R组(I/R2组)、Erastin组(E组)、I/R+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(RM40-2组)、I/R+Fer-1组(Fer-1组)、Erastin+瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg组(ERM组);实验三,采用随机数字表法将12只小鼠分为2组(n=6):I/R+RM+oe-NC组(oe-NC组)和I/R+RM+oe-CX43组(oe-CX43组)。
瑞马唑仑剂量设置:既往研究指出瑞马唑仑对大鼠的半数有效剂量(median effective dose,ED50)为5 mg/kg[18],按照1∶2∶4的浓度比例设置药物剂量梯度,比较5、10、20 mg/kg瑞马唑仑对肠I/R损伤大鼠模型的干预效果。因此本研究以瑞马唑仑对大鼠的ED50值为参考值,依据体表面积校正系数(Km)进行大鼠-小鼠等效剂量换算。换算公式如下:小鼠剂量(mg/kg)=大鼠剂量(mg/kg)×大鼠Km系数/小鼠Km系数,其中大鼠及小鼠的Km系数分别为6和3。最终瑞马唑仑的低、中、高剂量分别设置为10、20、40 mg/kg。
造模前12 h禁食,不禁水。腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠(50 mg/kg)麻醉小鼠,剔除小鼠腹部毛发,于腹中线切口并开腹,暴露肠系膜上动脉,使用无创动脉夹夹闭肠系膜上动脉(superior mesenteric artery,SMA)45 min,移除动脉夹,肠道复位,缝合伤口,进行30 min再灌注处理。S组仅分离肠系膜上动脉,不夹闭。再灌注30 min后肠管颜色恢复红润,表明小鼠肠I/R损伤模型制备成功。RM10、RM20、RM40组于造模前30 min分别尾静脉注射10、20、40 mg/kg的瑞马唑仑[19](湖北宜昌人福药业有限公司);S组和I/R组于造模前30 min给予等体积的生理盐水;E组于缺血前1 d腹腔注射铁死亡激动剂Erastin(美国MCE公司)10 mg/kg [20-22];Fer-1组于缺血前1 h腹腔注射铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1(美国MCE公司)5 mg/kg[21];ERM组于造模前1 d腹腔注射Erastin 10 mg/kg,造模前30 min尾静脉注射瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg;oe-NC、oe-CX43组尾静脉注射空载载体病毒或过表达CX43载体病毒,48 h后尾静脉注射瑞马唑仑40 mg/kg,瑞马唑仑注射30 min后建立肠I/R模型。动物实验不同实验组药物干预时间见图1。
预实验采用的病毒载体转染时间为48、72 h,在以上2个时间节点CX43均过表达,但慢病毒转染72 h时CX43过表达后小鼠死亡率明显提高,经考虑动物伦理学及尽可能模拟临床肠I/R损伤程度,最终采用48 h作为研究窗口。
再灌注30 min时对各组小鼠腹腔注射10%水合氯醛麻醉后处死小鼠,距回盲瓣约5 cm处剪取小肠组织,一部分用多聚甲醛固定,一部分保存于-80 ℃冰箱。
4%多聚甲醛固定小肠组织48 h后,用乙醇脱水、石蜡包埋切片,行HE染色。在200倍光学显微镜下观察小肠黏膜病理学结果,使用Chiu’s评分[23]评估肠黏膜损伤的程度:0分,肠黏膜绒毛正常;1分,肠绒毛顶端上皮下间隙形成,并伴毛细血管扩张;2分,上皮下间隙扩大,固有层中度水肿;3分,肠黏膜上皮层细胞变性、坏死,固有层明显水肿;4分,绒毛及固有层坏死、脱落,毛细血管扩张,固有层细胞增多;5分,固有层分解,血管出血,溃疡形成。
取-80 ℃冻存的部分小肠组织,复温,剪碎组织并碾磨至匀浆,在4 ℃下以10 000×g离心10 min,取上清液,分别使用还原型GSH含量检测试剂盒(上海碧云天生物科技有限公司)、MDA检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝生物技术科技有限公司)、SOD活性检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝生物技术科技有限公司)处理上清液,酶标仪读取光密度(D)值(MDA:532 nm;SOD:560 nm;GSH:412 nm),根据说明书计算MDA、SOD、GSH;使用Elabscience®总铁离子比色法测试盒或Elabscience®亚铁离子比色法测试盒(北京索莱宝生物技术科技有限公司)检测在酶标仪593 nm处测定D(593)值,结合说明书计算肠道组织总铁或Fe2+的含量。
小肠组织冰冻切片自然复温后,加入1 mmol/L DHE探针(北京索莱宝生物技术科技有限公司),避光37 ℃孵育。荧光显微镜下观察荧光图像,蓝光或绿光激发时ROS阳性细胞发红光,紫外光激发时ROS阴性细胞发蓝光。
小肠组织自然复温,剪碎组织后碾磨成匀浆,加入TRIzol以提取总RNA,应用紫外分光光度计读取260、280 nm处D值,选择D(260)/D(280)>1.7者用于RNA反转录及荧光定量PCR。使用RNA反转录-荧光定量PCR试剂盒(一步法,美国CST中国分公司)和荧光定量PCR仪将RNA反转录为cDNA,并行荧光定量。本实验以GAPDH为内参基因,检测抗体死亡基因SLC7A11、GPX4的表达水平,标准化处理方法为2-△△Ct。
取部分冻存的小肠组织,剪碎组织,加入200 mL RIPA裂解液,碾磨组织至匀浆,再加入800 mL RIPA裂解液,待组织裂解完全。在4 ℃下以13 871×g离心15 min后取上清液,使用BCA蛋白浓度检测试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分离蛋白,冰浴下转膜。应用含5%脱脂牛奶的封闭液封闭,分别加入稀释好的一抗CX43[1∶1 000,艾博抗(上海)贸易有限公司]、GPX4(1∶1 000,武汉三鹰生物科技有限公司)、SLC7A11[1∶1 000,艾博抗(上海)贸易有限公司]和GAPDH[1∶10 000,艾博抗(上海)贸易有限公司],4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST洗膜,室温下摇洗5次,每次6 min。加入稀释好的二抗lgG(1∶1 000,美国CST中国分公司),室温孵育1 h,置于化学发光仪中曝光。结合Image J软件分析条带灰度值。
使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析,符合正态分布的数据以x¯±s表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,单因素方差分析后使用Tukey检验行组间两两比较。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
将CX43作为受体,瑞马唑仑作为配体,利用AutoDock Vina(v 1.5.7)软件进行分子对接。结果显示,瑞马唑仑与CX43存在结合位点,且最佳结合能是-6.699 kcal/mol,绝对结合能数值>5.000 kcal/mol,表明瑞马唑仑与CX43蛋白实现良好结合,且瑞马唑仑主要与CX43蛋白的VAL-7、LYS-25、LYS-4和HIS15氨基酸残基相互作用(图2)。
光镜下,S组小鼠小肠黏膜形态结构基本完整,绒毛排列整齐,杯状细胞可见;I/R1组小肠黏膜损伤严重,出现溃疡和出血,绒毛断裂、脱落;与I/R1组相比,各剂量瑞马唑仑组中小肠黏膜损伤均有所改善,其中高剂量瑞马唑仑的肠道损伤干预效果最显著(图3A)。
与S组相比,I/R1组Chiu’s评分升高(P<0.05);与I/R1组相比,RM10、RM20、RM40组Chiu’s评分降低(P<0.05);且各剂量瑞马唑仑组Chiu’s评分随瑞马唑仑剂量升高而降低,其中高剂量瑞马唑仑干预效果最显著(P<0.05,图3B)。因此后续实验选择高剂量(40 mg/kg)瑞马唑仑进行研究。
与S组相比,I/R1组肠组织中Fe2+及总铁的含量明显升高(P<0.05);与I/R1组相比,RM40组Fe2+及总铁的含量降低(P<0.05,图3C),表明瑞马唑仑可减轻肠I/R损伤中的铁过载现象。在氧化应激方面,与S组相比,I/R1组ROS及MDA的含量升高(P<0.05),GSH及SOD含量降低(P<0.05);与I/R1组相比,RM40组ROS及MDA的含量降低(P<0.05),GSH及SOD的含量升高(P<0.05,图3D、E)。
与S组相比,I/R1组肠组织中GPX4及SLC7A11表达均下调(P<0.05),CX43表达上调(P<0.05);与I/R1组相比,RM40组GPX4及SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05),CX43表达下调(P<0.05,图3F、G)。
光镜下,I/R2组及E组均表现为小肠组织结构破坏、绒毛断裂及脱落;Fer-1组及RM40-2组均显著改善肠I/R的小肠组织病理学损伤;与E组相比,ERM组肠道组织学损伤有所改善(图4A)。
与I/R2组相比,RM40-2组和Fer-1组Fe2+及总铁的含量降低(P<0.05);与E组相比,ERM组Fe2+及总铁的含量降低(P<0.05,图4B)。与I/R2组相比,RM40-2组和Fer-1组MDA及ROS含量降低(P<0.05),GSH及SOD含量升高(P<0.05);与E组相比,ERM组MDA及ROS含量降低(P<0.05),GSH及SOD含量升高(P<0.05,图4C、D)。
与I/R2组相比,RM40-2组和Fer-1组中CX43表达下调(P<0.05),GPX4及SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05);与E组相比,ERM组GPX4及SLC7A11表达上调(P<0.05),而CX43表达下调(P<0.05,图4E、F)。
HE染色结果表明,CX43过表达可减轻瑞马唑仑对肠I/R损伤的改善作用(图5A)。与oe-NC组相比,oe-CX43组Fe2+、总铁、ROS及MDA的含量显著升高,而SOD及GSH的含量显著降低(P<0.05,图5B~D);CX43表达上调,GPX4、SLC7A11表达下调(P<0.05,图5E、F)。
本研究参照文献[4,24],用无创动脉夹夹闭SMA 45 min再灌注30 min的方法建立小鼠肠I/R模型,夹闭SMA后,肠管从鲜红变得苍白肿胀,松开动脉夹后,肠管颜色恢复红润。研究结果显示,与S组相比,I/R组小鼠肠黏膜结构破坏,小肠组织Chiu’s评分明显升高,说明小鼠肠I/R模型制备成功。
肠I/R损伤常继发于失血性休克及绞窄性肠梗阻等临床事件,引发肠组织炎性浸润及肠屏障破坏,是全球常见死亡原因之一。瑞马唑仑在I/R损伤干预中发挥重要作用。本研究表明,瑞马唑仑预处理显著减轻小鼠I/R状况下的肠组织损伤。本研究观察瑞马唑仑高、中、低3种剂量对肠I/R损伤小鼠的保护作用,结果显示40 mg/kg瑞马唑仑的肠保护作用最明显,小鼠肠道组织仅见轻微损伤,因此本研究选择40 mg/kg作为后续实验的给药剂量。
铁死亡是I/R损伤的重要因素,在I/R损伤中细胞出现铁过载现象,同时再灌注引起的ROS诱导脂质过氧化,这一系列变化最终触发细胞铁死亡,引起组织损伤[25]。相关研究证明在肠I/R损伤中,ACSL4促铁死亡相关基因显著上调,而SLC7A11、GPX4等抗铁死亡基因表达降低[3-7]。GPX4和SLC7A11是抑制脂质过氧化的重要因子,当肠I/R损伤时二者表达下调,肠黏膜发生铁死亡[26-29]。本研究主要聚焦于瑞马唑仑预处理干预SLC7A11、GPX4等抗铁死亡基因的表达,从而验证瑞马唑仑是否通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠I/R损伤。研究结果表明,肠I/R损伤小鼠小肠组织伴随有Fe2+及总铁的含量升高,表明铁过载发生;同时ROS及MDA升高,GSH及SOD降低,表明肠I/R损伤引发肠组织氧化及抗氧化机制失衡,导致脂质过氧化;瑞马唑仑预处理可削弱上述变化,引发GPX4和SLC7A11二者表达上调,抑制铁过载及脂质过氧化现象,减轻肠I/R损伤。由此可见,在肠I/R损伤中瑞马唑仑可干预铁死亡发生。为进一步明确瑞马唑仑是否通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠I/R损伤,本研究以铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1为阳性药物对照,观察Fer-1及瑞马唑仑对肠I/R损伤的影响。结果表明瑞马唑仑及Fer-1均可减轻小鼠肠道组织损伤,并抑制铁死亡的发生。随后对正常小鼠给予铁死亡激活剂Erastin处理,结果表明Erastin处理诱导肠道组织损伤及铁死亡发生,说明铁死亡是引起肠道组织损伤的重要原因;而瑞马唑仑加Erastin处理结果显示,瑞马唑仑可显著抑制铁死亡,改善Erastin引起的肠道组织损伤。说明瑞马唑仑可通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠I/R损伤。
CX43是细胞间隙连接的关键成分,通过介导间隙连接降解和半通道开放促进细胞内容物及炎症介质的释放。CX43与铁死亡发生有关。有研究表明CX43过表达可促进心肌细胞铁死亡的发生,增强细胞对I/R损伤的易感性[30];通过RNA干扰等技术下调CX43表达可有效减轻细胞铁死亡,进而缓解组织损伤[9]。此外,CX43失调将破坏肠上皮细胞的胞间连接,促进肠损伤[12]。因此,在肠I/R损伤中CX43可能是调控肠组织铁死亡的重要靶点。本研究实验结果说明肠I/R损伤小鼠表现为CX43上调,而铁死亡抑制剂及瑞马唑仑可逆转这一趋势,该实验结果进一步明确CX43调控小鼠肠道铁死亡的关键作用。CX43与铁死亡标志物GPX4和SLC7A11表达的相关实验则证明CX43过表达可引起抗铁死亡标记基因表达下调,促进铁死亡发生。有研究指出瑞马唑仑可抑制CX43缓解糖氧剥离再复原处理引起的星形胶质细胞损伤[17]。因此本研究进一步探究了瑞马唑仑及CX43在肠I/R损伤中的生物学联系。研究前期通过分子对接发现瑞马唑仑与CX43有良好的亲和力,表明瑞马唑仑可能通过靶向抑制CX43调控下游细胞内机制。进一步实验结果表明,小鼠肠I/R损伤模型肠组织中CX43表达上调,瑞马唑仑可显著下调CX43的表达;过表达CX43可削弱瑞马唑仑在小鼠肠I/R损伤中的肠保护作用及抗铁死亡作用。因此,瑞马唑仑通过下调CX43抑制铁死亡,进而减轻肠I/R损伤。
本研究仍存在以下局限性:①虽已证实瑞马唑仑通过CX43减轻小鼠肠I/R损伤,但并未深入探究瑞马唑仑如何调控CX43表达;因此后续将结合表观遗传学等理念进一步研究瑞马唑仑对CX43的潜在调控机制。②本课题预实验仅比较了病毒载体注射48 h及72 h后的转染效率,在未来研究中将进一步细化病毒载体注射时间,优化给药时间间隔。③对于瑞马唑仑治疗时间窗、长期预后指标亦未进行进一步监测,在后续研究中,拟增设不同给药时间点、增加长期生存率、肠屏障功能等远期评价指标,同时对瑞马唑仑治疗性干预进行研究。
综上所述,瑞马唑仑可通过靶向下调CX43表达抑制铁死亡,减轻小鼠肠I/R损伤。本研究证实了瑞马唑仑在肠I/R损伤干预中的潜在价值,并为临床管理策略的制定提供了参考依据。

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2025年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504088
  • 接收时间:2025-04-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 修回日期:2025-06-30
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    1兰州大学第一临床医学院,甘肃 兰州
    2甘肃省妇幼保健院麻醉科,甘肃 兰州
    3兰州大学第一医院麻醉科,甘肃 兰州

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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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